JP2015073450A - Non gluten rice flour bread dough and manufacturing method thereof, and manufacturing method of non gluten rice flour bread - Google Patents
Non gluten rice flour bread dough and manufacturing method thereof, and manufacturing method of non gluten rice flour bread Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、米粉を使用した米粉パン生地及びその製造方法、並びに米粉パンの製造方法に関し、より詳細には、小麦粉や小麦由来のグルテンを含まず、保水性に優れるノングルテン米粉パン生地とその製造方法、該生地を用いたノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a rice flour bread dough using rice flour, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing rice flour bread. More specifically, the present invention relates to a non-gluten rice flour bread dough that does not contain flour or wheat-derived gluten and has excellent water retention. And a method for producing a non-gluten rice flour bread using the dough.
米の消費拡大による食糧自給率の向上、将来的な食料不足の解決などを目的として、米粉を利用した食品の開発が奨励されている。特に、小麦粉の代替として米粉を使用した米粉パンは、小麦粉に対してアレルギーを示す人向けの食品としても注目を集め、そのような米粉パンの製造方法が提案されている。例えば、特許文献1には、α化米粉を特定の割合で含む米粉を使用したノングルテン米粉パン生地、及びそれを用いたノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法が記載されている。 Development of foods using rice flour is encouraged to improve food self-sufficiency by expanding rice consumption and to solve future food shortages. In particular, rice flour bread using rice flour as an alternative to wheat flour has attracted attention as a food for people who are allergic to wheat flour, and a method for producing such rice flour bread has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a non-gluten rice flour bread dough using rice flour containing a pregelatinized rice flour at a specific ratio, and a method for producing non-gluten rice flour bread using the same.
また、ホームベーカリー機能付きの炊飯器などを利用して家庭などで米粉パンを焼く人も増えており、そのためのプレミックス粉や生地も市販されている。しかし、市販のプレミックス粉や生地には、小麦由来のグルテンや増粘剤が添加されているため、家庭などで無添加の米粉100%のパンを作るのは未だ困難である。 In addition, an increasing number of people use rice cookers with a home bakery function to bake rice flour bread at home, and premixed flour and dough are also commercially available. However, since gluten derived from wheat and a thickener are added to commercially available premixed flour and dough, it is still difficult to make 100% rice flour bread without additives at home.
一般に米粉は粒子が硬い。また、米粉は水を吸収してα化デンプンを形成し易いものの、水に対する親和性に劣り、水を放出しやすいため、α化デンプンがβ化(老化)し易いという性質を有する。それ故、生地を良好に発酵させるためには、米粉に充分に水を浸透させ(水和させ)、生地の保水性を高めることが必要となる。この保水性を高めるという点で、特許文献1のパン生地には、更なる改善が必要である。また、米粉は種類によって吸水力が異なるため、各種類に応じた水分調整が必要となる。そのため、プレミックス粉を用いる際には水分調整に気を付けなければならず、家庭などで米粉パンを焼くことには依然として煩雑さが残る。 In general, rice flour has hard particles. In addition, rice flour absorbs water and easily forms pregelatinized starch, but has poor affinity for water and easily releases water, so that pregelatinized starch is easily β-modified (aged). Therefore, in order to ferment the dough satisfactorily, it is necessary to sufficiently infiltrate (hydrate) the rice flour to increase the water retention of the dough. Further improvement is required for the bread dough of Patent Document 1 in terms of enhancing the water retention. Moreover, since the water absorption power of rice flour varies depending on the type, moisture adjustment according to each type is required. Therefore, when premix powder is used, attention must be paid to moisture adjustment, and it is still troublesome to bake rice flour bread at home.
本発明は、かかる従来技術の課題に鑑み、保水性に優れる無添加のノングルテン米粉パン生地を用いて、家庭などでも簡単においしくノングルテン米粉パンを焼くことができる、ノングルテン米粉パン生地及びその製造方法、並びにノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a non-gluten rice flour bread dough that can be easily and deliciously baked non-gluten rice flour bread at home using an additive-free non-gluten rice flour bread dough that has excellent water retention. The object is to provide a method and a method for producing non-gluten rice flour bread.
本発明者は、米粉に小麦由来のグルテンや増粘剤を添加する一般的な方法とは異なり、特定の割合のα化米粉を含む米粉を用いることで、米粉100%のノングルテン米粉パン生地作りに成功した。また、本発明者は、米粉の水和を促進し、ノングルテン米粉パン生地の保水性を高める方法について検討を重ねた結果、生地を生地の凍結温度以下で熟成させることにより生地の保水性が高まることを確認した。さらに、本発明者は、パン酵母を加えずに生地の凍結温度以下で熟成させることで、凍結によるパン酵母の発酵力低下が起こらず、保存性に優れるノングルテン米粉パン生地を得ることができた。また、本発明者は、米粉及び水の代わりに米ペーストを用いても、同様のノングルテン米粉パン生地が得られることを確認した。こうして得られたノングルテン米粉パン生地を用いて製造したノングルテン米粉パンは、熟成・解凍工程を経ずに製造した同質の生地を用いた場合と比較して、外観、風味、及び食感がいずれも改良されることを本発明者は確認した。 The present inventor makes 100% rice flour non-gluten rice flour bread dough by using rice flour containing a specific proportion of pregelatinized rice flour, unlike the general method of adding wheat-derived gluten or thickener to rice flour. succeeded in. In addition, as a result of repeated studies on a method for promoting hydration of rice flour and increasing water retention of non-gluten rice flour bread dough, the present inventor has improved the water retention of dough by aging the dough below the freezing temperature of the dough. It was confirmed. Furthermore, the present inventor was able to obtain a non-gluten rice flour bread dough excellent in preservability without causing a decrease in fermentability of bread yeast due to freezing by aging at a temperature below the dough freezing temperature without adding baker's yeast. . Moreover, this inventor confirmed that the same non-gluten rice flour bread dough could be obtained even if rice paste was used instead of rice flour and water. The non-gluten rice flour bread produced using the non-gluten rice flour bread dough thus obtained has a different appearance, flavor, and texture compared to the case of using the same quality dough produced without aging and thawing processes. The present inventors have confirmed that the improvement is also achieved.
