JP2015075389A - Photographic measurement plotting method and photographic measurement plotting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dissolve the problem encountered by prior art, and to this end, provide a photographic measurement plotting method, a photographic measurement plotting device, and a target for photographic measurement plotting which are plotting technique for reducing the labor of a CAD operator and cutting down plotting costs and for accurately reproducing a manufacture by suppressing human errors, and which enable automatic plotting by taking advantage of photographic measurement.SOLUTION: A photographic measurement plotting method according to the present invention comprises a pasting step, a photographing step, a coordinate acquisition step, and a diagram element acquisition step. Of these, the coordinate acquisition step acquires the coordinates of a measurement point on the basis of two or more photograph images, and the diagram element acquisition step acquires a diagram element at the measurement point from a measurement target taken of picture in the photograph image. The object to be measured is plotted in whole or part to a diagram on the basis of the coordinates of the measurement point and the diagram element.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for mapping the substance of a structure such as a bridge or a building, a product such as a vehicle or a ship, or a part constituting the product (hereinafter collectively referred to as a “product”). More specifically, the present invention relates to a photographic measurement mapping method, a photographic measurement mapping apparatus, and a photographic measurement mapping target that can be automatically plotted using photometry.

  The above-described product is usually created based on a design drawing. Therefore, originally, if the entity completed as a product is made into a drawing, it should be this design drawing. However, some products are not completed according to the design drawing. In this case, the design drawing is not a graphic representation of the product. In addition, there are cases where the design drawing is discarded after the product is completed, or there is a case where there is a product but the design drawing is not at hand. In such a case, in order to plot the product, it is necessary to measure the product and draw a new drawing based on the result.

  FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a situation in which the arrangement of anchor holes provided in a part of the bridge girder is illustrated. When placing such an anchor, it is usually designed with a fixed interval in both the vertical and horizontal directions. However, when the anchor hole is actually drilled, the arrangement is somewhat shifted. In order to create a component that matches the arrangement of the anchor holes, it is necessary to have a drawing that accurately reproduces the actual arrangement after accurately measuring it.

  Conventionally, when the arrangement of the anchor holes shown in FIG. 11 is plotted, the measurement is performed using a measuring instrument such as a steel tape or transit, and is plotted on the desk based on the result. Alternatively, when creating a component that matches the existing bolt hole arrangement, the actual size is traced by applying a sheet of a considerable size to the actual object, and the drawing is based on the traced sheet. As for the drawing method, a CAD (computer aided design) method has become the mainstream in recent years, and in addition to a two-dimensional CAD expressed in a plane, a three-dimensional CAD expressed in a three-dimensional manner is also frequently used. .

  Even if CAD is used, it is necessary to make a human judgment in order to plot the result of measuring the product. Specifically, a CAD operator inputs coordinates, and connects predetermined coordinates while looking at a photograph or a drawing (an input drawing drawn at the time of on-site measurement). Or a predetermined figure is input according to the measured dimension and angle. Therefore, the work of drawing a product having a complicated shape requires a great amount of labor, and so-called human error is likely to occur.

  Under such circumstances, there has been an urgent need for a plotting technique that reduces the labor of CAD operators and suppresses human errors. Therefore, several improvement techniques have been proposed so far, and for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a mapping technique using photo measurement.

JP 2002-163640 A

  Patent Document 1 is a method of obtaining a so-called stereo pair image obtained by photographing a target installed at a surveying site from different directions, and obtaining the coordinates of feature points using a photo measurement technique. In plotting, one of the stereo pair images is displayed as a layer, and an on-site overview map is created while the image is projected on the plotting layer. Then, when two specific points appearing in the image are designated, the coordinates of these two points are calculated from the stereo pair image, and are reflected in the overview as a line segment connecting the two points.

  According to this method, the surveying work at the site can be reduced and the work can be performed while checking the local photograph on the drawing monitor, so that human error can be reduced compared to the conventional method. However, the labor of the CAD operator is not improved so much, and since there are still many tasks based on human judgment, a significant improvement in human error cannot be expected. In particular, it is difficult to determine whether to connect two points as a straight line or as a curve with information only from a photograph. Furthermore, even if it is clear that the connection is made with a curve, it is extremely difficult to determine whether the connection is an arc or a spline. In the case of drawing with an arc, the figure is eventually drawn while inputting geometric information such as the center point and radius.

  The subject of the present invention is to solve the above problem, that is, a drawing technique that reduces the labor of the CAD operator to reduce the drawing cost and accurately reproduces the product while suppressing human error. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photographic measurement mapping method, a photographic measurement mapping device, and a photographic measurement mapping target that enable automatic mapping by using photo measurement.

  The invention of the present application pays attention to the fact that a target used for photo measurement is provided with information capable of acquiring a graphic element, and automatically maps based on the graphic element and coordinates obtained by photo measurement. It was developed with a focus on this point, and was based on an unconventional idea.

  The photometric plotting method of the present invention is a method including a pasting step, a photographing step, a coordinate acquisition step, and a graphic element acquisition step. Of these, the pasting step is a step of pasting the measurement target to the measurement point of the measurement object, the photographing step is a step of acquiring two or more photographic images including the measurement target, and the coordinate acquisition step is two or more photographs. In this step, the coordinates of the measurement point are acquired based on the image. In addition, the graphic element acquisition step is a step of acquiring a graphic element at a measurement point from a measurement target copied in a photographic image. Then, based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements, a part or all of the measurement object is plotted.

  The photometric plotting method of the present invention can also apply measurement targets to two or more measurement points in the application process. In this case, two or more photographic images are acquired for each measurement point in the photographing process, the coordinates of each measurement point are acquired in the coordinate acquisition process, and the graphic element at each measurement point is acquired in the graphic element acquisition process. get. The graphic element includes connection information between the linear element and other measurement points, and a part or all of the measurement object is plotted by connecting two or more measurement points based on the information. To do.

  The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention comprises coordinate acquisition means, graphic element acquisition means, and plotting means. Among these, the coordinate acquisition means calculates the coordinates based on two or more photographic images including the measurement target attached to the measurement point of the object, and the graphic element acquisition means is copied to the photographic image. The graphic element at the measurement point is acquired from the measurement target. Further, the plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements.

  The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention can also plot a single figure. The graphic element in this case is information for constructing a graphic based on the measurement point, and the plotting means displays a single graphic based on the measurement point based on the coordinates of the single measurement point and the graphic element. Turn into.

  The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention can also plot using two or more measurement points. The graphic element in this case includes connection information with linear elements and other measurement points, and the plotting means connects the measurement points based on the coordinates of the two or more measurement points and the graphic elements. Part or all of the measurement object is illustrated.

  The photometric plotting device of the present invention can also plot based on linear elements common to two measurement points. The graphic element in this case includes connection information with two or more other measurement points and two or more linear elements, and the plotting means is based on linear elements common to the two measurement points to be connected. By connecting these measurement points, a part or all of the measurement object is illustrated.

  The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention can also plot the figure by correcting the coordinates of the measurement points or adjusting the linear elements. The graphic element in this case includes a graphic identifier, and the plotting means sets the coordinates of these measurement points for a graphic composed of two or more measurement points having the same graphic identifier and the same linear element. A part or the whole of the measurement object is plotted by correcting or adjusting the linear elements and connecting them.

  In the photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention, the plotting means may have an intersection generation function. This intersection generation function creates two or more straight lines or curves formed based on measurement points, and obtains the coordinates of the intersection at which these two or more straight lines or curves intersect. In this case, the plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object based on the coordinates of the intersection, the coordinates of the measurement point, and the graphic element.

  The target for photographic measurement plotting of the present invention can be attached to a measurement point of a measurement object, and can be identified as a feature point in a photographic image taken to calculate the coordinates of the measurement point. A graphic element can be acquired from a feature. Then, based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the acquired graphic elements, a part or all of the measurement object can be plotted.

  The photometric plotting target of the present invention can also be provided with a display surface on which a plurality of constituent points are arranged. A specific graphic element can be acquired based on the arrangement pattern of the constituent points.

