JP2015057295A - Controlling rules and variables for cutting - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system for machine cutting several parts out of a piece of material using a beam cutting technology.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a set of controlling rules and variables for cutting two-dimensional shapes or patterns. One rule or a combination of several rules are used for a cutting operation depending on the shape or pattern to be cut, the shape or pattern forming parts (31, 32, 33, 34) out of a piece of material. The present invention specifically teaches that the set of controlling rules comprises rules for the forming of a cluster (3A) of parts with free form shapes, the parts being positioned so close to each other so that only a thickness of the cutting beam is found between adjacent parts whenever the shape of the parts allows it.

Description

  The present invention is a method for machine cutting several members from one material using beam cutting techniques, and provides a set of control rules and variables for cutting a two-dimensional shape or pattern The method relates to a method in which one rule or a combination of several rules is used for the cutting operation, depending on the shape or pattern to be cut, which shape or pattern forms several members from the one material .

  The present invention also relates to a system and computer program product through which the present invention can be implemented.

  There are various known cutting techniques for cutting a member from one material, and the present invention relates to a so-called beam cutting technique. Beam cutting is defined as having some kind of beam as a cutting means such as laser cutting, plasma cutting, ion beam cutting, gas or torch cutting, water cutting, pellet cutting or air cutting. This should not be confused with mechanical cutting where the cutting means is a mechanical member such as a saw blade or rotary cutting head.

  Conventionally, it is known to use a machining plan optimization tool based on a nesting member arrangement method for selecting and arranging members to be cut from one material. Nesting is a two-dimensional geometric optimization tool that is based on different heuristic search algorithms that rotate and pack polygons within a given work area. In graphical methods, nested machining plans provide a very good solution, but it is necessary to use a safe distance between the parts during manufacturing. The safety distance must take into account the machining and material technical conditions that occur in the manufacturing process. The size of the safety distance varies depending on the material used and the cutting technique used, and the normal safety distance between members is 5 to 20 mm.

Examples of control rules used to control the cutting action of the machine are:
・ Sharp edges,
・ Turning point,
-Beam braking in critical areas,
Sensing the cutting head,
Considering a grid that can position the material,
Taking into account the risk of swiveling of individual elements that have been cut in advance,
The length and angle of the introduction,
・ Length and angle of the lead-out part,
A micro-joint for the part, and a method of dealing with the use of different gases when cutting and the volume of extractable material in water cutting.

Examples of control rules related to the materials used are:
The direction of rotation for different metals,
·heat,
・ Stable material,
A different pattern in the material,
・ Material expansion and contraction,
・ Tolerance for parts, and ・ Part quality,
It can be.

  Due to the above-mentioned production and material-related conditions, scrap material is generated between the cut members.

  Since the beam forms a cut in the material, the thickness of the cut is the same as or coincides with the thickness of the beam, so the members are positioned on the material to set a safe distance between the members. In that case, the thickness of the beam must be taken into account. It is known to use tool radius compensation in the cutting process, and if the cutting part is formed on the left side of the member in its cutting direction, the left tool radius compensation is used and the cutting part is in its cutting direction. In the case of forming on the right side of the member, the right tool radius correction is used. Whenever the tool radius compensation is changed, the cutting process is stopped and a new drilling is performed after the beam is stopped.

  Some known methods used to provide a reliable production process is to use a microjoint between a member and the material surrounding it, commonly referred to as the material framework. The microjoint stops the cutting beam in the cut along the cutting path, moves the cutting device a small distance along the cutting path, then starts the cutting beam again, along the cutting path Formed by continuing cutting. And the small part which is not cut | disconnected will comprise a micro joint.

  In order to minimize the number of drill holes and positioning distance in the cutting process, it is known to manually place bridges and chain cut between members.

  It is also known to minimize material waste by using a common cut for a straight line between two points in order to minimize material waste and cut length. In a common cut, the distance between the two members is simply the thickness of the cutting beam, and no tool radius compensation is used during the cutting process.

  Whatever type of beam cutting technique is used, there are significant problems with debris. A typical reliable production cutting plan has 20-50% scrap. The background to the production of waste is the ineffective method of placing components on the raw material in combination with each cutting method and the technical rules for each material.

  When cutting technology is used as a manufacturing method, there are four different costs that present detailed prices. Typically, material costs far more than 50% of the detailed price, and three different categories of machine costs: drilling, location distance and cutting distance. The challenge is to reduce the amount of scrap material. It is also a challenge to limit the number of perforations required in the cutting process, and to optimize the position distance and cutting distance in the cutting process.

  The challenge is to minimize the distance between the free-form members in order to minimize scrap.

  If the members are very close to each other, keep the number of perforations to a minimum, provide a swivel area for the beam cutting process, and when there are no adjacent skeletons to which the members can be joined The problem is to avoid turning the member.

  The problem with beam cutting technology is that the cutting beam lags from the top surface of the material to the bottom surface of the material in the relative motion between the cutting device and the material. This means that if the machine stops its movement and swivels the current beam, the material will not be cut completely through at the end of the cut.

  Another issue is that if the cutting motion is stationary with the beam coming out to catch up on this delay, the material properties in the area around the stop will be affected, for example by some cutting methods Is heated and hardened. The same is true for the starting point of a new cut, in which case the perforation of the material will form a crater with a radius of material having affected properties around this starting point. Because of these challenges, an introduction and derivation may be used at the start and end of each cut, and the introduction and derivation are outside the actual cutting and are affected as a result. This region of material does not become part of the cut.

  For the purpose of solving one or more of the above-mentioned problems and from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned field of the present invention, the present invention provides a set of control rules for forming a group of free-form members. In this case, the members are in close proximity to each other so that only the thickness of one cutting beam can be found between adjacent members, as long as the shape of the members allows Teach it to be positioned.

