JP2015067868A - Tungsten heat resistant alloy, friction agitation joint tool, and production method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat resistant alloy for plastic working capable of satisfying physical properties such as proof and hardness coping with a higher melting point of an object to be worked.SOLUTION: The tungsten heat resistant alloy of the invention comprises: a first phase mainly formed of W; a second phase mainly formed of carbonitride of at least one kind of Ti, Zr, Hf; a third phase disposed between the first phase and the second phase and having solid solutions of W and carbonitride of at least one kind of Ti, Zr, Hf; and inevitable impurities as a balance. A content of the carbonitride is equal to or more than 5 volume% and less than 30 volume%.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tungsten heat resistant alloy suitable for a plastic working tool used in a high temperature environment, particularly a friction stir welding tool, a friction stir welding tool using the same, and a method for producing a tungsten heat resistant alloy.

  In recent years, there has been a demand for heat-resistant alloys suitable for extending the life of plastic working tools used in high-temperature environments, such as hot extrusion dies, seamless pipe piercer plugs, and injection molding hot runner nozzles.

  In particular, rotary tools used for friction stir welding (hereinafter also abbreviated as FSW), which are being developed in recent years, have developed materials with high high-temperature strength and room temperature hardness in order to expand the application range of friction stir welding. It is out.

  Friction stir welding is a method in which a rotating tool is pressed against a joint portion of a metal member, and a material to be joined softened by the frictional heat is plastically flowed and joined. Friction stir welding has already been put into practical use in joining low melting point, soft materials such as aluminum and magnesium, and its application range is expanding. However, at present, there is a demand for the development of a tool having a practical life with improved high-temperature strength and wear resistance in order to be applied to a material to be bonded having a higher melting point and harder.

  The reason is that in FSW, when the material to be joined is softened by frictional heat, the temperature of the tool generally rises to around 70% of the melting point of the material to be joined, although there are differences depending on the joining conditions and the material to be joined. Because there are things. That is, this temperature is about 400 ° C. for low melting point aluminum, whereas it reaches 1000 to 1200 ° C. for steel materials. Therefore, the tool material has a high temperature that can cause the material to be joined to plastically flow even in this temperature range. Strength, toughness and wear resistance are required. This is a common problem for tools used in FSW, FSJ (Friction Spot Joining) and friction stir application techniques.

In addition, since materials used for friction stir welding tools and hot working tools are required to have wear resistance and fracture resistance, not only strength and hardness at high temperatures but also toughness is required. The heat-resistant materials that have been proposed so far include W and Mo-based heat-resistant alloys, but the inventors have also found that an alloy exhibiting excellent high-temperature characteristics can be obtained by adding TiCN to Mo, and earnestly developed it. As a result, by adjusting the amount of TiCN added, it was possible to develop a material with a balance of hardness, strength and toughness (Non-Patent Document 1). However, W and Mo heat-resistant alloys are used as tool materials in many cases assuming iron-based materials as processing objects, and carbon steel and stainless steel are particularly difficult to process due to their high deformation resistance. It is done. When hot plastic working of iron-based materials, the temperature during use of the tool is around 1000 ° C., so when using a Mo-based base tool, Fe mainly contained in the workpiece and Mo mainly contained in the tool React with each other to form Fe-Mo intermetallic compounds on the tool surface. Among them, Fe ₇ Mo ₆ (μ phase) is known to have hard and brittle properties (Non-patent Document 2), and when formed on the tool surface, this intermetallic compound phase falls off, so the amount of tool wear Can be a cause of increase. On the other hand, W, which is also known as a high melting point material, shows from the state diagram that it does not form an intermetallic compound in the tool operating temperature range. Therefore, when a Mo-based alloy is used as a tool material, an intermetallic compound is used. There is a problem of formation, but the problem can be solved by using a W-based alloy.

  As a tool for friction stir welding of high melting point materials, W-based alloys have already attracted attention. W-Re materials (Patent Document 1) and W-PcBN (composite materials with W-Re alloys and hard materials) Patent Document 2) and the like have been developed. Other examples include Co-based alloys (Patent Documents 3 and 4), W-TiCN cemented carbide (Patent Documents 5 and 6), Ni-based superalloy (Patent Document 7), Ir alloy (Patent Document 8) silicon nitride. The friction stir welding tool of (Patent Document 9) has been developed.

JP 2004-358556 A Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2003-532543 International Publication No. 2007/032293 Specification JP 2011-62731 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-279911 JP 57-47845 A JP 2009-255170 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-90050 International Publication No. 2005/105360 Specification

Powder and Powder Metallurgy Association Lecture Summary (2013 Spring Meeting), Powder and Powder Metallurgy Association, 2013, page 25 Intermetallics, Vol. 15 (2007) 1573-1581 Phase Diagrams of Binary Tungsten Alloys, Indian Institute of Metal (1991) 89

  As described above, various materials have been developed as friction stir welding tool materials whose joining objects are iron-based materials.

  However, the above materials have the following problems.

  First, W-Re is excellent in toughness but easy to wear, and PcBN has a defect that it is excellent in wear resistance but easily breaks. W-Re / PcBN is a very excellent material having both fracture resistance and wear resistance, but it is expensive and has a problem of poor practicality.

  On the other hand, Co-based alloys are effective for joining titanium alloys, but there is a problem that they cannot be applied to stainless steel joints because of insufficient wear resistance.