即ち、本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
(1)米粉及び水、並びに米ペーストからなる群より選ばれる米成分、α化米粉、砂糖、並びに塩を含有する組成物を混捏して混捏物を得、該混捏物を該混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させることにより得られる、ノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(2)前記混捏物は、酵母を含有しない、前記(1)に記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(3)前記米成分は米粉及び水であり、該米粉と前記α化米粉の重量比は100:3〜100:10であり、該米粉と該水の重量比は100:75〜100:90である、前記(1)又は(2)に記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(4)前記の、混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させることは、−18℃以下の低温下で20分間以上熟成させることである、前記(1)乃至(3)のいずれか1つに記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(5)米粉及び水、並びに米ペーストからなる群より選ばれる米成分、α化米粉、砂糖、並びに塩を含有する組成物を混捏する混捏工程と、得られた混捏物を該混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させる熟成工程とを有する、ノングルテン米粉パン生地の製造方法。
(6)前記(1)乃至(4)のいずれか1つに記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地を解凍する解凍工程と、解凍したパン生地に酵母を加えて捏ね上がりの生地の温度が28〜35℃となるように混捏した後、28〜35℃の温度下で発酵させる発酵工程と、発酵させたパン生地を加熱調理する加熱調理工程とを有する、ノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法。
That is, the present invention includes the following aspects.
(1) Mixing a composition containing rice flour, water, and a rice component selected from the group consisting of rice paste, pregelatinized rice flour, sugar, and salt to obtain a kneaded mixture, and freezing the kneaded mixture with the kneaded mixture Non-gluten rice flour bread dough obtained by aging at a temperature below.
(2) The non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to (1), wherein the kneaded product does not contain yeast.
(3) The rice component is rice flour and water, the weight ratio of the rice flour to the pregelatinized rice flour is 100: 3 to 100: 10, and the weight ratio of the rice flour to the water is 100: 75 to 100: 90. The non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to (1) or (2).
(4) The aging at a temperature below the freezing temperature of the kneaded material is aging at a low temperature of −18 ° C. or lower for 20 minutes or longer, according to any one of (1) to (3). Non-gluten rice flour bread dough.
(5) A kneading step of kneading a composition containing rice flour, water, and a rice component selected from the group consisting of rice paste, pregelatinized rice flour, sugar, and salt, and freezing the kneaded mixture obtained A method for producing a non-gluten rice flour bread dough comprising an aging step of aging at a temperature or lower.
(6) A thawing step for thawing the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to any one of (1) to (4) above, and the temperature of the dough after adding yeast to the thawed dough is 28 to 35 ° C. A method for producing non-gluten rice flour bread having a fermentation step of fermenting at a temperature of 28 to 35 ° C., and a heating cooking step of cooking the fermented dough.
本発明によれば、保水性に優れる無添加のノングルテン米粉パン生地を用いて、家庭などでも簡単においしくノングルテン米粉パンを焼くことができる、ノングルテン米粉パン生地及びその製造方法、並びにノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, a non-gluten rice flour bread dough that can be easily and deliciously baked at home, using an additive-free non-gluten rice flour bread dough excellent in water retention, a method for producing the same, and a non-gluten rice flour A method for producing bread is provided.
以下、本発明の一実施形態について図1に基づいて詳細に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれに限定されるものではない。また、幅方向、高さ方向、厚み方向等の方向を示す用語は、説明のために用いるのであって、本発明を限定する趣旨ではない。 Hereinafter, although one Embodiment of this invention is described in detail based on FIG. 1, the scope of the present invention is not limited to this. In addition, terms indicating directions such as the width direction, the height direction, and the thickness direction are used for explanation, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地は、米成分として米粉及び水を含有し、その他の成分としてα化米粉、砂糖、及び塩を含有する組成物を混捏して得られる混捏物を、この混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させることで得られるものである。 The non-gluten rice flour dough according to the present invention contains rice flour and water as rice components, and a kneaded product obtained by kneading a composition containing pregelatinized rice flour, sugar and salt as other components. It can be obtained by aging below the freezing temperature.
本発明に係る「米粉」とは、生米の粉である。生米の品種や性状に特に制限はなく、生米を各種公知の粉砕法で粉末化した生米粉が使用できる。米粉の粉末の粒径は、75μm未満であることが好ましい。また、生米を粉砕する際に発生する熱等により割れや傷ができたデンプン粒の割合(デンプンの損傷率)が高いと、膨張率が悪くなるなど、米粉パンの品質に大きく影響する。そのため、市販の測定キット等を用いてデンプンの損傷率を測定し、その値が5%以下である米粉が好ましい。市販の測定キットとしては、例えば、Megazyme製 STARCH DAMAGE ASSAY KITが挙げられる。 The “rice flour” according to the present invention is raw rice flour. There are no particular restrictions on the varieties and properties of raw rice, and raw rice flour obtained by pulverizing raw rice by various known pulverization methods can be used. The particle size of the rice flour powder is preferably less than 75 μm. In addition, if the ratio of starch grains that are broken or damaged by the heat generated when pulverizing raw rice (starch damage rate) is high, the expansion rate deteriorates and the quality of rice flour bread is greatly affected. Therefore, the rice flour whose starch damage rate is measured using a commercially available measurement kit or the like and whose value is 5% or less is preferable. As a commercially available measurement kit, for example, STARDAMAGE ASSAY KIT manufactured by Megazyme can be mentioned.