  This will reduce scrap and will optimize the position distance and cutting distance in the cutting process.

  The present invention teaches that the set of control rules comprises a rule for joining a group of members by a microjoint that holds adjacent members together. Specifically, the microjoint initiates contour cutting at a set distance in the contour to be cut or at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut. Formed by stopping the cutting and thereby not completing the complete cutting of the contour, in which case the uncut start or stop of the contour constitutes and formed by the microjoint It is taught that the size of the microjoint matches its set distance. This makes it possible to form a micro joint during the cutting process without starting and stopping the cutting beam, thereby creating a cutting process with less starting and stopping of the cutting beam. Will. By doing so, a group of members connected to each other by the micro joint can be treated as one composite member in the cutting process.

  The set of control rules also separates the members in the group and couples the members that surround the group with those members by microjoints that hold the members together with the surrounding material. It is also contemplated to have rules. The microjoint also starts contour cutting by starting with a set distance within the contour to be cut, or at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut. Micro joint formed by stopping and thereby not completing the complete cutting of its contour, in which case the uncut start or stop of that contour constitutes the micro joint and thereby formed The size of matches the set distance. This can be more advantageous when the group of members simply includes a small number of members that are all easily connected to the surrounding material.

  It is contemplated that the size of the microjoint is controlled by its control rules, in which case the variables for controlling the size depend on the set distance, the material used and the cutting device used.

  Tool radius compensation is often required to maintain a desired distance between adjacent members and when the desired quality of the member being cut requires tool radius compensation. For the purpose of limiting the number of perforations and associated inlets and outlets, and for the purpose of allowing complex combinations of members associated with a group, the set of control rules can be used for the cutting beam. It is contemplated to have rules for switching between right tool radius compensation, left tool radius compensation and no tool radius compensation during continuous cutting of a line or contour without requiring turn-off and turn-on.

  For the same reason, the set of control rules can cut the gap formed by performing a cut segment for this purpose or by cutting a single line or contour that is always longer than necessary. It is also contemplated to have rules for the formation of strategically positioned swivel areas by utilizing them as swivel areas.

  The use of a gap as such a swivel area is done by allowing the cutting beam to catch up with the cutting device used in the swivel area, which is the cutting beam in the swivel area. The linear cutting beam as the cutting beam can change the direction and continue the cutting in a new direction.

  This ensures that if the machine changes the direction of the cutting beam to another direction, the cutting will still occur at the pivot point without leaving an undesirable bridging material between adjacent materials at the pivot point. It will be sure to be completed throughout.

  It is also contemplated that the set of control rules includes rules to allow the cutting beam to catch up with the cutting device used at the blocking point as the cutting beam crosses the blocking point. Has been.

  Since several members are positioned in close proximity to each other, their configuration may require very small angle cutting. These small angles can be formed by two straight cuts, by two tangents or curves, or by a combination of a straight cut and a curve leading to that angle. There is a technical problem with cutting small angles, and the present invention provides that the set of control rules includes rules for cutting small angles, which are cut with two cuts. One is for each line leading to that angle, and it is contemplated that each cut is said to be connected to the tip of that angle.

  Molding a group of members positioned very close to each other may require cutting a thin strip from the material, and the present invention has a small distance between the two cuts. If the material properties between the two cuts can be affected and begin to be disturbed, each cut is formed with two partial cuts, so that in a thin member, Teaches to minimize problems with affected materials. Those partial cuts are started from the members outside the respective cuts towards the center of the respective cuts.

  Also, the partial cuts are not formed to the end along the respective cuts, but the microjoint remains between the two partial cuts, and accordingly the adjacent members It is also contemplated that support for thin members can be achieved.

  If the group of members are joined together by a micro-joint, the group of members is entirely separated from the surrounding material or from materials between parts that do not belong to any member. It is intended to be cut.

  In order to further minimize scrap, whenever two or more groups are cut from one material, at least two different variables set the distance between adjacent members from the two different groups It is intended to be used for this purpose. A first variable representing a first minimum distance between adjacent members with adjacent parallel lines, and at least one of the adjacent members representing a second minimum distance between adjacent members having adjacent tangents. Because the two variables, in this case two parallel cuts, have more influence on the material of its adjacent members than the cuts with tangents, the distance represented by the second variable is the first Shorter than the distance represented by the variable.

  It is also contemplated that the second distance represented by the second variable depends on the radius of its tangent, where a smaller radius allows for a shorter minimum distance.

  It is also possible to provide a third variable representing a third minimum distance between adjacent members, in which case at least one of the adjacent members has a common corner, The third distance represented by the three variables is shorter than the distance represented by the first and second variables.

  It should be understood that the implementation of these rules depends on the beam cutting technique used and the material used, so the fourth variable represents the material used and the fifth variable is the plasma It is intended to represent the beam cutting technology used, such as cutting with laser, gas, water, ions, torch, pellets or air, so that these rules apply to specific cutting operations These variables can be taken into account.

  Different cutting techniques will produce cutting beams with different thicknesses, and different cutting devices utilizing the same cutting technique will also produce cutting beams with different thicknesses, depending on the state of the cutting equipment. Thus, it is contemplated that the sixth variable represents the width or thickness of the cutting beam. This sixth variable is also dependent on the fourth and fifth variables.

  The present invention provides for the introduction of a set of control rules using automatic angle and length adjustment for the lead-in or lead-out depending on the material used, the thickness of the material used and the cutting technique used. Rules for the section or lead-out section can be provided, and the adjustment of the angle and length is such that the start and stop points of the cut are sufficiently far from the cut with the smallest possible introduction or lead-off angle That it is adapted to be placed in.

