JP2015084626A - Load controller, load control method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to easily control distributed loads.SOLUTION: A server 20 comprises: a control amount determination unit 214 for determining a control amount Qs, which is a target value of total power consumption by a power storage device 10; a demand information reception unit 211 for receiving demand information showing relation between a power price and power consumption from the power storage device 10; an upper limit value storage unit 234 for storing the upper limit value Pm; an appropriate price determination unit 215 for determining an appropriate price Ps corresponding to the control amount Qs on the basis of the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit value Pm; and a price signal transmission unit 216 for transmitting a price signal showing the appropriate price Ps to the power storage device 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a load control device, a load control method, and a program.

  Autonomous distributed control using multi-agent technology is being researched to balance supply and demand using power storage loads and heat storage loads such as electric vehicles and water heaters. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a system that communicates the amount of power that can be supplied, the type of power supply equipment, and the like.

JP 2012-249380 A

  However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to communicate various types of information in order to perform cooperative control among multi-agents, and each agent performs complicated processing for cooperative control in addition to autonomous control. There is a need to do.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object thereof is to provide a load control device, a load control method, and a program capable of easily controlling a distributed load.

  A main invention of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is a load control device, which is communicably connected to a plurality of load devices that consume power according to a power price, and the power price and the power consumption A demand information acquisition unit that acquires demand information that is information representing a relationship from the load device, a control amount determination unit that determines a control amount that is a target value of the total power consumption by the load device, and an upper limit of the power price An upper limit value storage unit for storing a value, an appropriate price determination unit for determining an electric power price according to the control amount based on the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit value, and a price signal indicating the determined electric power price And a price signal transmitting unit that transmits the information to the load device.

  Further, in the load control device of the present invention, based on the demand information, the lowest price among the ones in the upper predetermined ratio of the histogram that is the distribution of the total power consumption for each power price is determined as the upper limit value. You may make it further provide an upper limit setting part.

  In the load control device of the present invention, the predetermined ratio may be 50% or less.

  Further, in the load control device of the present invention, the appropriate price determination unit creates a demand curve representing a relationship between the power price and the total power consumption by the load device based on the demand information, The power price corresponding to the control amount may be determined.

  In the load control device of the present invention, an upper limit setting unit that determines, as the upper limit, the lowest price that enters the first ratio from the top of the histogram of the power price based on the demand information, and the history of the upper limit An upper limit value history storage unit that stores a predetermined number of demands, and a demand curve history storage unit that stores a predetermined number of history of the demand curve, wherein the upper limit value setting unit includes the previous upper limit value and the previous demand. A curve is read from the upper limit value history storage unit and the demand curve history storage unit, the previous control amount corresponding to the previous upper limit value in the previous demand curve is specified, and the previous control in the current demand curve When the power price corresponding to the amount is smaller than the determined upper limit value, the lowest price that falls into a second ratio smaller than the first ratio is determined as the upper limit value. Good.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a load control method in which a computer that is communicably connected to a plurality of load devices that consume power according to a power price is related to the power price and the power consumption. Acquiring from the load device demand information that is information representing, a step of determining a control amount that is a target value of the total power consumption by the load device, a step of storing an upper limit value of the power price, Executing a step of determining a power price according to the control amount based on the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit value, and a step of transmitting a price signal indicating the determined power price to the load device I will do it.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program for controlling a load, wherein the power price and the consumption are connected to a computer communicably connected to a plurality of load devices that consume power according to the power price. Storing demand information, which is information representing a relationship with power, from the load device, determining a control amount that is a target value of the total power consumption by the load device, and storing an upper limit value of the power price Determining a power price according to the control amount based on the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit, and transmitting a price signal indicating the determined power price to the load device. , Are executed.

  Other problems and solutions to be disclosed by the present application will be made clear by the embodiments of the invention and the drawings.

  According to the present invention, a distributed load can be easily controlled.

It is a figure which shows an example of the whole structure of the electric power system of this embodiment. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a power storage device 10. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a software configuration example of a power storage agent 11. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of the process by the electrical storage agent. It is a figure which shows the flow of a demand information transmission process. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a server 20. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a software configuration of a server 20. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the demand information memorize | stored in the demand information storage part. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a demand curve stored in a demand curve storage unit 232. FIG. It is a figure explaining calculating | requiring the appropriate price Ps corresponding to the controlled variable Qs in a demand curve. It is a figure which shows the flow of the process by the server. It is a figure which shows the flow of the setting process of an upper limit. It is a figure which shows the flow of a control amount determination process. It is a figure which shows the flow of a leveling process.

