JP2015045353A - Reduction gear with speed ratio changeover mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reduction gear with a speed ratio changeover mechanism which can withstand a high load, allows a high-speed rotating clutch to rotate in a stable state, and dispenses with a large amount of running costs.SOLUTION: A reduction gear 1 with a speed ratio changeover mechanism comprises: a high-speed side rotation transmission part or a low-speed side rotation transmission part arranged at an input shaft 11 side; a rotation transmission member which is connected to a rotation transmission receiving part arranged at an output shaft 4 side, and transmits the rotation drive of the input shaft 11 side to the output shaft 4 side; and a speed ratio changeover mechanism which moves the rotation transmission member between a first position in which the rotation transmission member is connected to the high-speed side rotation transmission part and the rotation transmission receiving part, and a second position in which the rotation transmission member is connected to the low-speed side rotation transmission part and the rotation transmission receiving part. A rod 6 connected to the rotation transmission member is arranged so as to be pushed and pulled to/from the axial direction of the output shaft 4 in a hollow space of the output shaft 4, and the rotation transmission member is moved to the first position or the second position by pushing and pulling the rod 6 by engagement with the speed ratio changeover mechanism.

Description

  The present invention is connected to a high-speed side rotation transmission part provided on the input shaft side or a low-speed side rotation transmission part and a rotation transmission reception part provided on the output shaft side, and transmits the rotational drive on the input shaft side to the output shaft side Between the transmission member, a first position where the rotation transmission member is connected to the high speed side rotation transmission portion and the rotation transmission receiving portion, and a second position where the rotation transmission member is connected to the low speed side rotation transmission portion and the rotation transmission receiving portion. It is also related to the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism provided with a speed ratio switching mechanism that is moved at the same time.

Conventionally, in a reduction gear with a speed ratio switching mechanism used for a spindle of a machine tool or the like, generally, a speed ratio switching movement of a clutch cylinder, which is a rotation transmission member, is provided in a circle provided on the outer cylinder portion of the clutch cylinder. A speed ratio switching mechanism is used in which the clutch cylinder is moved by moving the position of a pin engaged with a peripheral pin groove.
In addition, in a bolt and nut tightening machine, a transmission that manually switches between high speed operation and low speed operation has been proposed. (Patent Document 1)

JP 2006-346810 A (FIG. 7)

A conventional speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of a conventional speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism, partly cut away.
In FIG. 7, the right side of the figure is the input shaft side, and the left side of the figure is the output shaft side.
In FIG. 7, a speed reducer 30 with a speed ratio switching mechanism is pivotally supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on the frame 19 and has an external spline 11S and is rotationally driven by a driving mechanism (not shown). 11, a gear shaft 12 having a small gear 12 </ b> G that is supported by a bearing 9 </ b> B <b> 3 and the like provided on the frame 19 and meshes later, and a step portion between the bearing 9 </ b> B <b> 2 provided on the frame 19 and the input shaft 11. An external gear 13G that is pivotally supported by a bearing 9B1 provided in 11R and meshes with the small gear 12G, a low-speed side large gear 13 having an internal spline 13S on the inner peripheral side, and a frame 19, An output shaft 14 having an external spline 14S supported by a bearing 9B4 positioned by the portion 14B, and an internal spline 15S meshing with the external spline 11S. In addition, there is an external spline 15S2 that meshes with the internal spline 13S, and an internal spline 15S3 that meshes with the external spline 14S, and a speed ratio switching member of a speed ratio switching mechanism 20 described later on the outer cylinder side. It is mainly comprised by the clutch cylinder 15 which has the circumferential groove 15M engaged with the pin 21 which is.

  That is, a high-speed side rotation transmission portion is configured by meshing the external spline 11S of the input shaft 11 and the internal spline 15S1 of the clutch cylinder 15, and the internal spline 13S of the large gear 13 and the external spline 15S2 of the clutch cylinder 15 The low speed side rotation transmission part is constituted by meshing, and the rotation transmission receiving part is constituted by meshing of the internal spline 15S3 of the clutch cylinder 15 and the external spline 14S of the output shaft 14, and the clutch cylinder 15 Constitutes a rotation transmitting member.