本発明に係る「α化米粉」とは、生米の粉に水を加えて加熱処理した米粉である。このα化米粉は、糊状の強いデンプンネットワークを形成し、生地の発酵によって生じるガスの気泡を閉じ込める働きをする。そのため、α化米粉はグルテンの代用として使用でき、小麦アレルギーの人に対する米粉パンの安全性がさらに高まるといえる。強固なデンプンネットワークが形成されるためには、米粉とα化米粉が適切な割合で混合されること、米粉が十分に水和されること、及び生地の温度を適切な温度に調整することが重要である。 The “pregelatinized rice flour” according to the present invention is rice flour that has been heat-treated by adding water to raw rice flour. This pregelatinized rice flour forms a strong starchy starch network and functions to confine gas bubbles generated by the fermentation of the dough. Therefore, pregelatinized rice flour can be used as a substitute for gluten, and it can be said that the safety of rice flour bread for people with wheat allergies is further enhanced. In order to form a strong starch network, rice flour and pregelatinized rice flour must be mixed in an appropriate ratio, rice flour should be sufficiently hydrated, and the temperature of the dough adjusted to an appropriate temperature. is important.
本発明では、米粉、α化米粉、砂糖、塩、及び水を、好ましくは下記に記載する割合で用意し、これらを混捏する。混捏は、これに限定されるものではないが、通常室温にて10〜20分間行えばよい。デンプンのネットワークが形成され、生地が糊状となるまで混捏を行う。 In the present invention, rice flour, pregelatinized rice flour, sugar, salt, and water are preferably prepared in the proportions described below and mixed. Chaosing is not limited to this, but it may usually be performed at room temperature for 10 to 20 minutes. Kneading is performed until a starch network is formed and the dough is pasty.
本発明では、α化米粉は、米粉100重量部に対し、3〜10重量部の割合で用いることが好ましく、4〜8重量部であるとより好ましく、4〜6重量部であるとさらに好ましい。α化米粉の割合が上記の下限以上であると、生地が充分に糊化するので好ましい。また、α化米粉の割合が上記の上限以下であると、良好な粘りと堅さの生地が得られるので好ましい。 In the present invention, the pregelatinized rice flour is preferably used at a ratio of 3 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 4 to 8 parts by weight, and further preferably 4 to 6 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of rice flour. . It is preferable that the ratio of the pregelatinized rice flour is not less than the above lower limit because the dough is sufficiently gelatinized. Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio of the pregelatinized rice flour is not more than the above upper limit because a dough having good stickiness and firmness can be obtained.
水は、米粉100重量部に対し、通常75〜90重量部の割合で用いることが好ましく、80〜90重量部であるとより好ましく、85〜90重量部であるとさらに好ましい。ここで、水の割合が上記の下限以上であると、生地にパン酵母を均一に混ぜ易くなり、充分な発酵が得られる点で好ましい。また、水の割合が上記の上限以下であると、発酵によるガスの気泡を閉じ込めるのに充分な強さの生地が得られる点で好ましい。 It is preferable to use water at a ratio of usually 75 to 90 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of rice flour, more preferably 80 to 90 parts by weight, and even more preferably 85 to 90 parts by weight. Here, it is preferable that the ratio of water is equal to or more than the lower limit described above, since baker's yeast can be easily mixed uniformly into the dough, and sufficient fermentation can be obtained. Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio of water is not more than the above upper limit in that a dough having a strength sufficient to confine gas bubbles by fermentation is obtained.
砂糖及び塩は、米粉100重量部に対し、それぞれ3〜20重量部、1〜2重量部の割合で用いるが、これはあくまで目安であり、好みに応じて適宜変更することができる。 Sugar and salt are used in proportions of 3 to 20 parts by weight and 1 to 2 parts by weight, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by weight of rice flour, but this is only a guide and can be changed as appropriate according to preference.
また、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地は、米成分として米ペーストを含有し、その他の成分としてα化米粉、砂糖、及び塩を含有する組成物を混捏して得られる混捏物を、この混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させることでも得られる。 Further, the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention comprises a kneaded product obtained by kneading a composition containing rice paste as a rice component and pregelatinized rice flour, sugar and salt as other components. It can also be obtained by aging below the freezing temperature of the product.
本発明に係る「米ペースト」とは、水に浸して柔らかくなった精米を磨り潰し、加熱せずにペースト状にしたものであり、粉砕時に発生する摩擦熱によるデンプンの変質が少ない。米ペースト中の米微粒は、米粉や小麦粉に比べて微細であり、5〜10μmの粒径であることが好ましい。 The “rice paste” according to the present invention is a polished rice that has been soaked in water and crushed and made into a paste without heating, and there is little alteration of starch due to frictional heat generated during pulverization. The rice fine particles in the rice paste are finer than rice flour or wheat flour, and preferably have a particle size of 5 to 10 μm.
本発明では、α化米粉は、米ペースト中の米微粒100重量部に対し、3〜10重量部の割合で用いることが好ましく、4〜8重量部であるとより好ましく、4〜6重量部であるとさらに好ましい。砂糖及び塩は、米ペースト中の米微粒100重量部に対し、それぞれ3〜20重量部、1〜2重量部の割合で用いるが、これはあくまで目安であり、好みに応じて適宜変更することができる。 In the present invention, the pregelatinized rice flour is preferably used in a ratio of 3 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 4 to 8 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of rice fine grains in the rice paste. Is more preferable. Sugar and salt are used in proportions of 3 to 20 parts by weight and 1 to 2 parts by weight, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by weight of rice fines in the rice paste, but this is only a guideline and should be changed appropriately according to preference. Can do.