== Overall system configuration ==
Hereinafter, a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the overall configuration of the power system according to the present embodiment. The power system according to the present embodiment includes the power storage device 10 and the server 20. The power storage device 10 and the server 20 each have a communication function, and are connected to each other via a communication network 30 so that they can communicate with each other. The communication network 30 is, for example, the Internet, and is constructed by, for example, a public telephone line, a mobile phone line, a wireless communication path, a dedicated telephone line, a power line, a serial cable, Ethernet (registered trademark), or the like.

  The power storage device 10 is a device that charges or discharges the storage battery according to the power price.

  The server 20 is a computer such as a personal computer and a workstation that determines an appropriate power price (hereinafter referred to as an appropriate price) that balances supply and demand. The server 20 transmits information indicating the determined appropriate price (hereinafter referred to as a price signal) to the load system 10. Thereby, in the electric power system of this embodiment, it is going to set an appropriate price so that the supply-and-demand balance in an electric power system may be taken, performing the autonomous control of charge or discharge by the load system 10. In this embodiment, the server 20 shall be installed in a substation for every electric power system, and controls the electrical storage apparatus 10 in the same area (the same electric power system).

== Configuration of Power Storage Device 10 ==
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the power storage device 10. The power storage device 10 includes a power storage agent 11 and a storage battery 12. The storage battery 12 is assumed to be a general storage battery that is charged and discharged by external control. The power storage agent 11 is a computer that controls the storage battery 12. As will be described later, the power storage agent 11 controls the storage battery 12 so that the storage battery 12 is charged or discharged according to the price signal.

  The power storage agent 11 includes a CPU 101, a memory 102, a storage device 103, a communication interface 104, and a control interface 105. The storage device 103 stores various data and programs, for example, a flash memory, a solid state drive, a hard disk drive, and the like. The CPU 101 implements various functions by reading a program stored in the storage device 103 into the memory 102 and executing it. The communication interface 104 is an interface for connecting to the communication network 30. For example, a PLC modem for connecting to a power line to perform power line communication (PLC), a modem for connecting to a public telephone line network A wireless communication device for connecting to a wireless communication network, an adapter for connecting to Ethernet (registered trademark), and the like. The control interface 105 is an interface for connecting to the storage battery 12. The control interface 105 may be, for example, an interface for performing serial communication, a terminal for outputting an electrical signal, or a communication interface for performing information communication with the storage battery 12. Also good. The power storage agent 11 can control the storage battery 12 by transmitting a command signal to the load 12 via the control interface 105.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a software configuration example of the power storage agent 11. The power storage agent 11 includes a power storage information acquisition unit 111, a power purchase price determination unit 112, a demand information transmission unit 113, a price signal reception unit 114, a charge / discharge control unit 115, a power storage information storage unit 131, and a price signal storage unit 132.

  The power storage information acquisition unit 111, the power purchase price determination unit 112, the demand information transmission unit 113, the price signal reception unit 114, and the charge / discharge control unit 115 are stored in the storage device 103 by the CPU 101 included in the load agent 11 of the load system 10. The load information storage unit 131 and the price signal storage unit 132 are realized as part of a storage area provided by the memory 102 and the storage device 103.

  The storage information storage unit 131 stores information related to the storage battery 12 (hereinafter referred to as storage information). In the storage information, the power consumption per unit time of the storage battery 12 (unit is kW, hereinafter referred to as Q), the capacity of the storage battery 12 (unit is kWh, hereinafter referred to as Ws), The current storage amount of the storage battery 12 (unit is kWh, hereinafter referred to as W), use start time, maximum price of power price (hereinafter referred to as Pmax), and the like are included. The storage battery 12 is assumed to be fully charged by the capacity Ws by the use start time. If the power price is equal to or less than the power purchase price, the storage battery 12 is charged. If the power price exceeds Pmax, the storage battery 12 is charged. Shall not be performed.