  The speed ratio switching mechanism 20 is a predetermined position of a lever 25 that performs a predetermined swing rotation about the rotation center of the output shaft 24 of the rotary actuator 22 mounted on the base 23 attached to the frame 19 as a swing center. The pin 21 is attached to the pin 21 and the pin 21 is swung by a predetermined amount through the rotation of the output shaft 24 of the rotary actuator 22 according to a command from a control device (not shown), whereby the pin 21 and the circumferential groove 15M are engaged. Accordingly, the clutch cylinder 15 is moved as shown by an arrow 15F in the figure, and the high-speed input shaft 11 is rotated at the position indicated by the solid line in the figure (first position) depending on the movement position of the clutch cylinder 15. The rotation of the low-speed large gear 13 is transmitted to the output shaft 14 at the position of the two-dot chain line in the figure (second position).

  The frame 19 is filled with a lubricant (not shown) so that the internal splines 15S1 and the external splines 11S can be smoothly engaged with each other, but detailed description thereof is omitted. To do.

  Further, in the rotary actuator 22, a piping system (not shown) is provided so that the pin 21 does not move freely, that is, the clutch cylinder 15 does not move freely in the direction of the arrow 15F during rotation. Thus, the supply of compressed air or oil with an appropriate viscosity is continuously performed during operation.

Next, the operation of the speed reducer 30 with the conventional speed ratio switching mechanism will be described.
When the pin 21 is switched to the position of the solid line shown in FIG. 7 through the output shaft 24 and the lever 25 by swinging and rotating the rotary actuator 22 in response to a command from a control device (not shown), the clutch cylinder 15 is The high-speed rotation of the input shaft 11 is transmitted to the clutch cylinder 15 through the meshing of the internal spline 15S1 and the external spline 11S, and the internal spline 15S3 High speed rotation of the clutch cylinder 15 is transmitted to the output shaft 14 through meshing with the external spline 14S.

  Further, when the pin 21 is switched to the position of the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 7 through the output shaft 24 and the lever 25 by the swinging and rotating drive of the rotary actuator 22 according to a command from a control device (not shown), the clutch cylinder 15 becomes the position of the alternate long and two short dashes line (second position) shown in FIG. 7, and the low speed rotation of the input side large gear 13 is caused by the engagement of the external spline 15S2 and the internal spline 13S. The low-speed rotation of the clutch cylinder 15 is transmitted to the output shaft 14 through the meshing of the internal splines 15S3 and the external splines 14S.

  That is, using the clutch cylinder 15 as a rotation transmission member, the high speed rotation of the input shaft 11 is caused by the meshing of the internal spline 15S1 and the external spline 11S and the meshing of the internal spline 15S3 and the external spline 14S. In addition, the low-speed rotation of the input large gear 13 is transmitted to the output shaft 14 through the meshing of the external spline 15S2 and the internal spline 13S and the meshing of the internal spline 15S3 and the external spline 14S. Is done.

However, in the technology of the conventional speed reducer 30 with the speed ratio switching mechanism described above, the clutch cylinder 15 rotates because there is no positioning (position restriction) in the axial direction of the clutch cylinder 15 (the direction of the arrow 15F shown in FIG. 7). Accordingly, the pin 21 may slide in the circumferential groove 15M at the engaging portion between the pin 21 and the circumferential groove 15M. .
In particular, the conventional speed reducer 30 with the speed ratio switching mechanism has been used at a relatively low speed, but in recent machine tools, the spindle speed reducer is often used at a relatively high speed. Further, there is an increased risk that high-speed sliding at the engaging portion between the pin 21 and the circumferential groove 15M causes problems such as wear and heat generation.