  Ni-base superalloys are insufficient as wear-resistant materials because of their low hardness at high temperatures.

  Furthermore, the Ir alloy has a problem that it is difficult to put it to practical use because Ir, which is a high melting point alloy raw material, is expensive.

  On the other hand, W-TiCN cemented carbide is mainly used as a cutting tool and is a brittle material, so it is unsuitable for use in joining high melting point materials.

  Further, silicon nitride is effective for joining stainless steel thin plates, but when joining thick plates exceeding 5 mm, there is a problem that the probe length is long and the possibility of breakage is high.

  As described above, the conventional friction stir welding tool material does not have a structure having both strength and practicality when iron-based materials are to be joined.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide a tungsten heat-resistant alloy for plastic working tools that satisfies both physical properties such as proof stress and hardness corresponding to the workpiece and practicality. There is.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the inventor examined the W-TiCN alloy again.

  As described above, since W has a brittle characteristic compared to Mo, only hard particles (TiCN), which is also a brittle material, is added to W to achieve high strength and high hardness (especially at high temperatures). Was considered difficult.

  However, the inventors added Ti, Zr, and Hf carbonitrides as hard particles to W at a predetermined ratio, and thus the characteristics superior to those of Mo were obtained without significantly impairing brittleness. The inventors have found that a heat-resistant material can be obtained, and have come to the present invention.

  That is, the first aspect of the present invention includes a first phase mainly composed of W, a second phase mainly composed of at least one carbonitride of Ti, Zr, and Hf, and the second phase. And a third phase having W and at least one carbonitride solid solution of Ti, Zr, and Hf, the balance being inevitable impurities, and the carbonitride content being 5 It is a tungsten heat-resistant alloy having a volume% or more and less than 30% by volume.

  A second aspect of the present invention is a friction stir welding tool using the tungsten alloy described in the first aspect.

  In the third aspect of the present invention, the surface of the friction stir welding tool according to the second aspect is selected from the group consisting of periodic table IVa, Va, VIa, group IIIb elements and group IVb elements other than C. A friction stir welding tool having a coating layer containing carbide, nitride or carbonitride of at least one element or at least one element selected from these element groups.

  A fourth aspect of the present invention is a friction stir welding apparatus having the friction stir welding tool according to the second aspect or the third aspect.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, (a) mixing W powder and carbonitride powder, compression-molding the mixed powder obtained in (a) at room temperature (b), and (b) The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the first aspect, which comprises: (c) heating and sintering the molded body obtained by 1) at 1800 ° C. or more and 2000 ° C. or less in an atmosphere containing at least hydrogen or nitrogen It is a manufacturing method which manufactures.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the tungsten heat-resistant alloy for tools for plastic working which satisfies both physical properties, such as proof stress and hardness corresponding to the high melting point of a workpiece, and practicality compared with the former can be provided.

It is a schematic diagram of each phase in the tungsten heat-resistant alloy which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which imitated the structure photograph by the electron microscope of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy which concerns on embodiment of this invention, a light color part is the 1st phase 1, a dark color part is the 2nd phase 2, and an intermediate color part is the 3rd phase 3. Is shown. It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the carbonitride in the tungsten heat-resistant alloy which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the carbonitride in the tungsten heat-resistant alloy which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the friction stir welding tool 101 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of a three-point bending test. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of a three-point bending test. It is a figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction result of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy which forms the friction stir welding tool which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is the figure which modeled the enlarged photograph of the cross section of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy which forms the friction stir welding tool which concerns on the Example of this invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments suitable for the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<Tungsten heat-resistant alloy composition>
First, the composition of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy used for the friction stir welding tool (plastic working tool) according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view of each phase in a tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a structure photograph of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy by an electron microscope.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tungsten heat-resistant alloy used in the friction stir welding tool according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first phase 1 mainly composed of W and at least one of Ti, Zr, and Hf. A second phase 2 mainly composed of two carbonitrides, a third phase 3 provided around the second phase and having at least one carbonitride solid solution of W and Ti, Zr, and Hf, The balance is an inevitable impurity, and the content of carbonitride is 5% by volume or more and less than 30% by volume. 1 illustrates the case where the carbonitride is TiCN, and FIG. 2 illustrates the case where the content of TiCN is 26.8% by volume.

  In FIGS. 1 and 2, the third phase 3 is formed so as to cover the periphery of the second phase 2.

Hereinafter, each phase and materials constituting each phase will be described.
<First phase>
The first phase is a phase mainly composed of W. The main component here means a component having the highest content (the same applies hereinafter).

  Specifically, the first phase is composed of, for example, W and inevitable impurities, but depending on the content of carbonitride described later, the elements constituting the carbonitride are dissolved in the first phase. In some cases.

  W in the first phase is indispensable for having a high melting point, high hardness, excellent strength at high temperature, and imparting physical properties as a metal to the heat-resistant alloy.

  The average crystal grain size of W in the alloy is desirably 0.3 μm or more and 20 μm or less. This is because if the average crystal grain size is less than 0.3 μm or exceeds 20 μm, the density of the alloy becomes too low to evaluate characteristics such as hardness.

<Second phase>
The second phase is a phase mainly composed of at least one of Ti, Zr, and Hf carbonitride, and specifically includes, for example, the above-described carbonitride and inevitable impurities.