  The power storage information acquisition unit 111 acquires power storage information and registers the acquired power storage information in the power storage information storage unit 131. The power storage information acquisition unit 111 can accept input of power storage information from the user. For example, the storage information acquisition unit 111 can acquire the capacity of the storage battery 12 from the storage battery 12 via the control interface 105. Moreover, the electrical storage information acquisition part 111 can also acquire the present electrical storage amount of the storage battery 12, for example. The power storage information acquisition unit 111 may receive an input of the current power storage amount from the user, or may acquire the current power storage amount from the storage battery 12 via the control interface 105.

  The power purchase price determination unit 112 determines a price for charging the storage battery 12 (hereinafter referred to as a power purchase price; hereinafter referred to as P). The power purchase price determination unit 112 determines the power purchase price P according to the current power storage amount of the storage battery 12. For example, the power purchase price determination unit 112 determines the power purchase price so that the larger the difference between the capacity of the storage battery 12 and the current power storage amount, the lower the price. In this embodiment, T is the time from the use start time, Tf0 is the time taken from the charged amount 0 to full charge, and Tf is the time taken from the current charged amount W to full charge. ) And (2) to calculate the power purchase price P.

Tf = (Ws−W) ÷ Q = Tf0−W ÷ Q (1)
P = Pmax × T ÷ Tf (2)

  The demand information transmission unit 113 transmits information related to power demand by the power storage device 10 (hereinafter referred to as demand information) to the server 20. The demand information includes information for identifying the power storage agent 11 (hereinafter referred to as an agent ID), a power purchase price, and power consumption. The demand information transmission unit 113 transmits demand information including the agent ID of the power storage agent 11 and the power purchase price and power consumption stored in the power storage information storage unit 131 to the server 20.

  The price signal receiving unit 114 receives a price signal (hereinafter referred to as Ps) transmitted from the server 20. The price signal receiving unit 114 registers the price signal Ps received from the server 20 in the price signal storage unit 132.

  The charge / discharge control unit 115 controls the storage battery 12 according to the price signal. When the price signal stored in 132 in the price signal storage unit is equal to or less than the power purchase price stored in the storage information storage unit 131 (Ps ≦ P), the charge / discharge control unit 115 supplies the storage battery 12 When the battery 12 is fully charged (W = Ws) or when the price signal exceeds the power purchase price (Ps> P), charging of the battery 12 is stopped. . In addition, control of charge to the storage battery 12 is assumed to be general control, and description thereof is omitted here.

== Processing of Power Storage Device 10 ==
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow of processing by the power storage agent 11.

  The power purchase price determination unit 112 sets the use start time stored in the power storage information storage unit 131 to t0 (S401), and sets the capacity Ws stored in the power storage information storage unit 131 as the power consumption Q per unit time. Tf0 is calculated by dividing (S402). The power storage agent 11 repeats the following processing.

  The power storage agent 11 executes the demand information transmission process shown in FIG. 5 (S403). The power purchase price determination unit 112 subtracts the current time t from t0 to calculate the time T until the use start time (S421). The power storage information acquisition unit 111 acquires the current power storage amount W of the storage battery 12 (S422). The power purchase price determining unit 112 subtracts the value obtained by dividing W by Q from Tf0 to calculate the time Tf required until full charge (S423). The power purchase price determining unit 112 calculates the power purchase price P by multiplying Pmax by a value obtained by dividing the time T until the use start time by the time Tf required to fully charge (S424). The demand information transmission unit 113 transmits demand information including the power purchase price P and the power consumption Q to the server 20 (S425).

  When the price signal receiving unit 114 has received the price signal Ps (S404: YES), the charge / discharge control unit 115 proceeds to the rechargeable battery 12 if the price signal Ps is equal to or less than the power purchase price P (S405: YES). If the price signal Ps is larger than the power purchase price P (S405: NO), the charging of the rechargeable battery 12 is stopped (S407).

  By repeatedly executing the above processing, the power storage agent 11 determines the power purchase price according to the time taken for charging and the current power storage amount, notifies the server 20 of this, and responds to the price signal. Thus, charging control to the storage battery 12 can be performed.