In the present invention, the cutting operation is performed in the following order:
Cutting all holes, ie strategically positioned split and common cuts,
Cutting all pockets formed between a group or members,
Cutting a group of outer contours,
It is intended to be executed.

  The method of the present invention provides control rules and variables used as a tool for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided design (CAD), or by a numerical controller in a cutting device controlled by computer numerical control (CNC). It should be understood that it can be implemented as part of

  The present invention also provides a system for machine cutting several members from one material, comprising a beam cutting device and the beam cutting device adapted to perform control according to the method of the present invention. And a control unit for controlling the system.

  The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising computer program code that, when executed, enables a computer to implement control rules and variables according to the method of the invention.

(effect)
The effect of the method, system, computer program product according to the invention is reliable with optimized machine costs, which means that the invention minimizes material waste and means optimization with respect to the number of drill holes, position distance and cutting distance. This means that it is possible to create a highly productive production cutting plan.

  The present invention provides an optimal cutting with a cutting work plan that can control the cutting variables in the cutting machine to obtain a reliable process. The present invention collects two or more free-form members, the length and angle of the introduction part, the length and angle of the lead-out part together, switches the tool radius correction, and scans within the group of areas. Control over swivel area, distance between members, micro-joint between members, i.e. detection between holes, tears, common cuts and pockets in that group of areas to minimize positioning distance The possibility of using the head without lifting the cutting head can be realized.

  Providing production reliability means safe processes, proper tolerances for parts, and optimal quality for parts with minimal resource waste.

  The present invention can realize the possibility of making a group for freeform members. A single member optimized on a work area in a close group offers the opportunity to minimize material waste. Since a group is formed, each element is positioned in contact with each other, thereby allowing all tangent segments to be used when clustering. A group of the invention consisting of several parts forms a new part with no safety distance and only tangents, tears, bridges, swivel areas, micro joints, common cutting lines and pockets. The different group of rules and variables of the present invention can create a reliable cutting process for any kind of approaching situation where free-form two-dimensional members are going to be grouped without a safety distance Can provide sex.

  Also, the use of microjoints between the members to be cut instead of between the members and the skeleton is also effective in a manual or automated sorting process.

  Also, by using the swivel area of the present invention, it is possible to avoid using the area of the skeleton to change the cutting direction, and instead use an already cut line where the cutting direction is changed Sexuality can be realized, thereby again minimizing debris.

The method, system and computer program product according to the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic and simplified diagram of a method, system and computer program product according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a group of members having only two members. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a group having several members. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method of cutting across several blocking points. FIG. 5 is a schematic and simplified diagram of a method for terminating a common cut in order to realize a different method. FIG. 6 is a schematic and simplified diagram of how to cut a small angle. FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of one of two different ways of cutting two members having tangents that are adjacent at a cutting beam thickness distance. FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram of one of two different ways of cutting two members having tangents that are adjacent at a cutting beam thickness distance. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method of cutting a thin strip. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of how the distance between different groups can be set. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a method of setting the introduction unit and the derivation unit. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the sequence of the cutting operation.

  The present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 1 which illustrates a method for machine cutting several members 12a, 12b, 12c from a single material 12 using beam cutting techniques. Although the schematic of FIG. 1 shows that the cutting device 13 is movable and the material 12 is fixed, the present invention is that the cutting device is fixed and the material is movable. It should be understood that the system can also be implemented. The invention relates to controlling the relative movement between the material 12 and the cutting device 13 regardless of what is moving and what is fixed.

  In describing the present invention, specific terminology may be used to suggest that one specific beam cutting technique is described, but it should be understood that the present invention relates to any beam cutting technique. It should be understood that one of ordinary skill in the art can adapt the features described in terms specific to one beam cutting technique to another beam cutting technique, and with another beam cutting technique. You will understand what can be done.

  The present invention provides a set of control rules and variables for cutting a two-dimensional shape or pattern, where one rule or a combination of several rules, depending on the shape or pattern to be cut, Used in operation, its shape or pattern forms a member from one material. These control rules and parameters are used to control the relative movement between the cutting device 13 and one material 12, so that this movement is in a controlled way to carry out the cutting operation. Done.

  The set of control rules is specifically taught to comprise rules for the formation of a free-form group of members 15. With respect to free shape, it is meant that the members can have any two-dimensional structure or shape that is cut from the material.

  The members 12a, 12b, 12c are positioned very close to each other so that only the thickness 13a 'of the cutting beam 13a can be found between adjacent members, as long as the shape of the members allows.

  This requires a common cut between the members, in which case the common line to be cut is not a straight line between the two locations, to be precise, the common line can be any curved shape, or , Which means that there can be several connected straight lines.

  The different embodiments presented in the following description show examples in which members of different structures or shapes can be cut without requiring the required skeleton between them, thereby saving a large amount of material. ing.

  One embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, where the first member 21 and the second member 22 are very much so that only the thickness of the cutting beam 23 is found between the members 21,22. Closely positioned.

  The set of control rules comprises a rule for the formation of a microjoint for the joining of said members by a microjoint that holds adjacent members together, and the microjoint is cut contour cutting Stop cutting a contour by starting with a set distance within the contour to be cut or at a set distance before the edge of the contour to be cut, thereby not completing a complete cutting of the contour Is described in detail with reference to FIG. The size of the microjoint formed thereby coincides with the set distance.

  The set of control rules is a rule for separating the members in the group, and for connecting the members to the material surrounding the group by a microjoint that holds the members together with surrounding materials. It should be understood that the first microjoint 24 and the second microjoint 25 are joined together with the surrounding material 2 to the members 21, 22. This is illustrated in FIG.