  When added to W, the carbonitrides of Ti, Zr, and Hf in the second phase, as will be described later, crystal grains are refined to increase room temperature hardness and 0.2% yield strength at high temperatures. It is essential because it can.

A typical carbonitride includes TiCN, and the composition of TiCN includes, for example, TiC _x N _1-x (x = 0.3 to 0.7). thereof include _{TiC 0.3 N 0.7, TiC 0.5 N} 0.5, like TiC _{0.7 N 0.3.}

Among them, TiC _0.5 N _0.5 is known as a typical one, but titanium carbonitride, zirconium carbonitride, and hafnium carbonitride having other compositions are also TiC _0.5 N _0.5. The effect of crystal grain refinement can be obtained in the same manner as above.

  In addition, when the content of carbonitride (for example, TiCN) in the alloy is less than 5% by volume, the effect of increasing the 0.2% proof stress at room temperature hardness and high temperature cannot be obtained. Since the toughness is lowered, there is a problem in that the toughness is lost or cracked when used as the tool. On the other hand, when the content is 30% by volume or more, the anti-segregation force is lower than that of Mo-TiCN, so the superiority to the molybdenum heat-resistant alloy is lost.

  Therefore, the carbonitride content in the alloy is preferably 5% by volume or more and less than 30% by volume.

  In addition, when the content of carbonitride in the alloy exceeds 15% by volume, ductility is lowered and brittle fracture is likely to occur. Therefore, the content of carbonitride in the alloy is 5% by volume or more and 15% by volume. More preferably, it is 5 volume% or more and 8 volume% or less. However, when the present invention is applied to a tool in which hardness is more important than ductility, such as a tool for FSJ, an alloy in which the content of carbonitride in the alloy exceeds 15% by volume is also applicable.

<Third phase>
The third phase is a layer formed around the second phase, and is mainly composed of a solid solution of W of the first phase and carbonitride of the second phase, and is composed of this and inevitable impurities. .

<Inevitable impurities>
The tungsten heat-resistant alloy forming the friction stir welding tool according to the present invention may contain inevitable impurities in addition to the above-described essential components.

  Inevitable impurities include metal components such as Fe, Ni, and Cr, and C, N, and O.

<TiCN particle size>
Next, with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 regarding the particle size (second phase particle size) of carbonitride in the sintered tungsten heat-resistant alloy forming the friction stir welding tool according to the embodiment of the present invention. I will explain.

  3 and 4 are diagrams showing the particle size distribution of carbonitrides in the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Here, TiCN is described as an example of carbonitride, but the same applies to zirconium carbonitride, hafnium carbonitride, and the like.

  The average particle size of TiCN in the sintered tungsten heat-resistant alloy forming the friction stir welding tool according to the embodiment of the present invention is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. This is due to the following reason.

First, the reason why the average particle size is 0.1 μm or more will be described.
If the average particle size is made smaller than 0.1 μm, the average particle size of the TiCN powder to be blended needs to be made smaller than 0.1 μm. However, such fine particles generally tend to be easily aggregated, and the aggregated secondary particles are liable to form remarkable coarse particles by sintering and also facilitate the generation of pores. In order not to form such remarkable coarse particles, it is necessary to lower the sintering temperature. However, the lowering of the sintering temperature causes a decrease in the density of the sintered body.

  Therefore, the average particle size of TiCN is preferably 0.1 μm or more.

Next, the reason why the average particle size is 10 μm or less will be described.
If the average particle size of TiCN in the tungsten heat-resistant alloy is larger than 10 μm, the coarse TiCN inhibits the sintering and the sintering yield becomes extremely poor, which may not be industrial. Further, even if sintering is possible, coarse TiCN particles may be the starting point of fracture, which may reduce the mechanical strength.

  Therefore, the average particle size of TiCN is preferably 10 μm or less.

  Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the density of the sintered body and ensuring uniformity, the average particle size of TiCN is more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 3 μm or less.

  In addition, although mentioned later for details, the average particle diameter here is the value calculated | required by the line intercept method.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the TiCN grains in the alloy have a ratio of the number of particles of 0.1 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less of 40% or more and 60% or less of the entire TiCN grains in the alloy. Is preferred. As described above, it is preferable that the average particle size of TiCN particles is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. However, when the particle size distribution is too broad, it is sintered when the particle size distribution is too broad. This is because it may lead to non-uniform body structure, that is, non-uniform characteristics of the sintered body. On the other hand, it is difficult to obtain a powder with a very uniform particle size, which is disadvantageous in terms of manufacturing cost. Because.

  Furthermore, the effect of addition can be further enhanced by interweaving fine grains and coarse grains with TiCN grains. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the number ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less is a ratio of 20% or more and 40% or less of the entire TiCN grains in the alloy. It is more preferable that the number ratio of the particles of 0.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less is 10% or more and 20% or less of the entire TiCN grains in the alloy. By making such a distribution, TiCN grains having a grain size on the fine grain side of 0.1 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less mainly contribute to the effect of increasing the grain boundary strength of W by intervening in the grain boundary of W. (Effect A) On the other hand, TiCN grains having a grain size of 5.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less on the coarse grain side contribute to the effect of increasing the hardness of the entire tungsten heat-resistant alloy (effect B).