  The photometric plotting target of the present invention may be provided with a color or pattern corresponding to a graphic element.

The photographic measurement plotting method, photographic measurement plotting apparatus, and photographic measurement plotting target of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) A measurement target such as a product can be automatically plotted by attaching a predetermined photometric plotting target to a predetermined measurement point and acquiring a stereo pair image obtained by photographing the target. . Therefore, the labor of the CAD operator is remarkably reduced, and as a result, the cost for plotting can be greatly reduced.
(2) Although it is necessary to select a target having an appropriate graphic element when a target for photometric mapping is attached, it is not necessary to determine a graphic element or the like at the plotting stage. Therefore, human errors such as input mistakes by CAD operators are drastically improved, and as a result, accurate plotting can be realized.
(3) Since measurement can be performed simply by taking a photograph without using a special measurement device, the time and labor required for the work can be reduced, and the cost associated with the device can be reduced.

The flowchart explaining the photograph measurement plotting method of this invention. The block diagram which shows the photograph measurement plotting apparatus of this invention. (A) is a model figure which shows the measurement target of this invention which has a predetermined feature pattern, (b) is a model figure which shows the measurement target which has a characteristic pattern different from (a). (A) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose graphic type is “circle”, and (b) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic whose graphic type is “circle”. (A) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose graphic type is “square”, and (b) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic whose graphic type is “square”. The model figure which shows the continuous figure created based on the produced | generated intersection and measurement point. The model figure explaining the condition which illustrates a box-shaped measurement target object. (A) is a model diagram illustrating a situation in which a rectangular measurement object is illustrated, and (b) is a model diagram illustrating a situation in which a measurement object having a shape formed by combining two triangles is illustrated. The model figure explaining the production | generation of the continuous figure comprised including a different linear element. (A) is a model diagram for explaining a case where a linear continuous figure is generated by correcting coordinates, and (b) is a model diagram for explaining a case where a linear element is adjusted to generate a continuous arc figure. Explanatory drawing which shows the condition illustrated about arrangement | positioning of the anchor hole provided in a part of bridge girder.

  An example of an embodiment of a photographic measurement plotting method, a photographic measurement plotting apparatus, and a photographic measurement plotting target according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1. Overall Outline First, the overall outline of the present invention will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining the photometric plotting method of the present invention.

  First, a measurement point is selected from a product to be measured and plotted (hereinafter referred to as “measurement object”), and the measurement target of the present invention is pasted (Step 10). This measurement point is a point that constitutes the measurement object, and can be selected arbitrarily, but it extracts points that are easy to plot, such as points that constitute the outline of the measurement object and points that show a characteristic shape. It is desirable to use it as a measurement point.

  When a predetermined number of measurement targets are pasted, a photographic image of the measurement target is acquired (Step 20). At this time, at least two photographs are taken from different directions with respect to the same measurement target to obtain a so-called stereo image. Of course, three or more photographs may be taken at the same measurement point. When many images are obtained, the accuracy of external orientation described later is improved, that is, the coordinates of the measurement point can be obtained with high accuracy. This is preferable because it is possible. The acquired image is stored in the image storage means.

  Next, a predetermined image is read from the image storage means and displayed on a display means such as a display (Step 30). The displayed image is searched using a conventional image recognition technique, and a measurement target is automatically extracted (Step 40). Alternatively, it is possible to specify and extract a predetermined measurement target stored in the image while the operator confirms the display.

  When a predetermined measurement target is extracted, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point corresponding to the measurement target are calculated and output as coordinate data (Step 50). Further, the extracted image of the measurement target is recognized, a graphic element is detected from the feature pattern, and is output as graphic element data (Step 60).

  The processing of Step 30 to Step 60 is repeatedly performed for the number of measurement points necessary for plotting (loop), and coordinate data and graphic element data (hereinafter referred to as coordinate data and graphic element data are combined as “plotting”). Data ”).

  When the necessary data can be acquired, the plotting process is started. The plotting process will be described separately for a single graphic generated based on the graphic data of one measurement point and a continuous graphic generated based on the graphic data of two or more measurement points. When it is determined from the graphic element data that the measurement point is a single graphic, a process of generating a single graphic is performed. Specifically, a linear element included in the graphic element data is extracted (Step 71), and a single graphic is generated based on the linear element and the coordinate data (Step 72). Here, the linear element is information including a type of graphic (for example, a circle) and specifications (for example, radius) necessary for generating the graphic.

  If it can be determined from the graphic element data that the measurement point is a continuous graphic, a process of generating a continuous graphic is performed. In this case, a plurality of measurement points constituting one graphic can all have the same identifier (graphic identifier). Therefore, first, the graphic identifier of the measurement point is extracted (Step 81), and the graphic data of all measurement points having the graphic identifier is extracted (Step 82). Then, connection information (topology) between the linear elements of the respective measurement points and other points is extracted (Step 83), and a continuous figure is generated together with the coordinate data (Step 84).

  The plotting process is performed on all measurement points for which plotting data is created, and the result is output to a display, a printer, a storage medium, or the like (Step 90). The above-described photographic measurement plotting method of the present invention described above may be carried out using the photographic measurement plotting apparatus of the present invention described below.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the photometric plotting apparatus 100 of the present invention. Hereinafter, each means which comprises this photograph measurement plotting apparatus 100 is demonstrated. The image storage unit 101 stores a plurality of images containing measurement targets attached to a measurement object. The image read from the image storage unit 101 is displayed on the display unit 102 such as a display. Further, a measurement target is automatically extracted from this image by an image recognition technique. Alternatively, it is possible to specify and extract a predetermined measurement point (measurement target) with the measurement point specifying means 103 such as a mouse while checking the display screen. When the measurement point is extracted, the coordinate acquisition unit 104 extracts a stereo image including the measurement point, thereby calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point.

  The graphic element storage means 105 includes graphic element information such as graphic classification (single graphic / continuous graphic), linear element (graphic type and specification), connection information (topology), graphic identifier, and shapes associated with these information. A graphic element table composed of records made up of identifiers (IDs) is stored. When the measurement point is extracted, the graphic element acquisition unit 106 recognizes the image of the measurement target corresponding to the measurement point, detects the shape identifier from the feature pattern of the image, and further stores the graphic element based on the shape identifier. A graphic element is extracted from the means 105.

  The automatic plotting unit 107 generates a predetermined graphic based on the three-dimensional coordinate data of the measurement point calculated by the coordinate acquisition unit 104 and the graphic element data of the measurement point extracted by the graphic element acquisition unit 106. The plotting process is performed on all necessary measurement points, and the result is output to the output means 108 such as a display, a printer, or a storage medium.

  The photometric plotting apparatus 100 of the present invention can be manufactured as a dedicated one, but a general-purpose computer apparatus can also be used. This computer apparatus can be configured by a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC such as iPad (registered trademark), or a PDA (Personal Data Assistance). The computer apparatus includes a processor such as a CPU and a memory such as a ROM and a RAM, and further includes an input unit (measurement point designating unit 103) such as a mouse and a keyboard and a display (display unit 102). In addition, although it inputs from devices, such as a mouse | mouth and a keyboard, if it is a general PC, in tablet PC, it is the mainstream to input by operation (a tap, pinch in / out, a slide, etc.) using a touch panel.

  The photometric plotting device 100 of the present invention can be formed as a single device (for example, a computer device), but can also be formed separately for each constituent means. For example, the image storage means 101 and the graphic element storage means 105 may be separated from the other means, and the image storage means 101 and the graphic element storage means 105 may be stored in a database server, and the other means may be stored in a PC. In this case, communication means including transmission / reception means is required between the respective devices (database server and PC).

  Hereinafter, the “photo measurement mapping method, photo measurement mapping apparatus, and photo measurement mapping target” of the present invention will be described in detail for each major component.