  As can be seen in FIG. 2, the first microjoint 24 is formed by initiating cutting of its contour with a set distance within the contour to be cut, and the second microjoint 25 is Formed by stopping the contour cutting at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut, thereby not completing the complete cutting of the contour, in this case the micro joint formed thereby The sizes of 24 and 25 coincide with the set distance.

  If the material is thick enough that there is no risk of tilting the small member, the material to be cut will stick to the skeleton and adjacent members, so depending on the thickness of the material, a micro joint may not be needed at all It should be understood that there are also.

  The size of these microjoints is controlled by the control rules, and the variables for controlling the size depend on the set distance, the material used and the cutting device used. For example, if the combination of cutting technique and material causes a beam delay, the cut is another cutting member that the beam is turned off, which causes the thicker joint on the back of the material to It can be done almost to the end until it reaches another cutting member that becomes part of the micro joint. If the combination of cutting techniques and materials does not cause any beam delay, the microjoints can be cut to the correct size.

  In the case where the first and second members 21 and 22 require tool diameter correction, when starting cutting at the location 2a, the present invention is directed to the location of the first member 21 toward the location 2b where common cutting starts. The left tool radius compensation is used to cut the contour. The tool radius correction is not used from the portion 2b to the location 2c between the common cutting portions of the contour, and the right tool radius is used to cut the contour of the second member 22 from the location 2c to the location 2d. Correction is used. Therefore, the set of control rules above is a rule for switching between right tool radius compensation, left tool radius compensation and no tool radius compensation during continuous cutting of lines or contours without turning on and off the cutting beam. Is contemplated. This means that the cutting of the two members 21 and 22 in FIG. 2 can be performed by one continuous cutting from the location 2a to the location 2d. The figure also shows how the microjoints 24, 25 are formed without completing the cut to the end.

  FIG. 2 is a very simple view and is also a specific embodiment of the present invention because a group of members only includes two members.

FIG. 3 is another example of a group 3A having four members: a first member 31, a second member 32, a third member 33, and a fourth member 34. FIG. Here, since these four members have rounded corners, it can be seen that the member to be cut forms a pocket 3B in the middle between the four members.

  The present invention allows the above set of control rules to cut the gap formed by performing a split cut for this purpose or by cutting a single line or contour that is always longer than necessary. It teaches to provide rules for the formation of strategically positioned swivel areas by utilizing them as swivel areas.

  In FIG. 3, first, a common cut between three members, for example, first a first common cut 35 between a first member 31 and a second member 32, then a second member 32 and a third. It is contemplated that a second common cut 36 between the members 33 and a third common cut 37 between the third member 33 and the fourth member 34 will be cut. These three common cuts 35, 36, 37 are cut into the central pocket 3B so that at the end of each common cut there are three swivel areas, namely a first swivel area 35 ', A second swivel region 36 'and a third swivel region 37' are created.

  When the fourth common cut 38 is cut, its central pocket is formed by the same cut, where the three swivel regions 35 ', 36', 37 'have their beams enter the swivel region. Then, the cutting of the next corner from the turning area is continued, and the next turning area is continued and the entire pocket 3B can be rotated.

  The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is also an example where changes in tool radius correction may be required during cutting. To illustrate this, when a fourth common cut 38 is performed, tool radius compensation is not used during the cut between the first member 31 and the fourth member 34, after which During the cutting of the rounded corners of the fourth member 34, while pivoting in the third swivel area 37 ', while cutting the rounded corners of the third member 33, While turning in the second swivel area 36 ′, during cutting of the rounded corners of the second member 32, during swiveling in the first swivel area 35 ′, and rounding of the first member 31. It is shown that the left tool radius compensation can be switched while cutting the corners marked with.

  The use of the gap as the swivel area is done by allowing the cutting beam to catch up with the cutting device used within the swivel area.

  The beam catches up with the cutting device in different ways, and which method is chosen depends on the specific cutting situation.

  One way to allow the beam to catch up with the cutting device is to slow down the cutting speed within the swivel area and to accelerate to the normal cutting speed as the cutting action continues out of the swivel area. Is to make it possible. A narrow swivel area, in actual application of the present invention, slows its cutting speed when swiveling within that swivel area, so that when swiveling takes place within that swivel area, It will allow the beam to catch up with its cutting device. In some applications, reliability and / or quality requirements also require that the operation in the cutting process be actively delayed or stopped to ensure that the beam actually catches up. There is a possibility.

  Another way to allow the beam to catch up with the cutting device is to allow the cutting device to operate at a radius within the swivel region.

  Another way to allow the beam to catch up with the cutting device is to allow the cutting device to operate at an angle or phase within the swivel region.

  FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which the cutting beam 41 intersects several already cut lines 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d or blocking points. This means that the upper part of the beam may start cutting on the other side of the blocking point before the lower part of the beam cuts through the first side of the blocking point. Which can be a risk of cutting failure and can cause problems if the beam lags behind the cutting device.

  To avoid this, the present invention allows the set of control rules to catch up with the cutting device used at the cutoff point when the cutting beam intersects the cutoff point. Teach them to have rules to do this.

  This catch-up can be done in different ways, and three different ways to contemplate are: operating the cutting device with a small radius A in the cut gap, and moving the cutting device in the cut gap. To operate at a small phase B, or slow the cutting speed when entering the gap and then start cutting at the normal speed when exiting the gap C.

  FIG. 5 shows an example of how cutting can be terminated in different ways to implement different features of the present invention. The figure schematically shows a first member 51, a second member 52, a third member 53 and a fourth member 54 belonging to a group of members 5A, the whole group being shown in this figure. Not.

  In these members, the first cut 512 between the first member 51 and the second member 52 is a common cut, and the second cut 523 between the second member 52 and the third member is common. And the third cut 534 between the third member 53 and the fourth member 54 is a common cut, and all four members are positioned so that they are adjacent to the outer cut 55. Yes.