== Configuration of Server 20 ==
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the server 20. The server 20 includes a CPU 201, a memory 202, a storage device 203, a communication interface 204, an input device 205, and an output device 206. The storage device 203 is, for example, a hard disk drive, a solid state drive, or a flash memory that stores various data and programs. The CPU 201 implements various functions by reading the program stored in the storage device 203 into the memory 202 and executing it. The communication interface 204 is an interface for connecting to the communication network 30. For example, a PLC modem for connecting to a power line and performing power line communications (PLC), a modem for connecting to a public telephone line network An adapter for connecting to Ethernet (registered trademark), a wireless communication device for connecting to a wireless communication network, and the like. The input device 205 is a keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch panel, microphone, or the like that accepts data input. The output device 206 is, for example, a display, a printer, or a speaker that outputs data.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a software configuration example of the server 20. The server 20 includes a demand information reception unit 211, a demand curve creation unit 212, a load current measurement unit 213, a control amount determination unit 214, an upper limit setting unit 215, an appropriate price determination unit 216, a price signal transmission unit 217, and a demand supply curve storage. Unit 231, demand curve storage unit 232, demand history storage unit 233, upper limit storage unit 234, and reasonable price storage unit 235.

  The demand information receiving unit 211, the demand curve creating unit 212, the load current measuring unit 213, the control amount determining unit 214, the upper limit setting unit 215, the appropriate price determining unit 216, and the price signal transmitting unit 217 are included in the CPU 201 included in the server 20. Is realized by reading the program stored in the storage device 203 into the memory 202 and executing it, and the demand supply curve storage unit 231, the demand curve storage unit 232, the demand history storage unit 233, the upper limit value storage unit 234, and the appropriate price The storage unit 235 is realized as part of a storage area provided by the memory 202 and the storage device 203 included in the server 20.

  The demand information receiving unit 211 receives demand information transmitted from the power storage device 10. The demand information receiving unit 211 registers the received demand information in the demand information storage unit 231. A configuration example of demand information stored in the demand information storage unit 231 is shown in FIG. As described above, the demand information includes an agent ID, a power purchase price, and power consumption.

  The demand curve creation unit 212 obtains a demand curve in the area based on the demand information. For example, the demand curve creation unit 212 totals the power consumption of the demand information for each power price, calculates the cumulative power consumption in the order of the power price, and creates a function representing the relationship between the power price and the cumulative power consumption. Can do. The demand curve may be created geometrically, or the accumulated power consumption may be stored in a table format in association with the power price for each predetermined unit circle (for example, 1 yen). . The demand curve creation unit 212 creates a demand curve based on demand information periodically (for example, every 30 minutes, every hour, etc.). The demand curve creation unit 212 registers the created demand curve in the demand curve storage unit 212. It is assumed that the demand curve storage unit 232 stores a history of demand curves. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a demand curve stored in the demand curve storage unit 232. In the example of the figure, the demand curve creation unit 212 matches the power purchase price with the power price for each power price from the highest price Pmax to the lowest price (for example, 0 yen) in increments of 1 yen. In this example, the total power consumption (total power consumption) of the demand information to be generated and the cumulative value of power consumption (cumulative power consumption) are created as a demand curve. In this embodiment, the demand curve memory | storage part 212 shall memorize | store two demand curves, the latest demand curve and the last demand curve created most recently.

  The load current measuring unit 213 measures a load current (hereinafter referred to as PL) at a substation of the power system in which the server 20 is installed. The load current measurement unit 213 uses a known method for the load current measurement process, and the description thereof is omitted here. It is assumed that the load current measurement unit 213 registers the history of the measured load current in the demand history storage unit 233 every time the load current is measured. The load current PL is a total of power consumption (hereinafter referred to as Qs) by a load (in this embodiment, the power storage device 10) that can be controlled by a price signal, and a load that cannot be controlled by a price signal. (In this embodiment, it is a total value of the total power consumption (hereinafter referred to as PL0) by all loads other than the power storage device 10 and hereinafter referred to as non-control load).

  Control amount determination unit 214 determines a target value of the total power consumption by power storage device 10 (hereinafter referred to as a control amount, also referred to as Qs). For example, when the power supply amount fluctuates due to wind power generation, solar power generation, or the like, the control amount determination unit 214 determines, as the control amount Qs, the amount by which the demand amount by the power storage device 10 should be increased according to the variation. Details of the control amount Qs determination process will be described later. It is assumed that the control amount determination unit 214 registers the history of the determined control amount in the demand history storage unit 233 every time the control amount is determined.