  If the number ratio of the particles having a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less is lower than 20%, the ratio of coarse particles is increased, so that the effect A is difficult to be obtained. Since the ratio is too high and it is difficult to obtain the effect B, it is not preferable.

  Further, if the number ratio of the particles having a particle size of 5.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less is lower than 10%, the ratio of coarse particles becomes low, so that the effect B is difficult to be obtained. This is not preferable because the ratio of the above increases and it is difficult to obtain the effect A.

  Furthermore, the maximum crystal grain size of the carbonitride in the alloy is desirably 1 μm or more and 30 μm or less. This is because if the maximum crystal grain size is less than 1 μm or exceeds 30 μm, the density of the alloy becomes too low to evaluate characteristics such as hardness.

<Physical properties>
Next, the physical properties of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy for friction stir welding tools according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  As the strength of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention, the 0.2% proof stress (equivalent to bending) at 1200 ° C. is 400 MPa or more, and the Vickers hardness (room temperature hardness) at room temperature (here 20 ° C., the same applies hereinafter). 500 Hv or more.

  By making the tungsten heat-resistant alloy with such physical properties, the tungsten heat-resistant alloy is applied to heat-resistant members that require high melting point and high strength, such as friction stir welding members for Fe-based, FeCr-based, Ti-based, etc. can do.

  The 0.2% proof stress (equivalent to bending) here refers to the stress when the permanent strain amount is 0.2% after a bending test. Equivalent) ”.

  In spite of the fact that the present invention is a tungsten “heat-resistant” alloy, the room temperature hardness is a condition for the following reasons.

  When the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention is used as a friction stir welding tool, the wear amount of the tool is closely related to the hardness of the tool material, and the higher the hardness, the more effective the tool wear amount can be reduced. In the case of friction stir welding, since a high load is applied to the tool when the tool is inserted, wear during insertion appears significantly. At the time of insertion, both the tool and the work still generate little heat, and the temperature of both is not high. Therefore, the wear amount of the tool depends on the hardness at room temperature.

Further, the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention may be used as a friction stir welding tool itself, but in many cases, it is used as a friction stir welding tool base material, and a periodic table IVa, Va, VIa. Including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IIIb elements and Group IVb elements other than C, or a carbide, nitride or carbonitride of at least one element selected from these element groups A coating is coated on the surface to form a tool. Here, when actually used as a tool, first, the tool is rotated while being strongly pushed into the material to be joined at room temperature, and the temperature of the object to be joined is increased by frictional heat. Therefore, it is necessary that the base material has a high room temperature hardness (500 Hv or more) so that the base material is not deformed or broken at the initial stage of rotation or the base material and the coating film are not peeled off.
The above is the conditions for the tungsten heat-resistant alloy.

<Manufacturing method>
Next, a tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention and a method for producing a friction stir welding tool using the same will be described with reference to FIG.

  The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention and the method for producing a friction stir welding tool using the same are not particularly limited as long as the friction stir welding tool that satisfies the above conditions can be produced. A method as shown in FIG. 5 can be exemplified.

  First, the raw material powder is mixed at a predetermined ratio to generate a mixed powder (S1 in FIG. 5).

  Examples of the raw material include W powder and TiCN powder (or carbonitride powders such as titanium carbonitride, zirconium carbonitride, and hafnium carbonitride). The conditions of each powder will be briefly described below.

  The W powder preferably has a purity of 99.99% by mass or more and an Fss (Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer) average particle size of 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm.

  In addition, W powder purity here is obtained by the analysis method of the tungsten material of JIS H1403, and is Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn. It means the pure metal part excluding the value.

  The carbonitride powder preferably has a purity of 99.9% or more and an Fsss average particle diameter of 0.1 μm to 10.0 μm.

  The purity of the carbonitride powder referred to here means a pure component excluding Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, and Sn.

  Moreover, the apparatus and method used for mixing the powder are not particularly limited, and for example, a known mixer such as a mortar, a V-type mixer, or a ball mill can be used.

  Next, the obtained mixed powder is compression molded to form a molded body (S2 in FIG. 5).

  The apparatus used for compression molding is not particularly limited, and a known molding machine such as a uniaxial pressing machine or CIP (Cold Isostatic Pressing) may be used. As a condition during compression, the temperature during compression may be room temperature (20 ° C.).

  On the other hand, in the case of CIP, the molding pressure is preferably 98 to 294 MPa (room temperature). This is because if the molding pressure is less than 98 MPa, the molded body cannot obtain a sufficient density, and if it exceeds 294 MPa, the compression device and the mold become large, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

  Next, the obtained molded body is heated and sintered (S3 in FIG. 5).

Specifically, heating is performed at 1800 ° C. or more and 2000 ° C. or less in an atmosphere containing at least hydrogen or nitrogen (for example, H ₂ , H ₂ —Ar, H ₂ —N ₂ mixed atmosphere, reduced pressure N ₂ atmosphere, etc.). preferable.