本発明では、つや出しや米の旨味を引き出すために、組成物にもろみ等の調味料を加えるのが好ましい。その他、必要に応じて、サラダオイルやオリーブオイル等の植物油や、バター等の油脂を組成物に加えてもよい。但し、本発明においては、グルテンの代わりとなる増粘剤等を用いる必要はない。 In the present invention, it is preferable to add a seasoning such as mash to the composition in order to bring out the gloss and the umami of rice. In addition, vegetable oils such as salad oil and olive oil and fats and oils such as butter may be added to the composition as necessary. However, in the present invention, it is not necessary to use a thickener or the like instead of gluten.
本発明は、前記のようにして得られた混捏物を、容器に充填する。容器は、特に制限されないが、この混捏物が付着し難く、冷凍に耐えられる素材のものが好ましい。また、容器は、流通や解凍の際の利便性の観点から、トレー形状のものが好ましい。 In the present invention, the mixture obtained as described above is filled in a container. The container is not particularly limited, but is preferably made of a material that does not easily adhere to the kneaded material and can withstand freezing. The container is preferably in the form of a tray from the viewpoint of convenience during distribution and thawing.
前記のようにして容器に充填した混捏物を、−18℃以下の低温下で20分間以上熟成させることで、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地が得られる。好ましくは、−20℃〜−18℃で40分間、より好ましくは、−28℃〜−32℃で20分間の熟成を行う。容器への充填及び熟成は、組成物を混捏してから1時間以内に行うのが望ましい。得られたノングルテン米粉パン生地は、ポリ袋などの冷凍耐性のある袋に容器ごと入れて密封する。このような袋入りの状態にすることで、ノングルテン米粉パン生地を便利に広く流通に乗せることができる。また、このノングルテン米粉パン生地は、袋入りの状態のまま−18℃以下の低温で保管するのが好ましい。 The non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention is obtained by aging the kneaded material filled in the container as described above at a low temperature of −18 ° C. or lower for 20 minutes or more. Preferably, aging is performed at −20 ° C. to −18 ° C. for 40 minutes, more preferably at −28 ° C. to −32 ° C. for 20 minutes. The filling and aging of the container is desirably performed within 1 hour after the composition is mixed. The obtained non-gluten rice flour bread dough is sealed in a container that is freeze-resistant such as a plastic bag together with the container. By making such a bag, the non-gluten rice flour bread dough can be conveniently and widely put on the market. Moreover, it is preferable to store this non-gluten rice flour bread dough at a low temperature of −18 ° C. or lower while still in a bag.
ノングルテン米粉パン生地は、電子レンジの解凍機能、冷蔵庫又は常温での静置などの方法で解凍し、パン生地の温度が25℃〜28℃になるようにする。このパン生地にパン酵母を加え、捏ね上がりのパン生地の温度が28〜35℃、好ましくは30〜32℃になるように調整しながら混捏する。混捏したパン生地の重さ(以下、「焼成前の重さ」とする)を測定した後、28〜35℃、好ましくは30〜32℃の温度下で発酵させる。 The non-gluten rice flour bread dough is thawed by a method such as a thawing function of a microwave oven, a refrigerator or standing at room temperature, so that the temperature of the bread dough is 25 ° C to 28 ° C. Bread yeast is added to this dough, and kneading is performed while adjusting the temperature of the rolled dough to 28 to 35 ° C, preferably 30 to 32 ° C. After measuring the weight of the kneaded bread dough (hereinafter referred to as “weight before baking”), it is fermented at a temperature of 28 to 35 ° C., preferably 30 to 32 ° C.
発酵させたノングルテン米粉パン生地は、オーブンやホームベーカリー機能付きの炊飯器等で焼成することにより、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パンとなる。得られたノングルテン米粉パンは、粗熱を取った後、重さ(以下、「焼成後の重さ」とする)を測定し、焼減率を計算する。「焼減率」とは、焼成前後の重さの減少率であり、計算式は、(焼成前の重さ−焼成後の重さ)÷焼成前の重さ×100(%)である。焼減率は、パンの焼き加減の指標とされており、ノングルテン米粉パンの焼減率としては、18〜22%が好ましく、19〜21%がより好ましい。 The fermented non-gluten rice flour bread dough becomes the non-gluten rice flour bread according to the present invention by baking in an oven or a rice cooker with a home bakery function. The obtained non-gluten rice flour bread is subjected to rough heat, and then the weight (hereinafter referred to as “weight after baking”) is measured, and the burn-out rate is calculated. The “burning rate” is the weight reduction rate before and after firing, and the calculation formula is (weight before firing−weight after firing) ÷ weight before firing × 100 (%). The burn-off rate is an index of bread baking, and the burn-off rate of non-gluten rice flour bread is preferably 18-22%, more preferably 19-21%.
本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地は、既に水分調整及び混捏がなされているため、家庭などで材料を調整したり、生地を捏ね合わせたりするといった、最も煩雑な作業を省くことができ、パン酵母を加えるだけで簡単にパンを焼くことができる。 Since the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention has already been subjected to moisture adjustment and kneading, the most troublesome work such as adjusting the material at home or kneading the dough can be omitted, and baker's yeast Bread can be easily baked simply by adding.
また、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地は、生地の凍結温度以下で熟成させることで水分を逃さず、熟成中に米粉の水和が進むと考えられるため、適した水分量が保たれる。また、生地の凍結温度以下で生地を熟成させることによりデンプンネットワークの損傷や米粉のβ化が抑えられ、より安定したデンプンネットワークが得られる。 In addition, the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention does not release moisture by aging at a temperature below the freezing temperature of the dough, and it is considered that hydration of the rice flour proceeds during ripening. Further, by aging the dough at a temperature below the freezing temperature of the dough, damage to the starch network and beta formation of the rice flour can be suppressed, and a more stable starch network can be obtained.