2. FIG. 3 is a model diagram showing a measurement target 200 of the present invention, (a) is a model diagram having a predetermined feature pattern, and (b) has a feature pattern different from (a). It is a model figure. As shown in this figure, the measurement target 200 is substantially rectangular, and includes a plurality of identification constituent points 201 within a frame displayed therein, and a reference constituent point 202 at the corner of the frame. Further, since the measurement target 200 is affixed to the measurement object, it is desirable that the measurement target 200 is light and small in size so that it does not peel off after application, and a magnet or the like is provided on the back surface of the display surface (the surface on which the identification component point 201 is displayed). The adhesive material may be provided.

  There are several types of measurement targets 200, and the identification component points 201 are arranged in different arrangements for each type, and the arrangement pattern is associated with a specific shape identifier (ID associated with graphic element information). Yes. That is, as many types of measurement targets 200 as the number of records (the number of shape identifiers) constituting the graphic element table described above are prepared. The reference component point 202 is used for grasping the correct arrangement of the identification component points 201. With the reference component point 202, the identification component point 201 is correct regardless of the orientation of the measurement target 200. The sequence can be recognized.

  When the measurement target 200 is affixed, it is affixed while judging the characteristics of the shape of the measurement object. For example, a measurement target 200 for a straight line is pasted if the measurement point is a straight line, and a measurement target 200 for a circular arc is pasted if the measurement point is a circular arc. However, in the case of a person, it is difficult to determine whether the identification component points 201 are for a straight line or a curve. Therefore, the discrimination mark 203 can be displayed as shown in FIG. A color, a pattern, a symbol, or the like is attached to the discrimination mark 203, and an appropriate type of measurement target 200 can be selected based on the difference. Instead of providing the discrimination mark 203, the measurement target 200 is easy to select an appropriate type by adding a color or pattern to the entire measurement target 200, changing the shape of the measurement target 200, or other various methods. Also good.

  The measurement target 200 of the present invention can be identified in a photographic image, and if a specific shape identifier can be extracted by a feature pattern recognized from the image, the measurement target 200 shown in FIG. It can be formed with various specifications.

4). Coordinate acquisition unit The coordinate acquisition unit 104 calculates three-dimensional coordinates of a predetermined measurement point, and performs a spatial operation using two stereo pair images including the measurement point. The measurement point is photographed with a digital camera or a camera provided in a portable terminal such as a tablet PC. At this time, the digital camera or the like is photographed from an arbitrary position and direction without being fixed. That is, the external orientation elements (shooting center and shooting posture) of the stereo pair image are unknown.

  Therefore, a plurality of feature points (pass points) common to the stereo pair images are extracted, and external orientation elements are obtained so that the coordinates of the feature points obtained from the images match (approximate). This method is a so-called aerial triangulation analysis method and is a method for obtaining an external orientation element by adjustment calculation (bundle adjustment method, polynomial method, independent model method, etc.). Therefore, the coordinates of the measurement point calculated here are three-dimensional coordinates composed of a plane position and a height (x, y, z).

3. Graphic Element Acquisition Unit The graphic element acquisition unit 106 recognizes a feature pattern (array pattern of identification constituent points 201) from an image of the measurement target 200, and detects a shape identifier associated with the feature pattern. That is, the graphic element acquisition unit 106 associates a specific shape identifier with the measurement point in the image. As a result, the measurement point includes graphic elements such as graphic segments, linear elements, connection information, and graphic identifiers associated with the shape identifiers.

  The feature pattern of the measurement target 200 needs to be associated with a specific shape identifier in advance. Therefore, feature pattern information can be provided as one element of a record in the graphic element table described above. Alternatively, a correspondence table of feature patterns and shape identifiers of the measurement target 200 can be prepared separately.

4). Automatic plotting means The automatic plotting means 107 generates a single graphic or a continuous graphic based on the graphic classification among the graphic elements acquired by the graphic element acquisition means 106. In addition, the figure classification indicates a single figure or a continuous figure, and as described above, a single figure is generated based on the graphic data of one measurement point, and a continuous figure consists of two or more measurement points. It is generated based on the diagram data.

(Generate a single figure)
If it can be determined that the measurement point constitutes a single graphic by the acquired graphic classification, the automatic plotting means 107 starts a single graphic generation process. In this case, the graphic element of the measurement point includes a linear element in addition to the graphic segment. Further, the linear element includes information necessary for generating a single graphic, and this information includes at least the graphic type and graphic specifications. A single figure is generated by adding the coordinates of the measurement points acquired by the coordinate acquisition means 104 to this linear element. Since the single figure generated here is a two-dimensional figure, it is necessary to set a plane for representing the single figure. This plane can be arbitrarily set. For example, an XZ plane or a YZ plane including a measurement point can be set as the plane based on the axis of the coordinate system.

  FIG. 4A is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose figure type is “circle”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is circular, the center of the circle is selected as a measurement point, and the measurement target 200 is pasted. The characteristic pattern of the measurement target 200 is associated with a graphic element whose graphic section is a single graphic, a linear element whose shape is “circle”, and whose radius is 15 cm.

  The automatic plotting means 107 plots based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements, and generates a circle with a radius of 15 cm centered on the measurement points. If there is information about a circle with a radius of 15 cm in the graphic element table, the measurement target 200 corresponding to the shape identifier can be attached. On the other hand, when there is no information that matches the actual size (radius = 15 cm) in the graphic element table, the measurement target 200 with no radius set is pasted, and the measured radius (15 cm) is added to the corresponding part of the graphic element table later. You can also.

  FIG. 5A is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose figure type is “square”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is a square, the center of the square is selected as a measurement point, and the measurement target 200 is pasted. The characteristic pattern of the measurement target 200 is associated with a graphic element whose graphic section is a single graphic, whose shape is “square” as a linear element, and whose diagonal is 30 cm. The automatic plotting means 107 plots based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements, and generates a square of 15 cm from the center to each vertex with the measurement points as the center. Note that the squares in FIG. 5 are vertical and horizontal postures, but in the case of an inclined square, the measurement target 200 is attached according to the inclination, or an inclination angle is prepared as a linear element.

(Continuous figure generation)
If it can be determined that the measurement points constitute a continuous graphic based on the acquired graphic classification, the automatic plotting means 107 starts a continuous graphic generation process. In this case, the graphic element of the measurement point can include a linear element, a graphic identifier, and connection information in addition to the graphic segment. Further, the linear element includes information necessary for generating a continuous graphic, and this information includes at least a graphic type. By adding the coordinates of the measurement points acquired by the coordinate acquisition means 104 to this graphic element, a continuous graphic is generated.

  Since all measurement points constituting one continuous graphic can have the same graphic identifier, first, a measurement point having the same graphic identifier as the graphic identifier included in the extracted measurement point is selected. Then, connection information, linear elements, and three-dimensional coordinates are acquired for all selected measurement points (that is, all measurement points constituting the continuous graphic). The connection information is a so-called topology in a network formed from a plurality of measurement points. For example, the connection information can be composed of information such as a start point, an end point, and an intermediate point, and the order of connection. Alternatively, a combination of measurement points to be connected, that is, information on other measurement points to which the measurement points should be connected may be provided. In addition, when the information of the other measurement points to be connected is provided, the provision of the graphic identifier can be omitted.

  FIG. 4B is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic having a graphic type of “circle”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is a circle, three points on the circle are selected as measurement points, and measurement targets 210, 220, and 230 are pasted, respectively. To do. The three measurement targets 210, 220, and 230 all have the same graphic identifier, and have information that the shape is “circle” as a linear element. Since the three measurement points shown in FIG. 4B are all on the same plane, a circle can be generated if there are coordinates of the three points.

  FIG. 5B is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic having a graphic type of “square”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is a square, each vertex of the square is selected as a measurement point, and measurement targets 240 to 270 are pasted respectively. The four measurement targets 240 to 270 are all the same graphic identifier, and have information that the shape is “square” as a linear element. The measurement target 240 also includes information on the start point and the end point, and the measurement targets 240 to 270 also include information on the connection order (first, second, third, and fourth), respectively.