  This is because when the heating temperature is less than 1800 ° C., the sintering is insufficient and the density of the sintered body becomes low, and when the heating temperature is higher than 2000 ° C., the decomposition of TiCN proceeds to cause a huge columnar shape. This is because the crystal grains are grown, and as a result, the strength of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy is lowered. Therefore, when sintering, it is preferable to sinter at 1800 degreeC or more and 2000 degrees C or less. The reason for the atmosphere containing at least hydrogen or nitrogen is that hydrogen has an action of reducing oxygen contained in the raw material powder, and nitrogen has an effect of preventing denitrification during sintering. The pressure at the time of sintering can be atmospheric pressure, but is not limited to this, and sintering can be performed by either pressurization or reduced pressure.

  Next, when the relative density of the obtained sintered body is about 95%, it is preferable to perform hot isostatic pressing (hereinafter also referred to as HIP) in an inert atmosphere. (S4 in FIG. 5). However, if the relative density of the obtained sintered body is 96% or more, even if HIP is omitted, the room temperature hardness and the 0.2% yield strength at high temperatures are hardly lowered.

  As specific pressurizing conditions for performing HIP, it is preferable to perform the HIP treatment in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 1400 to 1800 ° C. and a pressure of 152.0 to 253.3 MPa. This is because the density cannot be increased below this range, and if it exceeds this range, a large apparatus is required, which affects the manufacturing cost.

  The material of the friction stir welding tool thus obtained is subjected to processing such as cutting, grinding and polishing (S5 in FIG. 5), and the friction stir welding tool is produced.

  The above is the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention and the manufacturing method of the friction stir welding tool using the same.

<Friction stir welding tool>
The tungsten heat-resistant alloy forming the friction stir welding tool according to the embodiment of the present invention has the above-described configuration. Here, the friction stir welding tool using the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention is used. The configuration will be briefly described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 6 is a side view showing the friction stir welding tool 101 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the friction stir welding tool 101 includes a shank 102 connected to a main shaft (not shown) of the joining device, a shoulder portion 103 that comes into contact with the surface of the joining object during joining, and is inserted into the joining object during joining. The pin portion 104 is provided.

  Among these, at least the base material of the shoulder 103 and the pin portion 104 is formed of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the present invention.

  Further, the periodic table IVa, Va, VIa, IIIb group elements and IVb other than C are applied to the surface of the tungsten heat-resistant alloy so that the friction stir welding tool is not oxidized or welded to the object to be joined by the temperature during use. The surface is coated with at least one element selected from the group consisting of group elements, or a carbide, nitride, or carbonitride of at least one element selected from these element groups. preferable. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 1 to 20 μm. When the thickness of the coating layer is less than 1 μm, the effect of providing the coating layer cannot be expected. On the other hand, when the thickness of the coating layer is 20 μm or more, an excessive stress is generated and the film may be peeled off, which may extremely deteriorate the yield.

As such a coating (coating layer), TiC, TiN, TiCN, ZrC, ZrN, ZrCN, VC, VN, VCN, CrC, CrN, CrCN, TiAlN, TiSiN, TiCrN, and at least two or more of these layers And having a multilayer film containing Here, the composition ratio of each element of the coating layer can be arbitrarily set. The TiCN is not limited to the X value of TiC _x N _1-x (x = 0.3 to 0.7) described in the present invention.

  The formation method of a coating layer is not specifically limited, A film can be formed by a well-known method. Typical methods include PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) processing such as arc ion plating and sputtering, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) processing that coats by chemical reaction, and plasma CVD processing that decomposes and ionizes gaseous elements by plasma. However, any method can be used to process from a single layer film to a multilayer film, and excellent adhesion can be exhibited when the tungsten heat-resistant alloy of the present invention is used as a base material.

  Thus, the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first phase mainly composed of tungsten, and a second phase mainly composed of at least one carbonitride of Ti, Zr, and Hf, A third phase having a solid solution containing W and at least one carbonitride of Ti, Zr, and Hf provided around the second phase, the balance being inevitable impurities, containing carbonitride The amount is 5% by volume or more and less than 30% by volume.

  Therefore, the friction stir welding tool using the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention has both physical properties and practicality such as proof stress and hardness corresponding to the higher melting point of the object to be joined (working object) than before. Satisfy.

  Hereinafter, based on an Example, this invention is demonstrated in detail.

Example 1
Tungsten heat-resistant alloys with different carbonitride contents were prepared, and the room temperature hardness was compared with that of molybdenum heat-resistant alloys. The specific procedure is as follows.

<Preparation of sample>
First, W powder as a base material (first phase) and Mo powder as a comparative example were prepared as raw materials, and TiCN powder, ZrCN powder, and HfCN powder as end nitrides were prepared. Specifically, W powder having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more and an average particle diameter of 1.2 μm by the Fsss method manufactured by Allied Materials was used.

  Moreover, the Mo powder used had a purity of 99.99% by mass or more and an average particle diameter measured by the Fsss method of 4.3 μm manufactured by Allied Materials.

  Furthermore, TiCN powder manufactured by Allied Material Co., Ltd., having a purity of 99.9% by mass and having an average particle diameter of 0.8 μm by the Fsss method was used as TiCN powder.

  The ZrCN powder was ZrCN powder made by Allied Material, product type, 5OV25, and having an average particle size of 2.0 μm to 3.0 μm by the Fss method.

  Further, as the HfCN powder, a powder produced by the present applicant and having an average particle diameter of 2.0 μm to 3.0 μm by the Fsss method was used.

