JP2015085280A - High-temperature high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-temperature high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus capable of efficiently using the energy which a high-temperature high-pressure liquid to be treated has.SOLUTION: A high-temperature high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus is provided with: a feeding part 10 for feeding a liquid 2 to be treated; a temperature raising part 13 for raising the temperature of the liquid to be treated fed by the feeding part to a prescribed level; a reaction part 14 for reacting the liquid whose temperature is raised to the prescribed level at the temperature raising part under high pressure; a concentration part (vapor-liquid separation part) 15 for evaporating the low boiling point components from the liquid after reaction at the reaction part to concentrate the liquid; and a power generation part 20 for rotating a turbine 23 of a power generator 24 by adiabatically expanding the evaporated low boiling point components to drive the power generator. The reaction at the reaction part 14 is performed supercritically or subcritically.

Description

  The present invention relates to a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus for reacting a liquid to be processed at high temperature and high pressure. The present invention relates to a possible high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus.

  High-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatuses are widely used in various fields because they can efficiently react a liquid to be treated.

  By the way, in such a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus, in discharging the high-temperature liquid to be processed at a high pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing is performed, a cooling process is provided to cool the liquid to be processed, In general, discharging is performed by reducing the pressure from the above state to near atmospheric pressure.

  And as a technique regarding such a high-temperature / high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus, a high-temperature / high-pressure reaction system as described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

  In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction system of Patent Document 1, as a method of cooling a high-temperature liquid to be processed in the cooling process, cooling water is used as a cooling medium, and the liquid to be processed is exchanged by heat exchange between the liquid to be processed and the cooling water. A cooling method is employed.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, of the three reactors of the first reactor 102A (102), the second reactor 102B (102), and the third reactor 102C (102), A cooler 119 is connected to the processing fluid outflow portion 105 of the third reactor 102C (102), and a discharge mechanism 120 having a function of adjusting the pressure of the processing liquid is connected downstream of the cooler 119. The slurry (liquid to be treated) having high viscosity can be discharged while maintaining the pressure in the three reactors 102C (102).

  However, it is difficult to recover energy from a refrigerant that has been used for cooling and whose temperature has risen (warm water when water is used as a refrigerant). The current situation is not enough.

  In addition, some liquids to be treated discharged from the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus require a concentration step in order to further increase the concentration.

  However, in the case of concentrating the liquid to be treated which has been once cooled to the boiling point or less in the cooling step, it is necessary to heat the liquid to be treated again. is there.

JP2013-136068A

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and uses the energy of the liquid to be treated that has become high temperature and pressure to concentrate by evaporating low-boiling components from the liquid to be treated, and evaporates during the concentration. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus capable of effectively utilizing the energy of the low-boiling component vapor.

In order to solve the above problems, the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus of the present invention is
A supply unit for supplying a liquid to be treated;
A temperature raising part for raising the temperature of the liquid to be treated supplied by the supply part to a predetermined temperature;
A reaction section for reacting the liquid to be treated heated to a predetermined temperature in the temperature raising section under high pressure;
A concentration unit for concentrating the liquid to be processed by evaporating low-boiling components from the liquid to be processed after the reaction in the reaction unit;
And a power generation unit that drives the generator by rotating the turbine of the generator by adiabatic expansion of the vaporized low-boiling component.

  In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus of the present invention, the reaction in the reaction section is preferably a reaction performed in a supercritical or subcritical state.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus of the present invention concentrates the liquid to be treated by evaporating the low-boiling component from the liquid to be treated after the reaction in the concentrating part, Since the generator turbine is driven by adiabatically expanding and rotating the generator turbine, it becomes possible to efficiently use the energy of the liquid to be treated that has become high temperature and pressure.

That is, according to the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus of the present invention, the liquid to be processed in the high-temperature and high-pressure state after the reaction is depressurized to a predetermined pressure, and is contained in the liquid to be processed in the concentration section By vaporizing the low-boiling component and rotating the power generation turbine using the vapor, the energy of the liquid to be treated at high temperature and high pressure can be converted into electric power.
In addition, the turbine of a generator should just be a rotary body provided with the gas expansion function which carries out the adiabatic expansion of the low boiling-point component vaporized in the concentration part, and there is no special restriction | limiting in the type. Specifically, a speed type represented by a radial turbine or a positive displacement type represented by a scroll type or screw type turbine can be used.