  The upper limit storage unit 234 stores an upper limit value (hereinafter referred to as Pm) of the appropriate price. The upper limit setting unit 215 sets an upper limit according to the demand information. The upper limit setting unit 215 consumes power corresponding to the power purchase price for each unit (for example, an arbitrary price such as 1 yen, 0.5 yen, etc.) from the predetermined maximum value based on the demand information. To create a histogram that is a distribution of the total power consumption for each power purchase price. The histogram can be, for example, a graph in which the horizontal axis represents the power purchase price in descending order and the vertical axis represents the total power consumption. The upper limit setting unit 215 sets a power purchase price of the top 30 (can be an arbitrary value)% of the created histogram as an initial value of the upper limit. Note that a value indicating the ratio from the top of the histogram (initial value “30”, hereinafter referred to as X) is also set in the upper limit storage unit 234. Further, the upper limit setting unit 215 updates the upper limit according to the demand curve when the demand curve is updated. The upper limit value setting unit 215 obtains the power consumption Qm corresponding to the upper limit value Pm in the previous demand curve, obtains the power price Pm ′ corresponding to the power consumption Qm in the latest demand curve, and the ratio if Pm ′> Pm X is increased to lower the upper limit value Pm. For example, upper limit setting unit 215 adds 10 (for example, an arbitrary step value such as 1, 5) to X, and sets upper limit value storage unit 234 using upper X% value of the histogram as upper limit value Pm. Update. On the other hand, when Pm ′ ≦ Pm and X is larger than 30, the upper limit setting unit 215 subtracts 10 (the above arbitrary step value) from X to set the upper X% value of the histogram as the upper limit. The upper limit is raised as the value Pm.

  The appropriate price determination unit 216 determines the appropriate price Ps with Pm stored in the upper limit value storage unit 234 as an upper limit. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the appropriate price determination unit 216 determines the power price corresponding to the control amount Qs in the demand curve as the appropriate price Ps. The appropriate price determination unit 215 registers the determined appropriate price in the appropriate price storage unit 235.

  Price signal transmission unit 217 transmits a price signal indicating an appropriate price stored in appropriate price storage unit 334 to power storage device 10. As a result, in the power storage device 10, charging is controlled according to the appropriate price.

== Processing of Server 20 ==
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a flow of processing by the server 20.

  When the demand information receiving unit 211 receives the demand information transmitted from the power storage device 10 (S501: YES), the received demand information is registered in the demand information storage unit 231 (S502). The demand curve creation unit 212 totals power consumption for each power purchase price from the demand information storage unit 231 and creates a demand curve in the area (S503). The upper limit setting unit 215 executes an upper limit setting process shown in FIG. 12 (S504).

  Based on the demand information stored in the demand information storage unit 231, the upper limit value setting unit 215 totals the power consumption for each unit price (for example, 1 yen) from the predetermined maximum value, and the power purchase price Is created (S521). The upper limit value setting unit 215 reads the previous demand curve together with the current demand curve newly created from the demand curve storage unit 232 (S522), and reads the upper limit value Pm and the ratio X from the upper limit value storage unit 234 (S523). The upper limit setting unit 215 sets the power consumption corresponding to Pm in the previous demand curve to Qm (S524), and sets the power price corresponding to Qm in the current demand curve to Pm ′ (S525).

  When Pm ′ is larger than Pm (S526: YES) and X is less than 50 (can be any maximum value) (S527: YES), the upper limit setting unit 215 sets 10 to X. (It can be an arbitrary step value.) Is added (S527). As a result, the upper limit value is lowered.

  On the other hand, when Pm ′ is equal to or greater than Pm (S526: NO), upper limit setting unit 215 determines that X is 10 if X is greater than 30 (can be an arbitrary value) (S529: YES). Is subtracted (S530), and if X is 30 (S529: NO), the process is terminated.

  The upper limit value setting unit 215 updates the upper limit value storage unit 234 with the upper X% value of the histogram as the upper limit value Pm (S531).

  Returning to FIG. 11, the control amount determination unit 214 calculates the control amount Qs by the control amount calculation process shown in FIG. 13 (S505).