  Moreover, a continuous figure can be created using the intersections generated in addition to the measurement points. FIG. 6 is a model diagram showing a continuous graphic created by this method. P01 to P06 shown in this figure are measurement points to which the measurement target 200 is attached. Although the measurement target 200 affixed to these P01 to P06 has information that the shape is “quadrature” as a linear element, since there are six measurement points, it is not possible to have all of them as vertices. In this case, an intersection is generated using the intersection generation function of the automatic plotting means 107, and a rectangle is created by setting this intersection as a vertex. Specifically, a straight line L1 passing through the measurement points P01 and P02 is formed, and similarly, a straight line L2 passing through the measurement points P03 and P04 and a straight line L3 passing through the measurement points P05 and P06 are formed. Further, the coordinates of the intersection C1 where the straight lines L1 and L2 intersect and the coordinates of the intersection C2 where the straight lines L1 and L3 intersect are obtained. Then, a quadrangle having vertexes at the intersection C1, the intersection C2, the measurement point P04, and the measurement point P06 is created. Note that, here, the case where the straight line and the straight line intersect has been described, but a point where the straight line and the curved line intersect can be set as the intersection point, or a point where the curved line and the curved line intersect can be used as the intersection point.

  FIG. 7 is a model diagram illustrating a situation in which a box-shaped measurement object is illustrated. The entire measurement object shown in this figure has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, an arc-shaped groove is carved on the upper surface, and a circular component is attached to the front surface. Then, the measurement target 200 is attached to each vertex of the rectangular parallelepiped, three points on the arc-shaped groove, and one point on the center of the circular part. When this is photographed, the coordinates of each measurement point are calculated, and plotted based on the image of the measurement target 200, the drawing shown at the bottom of FIG. 7 is obtained. At this time, the rectangular parallelepiped and the arc-shaped groove are generated as a continuous graphic, and the circular part is generated as a single graphic. As can be seen from this figure, the created drawing is a three-dimensional drawing. Of course, this three-dimensional drawing can be projected onto an arbitrary plane to create a two-dimensional drawing.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining connection information for connecting measurement points, (a) is a model diagram for explaining a situation in which a rectangular measurement object is illustrated, and (b) is a combination of two triangles. It is a model figure explaining the condition which illustrates the shape measurement object. FIG. 8A shows a quadrangle composed of four points P11 to P14. As connection information in the case of plotting such a shape, for example, P11 includes connection information such as a start point and an end point. If P11 to P14 have connection information in the order of connection (first, second, third, fourth), this diagram can be generated.

  On the other hand, the shape shown in FIG. 8B is a shape in which a diagonal line (P12-P14) is added to the quadrangle shown in FIG. 8A, and the connection includes only the start point and end point information and the connection order. With information, it is difficult to generate this figure. In such a case, it is set as connection information including information on a combination of measurement points to be connected, that is, other measurement points to which the measurement points are to be connected. For example, in the case of FIG. 8B, P11 has connection information that the other points to be connected are P12 and P14, and P12 has connection information that the other points to be connected are P11, P13, and P14. Similarly, P13 has connection information that P12 and P14 are connected, and P14 is connected to P11 to P13. With such connection information, it is possible to plot a measurement object without providing information such as a start point, an end point, and an intermediate point, and information such as a connection order.

  FIG. 9 is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic including different linear elements. The shape of the measurement object shown in this figure is generally a sector shape formed from an arc and a straight line (line segment). Specifically, P21 to P22 to P23 are connected by an arc, and the line segment P21-P24 and the line segment P23-P24 are straight lines. P21 includes information connected to P22 and P24 as connection information, and P22 includes information connected to P21 and P23 as connection information. Further, P21 and P23 have graphic types of “arc” and “straight line” as linear elements, P22 has a graphic type of “arc”, and P24 has a graphic type of “straight line”.

  P21 is connected to P22 and connected to P24, but has two different graphic types (linear elements) of “arc” and “straight line”, so two connection methods are conceivable. On the other hand, P22 has only the graphic type “arc”, and P24 has only the graphic type “straight line”. Therefore, when connecting P21 and P22, it connects with "arc" which is a graphic type common to P21 and P22, and when connecting P21 and P24, it is "straight line" which is a graphic type common to P21 and P24. Connect with. Similarly, when P23 and P22 are connected, they are connected by an “arc” common to P23 and P22, and when P23 and P24 are connected, they are connected by a “straight line” common to P23 and P24. As a result, a continuous figure including different linear elements as shown in FIG. 9 can also be appropriately illustrated.

  FIGS. 10A and 10B are model diagrams for explaining the case where the coordinates of the measurement points are corrected to generate a continuous figure, where FIG. 10A shows the case where the continuous figure is a straight line, and FIG. 10B shows the case where the continuous figure is a circular arc. is there. FIG. 10A shows a shape in which P31 is the start point, P36 is the end point, and P32 to P35 are intermediate points, and they are all connected in a straight line. The actual measurement object is the same straight line L31 (indicated by a solid line in the figure) from P31 to P36, but is illustrated as a broken line L32 (indicated by a broken line in the figure) composed of five different line segments due to a coordinate error or the like. Has been.

  In such a case, the shape of the actual measurement object can be corrected. Specifically, it is specified that P31 to P36 are all on the same straight line, and a straight line L31 is calculated so that the distance from each measurement point is minimized. Such a straight line can be obtained by, for example, the least square method.

  The solid line L41 shown in FIG. 10B is the actual shape of the measurement object, and is an arc shape that passes through P41, P42, and P43. One broken line L42 has the illustrated shape and does not pass through P41 and P43. This is a case where the measurement point deviates from the arc due to the measurement error of the arc radius, although the arc radius information is provided as a linear element. That is, although the coordinates of the measurement point are accurate, as a result of fixing the arc radius (curvature) with an incorrect value, some of the three points deviated from the arc. In such a case, priority can be given to the coordinates of the three points, and the arc radius can be adjusted and plotted as a solid line L41 that is an actual measurement object.

  The photographic measurement plotting method, the photographic measurement plotting apparatus, and the photographic measurement plotting target of the present invention can be used for plotting civil engineering structures, building structures, or various industrial products. In addition, it can be applied to the plotting of various objects with shapes such as land shape (land, etc.) and indoor floor plan.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Photographic measurement plotting apparatus 101 Image storage means 102 Display means 103 Measurement point designation means 104 Coordinate acquisition means 105 Graphic element storage means 106 Graphic element acquisition means 107 Automatic mapping means 108 Output means 200 Measurement target 201 Identification component point 202 Reference Component point 203 Identification mark

  The present invention relates to a technique for mapping the substance of a structure such as a bridge or a building, a product such as a vehicle or a ship, or a part constituting the product (hereinafter collectively referred to as a “product”). More specifically, the present invention relates to a photographic measurement mapping method, a photographic measurement mapping apparatus, and a photographic measurement mapping target that can be automatically plotted using photometry.

  The above-described product is usually created based on a design drawing. Therefore, originally, if the entity completed as a product is made into a drawing, it should be this design drawing. However, some products are not completed according to the design drawing. In this case, the design drawing is not a graphic representation of the product. In addition, there are cases where the design drawing is discarded after the product is completed, or there is a case where there is a product but the design drawing is not at hand. In such a case, in order to plot the product, it is necessary to measure the product and draw a new drawing based on the result.

  FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a situation in which the arrangement of anchor holes provided in a part of the bridge girder is illustrated. When placing such an anchor, it is usually designed with a fixed interval in both the vertical and horizontal directions. However, when the anchor hole is actually drilled, the arrangement is somewhat shifted. In order to create a component that matches the arrangement of the anchor holes, it is necessary to have a drawing that accurately reproduces the actual arrangement after accurately measuring it.

  Conventionally, when the arrangement of the anchor holes shown in FIG. 11 is plotted, the measurement is performed using a measuring instrument such as a steel tape or transit, and is plotted on the desk based on the result. Alternatively, when creating a component that matches the existing bolt hole arrangement, the actual size is traced by applying a sheet of a considerable size to the actual object, and the drawing is based on the traced sheet. As for the drawing method, a CAD (computer aided design) method has become the mainstream in recent years, and in addition to a two-dimensional CAD expressed in a plane, a three-dimensional CAD expressed in a three-dimensional manner is also frequently used. .