さらに、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地では、パン酵母は加えられていないため、凍結によるパン酵母の発酵力低下は起こらない。そのため、家庭の冷凍庫などでも問題なく安心してパン生地を保存することができる。一般に、パン酵母入りのパン生地を凍結させると、長期冷凍中に成長した氷結晶がパン酵母の細胞を破壊して活性を低下させたり、生地のネットワーク構造を損傷したりすることにより、パンの品質が低下する恐れがある。また、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地は、冷蔵庫、電子レンジ、又は常温などで簡単に解凍できるため、その都度解凍していつでも手軽に焼きたてのパンを楽しむことができる。 Furthermore, in the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention, baker's yeast is not added, so that the fermenting power of baker's yeast does not decrease due to freezing. For this reason, bread dough can be stored safely in a freezer at home without any problems. In general, when dough containing bread yeast is frozen, ice crystals grown during long-term freezing destroy the baker's yeast cells, reducing their activity and damaging the dough network structure. May decrease. In addition, the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention can be easily thawed in a refrigerator, a microwave oven, room temperature, or the like, so that it can be thawed each time and easily enjoyed freshly baked bread at any time.
本発明のノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法によれば、ホームベーカリーなどを利用して、家庭などでも簡単にノングルテン米粉パンを焼くことができる。さらに、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パンは、同じ材料で熟成・解凍工程を経ずに製造した生地によるノングルテン米粉パンと比較して、同等かそれ以上の外観、風味、及び食感を得ることができる。 According to the method for producing non-gluten rice flour bread of the present invention, non-gluten rice flour bread can be easily baked at home using a home bakery or the like. Furthermore, the non-gluten rice flour bread according to the present invention obtains an appearance, flavor, and texture equivalent to or higher than those of the non-gluten rice flour bread made from the same material and without aging and thawing processes. be able to.
(実施例)
以下、実施例を用いて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれにより限定されるものではない。
(Example)
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely using an Example, the scope of the present invention is not limited by this.
実施例及び比較例で製造したノングルテン米粉パンは、以下の官能評価方法で評価した。
(官能評価方法)
パネラーの人数は、5人以上とした。評価の対象となる各試料パンは、全て同時に製造し、完成から半日経過したものを使用した。各試料パンは、パンの厚み方向に垂直な面で切って厚さ1cmとした後、さらに半分の大きさになるようにパンの幅方向に垂直な面で切り、これを一人分とした。得られた一人分の各試料パンは、図2のように、パンの種類が分からないようにアルファベット記号のA、B、C、D、及びEを付してパネラーに提供した。評価項目は、噛んだ時の感覚、見た目の良さ(焼き色、つや等)、断面のキメの細かさ、香りの良さ、味の良さ、ふっくら感の6項目とした。パネラーに各項目を5点満点の5段階(5点:最良、4点:良、3点:普通、2点:悪、1点:最悪)で評価してもらった。
The non-gluten rice flour breads produced in the examples and comparative examples were evaluated by the following sensory evaluation methods.
(Sensory evaluation method)
The number of panelists was 5 or more. All the sample pans to be evaluated were manufactured at the same time and used half a day after completion. Each sample pan was cut on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the bread to a thickness of 1 cm, and then cut on a plane perpendicular to the breadth direction of the bread so as to be half the size. As shown in FIG. 2, each sample bread for one person was provided to the panel with alphabetic symbols A, B, C, D, and E so that the type of bread was not known. The evaluation items were 6 items: chewing sensation, good appearance (baked color, gloss, etc.), fine texture of the cross section, good fragrance, good taste and plump feeling. Panelists evaluated each item on a 5-point scale (5 points: best, 4 points: good, 3 points: normal, 2 points: bad, 1 point: worst).
<実施例1>
(1)混捏工程
パン生地の組成物として、α化米粉(商品名:マイプラス、株式会社サラ秋田白神)15g、米粉(インディカ米、国産、200メッシュ)300g、砂糖15g、塩4.8g、塩もろみ(商品名:こだまの塩もろみ、株式会社サラ秋田白神)8g、及び水265gを混合機に入れた。組成物を室温で20分間しっかりと混捏して糊化させ、混捏物を得た。
<Example 1>
(1) Kneading process As composition of bread dough, pregelatinized rice flour (trade name: My Plus, Sara Akita Shirakami Co., Ltd.) 15g, rice flour (Indica rice, domestic, 200 mesh) 300g, sugar 15g, salt 4.8g, salt Moromi (trade name: Kodama Salt Moromi, Sara Akita Shirakami Co., Ltd.) 8 g and water 265 g were put into a mixer. The composition was kneaded firmly at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a kneaded product.
(2)熟成工程
上記(1)で得られた混捏物をトレー状の容器に充填した。トレー状の容器に充填した混捏物を冷凍庫(製品名:URD−252FMTA、福島工業株式会社)を用いて−30℃で20分間かけて熟成させ、本発明に係るノングルテン米粉パン生地を得た。このパン生地をポリ袋に入れて密封し、−18℃の冷凍庫にて保管した。
(2) Aging step The kneaded product obtained in the above (1) was filled in a tray-like container. The kneaded material filled in the tray-like container was aged at −30 ° C. for 20 minutes using a freezer (product name: URD-252FMTA, Fukushima Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to obtain the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to the present invention. The bread dough was sealed in a plastic bag and stored in a freezer at -18 ° C.
(3)解凍工程
上記(2)で得られたパン生地を袋入りの状態のまま5℃の冷蔵庫に8時間静置して解凍した後、室温でパン生地の温度が25℃になるように調整した。
(3) Thawing step The bread dough obtained in (2) above was left in a refrigerator at 5 ° C for 8 hours while being in a bag and thawed, and then adjusted so that the temperature of the bread dough was 25 ° C at room temperature. .