  Here, it can be seen that the first cut 512 is stopped before reaching the outer cut 55, thereby forming a microjoint 56 between the first member 51 and the second member 52.

  It can also be seen that the second cut 523 has been cut to the end with respect to the outer cut 55, thereby separating the second and third members 52, 53 from each other.

  It can also be seen that the third cut 534 has been cut beyond its outer cut so that a strategically positioned cut that can be utilized as the swivel region 57 can be achieved.

  FIG. 6 shows how the present invention proposes a solution for small angle 6A cutting. The present invention is that the set of control rules is for each line where a small angle 6A leads to two cuts, ie one cut leads to angle 6A, and each cut leads to a tip 6A 'of angle 6A. Is provided with a rule that states that the first cut 61 and the second cut 62 are to be cut. In the figure, the angle is illustrated with two curves connected to each other, but it should be understood that it may be two lines connected to each other, or one line and one curve. is there.

  FIG. 7a shows an embodiment in which the first member 7a1 and the second member 7a2 are positioned such that the distance between adjacent tangents is only the thickness of the cutting beam. In FIG. 7a, the cutting operation starts by cutting a strategically positioned split cut 7a3 that passes through the common tangent of the first and second members 7a1, 7a2. Thereafter, the two members 7a1 and 7a2 are cut by one cutting, and in this case, the cutting beam uses the strategically positioned divided cutting portion 7a3 as the swivel region 7a3 '. In this cutting, the cutting direction 7a4, 7a4 'is such that the diameter correction remains the same during the entire cutting, so no change in the diameter correction is necessary.

  FIG. 7b also shows an embodiment in which the first member 7b1 and the second member 7b2 are positioned such that the distance between adjacent tangents is only the thickness of the cutting beam. In FIG. 7b, the two members 7b1, 7b2 are cut in one cut, in which case when the cutting beam cuts through the contact 7b3 that has already been cut a second time, the cutting beam The contact 7b3 that has crossed the contact and thereby has already been cut becomes the breaking point according to FIG. When there is a requirement for tool radius correction, the cutting direction 7b4, 7b4 ′ changes its radius correction when the cutting beam passes through the contact point 7b3, and this is because the cutting beam is from the cutting of the first member 7b1. When moving to the cutting of the second member 7b2 (and vice versa), it can be executed by changing the diameter correction.

  FIG. 8 shows that the properties of the material between two adjacent cuts are affected due to the small distance between the three cuts, ie, the first cut 81, the second cut 82 and the third cut 83. The first, second and third cuts 81, 82, 83 start from the outer members of the respective cuts 81, 82, 83 so that the respective cuts 81, 82, 83 It shows that it is intended to be performed with two partial cuts 81a, 81b, 82a, 82b, 83a, 83b towards the center.

  FIG. 8 also shows that the first and second partial cuts 81a, 81b, 82a, 82b are not made to the end along the respective cuts 81, 82, but two partial cuts 81a, 81b, Microjoints 81c, 82c remain between 82a, 82b, while the third partial cuts 83a, 83b are made to the end to approach the contour of the third cut 83.

  It is possible to set a group of members as a single composite member, where the group of members is completely free from surrounding materials or materials between members that do not belong to any member. In this case, the group of members may be joined together by microjoints, if necessary, and the group of materials is intended to be completely free from the surrounding skeletal material. Has been.

  The present invention teaches that different variables are available for controlling the cutting device.

  FIG. 9 shows that two or more groups 9A, 9B, 9C are cut from one material. The groups can include several different members, but for simplicity, the groups 9A, 9B, 9C are shown schematically as merely uniform members. At least two different variables are used to set the distance between adjacent members from two different groups. The first variable represents a first minimum distance a9 between adjacent members 9A, 9B having adjacent parallel lines 9A ', 9B'. The second variable represents a second minimum distance b9 between adjacent members 9A, 9C, where at least one of the adjacent members 9C has an adjacent tangent 9C '. The present invention teaches that the distance b9 represented by the second variable is shorter than the distance a9 represented by the first variable.

  The present invention also teaches that the second distance b9 represented by the second variable depends on the radius of the tangent line 9C '.

  Further, in FIG. 9, the third variable can represent the third minimum distance c9 between the adjacent members 9B and 9C. In this case, at least one of the adjacent members 9B is adjacent to the adjacent corner portion 9B. ", And the third distance c9 represented by the third variable is also shorter than the distances a9, b9 represented by the first and second variables.

  It is contemplated that the fourth variable represents the material used and the fifth variable represents the beam cutting technique used, such as cutting using plasma, laser, gas, water, ions, torch, pellets or air. ing.

  It is also contemplated that the sixth variable represents the width of the cutting beam, where the sixth variable depends on the fourth and fifth variables.

  FIG. 10 shows the introduction part 101 or the lead-out part 102 by automatic angle adjustment and length adjustment for the lead-in part 101 or the lead-out part 102 depending on the material used, the thickness of the material used and the cutting technique used. It can be provided.

  The angles 101a and 102a are craters 101b formed by perforations when the cutting beam is started by the introduction unit 101 while minimizing the lengths of the introduction unit 101 and the extraction unit 102, respectively, It is contemplated that the impact zone 102b formed when stopped at 102 is selected as small as possible with respect to the cut 103 so that it is located outside the cut 103.

FIG. 11 shows a cutting operation, that is,
Cutting all holes, ie strategically positioned split and common cuts (111),
Cutting (112) all pockets formed between the group or members; and
Cutting a group of outer contours (113),
FIG. 6 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a contemplated sequence for doing that.

  The first action 111 is to cut all holes, i.e. strategically positioned split and common cuts, which are first performed to form the required swivel area, During the execution of these operations, all members are still connected to each other and to the skeleton, and one material is still stable, which can be done easily. Cutting, splitting, and common cutting are all adapted to any microjoint that is positioned to connect different members in the group.