  Even if CAD is used, it is necessary to make a human judgment in order to plot the result of measuring the product. Specifically, a CAD operator inputs coordinates, and connects predetermined coordinates while looking at a photograph or a drawing (an input drawing drawn at the time of on-site measurement). Or a predetermined figure is input according to the measured dimension and angle. Therefore, the work of drawing a product having a complicated shape requires a great amount of labor, and so-called human error is likely to occur.

  Under such circumstances, there has been an urgent need for a plotting technique that reduces the labor of CAD operators and suppresses human errors. Therefore, several improvement techniques have been proposed so far, and for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a mapping technique using photo measurement.

JP 2002-163640 A

  Patent Document 1 is a method of obtaining a so-called stereo pair image obtained by photographing a target installed at a surveying site from different directions, and obtaining the coordinates of feature points using a photo measurement technique. In plotting, one of the stereo pair images is displayed as a layer, and an on-site overview map is created while the image is projected on the plotting layer. Then, when two specific points appearing in the image are designated, the coordinates of these two points are calculated from the stereo pair image, and are reflected in the overview as a line segment connecting the two points.

  According to this method, the surveying work at the site can be reduced and the work can be performed while checking the local photograph on the drawing monitor, so that human error can be reduced compared to the conventional method. However, the labor of the CAD operator is not improved so much, and since there are still many tasks based on human judgment, a significant improvement in human error cannot be expected. In particular, it is difficult to determine whether to connect two points as a straight line or as a curve with information only from a photograph. Furthermore, even if it is clear that the connection is made with a curve, it is extremely difficult to determine whether the connection is an arc or a spline. In the case of drawing with an arc, the figure is eventually drawn while inputting geometric information such as the center point and radius.

  The subject of the present invention is to solve the above problem, that is, a drawing technique that reduces the labor of the CAD operator to reduce the drawing cost and accurately reproduces the product while suppressing human error. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photographic measurement mapping method, a photographic measurement mapping device, and a photographic measurement mapping target that enable automatic mapping by using photo measurement.

  The invention of the present application pays attention to the fact that a target used for photo measurement is provided with information capable of acquiring a graphic element, and automatically maps based on the graphic element and coordinates obtained by photo measurement. It was developed with a focus on this point, and was based on an unconventional idea.

The photometric plotting method of the present invention is a method including a pasting step, a photographing step, a coordinate acquiring step, a graphic element acquiring step , and a plotting step . Of these, the pasting step is a step of pasting the measurement target to the measurement point of the measurement object, the photographing step is a step of acquiring two or more photographic images including the measurement target, and the coordinate acquisition step is two or more photographs. In this step, the coordinates of the measurement point are acquired based on the image. In addition, the graphic element acquisition step is a step of acquiring a graphic element at a measurement point from a measurement target copied in a photographic image. In the plotting step , a part or all of the measurement object is plotted based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements. The graphic element is information for constructing a graphic based on the measurement point, and in the drawing process, a single graphic based on the measurement point is plotted based on the coordinates of the single measurement point and the graphic element. Turn into.

The photometric plotting method of the present invention can also apply measurement targets to two or more measurement points in the application process. In this case, two or more photographic images are acquired for each measurement point in the photographing process, the coordinates of each measurement point are acquired in the coordinate acquisition process, and the graphic element at each measurement point is acquired in the graphic element acquisition process. get. In this case, the graphic element includes connection information between the linear element (including the shape type) and other measurement points . In the plotting step, a part or all of the measurement object is plotted by connecting two or more measurement points based on these pieces of information.

The photometric plotting method of the present invention can also be implemented using the following measurement target. That is, this measurement target can be attached to a measurement point, can be identified as a feature point in a photographic image, and a graphic element can be acquired from the image feature.

The photometric plotting method of the present invention can also be implemented using the following measurement target. That is, the measurement target includes a display surface on which a plurality of constituent points are arranged, and a specific graphic element can be acquired based on the arrangement pattern of the constituent points.

The photometric plotting method of the present invention can also be implemented using the following measurement target. That is, this measurement target is provided with a color or pattern according to a graphic element.

The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention comprises coordinate acquisition means, graphic element acquisition means, and plotting means. Among these, the coordinate acquisition means calculates the coordinates based on two or more photographic images including the measurement target attached to the measurement point of the object, and the graphic element acquisition means is copied to the photographic image. The graphic element at the measurement point is acquired from the measurement target. Further, the plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements. The graphic element is information for constructing a graphic based on the measurement point, and the plotting means charts a single graphic based on the measurement point based on the coordinates of the single measurement point and the graphic element. .

The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention can also plot using two or more measurement points. The graphic element in this case includes a linear element (including the type of shape) and connection information with other measurement points, and the plotting means measures the measurement points based on the coordinates of the two or more measurement points and the graphic elements. A part or the whole of the measurement object is illustrated by connecting them.

  The photometric plotting device of the present invention can also plot based on linear elements common to two measurement points. The graphic element in this case includes connection information with two or more other measurement points and two or more linear elements, and the plotting means is based on linear elements common to the two measurement points to be connected. By connecting these measurement points, a part or all of the measurement object is illustrated.

  The photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention can also plot the figure by correcting the coordinates of the measurement points or adjusting the linear elements. The graphic element in this case includes a graphic identifier, and the plotting means sets the coordinates of these measurement points for a graphic composed of two or more measurement points having the same graphic identifier and the same linear element. A part or the whole of the measurement object is plotted by correcting or adjusting the linear elements and connecting them.

  In the photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention, the plotting means may have an intersection generation function. This intersection generation function creates two or more straight lines or curves formed based on measurement points, and obtains the coordinates of the intersection at which these two or more straight lines or curves intersect. In this case, the plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object based on the coordinates of the intersection, the coordinates of the measurement point, and the graphic element.

As described above, the measurement target for photographic measurement plotting used in the present invention can be attached to the measurement point of the object, and is characteristic in the photographic image taken to calculate the coordinates of the measurement point. It can be identified as a point, and a graphic element can be obtained from the image feature. Then, based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the acquired graphic elements, a part or all of the measurement object can be plotted. The measurement target may be provided with a display surface on which a plurality of constituent points are arranged, and a specific graphic element can be acquired based on the arrangement pattern of the constituent points. Further, the measurement target may be provided with a color or pattern corresponding to a graphic element.

The photometric plotting method and the photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) A measurement target such as a product can be automatically plotted by attaching a predetermined photometric plotting target to a predetermined measurement point and acquiring a stereo pair image obtained by photographing the target. . Therefore, the labor of the CAD operator is remarkably reduced, and as a result, the cost for plotting can be greatly reduced.
(2) Although it is necessary to select a target having an appropriate graphic element when a target for photometric mapping is attached, it is not necessary to determine a graphic element or the like at the plotting stage. Therefore, human errors such as input mistakes by CAD operators are drastically improved, and as a result, accurate plotting can be realized.
(3) Since measurement can be performed simply by taking a photograph without using a special measurement device, the time and labor required for the work can be reduced, and the cost associated with the device can be reduced.

The flowchart explaining the photograph measurement plotting method of this invention. The block diagram which shows the photograph measurement plotting apparatus of this invention. (A) is a model figure which shows the measurement target of this invention which has a predetermined feature pattern, (b) is a model figure which shows the measurement target which has a characteristic pattern different from (a). (A) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose graphic type is “circle”, and (b) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic whose graphic type is “circle”. (A) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose graphic type is “square”, and (b) is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic whose graphic type is “square”. The model figure which shows the continuous figure created based on the produced | generated intersection and measurement point. The model figure explaining the condition which illustrates a box-shaped measurement target object. (A) is a model diagram illustrating a situation in which a rectangular measurement object is illustrated, and (b) is a model diagram illustrating a situation in which a measurement object having a shape formed by combining two triangles is illustrated. The model figure explaining the production | generation of the continuous figure comprised including a different linear element. (A) is a model diagram for explaining a case where a linear continuous figure is generated by correcting coordinates, and (b) is a model diagram for explaining a case where a linear element is adjusted to generate a continuous arc figure. Explanatory drawing which shows the condition illustrated about arrangement | positioning of the anchor hole provided in a part of bridge girder.