For this reason, the sliding part of the pin 21 and the circumferential groove 15M is strongly worn due to the high-speed sliding, and wear powder is generated, and the wear powder may cause further wear, The wear powder may enter the meshing part of the bearing or gear and cause damage to the bearing or gear. Further, the high speed sliding may cause noise, vibration or power loss, or the high speed sliding generates heat. As a result, there is a risk that the lubricant may be deteriorated, and in order to reduce the influence of the fear, it is necessary to process the engaging portion with high precision, and the processing cost may be significantly increased.
Furthermore, in the technology of the conventional speed reducer 30 with a speed ratio switching mechanism, it is necessary to continuously supply compressed air or oil of an appropriate viscosity into the rotary actuator 22 of the speed ratio switching mechanism 20. There is a risk that large running costs are required.

  Furthermore, according to the technology of the conventional speed reducer 30 with a speed ratio switching mechanism, the clutch cylinder 15 has a thin cylindrical shape, and the engagement between the internal splines 15S1 and the external splines 11S or the external splines 15S2 and the internal splines 13S. Since load is supported only at two points of meshing and meshing of the internal spline 15S3 and the external spline 14S, there is a risk of vibrationally unstable especially at high speed rotation.

According to Patent Document 1, the output shaft is a hollow shaft, the speed ratio switching means is used to move the spool of the transmission, and either the high-speed rotating gear or the low-speed rotating gear on the input shaft side is moved through the movement of the spool. Is engaged with the output shaft through engagement with the ridge, and the speed ratio is switched.
However, although the technology of Patent Document 1 can be applied to light loads such as bolts and nut tighteners, it cannot withstand extremely heavy loads such as a spindle reducer for machine tools. There is. Further, since the transmission is disposed inside the closed speed reduction mechanism, it may be difficult to adjust the engagement between the ridge and the high-speed or low-speed rotating gear.

  In view of the above-described circumstances, the present invention can withstand a high load and rotate a clutch cylinder that rotates at high speed in a stable state, and eliminates a sliding portion such as a pin and a circumferential groove and a rotary actuator. An object of the present invention is to provide a speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism that does not require a large amount of running cost and can easily perform speed ratio switching adjustment between a high speed and a low speed at an open portion.

The present invention solves the above problems by the following means.
(1) The speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism of the first means is connected to a high speed side rotation transmission part or low speed side rotation transmission part provided on the input shaft side and a rotation transmission reception part provided on the output shaft side. A rotation transmission member for transmitting the rotation drive on the input shaft side to the output shaft side, a first position for connecting the rotation transmission member to the high speed side rotation transmission portion and the rotation transmission receiving portion, and the low speed side rotation In a speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism including a speed ratio switching mechanism that moves between a transmission unit and a second position connected to the rotation transmission receiving unit, a rod coupled to the rotation transmission member outputs the rod A hollow hole of the shaft is provided so as to be able to push and pull in the axial direction of the output shaft, and the rod is pushed and pulled by engagement with the speed ratio switching mechanism, so that the rotation transmission member is moved to the first position or the Configured to move to the second position And butterflies.

  (2) The speed reducer with speed ratio switching mechanism of the second means is the speed reducer with speed ratio switching mechanism of the first means, wherein the groove A is formed at a predetermined position in the axial direction on the hollow side of the output shaft. A groove B is provided at a predetermined position in the axial direction of the rod, the groove A and a locking member that can be engaged with the groove B, and the locking member in one direction of the groove A or the groove B. An elastic member that acts to push in is provided in the groove B or the groove A, respectively, and when the rod is pushed or pulled, the locking member resists the elastic force of the elastic member. When the rod is disengaged from the locking with the groove B and the rod is in a position corresponding to the first position or the second position, the locking member is moved by the elastic force of the elastic member. The rod is locked in the groove B to position the rod in the axial direction. Characterized in that it was.

  (3) The speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism of the third means is the engaging portion between the rod and the speed ratio switching mechanism in the speed reducer with the speed ratio switching mechanism of the first means or the second means. The rod is engaged with the engaging portion of the speed ratio switching mechanism during the pushing and pulling, and the rod is separated from the engaging portion of the speed ratio switching mechanism during the rotation transmission. It is characterized by that.