  Paraffin was used as a binder for promoting the moldability, and 3 to 62% by volume of TiCN powder, ZrCN powder, or HfCN powder was added to W powder or Mo powder with respect to the total volume of the powder. Here, the volume% is obtained by measuring the weight when blending the raw materials and dividing by the density to convert the volume ratio.

Next, these powders are mixed in a mortar at the blending ratio shown in Table 1 to be described later to produce a mixed powder, and using a single screw press machine, at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a molding pressure of 3 ton / cm ³ . The molded product was obtained by compression molding.

  Next, the obtained molded body was heated at a temperature of 1900 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) to obtain a sintered body having a relative density of 90% or more.

  Further, the sintered body was subjected to HIP treatment at a treatment temperature of 1600 ° C. under an Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 202.7 MPa to produce a tungsten heat-resistant alloy having a relative density of about 98% and a molybdenum heat-resistant alloy as a comparative example.

<Hardness measurement>
Next, the hardness of the obtained tungsten heat-resistant alloy and molybdenum heat-resistant alloy was measured.

  Specifically, using a micro Vickers hardness meter (model number: AVK) manufactured by Akashi Co., Ltd., using a diamond as the measurement indenter and applying a measurement load of 20 kg to the sample at 20 ° C. in the atmosphere for 15 seconds, Hardness was measured. The number of measurement points was 5 and the average value was calculated.

The results are shown in Table 1.

  As apparent from Table 1, when the content of carbonitride is less than 5% by volume (3% by volume in Table 1), the hardness of the alloy is about the same as the hardness of pure tungsten (about Hv400), and carbonitriding It turned out that the effect which adds a thing is not acquired.

  On the other hand, when the content of carbonitride exceeds 60%, the proportion of carbonitride increases, and the hardness does not change from that of the Mo alloy, so there is no advantage over the Mo-TiCN alloy described in Non-Patent Document 1. I understood.

<High temperature strength measurement>
Next, the high temperature strength of the obtained alloy was evaluated.

  Since the friction stir welding tool performs welding by lateral movement of the tool while rotating, the strength against rotational bending at high temperature is necessary, but the high-temperature rotating bending test is special. Therefore, the high temperature strength was evaluated here by a simple bending test. Furthermore, since the friction stir welding tool is required to have deformation resistance, for the purpose of carrying out the evaluation with the same strain amount, the stress when 0.2% strain is generated for convenience is used, that is, 0.2% proof stress is used. (In general, 0.2% proof stress is used for evaluation of materials with unclear yield points during tensile testing).

The 0.2% yield strength (equivalent to bending) was measured by the following procedure.
First, sample pieces of tungsten heat-resistant alloy and molybdenum heat-resistant alloy were processed to have a length of about 25 mm, a width of 2.5 mm, and a thickness of 1.0 mm, and the surface was polished with # 600 SiC polishing paper. did.

  Next, as shown in the schematic diagrams shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the sample piece 11 is set in an Instron high-temperature universal testing machine (model number: 5867 type) so that the distance between the pins 13 is 16 mm. Then, at 1200 ° C., the head 15 was pressed against the sample at a crosshead speed of 1 mm / min, a three-point bending test was performed, and a 0.2% yield strength was measured. The 0.2% proof stress was obtained by calculating the bending stress and strain in the three-point bending test using the following formula, drawing a stress-strain diagram, and analyzing the stress that causes 0.2% permanent strain. .

Bending stress = 3FL / 2bh ²
Bending strain = 600 sh / L ²
Here, F: test load (N), L: distance between fulcrums (mm), b: width of the test piece (mm), h: thickness of the test piece (mm), s: deflection amount (mm). .

  Furthermore, since the relationship between the load and the amount of deflection can be obtained by the above measurement, the amount of deflection at the time of fracture was read to evaluate toughness. However, the amount of deflection is within 6 mm, which is the device limit, and when it reaches 6 mm, the measurement was interrupted and it was decided to treat it as a full bend.

The results are shown in Table 2.

  As is apparent from Table 2, when TiCN is contained in W by 30% by volume or more, the segregation power is reduced as compared with the case where TiCN is contained in Mo. Therefore, the content of TiCN is less than 30% by volume. It turned out to be desirable.

  Moreover, when TiCN was contained in W over 15 volume%, since brittle fracture | rupture was raise | generated, it turned out that it is more desirable that the upper limit of content of TiCN shall be 15 volume% or less.

  In addition, the average particle diameter of the carbonitride of the sintered compact obtained in these tests was 0.7 μm, and the average particle diameter of tungsten was 0.8 μm. As carbonitride, ZrCN and HfCN were also used in addition to TiCN, but room temperature hardness and high-temperature strength equivalent to TiCN were obtained.

<X-ray diffraction test>
Next, among the alloys described above, X-ray diffraction was performed under the following conditions for W containing 10% by volume, 20% by volume, 30% by volume, and 40% by volume of TiCN.

Equipment: X-ray diffractometer (Empyrean) manufactured by PANalytical
Tube: Cu (Kα X-ray diffraction)
Solar slit: 0.04 rad
Divergence slit opening angle: 1/2 °
Scattering slit opening angle 1 °
Tube current: 40 mA
Tube voltage: 45kV
Scan speed: 0.33 ° / min
The results are shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the peaks obtained by X-ray diffraction are only peaks caused by W and TiCN regardless of the volume ratio of TiCN being 10% by volume, 20% by volume, 30% by volume, or 40% by volume. Was observed, and no peak attributable to the inevitable compound produced by the decomposition of TiCN was observed. Therefore, it was found that TiCN was not decomposed in the above sample.