  In addition, since the liquid to be processed from which the low-boiling components have been separated by the concentration unit (gas-liquid separator) is concentrated, the energy required for concentrating the liquid to be processed collected from the apparatus is reduced. be able to.

  In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus of the present invention, when the reaction in the reaction part is a reaction performed in a supercritical or subcritical state, the liquid to be treated has a large thermal energy. By applying the invention, it becomes possible to recover large energy efficiently, which is particularly meaningful.

It is a figure which shows the supply part, temperature rising part, and reaction part which comprise the high temperature / high pressure reaction processing apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the detail of a structure of the concentration part and electric power generation part which comprise the high temperature / high pressure reaction processing apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional high temperature / high pressure reaction system.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below to describe the features of the present invention in more detail.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 shows a supply unit, a temperature raising unit, and a reaction unit constituting a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction process according to an embodiment of the present invention. The structure of the concentration part and electric power generation part which comprise an apparatus is shown.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
(A) A raw material tank 11 in which the liquid 2 to be processed to be supplied to the temperature raising unit 13 is stored, and a quantitative pump for quantitatively supplying the liquid 2 to be processed in the raw material tank 11 to the temperature raising unit 13 A supply unit 10 for supplying a liquid to be processed having 12;
(B) a temperature raising unit 13 that raises the temperature of the liquid to be processed supplied from the supply unit 10 to a predetermined temperature;
(C) a reaction unit 14 that reacts the liquid to be processed heated to a predetermined temperature in the temperature raising unit 13 under high pressure;
(D) a concentration unit (gas-liquid separation unit) 15 for concentrating the liquid to be processed by evaporating low-boiling components from the liquid to be processed (reacted liquid to be processed) after reacting in the reaction unit 14;
(E) A power generation unit 20 that is driven by the vaporized low boiling point component to generate power.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus includes a product tank 30 that receives a liquid to be treated (concentrated liquid that is a product) 2a concentrated in the concentration unit 15.

  As described above, the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus according to the first embodiment includes the supply unit 10, the temperature raising unit 13, the reaction unit 14, the concentration unit (gas-liquid separation unit) 15, the power generation unit 20, and the product tank 30. The liquid to be treated 2 is continuously supplied from the supply unit 10 to continuously perform a predetermined reaction, and the liquid to be treated after the reaction can be concentrated and continuously taken out as a product. It is configured as follows.

The raw material tank 11 includes a stirrer 11a, and is configured to be able to cope with a case where the liquid to be processed is a slurry containing solid content.
Moreover, the temperature raising part 13 is provided with heating means, such as an electric heater, steam, and a heat medium, for example.
In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus according to the first embodiment, the temperature raising unit 13 can heat the liquid to be processed up to a high-temperature and high-pressure condition such that the liquid to be processed reaches subcritical or supercritical conditions. It is configured.

When the liquid to be treated is water, the critical temperature is 374.2 ° C., the critical pressure is 22.12 MPa, and when methanol is methanol, the critical temperature is 243 ° C. and the critical pressure is 6.38 MPa.
However, the operation pressure and heating temperature in the temperature raising unit 13 are not limited to this.

  In addition, the reaction layer 14 is configured so as to be able to maintain a predetermined reaction time by holding the liquid to be processed which is heated to a high temperature and high pressure condition that reaches subcriticality or supercriticality.

As shown in FIG. 2, the concentration unit (gas-liquid separation unit) 15 includes an adjustment pressure adjustment valve 21a for adjusting the pressure between the metering pump 12 (FIG. 1) and the reaction unit 14, and the post-reaction target A gas-liquid separator 22 that cools a part of the liquid (low-boiling component) and separates the evaporated low-boiling component vapor from the concentrated liquid to be treated (gas-liquid separation), a cooler 25a, And a pressure adjusting valve 21b disposed on the downstream side of the cooler 25a for adjusting the pressure of the gas-liquid separator 22.
The pressure between the metering pump 12 and the pressure adjusting valve 21a is set according to the liquid temperature at which the liquid to be treated is reacted.

  Further, the product tank 30 is configured so as to be able to store a concentrated liquid to be processed (product).