  (4) A speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to a fourth means is the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the third means, wherein the engaging portion of the rod and the speed ratio switching mechanism is connected to the speed reducer main body. It is arranged outside the frame.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism, the rod coupled to the rotation transmission member is provided so as to be able to be pushed and pulled in the axial direction of the output shaft through the hollow hole of the output shaft. By sliding and engaging the pin and the circumferential groove, the rotation transmitting member (clutch cylinder) is moved to the first position or the second position by being pushed and pulled by engagement with the ratio switching mechanism. This eliminates the problem of the occurrence of wear caused by sliding, and the rotary actuator for changing the engagement position between the pin and the circumferential groove is eliminated. There is an effect that it is not necessary to continuously supply oil having a high viscosity. Further, since the rotation transmission member (clutch cylinder) is coupled to the rod, the load support of the clutch cylinder is stable, and the vibration during high-speed rotation is reduced.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the first aspect, the groove A is formed at a predetermined position on the hollow side of the output shaft, and the groove B is formed at a predetermined position on the outer peripheral side of the rod. A locking member that can be engaged with the groove A and the groove B, and an elastic member that acts to push the locking member in either the groove A or the groove B, respectively. Alternatively, the groove A is provided, and when the rod is pushed and pulled, the locking member is disengaged from the locking with the groove A or the groove B against the elastic force of the elastic member, and the rod is When the position corresponds to the position 1 or the second position, the locking member is locked in the groove A or the groove B by the elastic force of the elastic member to position the rod in the axial direction. By doing so, the first position or the first position of the rod And it can be maintained in position without the rod except when speed ratio switching operation moves, an effect that can be stably maintained switching speed ratio.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the first aspect, wherein the rod and the speed ratio switching mechanism are engaged with each other at the time of the push-pull. By engaging with the engagement portion of the ratio switching mechanism and the rod being separated from the engagement portion of the speed ratio switching mechanism when transmitting the rotation, the sliding engagement portion is eliminated and high-speed rotation is achieved. Even at times, there is an effect that wear due to sliding does not occur.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the third aspect, the rod and the engaging portion of the speed ratio switching mechanism are arranged outside the frame of the speed reducer main body. Accordingly, the position of the engaging portion of the rod and the speed ratio switching mechanism can be easily adjusted.

FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention, partly cut; (a rotation transmission member is connected to a high speed side rotation transmission unit and a rotation transmission reception unit; Shows the case. It is front sectional drawing of the reduction gear with a speed ratio switching mechanism concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention, and it is partially cut | disconnected and the rotation transmission member is connected with the low speed side rotation transmission part and the rotation transmission receiving part. Shows the case. It is the elements on larger scale of the II section of FIG. It is the elements on larger scale of the III section of FIG. It is a figure explaining other embodiment about positioning of speed ratio switching. It is a figure which shows another example of the reduction gear with a speed ratio switching mechanism concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and is made into the elements on larger scale. It is a figure explaining the speed ratio switching of FIG. It is front sectional drawing of the reduction gear with a conventional speed ratio switching mechanism, and is cut partially.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1A is a front sectional view of a reduction gear with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a part of the reduction gear is cut, and a rotation transmission member is connected to a high-speed side rotation transmission unit and a rotation transmission reception unit. The case where it is connected is shown. FIG. 1B is a front cross-sectional view of the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which a rotation transmission member is provided at the low speed side rotation transmission portion and the rotation transmission reception portion. The case where it is connected is shown.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of part III in FIG.
In FIG. 1, the same structure as that of the conventional speed reducer 30 with the speed ratio switching mechanism described above based on FIG. 7 is given the same symbol, and some of the overlapping parts are not shown. Although some explanations are cited, duplicate explanations may be omitted.
In FIG. 1, the upper side of the figure is the input shaft side, and the lower side of the figure is the output shaft side.