(Example 2)
Next, the carbonitride to be added to W is TiCN, the mixing ratio of TiCN is 10% by volume, TiCN in the alloy, an alloy in which the average particle diameter of W and the maximum particle diameter of TiCN are changed, and relative Density and room temperature hardness were evaluated.

  Specifically, the control method of the average particle size of TiCN uses TiCN powder manufactured by Allied Material (variety names 5OR08, 5MP15, 5MP30), or powder prepared by classifying and pulverizing the powder, and sintering. It was performed by adjusting the time and controlling the progress of grain growth. Moreover, the control method of the average particle diameter of tungsten was performed by using a powder prepared by pulverizing and classifying W powder manufactured by Allied Material, adjusting the sintering time, and controlling the progress of grain growth. .

  The particle size was measured by the intercept method. The specific procedure is as follows. First, an enlarged photograph at a magnification of 1000 times is taken for the cross section to be measured, and on this photograph, a straight line is arbitrarily drawn as shown in FIG. The total grain size was calculated by measuring the grain size of each crystal grain across the shape. Next, the field of view measured was 120 μm × 90 μm, and 50 or more particles were measured.

  Moreover, the judgment whether the observed crystal grain was either W or TiCN was performed by the line analysis by EPMA under the following conditions.

Analysis conditions for line analysis by EPMA Equipment: EPMA1720H (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
Acceleration voltage: 15 kV
Beam current: 20 nA
Beam size: 1μm
Measurement magnification: 5000 times Integration time: 20 s / point

The relative density was measured by the following procedure. The relative density here is a value expressed by% by dividing the density measured for the prepared sample (bulk) by the theoretical density.
Hereinafter, a specific measurement method will be described.

(Bulk density measurement)
The bulk density was determined by the Archimedes method. Specifically, the weight in the air and water was measured, and the bulk density was determined using the following formula.
Bulk density = weight in air / (weight in air-weight in water) x density of water

(Measurement of theoretical density)
First, the theoretical density of the W—TiCN alloy was determined by the following procedure.

(1) The mass ratio (0 to 1) of Ti in the bulk material is obtained by ICP-AES, the mass ratio of C and N is also obtained by chemical analysis, the mass ratio (Zc) of TiCN is calculated, and the mass ratio of W (Zm) was calculated as 1-Zc.

(2) The density of W was Mm (= 19.3 g / cm ³ ), the density of TiCN was Mc (= 5.1 g / cm ³ ), and the mass ratio was converted into a volume ratio.
That is, the volume ratio of TiCN when TiCN is added is expressed as follows.
TiCN volume ratio = [Zc / Mc] / [Zc / Mc + Zm / Mm]
Further, the volume ratio of W is expressed as follows.
Volume ratio of W = [Zm / Mm] / [Zc / Mc + Zm / Mm]

(3) The theoretical density of the entire bulk was obtained by multiplying the obtained volume ratio by the density. Finally, the bulk density was divided by the theoretical density to obtain the relative density.
The hardness was determined in the same manner as in Example 1.

The results are shown in Table 3.

  As is apparent from Table 3, when the average particle size of TiCN in the sintered body is less than 0.1 μm or more than 10 μm, or when the average particle size of tungsten is less than 0.3 μm, or more than 20 μm, the TiCN When the maximum particle size was less than 1.0 μm or more than 30 μm, the density of the sintered body was too low to evaluate the relative density and room temperature hardness.

  Therefore, it was found that the average particle size of TiCN is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, the average particle size of tungsten is 0.3 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and the maximum particle size is preferably 1.0 μm or more and 30 μm or less. .

(Example 3)
The carbonitride added to W is TiCN, the mixing ratio of TiCN is 10% by volume, the average particle size of TiCN in the sintered body is 0.7 μm, the average particle size of tungsten is 0.8 μm, the particle size of TiCN Samples with different distributions were prepared and the effect of particle size distribution was evaluated.

  Specifically, the particle size of TiCN is adjusted to 0.1 μm or more and 5 μm or less by classifying and adjusting a titanium carbonitride powder (variety name 5OR08, 5MP15, 5MP30) manufactured by Allied Material or a powder obtained by pulverizing it. The number ratio was controlled.

The results are shown in Table 4.

  As shown in Table 4, among the TiCN grains in the alloy, those having a particle size ratio of 0.1 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less having a number ratio of 40% and 60% have room temperature hardness compared to 30%. And the relative density was excellent.

  Moreover, it was difficult to obtain a powder having a particle size higher than 60% because it was very difficult to obtain a powder having a very uniform particle size.

  From this result, it was found that among the TiCN grains in the alloy, those having a number ratio of 0.1 to 5.0 μm having a number ratio of 40% to 60% are excellent in room temperature hardness and relative density.

Example 4
The carbonitride added to W is TiCN, the mixing ratio of TiCN is 10% by volume, the average particle size of TiCN in the sintered body is 0.7 μm, the average particle size of tungsten is 0.8 μm, the particle size of TiCN Samples with different distributions were prepared and the effect of particle size distribution was evaluated.