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the power generation unit 20 drives the turbine 23 that is rotationally driven by the steam of the low boiling point component that is adiabatically expanded, the generator 24 that generates power by the rotation of the turbine 23, and the turbine 23. A cooler 25b is provided for cooling and condensing the low-boiling component vapor used in the above.
As the turbine 23 driven by the generator 24, a speed type turbine such as a radial turbine or a positive displacement type such as a scroll type or screw type turbine can be used.

Next, the operation of the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described.
(1) In processing the liquid to be processed, first, the liquid in the raw material tank 11 with a stirrer is supplied to the temperature raising unit 13 by the metering pump 12.

  (2) Then, the liquid to be treated supplied to the temperature raising unit 13 is raised to, for example, a predetermined temperature at which it becomes a supercritical state by a heating means such as an electric heater, steam, or heat medium provided in the temperature raising unit 13. After being heated, it is sent to the reaction unit 14.

  (3) Then, the liquid to be processed sent to the reaction unit 14 passes through the reaction unit 14 at such a speed that a predetermined reaction time is secured. And while a to-be-processed liquid passes the reaction part 14, a predetermined reaction advances.

(4) The liquid to be treated after the reaction is sent to the concentration unit (gas-liquid separation unit) 15 (FIG. 2), and the low boiling point components are evaporated.
That is, the to-be-processed liquid after reaction is sent to the gas-liquid separator 15 through the pressure control valve 21a which comprises the concentration part 15, as shown in FIG.

  Then, in the gas-liquid separator 22 whose pressure is adjusted by the pressure regulating valve 21b, the low boiling point component contained in the liquid to be treated is vaporized.

Further, the concentrated liquid to be processed (product) 2a after evaporating the low boiling point component is cooled by the cooler 25a, and then collected in the product tank 30 through the pressure regulating valve 21b.
Note that the liquid to be processed (product) 2a collected in the product tank 30 can be further concentrated.

(5) On the other hand, the vaporized low-boiling component steam is sent to the turbine 23 constituting the power generation unit 20 to rotate the turbine 23 and operate the generator 24 connected to the turbine 23 to generate power. Do.
And the low boiling point component after rotating the turbine 23 is discharged | emitted out of the system, after being cooled by the cooler 25b to below a boiling point.

In the case of the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus according to the first embodiment, the low-boiling component contained in the liquid to be processed is vaporized and separated from the liquid to be processed in the gas-liquid separator 22 to concentrate the liquid to be processed. Is called.
Therefore, it is possible to efficiently evaporate and concentrate the liquid to be treated after the reaction.

  Further, when the concentrated liquid to be treated is further concentrated, the energy required for the subsequent concentration operation can be reduced.

  In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus of Embodiment 1, the liquid to be processed is heated to a high-temperature and high-pressure condition that reaches subcriticality or supercriticality in the temperature raising unit 13 and is reacted in the reaction unit 14. Therefore, energy can be efficiently recovered from the liquid to be processed having large thermal energy.

  However, the present invention can also be applied to a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus operated under conditions that do not reach subcriticality or supercriticality.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment in other respects as well, and relates to specific configurations such as a supply unit, a temperature raising unit, a reaction unit, a concentrating unit, and a power generation unit. It is possible to add various applications and modifications.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Supply part 11 Raw material tank 12 Metering pump 13 Temperature rising part 14 Reaction part 15 Concentration part (gas-liquid separation part)
20 Power generation part 21a, 21b Pressure regulating valve 22 Gas-liquid separator 23 Turbine 24 Generator 25a, 25b Cooler 30 Product tank

Claims (2)

A supply unit for supplying a liquid to be treated;
A temperature raising part for raising the temperature of the liquid to be treated supplied by the supply part to a predetermined temperature;
A reaction section for reacting the liquid to be treated heated to a predetermined temperature in the temperature raising section under high pressure;
A concentration unit for concentrating the liquid to be processed by evaporating low-boiling components from the liquid to be processed after the reaction in the reaction unit;
A high-temperature and high-pressure reaction processing apparatus comprising: a power generation unit that adiabatically expands the vaporized low-boiling component, rotates a turbine of a power generator, and drives the power generator.   2. The high-temperature and high-pressure reaction treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reaction in the reaction section is a reaction performed in a supercritical or subcritical state.

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