In FIG. 1, a speed reducer 1 with a speed ratio switching mechanism is supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on a frame 9 and has an external spline 11S and is driven to rotate by a driving mechanism (not shown). 11, a gear shaft 12 having a small gear 12 </ b> G that is supported by a bearing 9 </ b> B <b> 3 and the like provided on the frame 9 and meshes with each other, a step portion between the bearing 9 </ b> B <b> 2 provided on the frame 9 and the input shaft 11. The outer gear 13G meshed with the small gear 12G, the large gear 13 on the low speed side having the internal spline 13S on the inner peripheral side, the spacer 4K1 provided on the frame 9 and the spacer 4K1. And a pair of bearings 9B4 positioned by 4K2, and a pair of bearings 9B5 provided on the frame 9 and positioned by spacers 4K3 and 4K4, The external shaft spline 4S includes an output shaft 4 having a spline 4S, a hollow hole 4H and an external gear 4G, an internal spline 5S1 meshing with the external spline 11S, and an external spline 5S2 meshing with the internal spline 13S. A clutch cylinder 5 having an internal spline 5S3 meshing with 4S, and an outer diameter portion 6D of the clutch cylinder 5 slide in the hollow hole 4H, and one end is attached to the disk 5W of the clutch cylinder 5 via a fastener 5T, The other end has a rod 6 having a flat plate portion 6P, a hole 7H in which the rod 6 can move in the axial direction with an appropriate gap, and a surface 7W1 and a surface 7W2 that can be engaged with the flat plate portion 6P of the rod 6. By means of a speed ratio switching mechanism 10 comprising a shaft 7 that moves in the direction of the arrow F1 shown in FIG. 1A and the arrow F2 shown in FIG. It is mainly composed.
The rod 6 is liquid-tightly sealed by a seal 9S provided on the frame 9.

  That is, the high speed side rotation transmission portion is configured by meshing the external spline 11S of the input shaft 11 and the internal spline 5S1 of the clutch cylinder 5, and the internal spline 13S of the large gear 13 and the external spline 5S2 of the clutch cylinder 5 The low speed side rotation transmission part is constituted by meshing, and the rotation transmission receiving part is constituted by meshing of the internal spline 5S3 of the clutch cylinder 5 and the external spline 4S of the output shaft 4, and the clutch cylinder 5 Constitutes a rotation transmitting member.

  Then, the operation of the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 disposed outside the frame 9 causes the clutch cylinder 5 to move in the direction of the arrow 5F via the rod 6, as shown in FIG. The first position where the internal spline 5S1 of the clutch cylinder 5 is engaged with and connected to the external spline 11S of the input shaft 11, and the external spline 5S2 of the clutch cylinder 5 is the internal gear 13 as shown in FIG. A second position is formed to mesh with and connect to the tooth spline 13S.

  The positioning of the first position and the second position of the clutch cylinder 5 is performed between a retainer 4F attached to the end of the output shaft 4 and the end of the output shaft 4, as will be described later. The sphere (locking member) 8S is engaged with the groove (B) 6C1 or the groove (B) 6C2 provided in the rod 6 by the elastic force of the elastic body 8C in the groove (A) 4C1 thus configured. It has come to be. That is, the groove (A) 4 </ b> C <b> 1 is formed at the end of the output shaft 4 in the axial direction on the hollow side, which is the side where the hollow hole is formed with respect to the input shaft 11.