  An example of an embodiment of a photographic measurement plotting method and a photographic measurement plotting apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1. Overall Outline First, the overall outline of the present invention will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining the photometric plotting method of the present invention.

  First, a measurement point is selected from a product to be measured and plotted (hereinafter referred to as “measurement object”), and the measurement target of the present invention is pasted (Step 10). This measurement point is a point that constitutes the measurement object, and can be selected arbitrarily, but it extracts points that are easy to plot, such as points that constitute the outline of the measurement object and points that show a characteristic shape. It is desirable to use it as a measurement point.

  When a predetermined number of measurement targets are pasted, a photographic image of the measurement target is acquired (Step 20). At this time, at least two photographs are taken from different directions with respect to the same measurement target to obtain a so-called stereo image. Of course, three or more photographs may be taken at the same measurement point. When many images are obtained, the accuracy of external orientation described later is improved, that is, the coordinates of the measurement point can be obtained with high accuracy. This is preferable because it is possible. The acquired image is stored in the image storage means.

  Next, a predetermined image is read from the image storage means and displayed on a display means such as a display (Step 30). The displayed image is searched using a conventional image recognition technique, and a measurement target is automatically extracted (Step 40). Alternatively, it is possible to specify and extract a predetermined measurement target stored in the image while the operator confirms the display.

  When a predetermined measurement target is extracted, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point corresponding to the measurement target are calculated and output as coordinate data (Step 50). Further, the extracted image of the measurement target is recognized, a graphic element is detected from the feature pattern, and is output as graphic element data (Step 60).

  The processing of Step 30 to Step 60 is repeatedly performed for the number of measurement points necessary for plotting (loop), and coordinate data and graphic element data (hereinafter referred to as coordinate data and graphic element data are combined as “plotting”). Data ”).

  When the necessary data can be acquired, the plotting process is started. The plotting process will be described separately for a single graphic generated based on the graphic data of one measurement point and a continuous graphic generated based on the graphic data of two or more measurement points. When it is determined from the graphic element data that the measurement point is a single graphic, a process of generating a single graphic is performed. Specifically, a linear element included in the graphic element data is extracted (Step 71), and a single graphic is generated based on the linear element and the coordinate data (Step 72). Here, the linear element is information including a type of graphic (for example, a circle) and specifications (for example, radius) necessary for generating the graphic.

  If it can be determined from the graphic element data that the measurement point is a continuous graphic, a process of generating a continuous graphic is performed. In this case, a plurality of measurement points constituting one graphic can all have the same identifier (graphic identifier). Therefore, first, the graphic identifier of the measurement point is extracted (Step 81), and the graphic data of all measurement points having the graphic identifier is extracted (Step 82). Then, connection information (topology) between the linear elements of the respective measurement points and other points is extracted (Step 83), and a continuous figure is generated together with the coordinate data (Step 84).

  The plotting process is performed on all measurement points for which plotting data is created, and the result is output to a display, a printer, a storage medium, or the like (Step 90). The above-described photographic measurement plotting method of the present invention described above may be carried out using the photographic measurement plotting apparatus of the present invention described below.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the photometric plotting apparatus 100 of the present invention. Hereinafter, each means which comprises this photograph measurement plotting apparatus 100 is demonstrated. The image storage unit 101 stores a plurality of images containing measurement targets attached to a measurement object. The image read from the image storage unit 101 is displayed on the display unit 102 such as a display. Further, a measurement target is automatically extracted from this image by an image recognition technique. Alternatively, it is possible to specify and extract a predetermined measurement point (measurement target) with the measurement point specifying means 103 such as a mouse while checking the display screen. When the measurement point is extracted, the coordinate acquisition unit 104 extracts a stereo image including the measurement point, thereby calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement point.

  The graphic element storage means 105 includes graphic element information such as graphic classification (single graphic / continuous graphic), linear element (graphic type and specification), connection information (topology), graphic identifier, and shapes associated with these information. A graphic element table composed of records made up of identifiers (IDs) is stored. When the measurement point is extracted, the graphic element acquisition unit 106 recognizes the image of the measurement target corresponding to the measurement point, detects the shape identifier from the feature pattern of the image, and further stores the graphic element based on the shape identifier. A graphic element is extracted from the means 105.

  The automatic plotting unit 107 generates a predetermined graphic based on the three-dimensional coordinate data of the measurement point calculated by the coordinate acquisition unit 104 and the graphic element data of the measurement point extracted by the graphic element acquisition unit 106. The plotting process is performed on all necessary measurement points, and the result is output to the output means 108 such as a display, a printer, or a storage medium.

  The photometric plotting apparatus 100 of the present invention can be manufactured as a dedicated one, but a general-purpose computer apparatus can also be used. This computer apparatus can be configured by a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC such as iPad (registered trademark), or a PDA (Personal Data Assistance). The computer apparatus includes a processor such as a CPU and a memory such as a ROM and a RAM, and further includes an input unit (measurement point designating unit 103) such as a mouse and a keyboard and a display (display unit 102). In addition, although it inputs from devices, such as a mouse | mouth and a keyboard, if it is a general PC, in tablet PC, it is the mainstream to input by operation (a tap, pinch in / out, a slide, etc.) using a touch panel.

  The photometric plotting device 100 of the present invention can be formed as a single device (for example, a computer device), but can also be formed separately for each constituent means. For example, the image storage means 101 and the graphic element storage means 105 may be separated from the other means, and the image storage means 101 and the graphic element storage means 105 may be stored in a database server, and the other means may be stored in a PC. In this case, communication means including transmission / reception means is required between the respective devices (database server and PC).

  Hereinafter, the “photo measurement mapping method, photo measurement mapping apparatus, and photo measurement mapping target” of the present invention will be described in detail for each major component.

2. FIG. 3 is a model diagram showing a measurement target 200 of the present invention, (a) is a model diagram having a predetermined feature pattern, and (b) has a feature pattern different from (a). It is a model figure. As shown in this figure, the measurement target 200 is substantially rectangular, and includes a plurality of identification constituent points 201 within a frame displayed therein, and a reference constituent point 202 at the corner of the frame. Further, since the measurement target 200 is affixed to the measurement object, it is desirable that the measurement target 200 is light and small in size so that it does not peel off after application, and a magnet or the like is provided on the back surface of the display surface (the surface on which the identification component point 201 is displayed). The adhesive material may be provided.

  There are several types of measurement targets 200, and the identification component points 201 are arranged in different arrangements for each type, and the arrangement pattern is associated with a specific shape identifier (ID associated with graphic element information). Yes. That is, as many types of measurement targets 200 as the number of records (the number of shape identifiers) constituting the graphic element table described above are prepared. The reference component point 202 is used for grasping the correct arrangement of the identification component points 201. With the reference component point 202, the identification component point 201 is correct regardless of the orientation of the measurement target 200. The sequence can be recognized.

  When the measurement target 200 is affixed, it is affixed while judging the characteristics of the shape of the measurement object. For example, a measurement target 200 for a straight line is pasted if the measurement point is a straight line, and a measurement target 200 for a circular arc is pasted if the measurement point is a circular arc. However, in the case of a person, it is difficult to determine whether the arrangement pattern of the identification component points 201 is for a straight line or a curve. Therefore, the discrimination mark 203 can be displayed as shown in FIG. A color, a pattern, a symbol, or the like is attached to the discrimination mark 203, and an appropriate type of measurement target 200 can be selected based on the difference. Instead of providing the discrimination mark 203, the measurement target 200 is easy to select an appropriate type by adding a color or pattern to the entire measurement target 200, changing the shape of the measurement target 200, or other various methods. Also good.