  The control amount determination unit 214 sets a minimum value of power consumption (hereinafter referred to as minimum load power) Qmin (S541). The minimum load power may be received, for example, from an operator, or may be determined according to the minimum amount of generated power from the generator. The control amount determination unit 214 sets the control amount Qs to 0 (S542). Thereafter, the following processing is repeated.

  The load current measuring unit 213 measures the load current PL at the substation (S543). The load current measurement unit 213 registers the measured load current PL in the demand history storage unit 233 (S544). If the value obtained by subtracting the control amount Qs from the load current PL is equal to or lower than the minimum load power Qmin (S545: YES), the control amount determination unit 214 subtracts the value obtained by subtracting the control amount Qs from the load current PL from the minimum load power. The control amount is Qs (S546).

  On the other hand, when the value obtained by subtracting the control amount Qs from the load current PL is larger than the minimum load power Qmin (S545: NO), the demand leveling process shown in FIG. 14 is performed (S547).

  The control amount determination unit 214 sets a quotient obtained by dividing the maximum value Qmax of the demand control amount by 2 as Qs0 (S561). An arbitrary value may be set for Qs0. The controlled variable determining unit 214 moves the difference L0 obtained by subtracting the controlled variable Qs from the load current PL for a predetermined period (for example, any period such as one day) from the demand history storage unit 233 before the current period. The average is calculated as PL ′ (S562), and the value obtained by subtracting Qs from PL is subtracted from the value obtained by adding PL ′ to Qs0 to obtain Qs (S563).

  Returning to FIG. 11, the control amount determination unit 214 registers the determined Qs in the demand history storage unit 233 (S506), and the appropriate price determination unit 216 obtains the price corresponding to Qs from the demand curve and sets it as the appropriate price Ps ( S507). In the demand curve 21 of FIG. 10, the price P corresponding to the control amount Qs is the appropriate price Ps. The price signal transmission unit 217 transmits the appropriate price Ps as a price signal to all the power storage devices 10 (power storage agents 11) (S508).

== Effects of this power system ==
As described above, according to the power system of the present embodiment, the server 20 can control the power storage device 10 only by giving a price signal to the power storage device 10. Therefore, it becomes possible to easily control the dispersed power storage devices 10.

  Further, according to the power system of the present embodiment, the server 20 obtains a demand curve based on the demand information acquired from the power storage device 10, and the price corresponding to the control amount Qs in the demand curve is determined as an appropriate price. it can. Therefore, since it is based on a demand curve, an appropriate price can be determined easily and appropriately.

  In addition, for example, when there are many power storage devices 10 that take a long time Tf to fully charge, the appropriate price Ps may become high. In such a case, the power purchase price does not easily exceed Ps. In the present embodiment, a situation in which the power purchase price simultaneously exceeds Ps when Tf becomes short and the total power consumption becomes excessively large (this situation is also referred to as a demand curve being saturated). According to the power system, the appropriate price Ps can be suppressed to the upper limit value Pm or less, so that saturation of the demand curve can be avoided.

  Further, according to the power system of the present embodiment, the power price Pm ′ in the current demand curve corresponding to the same power consumption amount as the power consumption amount Qm corresponding to the upper limit value Pm in the previous demand curve is the upper limit value. When the price rises above Pm and the power purchase price tends to remain high (that is, the demand curve is saturated), the upper limit price Pm can be lowered by increasing the ratio X. Thereby, saturation of the demand curve can be avoided.

  Moreover, according to the electric power system of this embodiment, the ratio X can be 50 or less. By setting the upper 50% value of the histogram of the power purchase price as the upper limit value, the demand curve will not be saturated. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the appropriate price from being lowered more than necessary.

  Moreover, according to the electric power system of this embodiment, the ratio X can be 30 or more. Since the demand curve will be saturated if the upper limit value Pm is raised by setting a very small ratio X, it is desirable to set the upper 30% value as the upper limit value.

  Further, according to the power system of the present embodiment, when the difference between PL and Qs is lower than the minimum load power Qmin, the difference is subtracted from Qmin to obtain the control amount Qs, so that the demand becomes Qmin. Can be controlled. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, when there is a period 61 and a period 62 in which the power supply amount fluctuates due to, for example, wind power generation or solar power generation, and the apparent demand PL0 decreases and falls below the minimum load power, The control amount Qs can be determined so that the power demand becomes the minimum load power Qmin during these periods. This makes it possible to maintain a supply-demand balance even when the amount of power supply varies due to wind power generation or solar power generation.

