JP2015036528A - Port cover opening device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a port cover opening device which releases lock for preventing opening of a port cover and opens the port cover by using one explosive device.SOLUTION: A port cover opening device includes: a port cover 1 provided at a missile 20 having an air introduction port 12a; a rotary shaft 1a which is fixed to the port cover 1 and supports the port cover 1 so that the port cover 1 may swing from a closed position to an opening position; a cam member 2 which is fixed to the rotary shaft 1a and swings with the port cover 1; and a linear motion actuator 5 which engages with the cam member 2 and swings the cam member 2. The linear motion actuator 5 locks the port cover 1 at the closed position, releases the lock at the closed position, opens the port cover 1, and locks the port cover 1 at the opening position.

Description

  The present invention relates to a port cover opening device used for a ramjet.

A ramjet refers to a rocket engine that does not have a mechanical compression device such as a turbine and a compressor unlike a turbojet and includes an air intake, a combustor, and an exhaust nozzle.
In such a ramjet rocket, immediately after the launch of the projectile, the propellant installed in the rocket is burned and accelerated to a predetermined speed by the acquired propulsive force. After the combustion of this propellant is completed In general, a method of starting air intake and mixing and burning with fuel separately mounted on a flying object is adopted.

  In the rocket as described above, it is necessary to provide an air intake port for air intake, but when propellant is burned, it functions as a pressure vessel and shuts off the gas flow at the air intake port. There is a need to do. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a structure that can withstand heat and pressure during propellant combustion.

  As such an air intake control method, for example, a port cover opening device described in Patent Document 1 below is used.

The port cover opening device described in Patent Document 1 operates a pyrotechnic for releasing a lock mechanism provided to prevent opening of the port cover and a piston provided for opening the port cover. The opening is completed by using a pyrotechnic for the purpose.

European Patent Application No. 1653074

  In invention of patent document 1, in order to release the locking mechanism provided in order to prevent opening of a port cover, and in order to operate the piston provided in order to open a port cover, each pyrotechnics Is used. Therefore, the number of parts related to the opening of the port cover is increased, and there is a problem that the structure weight of the entire flying object is increased. In addition, since it is necessary to mount a plurality of pyrotechnics, there is a problem that the reliability of the entire flying object is lowered when compared with the case where only one type of pyrotechnic is installed. It was.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a port cover opening device capable of releasing a lock and preventing opening of a port cover with one pyrotechnic.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a port cover provided on a flying object having a port for air introduction;
A rotating shaft that is fixed to the port cover and supports the port cover so as to be slidable from a closed position to an open position;
A cam member fixed to the rotating shaft and swinging with the port cover;
A linear motion actuator that engages with the cam member and swings the cam member;
The linear actuator is
(A) lock the port cover in the closed position;
(B) releasing the lock in the closed position;
(C) Open the port cover,
(D) A port cover opening device is provided, wherein the port cover is locked at an opening position.

The cam member has an inner surface facing the sliding direction when the port cover is locked in a closed position;
An outer surface facing the opposite side of the peristaltic direction,
The linear actuator includes a piston rod engageable with the cam member;
A piston drive device for moving the piston rod in the axial direction and in the peristaltic direction;
The piston rod has an outer surface contact portion that is provided at the other end and contacts the outer surface of the cam member, and an inner surface contact portion that is provided at an intermediate portion thereof and contacts the inner surface of the cam member,
The piston drive device
In (A), the piston rod is fixed in a state where the inner surface contact portion is in contact with the inner surface,
In (B), the piston rod is moved in the axial direction and in the peristaltic direction side so as to release the state where the inner surface contact portion is in contact with the inner surface,
In (C), the piston rod is further moved so that the outer surface contact portion is in contact with the outer surface and is urged against the outer surface,
In (D), the piston rod is fixed so that the outer surface abutting portion is positioned on the movement path of the outer surface at the time of swinging.

The piston drive device
A piston fixed to the tip of the piston rod on the side of the sliding direction;
A hollow cylindrical piston cylinder surrounding the piston movably;
A breakable first stopper member fixed in the piston cylinder and fixing the piston at the position (A);
An explosive that is installed in the piston cylinder and closer to the piston rod than the piston and moves the piston in the peristaltic direction side by operation thereof;
A second stopper member fixed in the piston cylinder and fixing the piston at the position (D).

According to the present invention described above, the cam member that is fixed to the rotating shaft and swings with the port cover, and the linear actuator that engages with the cam member and swings the cam member are provided, thereby preventing the opening of the port cover. The unlocking and the opening of the port cover can be performed in a series of operations. Accordingly, the lock for preventing the opening of the port cover and the opening of the port cover can be performed with one pyrotechnic.