  The measurement target 200 of the present invention can be identified in a photographic image, and if a specific shape identifier can be extracted by a feature pattern recognized from the image, the measurement target 200 shown in FIG. It can be formed with various specifications.

4). Coordinate acquisition unit The coordinate acquisition unit 104 calculates three-dimensional coordinates of a predetermined measurement point, and performs a spatial operation using two stereo pair images including the measurement point. The measurement point is photographed with a digital camera or a camera provided in a portable terminal such as a tablet PC. At this time, the digital camera or the like is photographed from an arbitrary position and direction without being fixed. That is, the external orientation elements (shooting center and shooting posture) of the stereo pair image are unknown.

  Therefore, a plurality of feature points (pass points) common to the stereo pair images are extracted, and external orientation elements are obtained so that the coordinates of the feature points obtained from the images match (approximate). This method is a so-called aerial triangulation analysis method and is a method for obtaining an external orientation element by adjustment calculation (bundle adjustment method, polynomial method, independent model method, etc.). Therefore, the coordinates of the measurement point calculated here are three-dimensional coordinates composed of a plane position and a height (x, y, z).

3. Graphic Element Acquisition Unit The graphic element acquisition unit 106 recognizes a feature pattern (array pattern of identification constituent points 201) from an image of the measurement target 200, and detects a shape identifier associated with the feature pattern. That is, the graphic element acquisition unit 106 associates a specific shape identifier with the measurement point in the image. As a result, the measurement point includes graphic elements such as graphic segments, linear elements, connection information, and graphic identifiers associated with the shape identifiers.

  The feature pattern of the measurement target 200 needs to be associated with a specific shape identifier in advance. Therefore, feature pattern information can be provided as one element of a record in the graphic element table described above. Alternatively, a correspondence table of feature patterns and shape identifiers of the measurement target 200 can be prepared separately.

4). Automatic plotting means The automatic plotting means 107 generates a single graphic or a continuous graphic based on the graphic classification among the graphic elements acquired by the graphic element acquisition means 106. In addition, the figure classification indicates a single figure or a continuous figure, and as described above, a single figure is generated based on the graphic data of one measurement point, and a continuous figure consists of two or more measurement points. It is generated based on the diagram data.

(Generate a single figure)
If it can be determined that the measurement point constitutes a single graphic by the acquired graphic classification, the automatic plotting means 107 starts a single graphic generation process. In this case, the graphic element of the measurement point includes a linear element in addition to the graphic segment. Further, the linear element includes information necessary for generating a single graphic, and this information includes at least the graphic type and graphic specifications. A single figure is generated by adding the coordinates of the measurement points acquired by the coordinate acquisition means 104 to this linear element. Since the single figure generated here is a two-dimensional figure, it is necessary to set a plane for representing the single figure. This plane can be arbitrarily set. For example, an XZ plane or a YZ plane including a measurement point can be set as the plane based on the axis of the coordinate system.

  FIG. 4A is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose figure type is “circle”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is circular, the center of the circle is selected as a measurement point, and the measurement target 200 is pasted. The characteristic pattern of the measurement target 200 is associated with a graphic element whose graphic section is a single graphic, a linear element whose shape is “circle”, and whose radius is 15 cm.

  The automatic plotting means 107 plots based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements, and generates a circle with a radius of 15 cm centered on the measurement points. If there is information about a circle with a radius of 15 cm in the graphic element table, the measurement target 200 corresponding to the shape identifier can be attached. On the other hand, when there is no information that matches the actual size (radius = 15 cm) in the graphic element table, the measurement target 200 with no radius set is pasted, and the measured radius (15 cm) is added to the corresponding part of the graphic element table later. You can also.

  FIG. 5A is a model diagram for explaining generation of a single figure whose figure type is “square”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is a square, the center of the square is selected as a measurement point, and the measurement target 200 is pasted. The characteristic pattern of the measurement target 200 is associated with a graphic element whose graphic section is a single graphic, whose shape is “square” as a linear element, and whose diagonal is 30 cm. The automatic plotting means 107 plots based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the graphic elements, and generates a square of 15 cm from the center to each vertex with the measurement points as the center. Note that the squares in FIG. 5 are vertical and horizontal postures, but in the case of an inclined square, the measurement target 200 is attached according to the inclination, or an inclination angle is prepared as a linear element.

(Continuous figure generation)
If it can be determined that the measurement points constitute a continuous graphic based on the acquired graphic classification, the automatic plotting means 107 starts a continuous graphic generation process. In this case, the graphic element of the measurement point can include a linear element, a graphic identifier, and connection information in addition to the graphic segment. Further, the linear element includes information necessary for generating a continuous graphic, and this information includes at least a graphic type. By adding the coordinates of the measurement points acquired by the coordinate acquisition means 104 to this graphic element, a continuous graphic is generated.

  Since all measurement points constituting one continuous graphic can have the same graphic identifier, first, a measurement point having the same graphic identifier as the graphic identifier included in the extracted measurement point is selected. Then, connection information, linear elements, and three-dimensional coordinates are acquired for all selected measurement points (that is, all measurement points constituting the continuous graphic). The connection information is a so-called topology in a network formed from a plurality of measurement points. For example, the connection information can be composed of information such as a start point, an end point, and an intermediate point, and the order of connection. Alternatively, a combination of measurement points to be connected, that is, information on other measurement points to which the measurement points should be connected may be provided. In addition, when the information of the other measurement points to be connected is provided, the provision of the graphic identifier can be omitted.

  FIG. 4B is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic having a graphic type of “circle”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is a circle, three points on the circle are selected as measurement points, and measurement targets 210, 220, and 230 are pasted, respectively. To do. The three measurement targets 210, 220, and 230 all have the same graphic identifier, and have information that the shape is “circle” as a linear element. Since the three measurement points shown in FIG. 4B are all on the same plane, a circle can be generated if there are coordinates of the three points.

  FIG. 5B is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic having a graphic type of “square”. As shown in this figure, when a part (or all) of the measurement object is a square, each vertex of the square is selected as a measurement point, and measurement targets 240 to 270 are pasted respectively. The four measurement targets 240 to 270 are all the same graphic identifier, and have information that the shape is “square” as a linear element. The measurement target 240 also includes information on the start point and the end point, and the measurement targets 240 to 270 also include information on the connection order (first, second, third, and fourth), respectively.

  Moreover, a continuous figure can be created using the intersections generated in addition to the measurement points. FIG. 6 is a model diagram showing a continuous graphic created by this method. P01 to P06 shown in this figure are measurement points to which the measurement target 200 is attached. Although the measurement target 200 affixed to these P01 to P06 has information that the shape is “quadrature” as a linear element, since there are six measurement points, it is not possible to have all of them as vertices. In this case, an intersection is generated using the intersection generation function of the automatic plotting means 107, and a rectangle is created by setting this intersection as a vertex. Specifically, a straight line L1 passing through the measurement points P01 and P02 is formed, and similarly, a straight line L2 passing through the measurement points P03 and P04 and a straight line L3 passing through the measurement points P05 and P06 are formed. Further, the coordinates of the intersection C1 where the straight lines L1 and L2 intersect and the coordinates of the intersection C2 where the straight lines L1 and L3 intersect are obtained. Then, a quadrangle having vertexes at the intersection C1, the intersection C2, the measurement point P04, and the measurement point P06 is created. Note that, here, the case where the straight line and the straight line intersect has been described, but a point where the straight line and the curved line intersect can be set as the intersection point, or a point where the curved line and the curved line intersect can be used as the intersection point.