  Further, according to the power system of the present embodiment, the demand Qs of the controllable power storage device 10 can be adjusted with the target of the moving average PL ′ of the demand PL0 (difference between PL and Qs) of the non-control load. . Thereby, since the whole electric power demand PL can be smoothed, it becomes possible to suppress the peak of a demand and to operate a stable electric power system.

  In addition, according to the power system of the present embodiment, the power storage device 10 may determine whether to charge the storage battery 12 according to the comparison between the power price Ps indicated by the price signal and the power purchase price P. The charging control of the device 10 can be easily performed.

== Modification ==
In the present embodiment, the load to be controlled from the server 20 is the power storage device 10 that controls the charging of the storage battery 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any type can be used as long as it consumes power. Absent. For example, the load may be a heat storage device such as a water heater. In this case, the heat storage device is also provided with the same agent as the power storage agent 11, and the current heat storage amount is acquired as W in step S422 in FIG. 5 and is set to W in steps S406 and S407 in FIG. It is assumed that the start (S406) or the end (S407) is performed.

  In the present embodiment, the server 20 is installed in a substation of the power system and controls demand for each power system. However, one server 20 receives demand information from a plurality of power systems, One server 20 may transmit a price signal so as to adjust demands of a plurality of power systems. In this case, the demand information storage unit 231, the demand curve storage unit 232, the demand history storage unit 233, and the appropriate price storage unit 235 of the server 20 each have a demand information, a demand curve, a load current and a control amount, and an appropriate amount for each power system. The price is stored, the demand curve creation unit 212 creates a demand curve for each power system, the load current measurement unit 213 measures the load current for each power system, and the control amount determination unit 214 controls for each power system. The amount Qs is determined, the appropriate price determination unit 216 determines the power price corresponding to the control amount for the power system as the appropriate price from the demand curve for each power system, and the price signal transmission unit 217 The appropriate price is transmitted as a price signal only to the power storage device 10 corresponding to the power system.

  In the present embodiment, the appropriate price is the price signal, but the price signal may be a value corresponding to the appropriate price. For example, a price signal obtained by normalizing an appropriate price to a value between 0 and 1 may be used.

  In the present embodiment, the demand information includes the power purchase price and the power consumption per unit time. However, the demand information is not limited to this, for example, a function for obtaining power consumption according to the power purchase price, etc. Any relationship can be used as long as it represents the relationship between the power purchase price and the power consumption in the load, and a demand curve in the area can be created based on the relationship.

  In the present embodiment, the demand information is periodically transmitted to the server 20, but may be transmitted at an arbitrary timing. For example, demand information may be returned in response to a request from the server 20, or may be transmitted in response to an instruction from an operator.

  In the present embodiment, the price signal is transmitted from the server 20 and the power storage device 10 waits for this. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the price signal receiving unit 114 may be at any timing (for example, power storage information). May be transmitted to the server 20 (such as when an operator is registered or when an instruction is received from an operator), and the server 20 may receive a price signal responding to the request.

  In the present embodiment, charging is unconditionally performed if the price Ps indicated by the price signal is equal to or less than the power purchase price, but charging may not be performed if the battery is fully charged.

  In the present embodiment, the capacity Ts is calculated by dividing the capacity Ws by the power consumption Q. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and if the power consumption used for charging can be changed, the purchase can be made. In the case of a price signal cheaper than the electricity price, charging may be performed so that the amount of power consumption is larger. In this case, the power consumption for each price is transmitted to the server 20 as demand information.

  In the present embodiment, the supply function and the storage function (including the charge function and the discharge function) are functions for calculating the power generation amount or the charge / discharge amount by substituting the power price. Instead, it may be information indicating the relationship between the power price and the amount of power generation or charge / discharge. For example, the power generation amount or the charge / discharge amount may be managed in association with the power price for each predetermined unit amount (for example, any amount such as 1 yen, 5 yen, 10 yen, etc.).