  The second action 112 is to cut all the pockets formed between the group or parts, which means that all parts are still connected to each other and to the skeleton while performing these actions. Since one material is still stable, this can be done easily.

  The third and final action 113 is to cut the group of outer contours, in doing so all members are released from the skeleton and any of the ones formed during the process The micro joints are simply connected to each other. It should be understood that when using an embodiment in which microjoints connect a group of members to a skeleton rather than to each other, the microjoints are formed while cutting their outer contours. .

  The method according to the invention is a control rule and variable used as a tool for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided design (CAD) or by a numerical controller in cutting equipment controlled by computer numerical control (CNC). It should be understood that it can be implemented as part of

  The present invention also relates to a system that will be described with reference again to FIG. 1, ie, a system 11 for machine cutting several members 12a, 12b, 12c from a single material 12, the system 11 of the present invention comprising: A beam cutting device 13 and a control unit 14 for controlling the beam cutting device 13 are provided.

  The control unit 14 is adapted to follow a set of control rules for cutting a two-dimensional shape or pattern, in which case one rule or several rules depending on the shape or pattern to be cut. Can be used for the cutting operation, and any shape or pattern forms the members 12a, 12b, 12c from one material 12.

  The present invention is adapted so that the control unit 14 follows a set of control rules including rules for forming a group 15 of free-form members 12a, 12b, 12c, in which case the members 12a, 12b, 12c specifically teach that they are positioned very close to each other so that only the thickness 13a ′ of the cutting beam 13a is found between adjacent members, as long as the shape of these members allows. .

  The control unit is adapted to control the cutting device to leave microjoints between adjacent members, thereby allowing the microjoints to hold adjacent members together. In this case, the control unit controls the cutting device to start cutting the contour with a distance set within the contour to be cut, or as shown in FIG. At a set distance before the edge of the contour to be cut, the cutting of the contour 512 is stopped, whereby the cutting device is controlled not to complete a complete cutting of the contour, so that the first A micro joint 56 for connecting the first member 51 and the second member 52 is provided. But it is contemplated that is adapted to match the distances that setting.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit controls the cutting device to leave the microjoints 24, 25 between the materials 21, 22 and the material 2 surrounding the group, thereby providing a micro It is contemplated that the joints 24, 25 are adapted to allow the members 21, 22 to be held together with their surrounding material.

  The control unit is adapted to follow the control rules that set the size of the micro joint, and the variables for controlling the size depend on the material used and the cutting device used.

  The control unit controls the cutting device to perform right tool radius compensation, left tool radius compensation and no tool radius compensation during continuous cutting of one line or contour without cutting new holes. It is contemplated to be adapted to switch. FIG. 2 illustrates this by showing that the left tool radius correction is used to cut from the contour of the first member 21 to the location 2b when cutting begins at location 2a. When the common cutting from the location 2b to the location 2c is started, the tool radius correction is not used between the common cut portions of the contour, and the contour of the second member 22 is cut when going from the location 2c to the location 2d. For this purpose, right tool radius compensation is used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit controls the cutting device to perform a segmented cut for this purpose or to cut a line or contour longer than required and It is contemplated that the cutting device may be adapted to form strategically positioned swivel regions 35 ', 36', 37 'by utilizing the gap formed thereby as a swivel region by controlling the cutting device. ing.

  The control unit controls the cutting device by controlling the cutting device so that the cutting beam catches up with the cutting device within the swivel region, and uses the gap as the swivel region. Have been adapted so.

  The catch-up of the beam can be realized in different ways. The control unit controls the cutting action to slow down the cutting speed in the cut gap, and the normal cutting speed when the cutting action is initiated on the other side of the gap It can be adapted to accelerate. The original cause of the narrow pivot point in the swivel area is that the cutting speed is reduced when the swivel takes place, but in some applications the beam may actually be driven by reliability and / or quality requirements. It may also be necessary to actively slow down or stop operations during the cutting process to ensure that they are coming up.

  The control unit can also control the cutting device to adapt to operate at a radius within the cut gap or at an angle or phase within the cut gap It is.

  Similarly, the control unit may be adapted to control the cutting device to allow it to catch up with the cutting device used within the cut-off point when the cutting beam crosses the cut-off point. it can.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the control unit controls the cutting device to make two cuts, ie, one for each line connected to the angle 6A, and each cut 61, 62. Is intended to be adapted to cut a small angle 6A with a first cut 61 and a second cut 62 leading to a tip 6A 'of angle 6A.

  As shown in FIG. 8, due to the small distance between the two cuts, ie, the first cut 81 and the second cut 82, the properties of the material between the two cuts 81, 82 are affected. If it starts to disturb, the control unit controls the cutting device to start from the outer part of each cut and to the two partial cuts 81a, 81b, 82a, 82b towards the center of each cut. It is contemplated that each may be adapted to perform a cut 81,82.

  The control unit also controls the cutting device so that the partial cuts 81a, 81b, 82a, 82b are not performed to the end along each cut, but the microjoint is not between the two partial cuts. It is also contemplated to be adapted to remain. A third cut 83 is also shown, in which case two partial cuts 83a, 83b are performed in close proximity to the contour of the third cut 83 without leaving a microjoint.

  It is also contemplated that the control unit is adapted to control the cutting device to cut a group of members that are totally free of surrounding material or material between members that do not belong to any member. ing.