Here, the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
2A shows a state where the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is moving in the direction of the arrow F1, and FIG. 2B shows a state where the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is moving in the direction of the arrow F2. Yes.
In FIG. 2A, when the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 moves in the direction of arrow F1 and is transmitted to the high speed rotation side by a command from a control device (not shown), the surface 7W2 of the shaft 7 The rod 6 is pushed in the direction of the arrow F1 through the surface 6W2 of the flat plate portion 6P. In FIG. 2B, the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow F2 by a command from a control device (not shown). When the rotation is transmitted to the low speed rotation side, the surface 7W1 of the shaft 7 pulls the rod 6 in the direction of the arrow F2 via the surface 6W1 of the flat plate portion 6P of the rod 6. That is, in the present embodiment, the engaging portion between the rod 6 and the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is configured by the surface 7W2 of the shaft 7 that engages with the flat plate portion 6P of the rod 6. The flat plate portion 6P of the rod 6 and the surface 7W2 of the shaft 7 that is the engaging portion of the speed ratio switching mechanism are arranged outside the frame 9 of the main body of the speed reducer 1 with the speed ratio switching mechanism.

Next, positioning after the clutch cylinder 5 is moved to the first position and the second position in the direction of the arrow 5F will be described with reference to FIG.
3A shows a state where the sphere 8S is engaged with the groove (B) 6C1, that is, a state where the rod 6 is positioned at the first position, and FIG. 3C shows a state where the sphere 8S is the groove. (B) The state engaged with 6C2, that is, the state where the rod 6 is positioned at the second position, FIG. 3 (b) is the state shown in FIG. 3 (a) due to the movement of the rod 6 in the direction F2 shown in the figure. 3C shows a transient state from the state shown in FIG. 3C to the state shown in FIG. 3A due to the movement of the rod 6 in the direction F1 shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3B, in the transient state, the sphere 8S is retracted to a position sandwiched between the outer diameter portion of the rod 6 and the elastic body 8C against the elastic force of the elastic body 8C.
That is, when the rod 6 moves in the F2 direction from the state of FIG. 3A, or when the rod 6 moves in the F1 direction from the state of FIG. 3C, the sphere 8S becomes the groove (B) 6C1 or It deviates from the groove (B) 6C2 and retracts toward the output shaft 4 side.

  It should be noted that the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is configured so that the rod 6 moves in the direction of the arrow F1 and the rod 6 is positioned at the first position, or the rod 6 moves in the direction of the arrow F2 and the rod 6 moves. After positioning at the second position, according to a command from a control device (not shown), the contact between the end 6W1 of the flat plate portion 6P of the rod 6 and the end 7W1 of the shaft 7, or the end 6W2 and the end of the shaft 7 The shaft 7 is slightly moved forward or backward in a direction to cancel the contact with the portion 7W2 (in the state shown in FIG. 1).

Next, the operation of the reduction gear 1 with the speed ratio switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
When the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow F1 by a command from a control device (not shown) to reach the position shown in FIG. 1A, the clutch cylinder 5 is moved through the movement of the rod 6 and At the first position where the tooth spline 5S1 is engaged with and connected to the external spline 11S of the input shaft 11, the high-speed rotation of the input shaft 11 is engaged with the internal spline 5S3 of the clutch cylinder 5 and the external spline 4S of the output shaft 4. A gear (not shown) that is transmitted to the output shaft 4 and meshes with the gear 4G is rotated at a high speed.

  On the other hand, when the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 moves in the direction of arrow F2 to the position shown in FIG. 1B according to a command from a control device (not shown), the clutch cylinder 5 moves via the movement of the rod 6, and the clutch cylinder 5 In the second position where the external spline 5S2 of the large gear 13 is engaged with and coupled to the internal spline 13S of the large gear 13, the low speed rotation of the large gear 13 causes the internal spline 5S3 of the clutch cylinder 5 and the external spline 4S of the output shaft 4 to rotate. The gear (not shown) that is transmitted to the output shaft 4 through meshing with the gear 4G is rotated at a low speed.

  When the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 moves in the direction of the arrow F1 or arrow F2, the engagement between the sphere 8S and the groove (B) 6C1 or groove (B) 6C2 of the rod 6 resists the elastic force of the elastic body 8C. Then, the rod 6 moves while the outer diameter portion 6D slides relative to the hole 4H of the output shaft 4, but the first position where the clutch cylinder 5 and the input shaft 11 are connected or the clutch cylinder 5 When the spherical body 8S is moved to the second position connected to the large gear 13, the spherical body 8S is locked in the groove (B) 6C1 or the groove (B) 6C2 of the rod 6 by the elastic force of the elastic body 8C. The positioning of the first position or the second position is performed.