  The supply function and the storage function (including the charge function and the discharge function) are information indicating the relationship between the power price, the power generation amount, and the charge / discharge amount, and the change in the power price and the change in the power generation amount / charge / discharge amount. Information indicating the price elasticity of the power generation amount or the charge / discharge amount.

  In the present embodiment, the total supply amount and the total charge amount for each power price are recorded as a table, and the supply curve and the demand curve are determined based on the table. For example, the power generation function and the storage function are equations. In this case, the supply function and the demand function can also be expressed by an equation. In this case, the intersection of the supply function and the demand function is calculated by using the equation. You may make it do.

  In the present embodiment, the power generation apparatus 10 includes the power generation agent 11 and the power generator 12. However, the power generation agent 11 and the power generator 12 may be provided as separate apparatuses. Similarly, the power storage agent 21 and the storage battery 22 may be provided as separate devices. One power generation agent 11 may control a plurality of generators 12 and one power storage agent 21 may control a plurality of storage batteries 22.

  In the present embodiment, the server 30 is a single computer, but may be realized by a plurality of computers. In this case, for example, one virtual computer may be realized by a plurality of computers, or a storage unit and a function unit may be distributed to a plurality of computers.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the above embodiment is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Power storage device 20 Server 111 Power storage information acquisition part 112 Electric power purchase price determination part 113 Demand information transmission part 114 Price signal reception part 115 Charge / discharge control part 131 Power storage information storage part 132 Price signal storage part 211 Demand information reception part 212 Demand curve creation Unit 213 load current measurement unit 214 control amount determination unit 215 upper limit value setting unit 216 appropriate price determination unit 217 price signal transmission unit 231 demand supply curve storage unit 232 demand curve storage unit 233 demand history storage unit 234 upper limit value storage unit 235 appropriate price Storage

Claims (7)

It is communicably connected to multiple load devices that consume power according to the electricity price,
A demand information acquisition unit that acquires demand information, which is information representing a relationship between the power price and the power consumption, from the load device;
A control amount determining unit that determines a control amount that is a target value of the total power consumption by the load device;
An upper limit storage unit for storing the upper limit of the electricity price;
A reasonable price determination unit that determines a power price according to the control amount based on the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit;
A price signal transmitting unit that transmits a price signal indicating the determined power price to the load device;
A load control device comprising: The load control device according to claim 1,
Further comprising an upper limit setting unit that determines, as the upper limit, the lowest price among those that fall within the upper predetermined ratio of the histogram, which is a distribution of the total power consumption for each power price, based on the demand information;
A load control device. The load control device according to claim 2,
The predetermined ratio is 50% or less;
A load control device. The load control device according to claim 1,
The appropriate price determination unit creates a demand curve representing a relationship between the power price and the total power consumption by the load device based on the demand information, and calculates the power price corresponding to the control amount in the demand curve. To decide,
A load control device. The load control device according to claim 4,
An upper limit setting unit that determines, as the upper limit, the lowest price that enters the first ratio from the top of the histogram of the power price based on the demand information;
An upper limit history storage unit for storing a predetermined number of the history of the upper limit;
A demand curve history storage unit for storing a predetermined number of the history of the demand curve;
Further comprising
The upper limit setting unit reads the previous upper limit value and the previous demand curve from the upper limit value history storage unit and the demand curve history storage unit, and corresponds to the previous upper limit value in the previous demand curve. When the power price corresponding to the previous control amount in the current demand curve is smaller than the determined upper limit value, it enters a second ratio that is smaller than the first ratio. Determining the minimum price as the upper limit,
A load control device. A computer that is communicably connected to a plurality of load devices that consume power according to the power price.
Obtaining demand information, which is information representing a relationship between the power price and the power consumption, from the load device;
Determining a control amount that is a target value of the total power consumption by the load device;
Storing an upper limit value of the power price;
Determining a power price according to the control amount based on the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit;
Transmitting a price signal indicating the determined power price to the load device;
A load control device characterized in that To a computer that is communicably connected to multiple load devices that consume power according to the power price,
Obtaining demand information, which is information representing a relationship between the power price and the power consumption, from the load device;
Determining a control amount that is a target value of the total power consumption by the load device;
Storing an upper limit value of the power price;
Determining a power price according to the control amount based on the demand information so as not to exceed the upper limit;
Transmitting a price signal indicating the determined power price to the load device;
A program for running

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