It is a block diagram of the flying body which attached the port cover opening apparatus in this invention. It is a block diagram before opening of the port cover in this invention. It is a block diagram after opening of the port cover in this invention. It is an enlarged view of the port cover and cam member in this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the piston drive device in the present invention.

  A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the common part in each figure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a flying object 20 to which a port cover opening device 10 according to the present invention is attached. 1A is a configuration diagram when the propellant 13 is burned, and FIG. 1B is a configuration diagram when the port cover 1 is opened after the propellant 13 is burned.
The flying body 20 of the present invention is assumed to include, for example, a port cover 1, a port cover opening device 10, a motor case 12, a propellant 13, a nozzle 14, a combustion chamber 15, and a fuel chamber 16. doing.

The flying object 20 in this example is assumed to be a rocket flying in the atmosphere. In FIG. 1, a configuration near the rear end in the traveling direction of the flying object 20 is illustrated.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 1A, the flying object 20 in this example burns the propellant 13 mounted therein immediately after the launch to acquire the propulsive force. After the combustion of the propellant 13 is completed, as shown in FIG. 1B, the port cover 1 is opened by a port cover opening device 10 to be described later, and the air outside the flying object 20 is blown into the combustion chamber 15. It is assumed that the propulsion is obtained by mixing and burning with the fuel stored in the fuel chamber 16 and continuing to fly.
Details of the port cover opening device 10 will be described later.

In this example, it is assumed that the motor case 12 has a hollow shape and has a propellant 13 loaded therein.
Further, the motor case 12 in this example has an ignition device (not shown) provided with an ignition agent (not shown) in its axial center, and propulsion is performed by igniting the ignition agent by this ignition device. It is assumed that the medicine 13 starts to burn and gives propulsion to the flying object 20.

  In this example, the nozzle 14 is provided in communication with the rear end of the motor case 12 in the flight direction, and injects gas generated by the propellant 13 and the like backward in the flight direction.

  The fuel chamber 16 stores fuel to be mixed with air after the propellant 13 is combusted. The fuel chamber 16 may be configured to communicate with the combustion chamber 15 in conjunction with an opening of the port cover 1 to be described later and to start supplying fuel to the combustion chamber 15.

  The air intake (not shown) is provided in front of the flying body 20 in the traveling direction, and is for guiding air from the outside to the inside of the flying body 20. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, after the combustion of the propellant 13 and when the port cover 1 is opened, the air can be guided into the combustion chamber 15. The air intake port is provided in front of the flying body 20 in the traveling direction, so that the air can be automatically taken into the interior when the flying body 20 flies.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram before opening the port cover 1 in the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram after opening the port cover 1 in the present invention.
A port cover opening device 10 according to the present invention includes a port cover 1, a cam member 2, and a linear actuator 5.

  The port cover opening device 10 unlocks the port cover 1 from the closed state, opens the port cover 1, and locks the port cover 1 in the open state. The port cover opening device 10 in this example is assumed to be provided on a part of the side surface of the motor case 12 on the front side in the traveling direction, and communicates with the air intake port described above when opened. Thus, air can be taken into the motor case 12.

The port cover 1 is provided on the flying object 20 having the air introduction port 12a, and by controlling the opening and closing, the intake of air from the port 12a can be controlled. .
The port cover 1 is fixed to the port cover 1 and further has a rotating shaft 1a that supports the port cover 1 so as to be slidable from a closed position (fully closed position) to an open position (fully opened position). . In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, only one rotating shaft 1 a in this example is attached to one side surface of the port cover 1. For example, one rotating shaft 1 a is attached to each side surface of the port cover 1. The port cover 1 may be provided so as to be in a straight line with each other. Furthermore, it may penetrate the inside of the port cover 1 and may be exposed from both side surfaces of the port cover 1.

  The port cover 1 is provided at a port 12a in the motor case 12, and as shown in FIG. 2, the port cover 1 is positioned so as to completely seal the port 12a when closed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent air outside the flying object 20 from being taken into the combustion chamber 15 during the closing. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, when the port cover 1 is opened, the outside of the combustion chamber 15 communicates with the inside of the port 12 a, so that air can be taken into the combustion chamber 15.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cam member 2 is fixed to the rotary shaft 1 a and swings together with the port cover 1. The cam member 2 in this example is assumed to have an inner surface 2a facing the swing direction when the port cover 1 is locked in the closed position and an outer surface 2b facing the opposite side of the swing direction. Yes.
The cam member 2 is assumed to be fixed to the rotary shaft 1a. However, for example, the cam member 2 can be removed and the attachment angle to the rotary shaft 1a can be changed. May be.
In the present invention, the port cover 1 and the cam member 2 are integrally attached via the rotating shaft 1a, so that they can be integrally swung. Therefore, the port cover 1 can be opened by swinging the cam member 2 as described later.
In the example of FIG. 4, only one cam member 2 is attached, but when the rotating shaft 1 a is attached to both side surfaces of the port cover 1 (or the rotating shaft 1 a penetrates the port cover 1). In this case, the cam member 2 may be attached to both ends of the rotating shaft 1a.