  FIG. 9 shows that whenever two or more groups 9A, 9B, 9C are cut from one material, the control unit controls the cutting device to have adjacent parallel lines 9A ′, 9B ′. It is adapted to use a first minimum distance a9 between adjacent members 9A, 9B, where this minimum distance a9 is intended to be represented by a first variable. The second minimum distance b9 between adjacent members 9A, 9C, at least one of the adjacent members having an adjacent tangent line 9C ′, is represented by a second variable, in this case represented by the second variable. The second distance b9 to be performed is shorter than the first distance a9 represented by the first variable.

  The second distance b9 represented by the second variable depends on the radius of the tangent line 9C '.

  A third variable is adapted to represent a third minimum distance c9 between adjacent members 9B, 9C, wherein at least one of the adjacent members 9B has an adjacent angle 9B " In the case, it is also contemplated that the third distance c9 represented by the third variable is shorter than the distances a9, b9 represented by the first and second variables.

  The control unit will take into account a fourth variable representing the material used and a fifth variable representing the beam cutting technique used, such as cutting using plasma, laser, gas, water, ions, torch or air. It is also contemplated to be adapted to.

  The control unit is adapted to take into account a sixth variable representative of the width of the cutting beam, and it is also contemplated that the sixth variable depends on the fourth and fifth variables.

  FIG. 10 shows that the control unit has an automatic angle and length adjustment for the lead-in part 101 or the lead-out part 102, depending on the material used, the thickness of the material used and the cutting technique used. Alternatively, the derivation unit 102 is adapted to be provided.

The control unit according to the invention controls its cutting device in the next sequence shown in the flowchart of FIG.
Cutting all holes, ie strategically positioned split and common cuts (111),
Cutting (112) all pockets formed between the group or members; and
Cutting a group of outer contours (113),
Can be adapted to perform the cutting operation.

  The system of the present invention may be adapted to function as a tool for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) or computer-aided design (CAD), and the control unit of the present invention is a numerical value in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine. It can be a control device.

  The present invention is also a computer program product P as schematically shown in FIG. 1, which enables a computer C to implement control rules and variables according to the method of the present invention at runtime. It also relates to a computer program product P comprising a computer program code P1.

  It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described and illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention and can be modified within the scope of the inventive concept set forth in the appended claims.

Claims (43)

A method for machine cutting several members from one material using a beam cutting technique, said method providing a set of control rules and variables for cutting a two-dimensional shape or pattern; A rule or a combination of several rules is used in the cutting operation according to the shape or pattern to be cut, the shape or pattern forming the member from the one material, the control rule The set includes rules for the molding of a group of free-form members that are very close to each other so that only the thickness of the cutting beam is found between adjacent members, as the shape of the members allows. A method characterized in that it is positioned in close proximity to the The set of control rules comprises rules for contact coupling of the members by microjoints that hold adjacent members together, and the microjoint sets the contour cutting into the contour to be cut Formed by starting at a predetermined distance or by stopping the cutting of the contour at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut, thereby not completing the complete cutting of the contour, The method according to claim 1, wherein a size of the micro joint formed by the method matches the set distance. The set of control rules separate the members within the group, and the rules for combining the material surrounding the group with those members by a microjoint that holds the members together with surrounding materials. And the micro joint initiates cutting of the contour by starting the contour cutting by a set distance into the contour to be cut, or at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is formed by stopping and thereby not completing a complete cutting of the contour, whereby the size of the microjoint formed thereby matches the set distance. . 3. The size of the micro joint is controlled by the control rule, and a variable for controlling the size depends on the set distance, a material to be used, and a cutting apparatus to be used. Or the method of 3. The set of control rules includes right tool radius compensation during continuous cutting of one line or contour without requiring turn-off and turn-on of the cutting beam.
The method according to claim 1, further comprising a rule for switching between left tool radius compensation and no tool radius compensation. The set of control rules can be used for this purpose as a swivel area by cutting a single line or contour by performing a split cut for this purpose or by always cutting a line or contour longer than necessary. A method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising rules for the formation of strategically positioned swivel areas. The method according to claim 6, wherein the use of the gap as a swivel region is performed by allowing the cutting beam to catch up with a cutting device to be used in the swirl region. The set of control rules is that when the cutting beam crosses a blocking point,
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting beam comprises rules for allowing the cutting device to be used to catch up at the blocking point. The set of control rules comprises a rule for cutting a small angle, the rule being cut with two cuts, one for each line leading to the angle; 9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cutting portion is said to be connected to the tip of the angle. If the distance between the two cuts is so small that the properties of the material between the two cuts start to be affected and disturbed, the respective cuts will be cut from the member outside the cuts. 2. Formed with two partial cuts starting towards the center of the part.
The method in any one of -9. The method of claim 10, wherein the partial cut is not formed to the end along each cut and a microjoint remains between the two partial cuts. . A group of the members is cut generally away from surrounding materials or materials between members that do not belong to any member, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
The method according to 10 or 11. Whenever the two or more groups are cut from one material, at least two different variables are the distance between adjacent members from two different groups, the number of adjacent members with adjacent parallel lines. A first variable representing a minimum distance of 1 and at least one of the adjacent members is used to set a second variable representing a second minimum distance between adjacent members having adjacent tangents; 13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the distance represented by the second variable is shorter than the distance represented by the first variable. The method of claim 13, wherein the second distance represented by the second variable depends on a radius of the tangent. A third variable represents a third minimum distance between adjacent members, at least one of the adjacent members having an adjacent corner, and a third distance represented by the third variable 15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein is shorter than the distance represented by the first and second variables. The fourth variable represents the material used, and the fifth variable is plasma, laser, gas,
16. A method according to any one of the preceding claims representing a beam cutting technique used, such as cutting with water, ions, torches, pellets or air. The method of claim 16, wherein a sixth variable represents a width of the cutting beam, and the sixth variable depends on the fourth and fifth variables. According to the material to be used, the thickness of the material to be used, and the cutting technique to be used, the introduction part and the lead-out part are provided using automatic angle adjustment and length adjustment for the lead-in part and the lead-out part. The method according to claim 1. The cutting operations are performed in the following order:
Cutting all holes, ie strategically positioned split and common cuts,
Cutting all pockets formed between a group or members, and