(4)発酵工程
上記(3)で解凍したパン生地をニーダーのポットに流し入れ、パン酵母(商品名:白神こだま酵母(商標)ドライG)を6g加えて5分間混捏した。捏ね上がりのパン生地の温度が30℃となるように温度調整した。パン生地を焼き型に流し入れ、30℃で20分間発酵させた。
(4) Fermentation process The dough thawed in (3) above was poured into a kneader pot, 6 g of bread yeast (trade name: Shirakami Kodama Yeast (trademark) Dry G) was added, and the mixture was kneaded for 5 minutes. The temperature of the kneaded bread dough was adjusted to 30 ° C. The dough was poured into a baking mold and fermented at 30 ° C. for 20 minutes.
(5)加熱調理工程
上記(4)で発酵させたパン生地を、焼き型に蓋をした状態で、160℃で10分間、続いて200℃で20分間、オーブンで焼成し、固化させた。その後、焼き型の蓋を取り、固化したパン生地をさらに200℃で20分間焼成して表面に焼き色を付け、ノングルテン米粉パン(塩もろみ入り)(a)を得た。
(5) Heat cooking step The bread dough fermented in the above (4) was baked in an oven at 160 ° C. for 10 minutes and then at 200 ° C. for 20 minutes with the baking mold covered, and solidified. Thereafter, the baking mold lid was removed, and the solidified bread dough was further baked at 200 ° C. for 20 minutes to give a baked color to the surface to obtain non-gluten rice flour bread (with salt mash) (a).
<実施例2>
塩もろみを加えなかった他は実施例1と同じ分量の材料を用い、実施例1と同じ手順で、混捏工程、熟成工程、解凍工程、発酵工程、及び加熱調理工程を行い、ノングルテン米粉パン(塩もろみなし)(b)を得た。
<Example 2>
A non-gluten rice flour bread using the same amount of ingredients as in Example 1 except that salt moromi was not added, and performing the kneading process, aging process, thawing process, fermentation process, and cooking process in the same procedure as in Example 1. (No salt was obtained) (b) was obtained.
<実施例3>
パン生地の組成物として、α化米粉(商品名:マイプラス、株式会社サラ秋田白神)18g、米ペースト(商品名:こめペースト、株式会社いちまる)550g、砂糖15g、及び塩4.8gを用いた。実施例1と同じ手順で、混捏工程、熟成工程、解凍工程、発酵工程、及び加熱調理工程を行い、ノングルテン米粉パンを得た。
<Example 3>
As a composition of bread dough, 18 g of pregelatinized rice flour (trade name: My Plus, Sara Akita Shirakami), 550 g of rice paste (trade name: rice paste, Ichimaru Co., Ltd.), 15 g of sugar, and 4.8 g of salt were used. . In the same procedure as in Example 1, a kneading process, an aging process, a thawing process, a fermentation process, and a heat cooking process were performed to obtain a non-gluten rice flour bread.
<比較例1>
実施例1と同じ分量の材料を用い、実施例1と同じ手順で混捏した後、熟成工程及び解凍工程は行わず、続けて実施例1と同じ手順で発酵工程及び加熱調理工程を行って、熟成及び解凍工程を経ていない生地を用いたノングルテン米粉パン(塩もろみ入り)(c)を得た。
<Comparative Example 1>
After using the same amount of ingredients as in Example 1 and kneading in the same procedure as in Example 1, the aging process and the thawing process are not performed, and the fermentation process and the cooking process are performed in the same procedure as in Example 1, A non-gluten rice flour bread (with salt moromi) (c) using a dough that did not undergo aging and thawing steps was obtained.
<比較例2>
塩もろみを加えなかった他は実施例1と同じ分量の材料を用い、実施例1と同じ手順で混捏した後、熟成工程及び解凍工程は行わず、続けて実施例1と同じ手順で発酵工程及び加熱調理工程を行って、熟成及び解凍工程を経ていない生地を用いたノングルテン米粉パン(塩もろみなし)(d)を得た。
<Comparative Example 2>
Except for not adding salt moromi, the same amount of material as in Example 1 was used, and after kneading in the same procedure as in Example 1, the aging step and thawing step were not performed, and the fermentation step was subsequently performed in the same procedure as in Example 1. And the heating cooking process was performed and the non-gluten rice flour bread | pan (dough salt was considered) (d) using the dough which did not pass through an aging and thawing | decompression process was obtained.
<比較例3>
塩もろみを加えなかった他は実施例1と同じ分量の材料を用い、実施例1と同じ手順で混捏した後、熟成工程及び解凍工程は行わずに、続けて発酵工程に移行した。発酵工程は、捏ね上がりのパン生地の温度を調整しなかった点以外は実施例1と同じ手順で行い、実施例1と同じ手順で加熱調理工程を行って、熟成及び解凍工程を経ていない生地を用いたノングルテン米粉パン(塩もろみなし、生地の温度調整なし)(e)を得た。
<Comparative Example 3>
Except for not adding salt moromi, the same amount of material as in Example 1 was used, and after kneading in the same procedure as in Example 1, the aging step and the thawing step were not carried out, and the process was continued to the fermentation step. The fermentation process is performed in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the kneaded bread dough is not adjusted, the cooking process is performed in the same procedure as in Example 1, and the dough that has not undergone the aging and thawing process The used non-gluten rice flour bread (dehydrated without salt temperature adjustment) (e) was obtained.