  After the positioning of the first position or the second position, the shaft 7 of the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 moves forward or backward slightly. Thereby, since there is no contact between the rotating rod 6 and the non-rotating shaft 7, there is no fear of contact wear, and since the speed ratio switching mechanism 10 is disposed outside the frame 9, the rod Adjustment for avoiding contact between the shaft 6 and the shaft 7 can be easily performed.

  In the above description, the rod 6 is provided with the groove (B) 6C1 and the groove (B) 6C2, and the elastic body 8C is disposed in the groove (A) 4C1 in which the end surface of the output shaft 4 is constituted by the retainer 4F. However, as shown in FIG. 4 (a diagram for explaining another embodiment of positioning for speed ratio switching), the output shaft 4 is provided with a groove (A) 4C3 and a groove (A) 4C4. Even if a hole or groove (B) 6H is provided in the rod 6 and the elastic body 8C is disposed in the groove (B) 6H, the pair of spheres 8S are pushed in the direction of the output shaft 4 by the elastic force of the elastic body 8C. The positioning of the rod 6 at the first position and the second position is the same, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

(Second embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view showing another example of the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 5, the same structure as that in FIG. 1 is denoted by the same symbol, and overlapping description is omitted, but the rod 6 shown in FIG. 1 is denoted as the rod 26 in FIG. 5.
In the speed reducer 2 with the speed ratio switching mechanism shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic body 26M1 and the magnetic body 26M2 are provided on the flat plate portion 26P at the end of the rod 26, and the speed ratio switching mechanism 40 is fixed to the end face of the frame 9 and the fixed surface. An electromagnet 28 and an electromagnet 29 that are excited by a command from a control device (not shown) are attached to the end surface of the shaft 27 at positions corresponding to the surfaces 26P1 and 26P2 of the magnetic body 26M1 and the magnetic body 26M2. .

The rod 26, the frame 9, the retainer 4F, the sphere 8S, and the elastic body 8C are made of a non-magnetic material. When the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29 is excited, the magnetic body 26M1 or the magnetic body 26M2 When the magnetic force of the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29 acts and the electromagnet 28 is excited, the surface 26P1 of the magnetic body 26M1 moves to the position Y1 of the two-dot chain line in the figure, and when the electromagnet 29 is excited. The surface 26P2 of the magnetic body 26M2 moves to the position Y2 of the two-dot chain line in the figure.
That is, the excitation of the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29 causes the rod 26 to move in the direction of the arrow 26F1 or the arrow 26F2, and accordingly the clutch cylinder 5 moves in the direction of the arrow 5F (see FIG. 1). Yes.

Here, the movement of the rod 26 in the direction of the arrow 26F1 or the arrow 26F2 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the speed ratio switching in FIG.
In the rod 26, the surface 26P1 of the magnetic body 26M1 moves to the position Y1 of the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 6 with the excitation of the electromagnet 28. At this time, the spherical body 8S is grooved (B) 26C1 by the action of the elastic body 8C. After being in the locked state once, overrun by a movement amount smaller than the width W of the groove (B) 26C1 (or groove 26C2) (for example, a movement amount of 1/3 to 1/10 of the width W). Then, as shown by the two-dot chain line in the figure, the sphere 8S slightly rides up from the groove (B) 26C1 and comes out of the locked state.
After that, when the excitation of the electromagnet 28 is released, the sphere 8S is pushed by the action of the elastic body 8C and is locked to the groove (B) 26C1 to return to the position X1 of the solid line shown in FIG. 26 is returned to the position of the solid line in the figure, and the first position for connecting the clutch cylinder 5 to the input shaft 11 is positioned.
Similarly, the second position for coupling the clutch cylinder 5 to the large gear 13 is determined by the excitation and release of the electromagnet 29.