  The linear motion actuator 5 engages with the cam member 2 and swings the cam member 2. In this example, a piston rod 3 that can be engaged with the cam member 2, and a piston drive device 4 that moves the piston rod in the axial direction and when the port cover 1 is locked in the closed position. Is assumed to have. Further, in this example, the piston rod 3 includes an outer surface contact portion 3b provided at the other end and contacted with the outer surface 2b of the cam member 2, and an inner surface contact provided at an intermediate portion thereof and contacted with the inner surface 2a of the cam member 2. The thing which has the contact part 3a is assumed.

  This piston drive device 4 assumes that the piston rod 3 is fixed in a state in which the inner surface contact portion 3a of the piston rod 3 is in contact with the inner surface 2a of the cam member 2 before the operation. . That is, since this inner surface contact portion 3a is in contact with the inner surface 2a from the direction facing the inner surface 2a, it is possible to prevent the cam member 2 from swinging by fixing the piston rod 3. It is. Therefore, the linear actuator 5 can lock the port cover 1 in the closed position.

  Next, when the piston rod 3 moves as described above, the contact state between the inner surface 2a and the inner surface contact portion 3a described above is released. Therefore, the cam member 2 is in a state where it can be slid. Therefore, the linear actuator 5 can release the lock at the closed position of the port cover 1.

  Further, by further movement of the piston rod 3, the outer surface contact portion 3b is brought into contact with the outer surface 2b and is urged against the outer surface 2b. For this reason, the cam member 2 is oscillated by this urging force, and the rotation shaft 1a and the port cover 1 that are integrally attached to the cam member 2 are also oscillated, whereby the port cover 1 can be opened.

  Further, after the cam member 2 is swung due to the opening of the port cover 1, the piston rod 3 is fixed so that the outer surface contact portion 3b of the piston rod 3 is positioned on the moving path of the outer surface 2b at the time of the swing. Let As a result, even when the port cover 1 receives resistance due to the air taken into the flying object 20, the outer surface 2b does not swing due to contact with the outer surface contact portion 3b. Therefore, after the port cover 1 is opened, the port cover 1 can be locked at the opened position.

The shape of the cam member 2 is a vertically long shape such as an ellipse, and is attached to the rotary shaft 1a at a position close to one end portion in the longitudinal direction, and is configured to abut on the outer surface contact portion 3b at the other end portion. preferable.
With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the urging force that the outer surface contact portion 3b applies to the outer surface 2b from reaching the rotating shaft 1a and damaging the rotating shaft 1a.

  It is preferable that the inner surface 2a and the inner surface contact portion 3a have a shape that makes the contact area as wide as possible during the contact. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the inner surface abutting portion 3a adopts a flat plate shape, and the inner surface 2a has a surface provided at an angle that can follow the flat portion of the flat plate shape when abutting. It is preferable to employ one having a notch portion.

The structure of the piston drive device 4 will be described in detail below.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the piston drive device 4 according to the present invention. FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram before the operation of the piston drive device 4, and FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram after the operation of the piston drive device 4.
The piston driving device 4 is assumed to have a piston 4a, a piston cylinder 4b, a first stopper member 4c, an explosive 4d, and a second stopper member 4e.

  In this example, the piston 4a is fixed to the tip of the piston rod 3, and the piston cylinder 4b encloses the piston 4a so as to be movable and has a hollow cylindrical shape. ing.

  Further, the first stopper member 4c is fixed in the piston cylinder 4b and fixes the piston 4a at a position where the inner surface contact portion 3a contacts the inner surface 2a, and is assumed to be ruptureable. Yes.

The explosive 4d is disposed in the piston cylinder 4b and closer to the piston rod than the piston 4a, and moves the piston 4a by its operation.
The second stopper member 4e is fixed in the piston cylinder 4b, and fixes the piston 4a at a position where the outer surface contact portion 3b is positioned on the movement path of the outer surface 2b during the swinging. .

  It is assumed that the piston 4a is fixed at a position where the piston rod 3 locks the port cover 1 in the closed position by the first stopper member 4c fixed in the piston cylinder 4b before the operation of the piston drive device 4. doing.