実施例1及び2、比較例1〜3で得られたノングルテン米粉パンについて、それぞれ焼成前後の重さを測定し、焼減率を計算した。結果を表1に示す。 About the non-gluten rice flour bread | pan obtained in Example 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the weight before and behind baking was measured, respectively, and the burning reduction rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
表1より、実施例1及び2の焼減率は、比較例1及び2よりやや高いことが分かる。また、比較例3の焼減率は、比較例1及び2と比べても低いことが分かる。 From Table 1, it can be seen that the burning rates of Examples 1 and 2 are slightly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It can also be seen that the burn-out rate of Comparative Example 3 is lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
実施例1及び2、比較例1〜3で得られたノングルテン米粉パンを、上記の官能評価方法を用いて5人のパネラーにそれぞれ評価してもらった。各パネラーによる評価結果(単位:点)を、噛んだ時の感覚、見た目の良さ(焼き色、つや等)、断面のキメの細かさ、香りの良さ、味の良さ、ふっくら感の順で、以下に示す。
パネラー1:実施例1(5,5,5,5,5,5)、実施例2(5,4,4,5,5,4)、比較例1(4,4,5,4,4,4)、比較例2(3,3,3,3,3,4)、比較例3(1,1,1,2,1,1);
パネラー2:実施例1(5,5,5,5,5,5)、実施例2(5,4,5,4,5,5)、比較例1(4,4,5,4,4,4)、比較例2(3,3,4,3,3,3)、比較例3(1,2,1,2,1,1);
パネラー3:実施例1(5,5,5,5,5,5)、実施例2(4,4,4,4,4,4)、比較例1(5,5,4,5,5,5)、比較例2(3,4,3,4,4,4)、比較例3(1,2,1,3,2,1);
パネラー4:実施例1(5,5,5,5,5,5)、実施例2(4,4,4,5,5,4)、比較例1(4,5,4,5,5,5)、比較例2(4,4,4,4,4,4)、比較例3(1,2,1,2,1,1);
パネラー5:実施例1(5,5,5,5,5,5)、実施例2(5,5,5,5,4,5)、比較例1(4,4,4,5,5,4)、比較例2(4,4,4,4,4,4)、比較例3(2,2,2,2,2,2)。
The non-gluten rice flour breads obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were each evaluated by five panelists using the sensory evaluation method described above. Evaluation results by each panel (unit: point), in the order of chewing, good appearance (baked color, gloss, etc.), fine texture of the cross-section, good fragrance, good taste, plump feeling, It is shown below.
Paneler 1: Example 1 (5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5), Example 2 (5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4), Comparative Example 1 (4, 4, 5, 4, 4) 4), Comparative Example 2 (3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4), Comparative Example 3 (1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
Paneler 2: Example 1 (5,5,5,5,5,5), Example 2 (5,4,5,4,5,5), Comparative Example 1 (4,4,5,4,4) 4), Comparative Example 2 (3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3), Comparative Example 3 (1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1);
Panel 3: Example 1 (5,5,5,5,5,5), Example 2 (4,4,4,4,4,4), Comparative Example 1 (5,5,4,5,5) 5), Comparative Example 2 (3,4,3,4,4,4), Comparative Example 3 (1,2,1,3,2,1);
Paneler 4: Example 1 (5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5), Example 2 (4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4), Comparative Example 1 (4, 5, 4, 5, 5) 5), Comparative Example 2 (4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4), Comparative Example 3 (1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1);
Paneler 5: Example 1 (5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5), Example 2 (5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5), Comparative Example 1 (4, 4, 4, 5, 5) , 4), Comparative Example 2 (4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4), Comparative Example 3 (2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2).
上記の評価結果の平均点を表2に示す。 The average score of the evaluation results is shown in Table 2.
官能評価の結果について、表2より、実施例1及び2は、どの項目も平均点が4.2点以上であり、全体として高い評価が得られた。熟成・解凍工程の有無による違いを見るために、実施例1と比較例1、実施例2と比較例2をそれぞれ比較すると、実施例1及び2の方が、全ての項目において、それぞれ比較例1及び2よりも高い評価であった。また、比較例3は、全ての項目で最も低い評価となった。 As for the results of sensory evaluation, from Table 2, Examples 1 and 2 had an average score of 4.2 or higher for any item, and high evaluation was obtained as a whole. In order to see the difference due to the presence or absence of the aging and thawing process, when comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, respectively, Examples 1 and 2 are comparative examples in all items. The rating was higher than 1 and 2. Moreover, the comparative example 3 became the lowest evaluation in all the items.
噛んだ時の感覚について、表2において、実施例1及び2と、比較例1及び2とを比較すると、実施例1及び2の方が、比較例1及び2よりも高い評価となり、最も評価点の差が大きい項目であった。特に、実施例1については、「米粉100%のパンとは思えない、本当のパンのようだった」といった感想が複数得られたのに対し、比較例3については、「餅のような食感でゴワつき感があった」といった感想が複数寄せられた。 In Table 2, when Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are compared in Table 2, Examples 1 and 2 have a higher evaluation than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and are most evaluated. It was an item with a large difference in points. In particular, with regard to Example 1, a plurality of impressions such as “I did not think it was 100% rice flour bread, it was like real bread” were obtained, whereas for Comparative Example 3, “food like rice cake” There were several impressions, such as “I felt a sense of inconvenience.”
見た目の良さ(焼き色、つや等)について、表2より、実施例2よりも比較例1の方が高い評価であった。また、「実施例1と比較例1とでは、見た目があまり変わらなかった」という感想のパネラーもいた。 From Table 2, the goodness of appearance (baked color, gloss, etc.) was higher in Comparative Example 1 than in Example 2. There was also a panelist who commented that “the appearance did not change much between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.”
断面のキメの細かさについて、表2において、実施例1及び2と、比較例1及び2とを比較すると、実施例1及び2の評価は、比較例1及び2と同等かそれ以上であり、図3及び4からもそれが窺える。また、比較例3は、図3から分かるように、キメが粗く気泡が不揃いであった。 Regarding the fineness of the cross section, in Table 2, when Examples 1 and 2 are compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the evaluation of Examples 1 and 2 is equal to or higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It can be seen from FIGS. In Comparative Example 3, as can be seen from FIG. 3, the texture was rough and the bubbles were uneven.