  That is, when the speed ratio is switched, the surface 26P1 of the magnetic body 26M1 or the surface 26P2 of the magnetic body 26M2 of the flat plate portion 26P once contacts the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29. The surface 26P1 or the surface 26P2 is configured not to contact the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29.

Next, the operation of the reduction gear 2 with the speed ratio switching mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
When the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29 is excited by a command from a control device (not shown), the rod 26 is moved in the direction of the arrow 26F1 or the arrow 26F2 via the magnetic body 26M1 or the magnetic body 26M2, and once the position Y1 or After moving to the position Y2, it returns to the position X1 or the position X2, and is positioned at the first position where the clutch cylinder 5 and the input shaft 11 are connected or the second position where the clutch cylinder 5 and the large gear 13 are connected.
At this time, since the surface 26P1 or the surface 26P2 is not in contact with the electromagnet 28 or the electromagnet 29, the rod 26 is not worn even if it rotates.
Since the speed ratio switching mechanism 40 is disposed outside the frame 9, the positions X1 and Y1 and the positions X2 and Y2 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be easily adjusted. .

1, 2 Reducer with speed ratio switching mechanism 4 Output shaft 4C1, 4C3, 4C4 (Output shaft) groove (A)
4G (output shaft) gear 4S (output shaft) external spline 5 clutch cylinder 5S1 (clutch cylinder) internal tooth spline 5S2 (clutch cylinder) external tooth spline 5S3 (clutch cylinder) internal tooth spline 6, 26 Rod 6C1, 6C2, 6H, 26C1, 26C2 (Rod) groove (B)
6P, 26P Flat plate portions 7 and 27 (rod end portion) shaft 8S (speed ratio switching mechanism) shaft 8S Elastic body 10 and 40 Speed ratio switching mechanism 11 Input shaft 11S (input shaft) external spline 13 Large gear 13S Internal spline (large gear) 26M1, 26M2 Magnetic body 28, 29 Electromagnet

Claims (4)

A high speed side rotation transmission part or a low speed side rotation transmission part provided on the input shaft side;
A rotation transmission member connected to a rotation transmission receiving portion provided on the output shaft side and transmitting the rotation drive on the input shaft side to the output shaft side;
The rotation transmitting member is moved between a first position where the rotation transmitting member is connected to the high speed side rotation transmitting portion and the rotation transmitting receiving portion and a second position where the rotation transmitting member is connected to the low speed side rotation transmitting portion and the rotation transmitting receiving portion. In a speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism equipped with a speed ratio switching mechanism to
A rod coupled to the rotation transmission member is provided so as to be able to be pushed and pulled in the axial direction of the output shaft through the hollow hole of the output shaft, and the rod is pushed and pulled by engagement with the speed ratio switching mechanism, A speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism, wherein the rotation transmitting member is configured to move to the first position or the second position. In the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to claim 1,
A groove A at a predetermined position in the axial direction on the hollow side of the output shaft, a groove B at a predetermined position in the axial direction of the rod, and a locking member engageable with the groove A and the groove B;
An elastic member that acts to push the locking member in one direction of either the groove A or the groove B;
Provided in the groove B or the groove A, respectively, and when the rod is pushed and pulled, the locking member is disengaged from the locking with the groove A or the groove B against the elastic force of the elastic member; When the rod is in a position corresponding to the first position or the second position, the locking member is locked to the groove A or the groove B by the elastic force of the elastic member, and the rod A speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism, characterized in that it is positioned in the axial direction. In the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The rod engages with the speed ratio switching mechanism at the time of pushing and pulling, and the rod engages with the speed ratio switching mechanism at the time of push-pull. A speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism, wherein the speed reducer is configured to be separated from an engagement portion with the ratio switching mechanism. In the speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism according to claim 3,
A speed reducer with a speed ratio switching mechanism, wherein an engaging portion between the rod and the speed ratio switching mechanism is disposed outside a frame of the speed reducer main body.

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