When the piston driving device 4 is operated, the explosive 4d installed in the piston cylinder 4b and closer to the piston rod than the piston 4a is operated, and the first stopper member 4c is broken by the impact generated at this time. As a result, the piston 4a is moved to the back of the piston cylinder 4b. After the movement of the piston 4a, the port cover 1 is located at the open position by fitting the second stopper member 4e fixed in the piston cylinder 4b and the recess 4f provided on the piston 4a. Thus, the piston 4a and the piston rod 3 are locked.
By having this configuration, the piston 4a and the piston rod 3 are fixed before the operation of the explosive 4d, and after the operation of the explosive 4d, the piston 4a moved to the inner part of the piston cylinder 4b is fixed thereto. It becomes possible.
The second stopper member 4e is assumed to be, for example, an O-ring or a low-rigidity metal ring.

  Moreover, the buffer material 4g is installed in the back part of the piston cylinder 4b, and the structure which does not damage the back part of the piston rod 3, the piston 4a, and the piston cylinder 4b by the piston 4a at the time of the action | operation of the gunpowder 4d may be sufficient. .

In addition, as shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3, you may make the outer surface 2b and the outer surface contact part 3b into a curved surface (a 1st convex curved surface and a 2nd convex curved surface, respectively).
With this configuration, it is possible to lengthen the time during which the outer surface 2b and the outer surface contact portion 3b are in contact with each other, and the kinetic energy obtained by the cam member 2 by the contact can be efficiently transferred to the opening of the port cover 1. It becomes possible to use.

  According to the present invention described above, by including the cam member 2 fixed to the rotary shaft 1a and swinging together with the port cover 1, and the linear motion actuator 5 engaging with the cam member 2 and swinging the cam member 2, The unlocking for preventing the opening of the port cover 1 and the opening of the port cover 1 can be performed in a series of operations. Therefore, the lock for preventing the opening of the port cover 1 and the opening of the port cover 1 can be performed with one pyrotechnic.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Port cover 1a Rotating shaft 2 Cam member 2a Inner surface 2b Outer surface 3 Piston rod 3a Inner surface contact part 3b Outer surface contact part 4 Piston drive 4a Piston 4b Piston cylinder 4c First stopper member 4d Explosive 4e Second stopper member 4f Recessed part 4g Buffer material 5 Direct acting actuator 10 Port cover opening device 12 Motor case 12a Port 13 Propellant 14 Nozzle 15 Combustion chamber 16 Fuel chamber 20 Flying object

Claims (3)

A port cover provided on the flying object having a port for air introduction;
A rotating shaft that is fixed to the port cover and supports the port cover so as to be slidable from a closed position to an open position;
A cam member fixed to the rotating shaft and swinging with the port cover;
A linear motion actuator that engages with the cam member and swings the cam member;
The linear actuator is
(A) lock the port cover in the closed position;
(B) releasing the lock in the closed position;
(C) Open the port cover,
(D) A port cover opening device that locks the port cover at an opening position. The cam member has an inner surface facing the sliding direction when the port cover is locked in a closed position;
An outer surface facing the opposite side of the peristaltic direction,
The linear actuator includes a piston rod engageable with the cam member;
A piston drive device for moving the piston rod in the axial direction and in the peristaltic direction;
The piston rod has an outer surface contact portion that is provided at the other end and contacts the outer surface of the cam member, and an inner surface contact portion that is provided at an intermediate portion thereof and contacts the inner surface of the cam member,
The piston drive device
In (A), the piston rod is fixed in a state where the inner surface contact portion is in contact with the inner surface,
In (B), the piston rod is moved in the axial direction and in the peristaltic direction side so as to release the state where the inner surface contact portion is in contact with the inner surface,
In (C), the piston rod is further moved so that the outer surface contact portion is in contact with the outer surface and is urged against the outer surface,
2. The port cover opening according to claim 1, wherein, in (D), the piston rod is fixed so that the outer surface abutting portion is positioned on a movement path of the outer surface at the time of swinging. apparatus. The piston drive device
A piston fixed to the tip of the piston rod on the side of the sliding direction;
A hollow cylindrical piston cylinder surrounding the piston movably;
A breakable first stopper member fixed in the piston cylinder and fixing the piston at the position (A);
An explosive that is installed in the piston cylinder and closer to the piston rod than the piston and moves the piston in the peristaltic direction side by operation thereof;
The port cover opening device according to claim 2, further comprising: a second stopper member that is fixed in the piston cylinder and fixes the piston at the position (D).

Images