香り、味の良さについて、表2において、実施例1及び2と、比較例1及び2とを比較すると、実施例1及び2の評価は、比較例1及び2と同等かそれ以上であった。 In Table 2, when Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were compared in Table 2, the evaluation of Examples 1 and 2 was equal to or higher than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. .
ふっくら感について、表2において、実施例1及び2と、比較例1及び2とを比較すると、実施例1及び2の評価は、比較例1及び2と同等かそれ以上であった。また、図4及び5において、実施例1と比較例1、実施例2と比較例2をそれぞれ比較すると、実施例1及び2の方が、比較例1及び2よりも、それぞれ米粉パンの膨らみが大きいことが観察される。 In Table 2, when Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were compared in Table 2, the evaluation of Examples 1 and 2 was equal to or higher than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. 4 and 5, when Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared, and Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared, respectively, Examples 1 and 2 are more bulging of rice flour bread than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively. Is observed to be large.
(付記)
(付記1)
米粉及び水、並びに米ペーストからなる群より選ばれる米成分、α化米粉、砂糖、並びに塩を含有する組成物を混捏して混捏物を得、該混捏物を該混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させることにより得られる、ノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(付記2)
前記混捏物は、酵母を含有しない、付記1に記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(付記3)
前記米成分は米粉及び水であり、該米粉と前記α化米粉の重量比は100:3〜100:10であり、該米粉と該水の重量比は100:75〜100:90である、付記1又は2に記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(付記4)
前記の、混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させることは、−18℃以下の低温下で20分間以上熟成させることである、付記1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地。
(付記5)
付記1乃至4のいずれか一つに記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地を解凍し、酵母を加えて捏ね上がりの生地の温度が28〜35℃となるように混捏した後、28〜35℃の温度下で発酵させ、加熱調理することで得られる、ノングルテン米粉パン。
(付記6)
米粉及び水、並びに米ペーストからなる群より選ばれる米成分、α化米粉、砂糖、並びに塩を含有する組成物を混捏する混捏工程と、得られた混捏物を該混捏物の凍結温度以下で熟成させる熟成工程とを有する、ノングルテン米粉パン生地の製造方法。
(付記7)
付記1乃至4のいずれか一つに記載のノングルテン米粉パン生地を解凍する解凍工程と、解凍したパン生地に酵母を加えて捏ね上がりの生地の温度が28〜35℃となるように混捏した後、28〜35℃の温度下で発酵させる発酵工程と、発酵させたパン生地を加熱調理する加熱調理工程とを有する、ノングルテン米粉パンの製造方法。
(Appendix)
(Appendix 1)
A rice mixture selected from the group consisting of rice flour and water, and rice paste, pregelatinized rice flour, sugar, and a salt-containing composition are kneaded to obtain a kneaded mixture, and the kneaded mixture is heated below the freezing temperature of the kneaded mixture. Non-gluten rice flour bread dough obtained by aging.
(Appendix 2)
The non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to appendix 1, wherein the kneaded product does not contain yeast.
(Appendix 3)
The rice components are rice flour and water, the weight ratio of the rice flour and the pregelatinized rice flour is 100: 3 to 100: 10, and the weight ratio of the rice flour and the water is 100: 75 to 100: 90. The non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to appendix 1 or 2.
(Appendix 4)
The non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to any one of appendices 1 to 3, wherein the aging below the freezing temperature of the kneaded material is aging at a low temperature of -18 ° C or lower for 20 minutes or longer.
(Appendix 5)
After thawing the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to any one of appendices 1 to 4, adding yeast and kneading so that the temperature of the kneaded dough is 28 to 35 ° C., then the temperature is 28 to 35 ° C. Non-gluten rice flour breads obtained by fermenting and cooking.
(Appendix 6)
A kneading step of kneading a composition containing rice flour, water, and a rice component selected from the group consisting of rice paste, pregelatinized rice flour, sugar, and salt, and the obtained kneaded material at a temperature below the freezing temperature of the kneaded material A method for producing a non-gluten rice flour bread dough comprising an aging step for aging.
(Appendix 7)
After thawing the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to any one of appendices 1 to 4 and adding the yeast to the thawed dough and kneading so that the temperature of the kneaded dough is 28 to 35 ° C, The manufacturing method of a non-gluten rice flour bread | pan which has a fermentation process fermented under the temperature of 28-35 degreeC, and a heat cooking process which heat-cooks the fermented bread dough.
本発明により、米粉パンの普及拡大、小麦粉アレルギーの人への安全なパンの供給などが可能となり、食品業界において広く利用されることが期待される。 According to the present invention, the spread of rice flour bread and the safe supply of bread to people who are allergic to wheat flour are made possible and are expected to be widely used in the food industry.
1 組成物
2 混合機
3 混捏物
4 容器
5 冷凍庫
6 ノングルテン米粉パン生地
7 パン酵母
8 ニーダー
9 焼き型
10 ノングルテン米粉パン
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Composition 2 Mixer 3 Kneaded material 4 Container 5 Freezer 6 Non-gluten rice flour bread dough 7 Bread yeast 8 Kneader 9 Baking mold 10 Non-gluten rice flour bread
Claims (6)
A thawing step of thawing the non-gluten rice flour bread dough according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and after kneading so that the temperature of the kneaded dough becomes 28 to 35 ° C by adding yeast to the thawed dough A method for producing non-gluten rice flour bread, comprising: a fermentation step of fermenting at a temperature of 28 to 35 ° C .; and a heating cooking step of cooking the fermented bread dough.
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