  Specifically, the average particle diameter of TiCN is 0.1 μm or more by classifying and adjusting titanium carbonitride powder (variety name 5OR08, 5MP15, 5MP30) manufactured by Allied Material, or powder obtained by pulverizing it. The number ratio of 3.5 μm or less and the number ratio of 5 μm or more and 7 μm or less were controlled.

The results are shown in Table 5.

  As shown in Table 5, among the TiCN grains in the alloy, the ratio of the number of particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 3.5 μm is 20% and 40% compared to 10% and 50%. The room temperature hardness and relative density were excellent.

  Similarly, among the TiCN grains in the alloy, the number ratio of particles having a particle size of 5.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less is 10% and 20%, and the hardness at room temperature is higher than that of 5% and 30%. The relative density was excellent.

  From this result, among TiCN grains in the alloy, the number ratio of those having a particle size of 0.1 to 3.5 μm is 20% to 40%, and the particle size is 5.0 to 7.0 μm. It was found that those having a number ratio of 10% or more and 30% or less were excellent in room temperature hardness, 0.2% proof stress, and relative density.

(Example 5)
A friction stir welding tool was manufactured using a tungsten alloy within the required range, and was used for stainless steel friction stir welding.

  Specifically, using a two-dimensional friction stir welding apparatus manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., with a tool rotation speed of 600 rpm, a travel speed of 100 mm / min, a tool pushing amount of 2.5 mm, and a travel distance of 100 mm, the TiCN blending ratio of Example 1 is 10 Using a volume% sample, SUS304 butt joining was performed to evaluate the amount of wear of the tool.

As a result, no chipping or cracking of the tool was observed, the wear was very small, and the joining state was good. On the other hand, among the cases where the tungsten alloy shown in the comparative example was used, the example in which the characteristic evaluation was possible was used for the friction stir welding tool, but cracks were found in the shoulder portion of the tool during use. There was a problem that the probe was missing.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on embodiment and an Example, this invention is not limited to above-described embodiment.

  It is natural for those skilled in the art to come up with various modifications and improvements within the scope of the present invention, and it is understood that these also belong to the scope of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the tungsten heat-resistant alloy is applied to the friction stir welding tool has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a glass melting jig, a high-temperature industrial furnace member, Heat resistance used in high temperature environments such as hot extrusion dies, seamless pipe piercer plugs, injection molding hot runner nozzles, casting insert molds, resistance heating vapor deposition containers, aircraft jet engines and rocket engines It can be applied to members.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st phase 2 2nd phase 3 3rd phase 11 Sample piece 13 Pin 15 Head 101 Friction stir welding tool 102 Shank 103 Shoulder part 104 Pin part

Claims (16)

A first phase mainly composed of W;
A second phase mainly composed of at least one carbonitride of Ti, Zr, and Hf;
A third phase provided around the second phase and having at least one carbonitride solid solution of W and Ti, Zr, Hf;
And the balance is inevitable impurities,
The tungsten heat-resistant alloy whose content of the said carbonitride is 5 volume% or more and less than 30 volume%.   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to claim 1, wherein the carbonitride content is 5% by volume or more and 15% by volume or less.   3. The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to claim 1, wherein the third phase having the carbonitride solid solution is formed so as to cover the periphery of the second phase mainly composed of the carbonitride.   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an average crystal grain size of the second phase carbonitride is 0.1 µm or more and 10 µm or less.   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an average crystal grain size of the second phase carbonitride is 0.1 µm or more and 3 µm or less.   The second phase carbonitride grains having a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less are 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of the second phase carbonitride grains. The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The second phase carbonitride grains having a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less are 20% or more and 40% or less of the total number of the second phase carbonitride grains. , 5.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less is the number ratio of 10% or more and 20% or less of the entire second phase carbonitride grains. Tungsten heat-resistant alloy.   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a maximum particle size of the second phase carbonitride is 1.0 µm or more and 30 µm or less.   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an average particle diameter of W in the alloy is 0.3 µm or more and 20 µm or less.   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having a Vickers hardness at room temperature of 500 Hv or higher and a 0.2% proof stress (equivalent to bending) or a bending strength of 500 MPa or higher at 1200 ° C. .   The tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which has a Vickers hardness at room temperature of 500 Hv or more and a 0.2% proof stress (equivalent to bending) and ductility of 500 MPa or more at 1200 ° C.   A friction stir welding tool using the tungsten heat-resistant alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 11.   The surface of the friction stir welding tool according to claim 12 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IVa, Va, VIa, Group IIIb elements and Group IVb elements other than C, or a group of these elements A friction stir welding tool having a coating layer containing carbide, nitride, or carbonitride of at least one selected element.   A friction stir welding apparatus comprising the friction stir welding tool according to claim 12. Mixing W powder and carbonitride powder (a);
(B) compressing the mixed powder obtained in (a) at room temperature;
(C) heating and sintering the molded body obtained by (b) at 1800 ° C. or more and 2000 ° C. or less in an atmosphere containing at least hydrogen or nitrogen;
The manufacturing method which manufactures the tungsten heat-resistant alloy as described in any one of Claims 1-11 provided with these. (D) Hot isostatic pressing is applied to the molded body or sintered body in an inert atmosphere after sintering or after sintering.
The manufacturing method which manufactures the tungsten heat-resistant alloy of Claim 15 which has these.

Images