  FIG. 7 is a model diagram illustrating a situation in which a box-shaped measurement object is illustrated. The entire measurement object shown in this figure has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, an arc-shaped groove is carved on the upper surface, and a circular component is attached to the front surface. Then, the measurement target 200 is attached to each vertex of the rectangular parallelepiped, three points on the arc-shaped groove, and one point on the center of the circular part. When this is photographed, the coordinates of each measurement point are calculated, and plotted based on the image of the measurement target 200, the drawing shown at the bottom of FIG. 7 is obtained. At this time, the rectangular parallelepiped and the arc-shaped groove are generated as a continuous graphic, and the circular part is generated as a single graphic. As can be seen from this figure, the created drawing is a three-dimensional drawing. Of course, this three-dimensional drawing can be projected onto an arbitrary plane to create a two-dimensional drawing.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining connection information for connecting measurement points, (a) is a model diagram for explaining a situation in which a rectangular measurement object is illustrated, and (b) is a combination of two triangles. It is a model figure explaining the condition which illustrates the shape measurement object. FIG. 8A shows a quadrangle composed of four points P11 to P14. As connection information in the case of plotting such a shape, for example, P11 includes connection information such as a start point and an end point. If P11 to P14 have connection information in the order of connection (first, second, third, fourth), this diagram can be generated.

  On the other hand, the shape shown in FIG. 8B is a shape in which a diagonal line (P12-P14) is added to the quadrangle shown in FIG. 8A, and the connection includes only the start point and end point information and the connection order. With information, it is difficult to generate this figure. In such a case, it is set as connection information including information on a combination of measurement points to be connected, that is, other measurement points to which the measurement points are to be connected. For example, in the case of FIG. 8B, P11 has connection information that the other points to be connected are P12 and P14, and P12 has connection information that the other points to be connected are P11, P13, and P14. Similarly, P13 has connection information that P12 and P14 are connected, and P14 is connected to P11 to P13. With such connection information, it is possible to plot a measurement object without providing information such as a start point, an end point, and an intermediate point, and information such as a connection order.

  FIG. 9 is a model diagram for explaining generation of a continuous graphic including different linear elements. The shape of the measurement object shown in this figure is generally a sector shape formed from an arc and a straight line (line segment). Specifically, P21 to P22 to P23 are connected by an arc, and the line segment P21-P24 and the line segment P23-P24 are straight lines. P21 includes information connected to P22 and P24 as connection information, and P22 includes information connected to P21 and P23 as connection information. Further, P21 and P23 have graphic types of “arc” and “straight line” as linear elements, P22 has a graphic type of “arc”, and P24 has a graphic type of “straight line”.

  P21 is connected to P22 and connected to P24, but has two different graphic types (linear elements) of “arc” and “straight line”, so two connection methods are conceivable. On the other hand, P22 has only the graphic type “arc”, and P24 has only the graphic type “straight line”. Therefore, when connecting P21 and P22, it connects with "arc" which is a graphic type common to P21 and P22, and when connecting P21 and P24, it is "straight line" which is a graphic type common to P21 and P24. Connect with. Similarly, when P23 and P22 are connected, they are connected by an “arc” common to P23 and P22, and when P23 and P24 are connected, they are connected by a “straight line” common to P23 and P24. As a result, a continuous figure including different linear elements as shown in FIG. 9 can also be appropriately illustrated.

  FIGS. 10A and 10B are model diagrams for explaining the case where the coordinates of the measurement points are corrected to generate a continuous figure, where FIG. 10A shows the case where the continuous figure is a straight line, and FIG. 10B shows the case where the continuous figure is a circular arc. is there. FIG. 10A shows a shape in which P31 is the start point, P36 is the end point, and P32 to P35 are intermediate points, and they are all connected in a straight line. The actual measurement object is the same straight line L31 (indicated by a solid line in the figure) from P31 to P36, but is illustrated as a broken line L32 (indicated by a broken line in the figure) composed of five different line segments due to a coordinate error or the like. Has been.

  In such a case, the shape of the actual measurement object can be corrected. Specifically, it is specified that P31 to P36 are all on the same straight line, and a straight line L31 is calculated so that the distance from each measurement point is minimized. Such a straight line can be obtained by, for example, the least square method.

  The solid line L41 shown in FIG. 10B is the actual shape of the measurement object, and is an arc shape that passes through P41, P42, and P43. One broken line L42 has the illustrated shape and does not pass through P41 and P43. This is a case where the measurement point deviates from the arc due to the measurement error of the arc radius, although the arc radius information is provided as a linear element. That is, although the coordinates of the measurement point are accurate, as a result of fixing the arc radius (curvature) with an incorrect value, some of the three points deviated from the arc. In such a case, priority can be given to the coordinates of the three points, and the arc radius can be adjusted and plotted as a solid line L41 that is an actual measurement object.

  The photometric plotting method and the photometric plotting apparatus of the present invention can be used for plotting civil engineering structures, architectural structures, or various industrial products. In addition, it can be applied to the plotting of various objects with shapes such as land shape (land, etc.) and indoor floor plan.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Photographic measurement plotting apparatus 101 Image storage means 102 Display means 103 Measurement point designation means 104 Coordinate acquisition means 105 Graphic element storage means 106 Graphic element acquisition means 107 Automatic mapping means 108 Output means 200 Measurement target 201 Identification component point 202 Reference Component point 203 Identification mark

Claims (11)

A method for plotting a measurement object,
An attaching step of attaching a measurement target to a measurement point of the measurement object;
A photographing step of acquiring two or more photographic images including the measurement target;
A coordinate acquisition step of acquiring the coordinates of the measurement point based on the two or more photographic images;
A graphic element acquisition step of acquiring a graphic element at the measurement point from the measurement target copied in the photographic image,
A photograph measurement plotting method, wherein a part or all of the measurement object is plotted based on the coordinates of the measurement points and graphic elements. In the attaching step, the measurement targets are attached to two or more measurement points,
In the photographing step, two or more photographic images are acquired for each measurement point,
In the coordinate acquisition step, the coordinates of each measurement point are acquired,
In the graphic element acquisition step, acquire a graphic element at each measurement point,
The graphic element includes a linear element and connection information with other measurement points,
2. The photograph measurement diagram according to claim 1, wherein a part or all of the measurement object is plotted by connecting the measurement points based on coordinates of two or more measurement points and graphic elements. Method. An apparatus for plotting a measurement object,
Coordinate acquisition means for calculating coordinates of the measurement point based on two or more photographic images including a measurement target attached to the measurement point of the measurement object;
Graphic element acquisition means for acquiring a graphic element at the measurement point from the measurement target copied in the photographic image;
A photograph measurement plotting device comprising: plotting means for plotting a part or all of the measurement object based on the coordinates of the measurement points and graphic elements. The graphic element is information for configuring a graphic based on the measurement point,
4. The photograph measurement plotting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plotting means plots a single figure based on the measurement point based on the coordinates of one measurement point and a graphic element. The graphic element includes a linear element and connection information with other measurement points,
4. The plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object by connecting measurement points based on coordinates and graphic elements of two or more measurement points. The described photometric plotting device. The graphic element includes connection information with two or more other measurement points, and two or more linear elements,
The plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object by connecting the measurement points based on the linear element common to the two measurement points to be connected. The photograph measurement plotting apparatus according to claim 5. The graphic element includes a graphic identifier;
The plotting means connects a figure composed of two or more measurement points having the same graphic identifier and the same linear element by correcting the coordinates of these measurement points or adjusting the linear elements. The photograph measurement plotting apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a part or all of the measurement object is plotted. The plotting means has an intersection generation function,
The intersection generation function creates two or more straight lines or curves formed based on the measurement points, and obtains the coordinates of the intersection at which these two or more straight lines or curves intersect,
8. The plotting means plots a part or all of the measurement object based on the coordinates of the intersection, the coordinates of the measurement point, and a graphic element. The photometric plotting device according to any one of the above. A target for plotting a measurement object,
The measurement object can be attached to a measurement point,
In the photographic image taken to calculate the coordinates of the measurement point, it can be identified as a feature point, and graphic elements can be obtained from the image feature,
A photograph measurement plotting target characterized in that a part or all of the measurement object can be charted based on the coordinates of the measurement points and the acquired graphic elements. A display surface on which a plurality of constituent points are arranged;
10. The target for photometric plotting according to claim 9, wherein the specific graphic element can be acquired based on the arrangement pattern of the constituent points.   11. The photometric plotting target according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a color or pattern corresponding to the graphic element is added.

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