Cutting the outer contours of the group,
The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is carried out. The method may be computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) or computer-aided design (CAD)
20. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, implemented as a tool for 20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is implemented as part of control rules and variables used by a numerical controller in a cutting device controlled by computer numerical control (CNC). The method described. A system for machine cutting several members from one material, comprising a beam cutting device and a control unit for controlling the beam cutting device, the control unit having a two-dimensional shape or pattern Is adapted to follow a set of control rules for cutting, in which case one rule or a combination of several rules can be used for the cutting operation, depending on the shape or pattern to be cut The shape or pattern is a system for forming the member from the one material so that the control unit follows a set of control rules comprising rules for the formation of a group of free-form members. The member is cut as long as the shape of the member allows Systems only the thickness of the beam, as found between adjacent members, characterized in that it is positioned very close to each other. The control unit is adapted to control the cutting device to leave a micro-joint between adjacent members, thereby allowing the micro-joint to hold adjacent members together; The control unit controls the cutting device to start cutting the contour by a set distance into the contour to be cut, or at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut. Stopping the cutting of the contour, whereby the cutting device is controlled not to complete a complete cutting of the contour, so that a microjoint having a size matching the set distance is provided. The system of claim 21, wherein the system is adapted. The control unit controls the cutting device to separate the members in the group;
And is adapted to leave a microjoint between the member and the surrounding material, thereby allowing the microjoint to hold the member together with the surrounding material; The control unit controls the cutting device to start cutting the contour by a set distance into the contour to be cut, or at a set distance before the end of the contour to be cut. Stopping the cutting of the contour, whereby the cutting device is controlled not to complete a complete cutting of the contour, so that a microjoint having a size matching the set distance is provided. The system of claim 21, wherein the system is adapted. The control unit is adapted to follow the control rules that set the size of the microjoint, and the variables for controlling the size depend on the set distance, the material used and the cutting device used 25. A system according to claim 23 or 24, wherein: The control unit controls the cutting device to perform right tool radius compensation, left tool radius compensation and no tool radius compensation during continuous cutting of one line or contour without cutting new holes. 26. Adapted to switch
The system according to any one of the above. The control unit controls the cutting device by controlling the cutting device and performing split cutting for this purpose, or necessarily cutting one line or contour longer than the required length. 27. It is adapted to form a strategically positioned swivel area by utilizing the gap formed thereby as a swivel area. System. The control unit controls the cutting device, and the cutting beam is
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the system is adapted to utilize the gap as the swivel region by controlling the cutting device to be able to catch up with the cutting device within a swivel region. The control unit is adapted to control the cutting device to allow the cutting beam to catch up with the cutting device used at the blocking point when the cutting beam crosses the blocking point. Claim 2
The system according to any one of 2 to 28. The control unit controls the cutting device, one for each line leading to a small angle, and cutting the small angle with two cuts, each cut leading to the tip of the angle 23. Adapted to:
30. The system according to any one of -29. If the distance between the two cuts is so small that the properties of the material between the two cuts are affected and begin to disturb, the control unit controls the cutting device to 31. A system according to any one of claims 22 to 30, adapted to perform each cut, starting with two partial cuts towards the center of the cut. The control unit controls the cutting device so that it does not perform the partial cut to the end along each cut, but is adapted to leave a microjoint between the two partial cuts. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the system is characterized by: The control unit is adapted to control the cutting device to cut a group of the members that are totally free of surrounding material or material between members that do not belong to any member. Claims 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
, 31 or 32. Whenever two or more groups are to be cut from a single material, the control unit controls the cutting device between adjacent members having adjacent parallel lines represented by a first variable. Adapted to use a first minimum distance and to use a second minimum distance between adjacent members, wherein at least one of the adjacent members has an adjacent tangent, wherein the second minimum distance is , Represented by a second variable and second represented by said second variable
The distance is less than the first distance represented by the first variable.
34. The system according to any one of -33. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the second distance represented by the second variable depends on the radius of the tangent. A third variable is adapted to represent a third minimum distance between adjacent members, wherein at least one of the adjacent members has adjacent corners and is represented by the third variable. 36. A system according to claim 34 or 35, wherein the third distance to be performed is shorter than the distance represented by the first and second variables.   The control unit takes into account a fourth variable representing the material used and a fifth variable representing the beam cutting technique used, such as cutting using plasma, laser, gas, water, ions, torches, pellets or air. 37. A system according to any one of claims 22 to 36, wherein the system is adapted to do so.   The control unit is adapted to take into account a sixth variable representative of the width of the cutting beam, the sixth variable being dependent on the fourth and fifth variables. The system according to any one of 22 to 37.   The control unit provides the inlet and outlet by automatic angle adjustment and length adjustment for the inlet and outlet according to the material used, the thickness of the material used and the cutting technique used. 39. A system according to any one of claims 22 to 38, wherein the system is adapted as follows. The control unit controls the cutting device in the following order:
Cutting all holes, ie strategically positioned split and common cuts,
Cutting all pockets formed between a group or members,
Cutting the outer contours of the group,
40. The system according to any one of claims 22 to 39, wherein the system is adapted to perform the cutting operation.   41. The system of any one of claims 22-40, wherein the system is adapted to function as a tool for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) or computer-aided design (CAD).   41. A system according to any one of claims 22 to 40, wherein the control unit is a numerical controller in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine.   Computer program product comprising computer program code that, when executed, enables a computer to implement the control rules and variables of any one of claims 1 to 21.

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