JP2015033349A - Mushroom cultivation kit, and mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mushroom cultivation kit capable of producing homogeneous mushrooms without using a woody base material even in the case of large scale cultivation, and to provide a mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom cultivation kit.SOLUTION: A cultivation kit for cultivating mushrooms comprises: an incubator 2 which has an opening 3h and in which mesh air gap 4h is formed; and liquid medium 5 housed in the incubator 2. A mushroom bed in which a nutrient source uniformly exists can be easily prepared regardless of an inner volume of the incubator 2 only by allowing the incubator 2 to house the liquid medium 5, so that homogeneous mushrooms M can be produced even in a large scale cultivation of the mushrooms M. Furthermore, because the incubator has air permeability thanks to the mesh air gap 4h in the incubator 2, and includes a function of supporting the mushrooms M, sawdust or the like used in a regular mushroom bed becomes needless, which can solve problems, such as short supply of raw materials in the case of using lumber as a raw material, and a waste mushroom bed.

Description

  The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation kit and a mushroom cultivation method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation kit and a mushroom cultivation method using a liquid culture type fungus bed.

  In recent years, many edible mushrooms have been able to be cultivated regardless of the seasons throughout the year by using artificially prepared fungus beds. This artificially prepared fungus bed is a woody base material (hereinafter simply referred to as woody base material) that supports mushroom nutrients and hyphae, and helps to improve mushroom growth. It consists of nutrients added as a source of nutrition and water. In general, sawdust and sawdust made from wood are used as a wooden substrate, and wheat bran and rice bran are used as nutrients. And by using the raw material which can be obtained easily as mentioned above, since it became possible to artificially prepare a fungus bed, it became possible to grow a mushroom on a large scale.

  Large-scale cultivation of edible mushrooms has led to large consumption of woody base materials such as sawdust used for fungus beds. For this reason, insufficient supply of the wood base material used as a raw material has been a problem. On the other hand, since the used microbial bed (waste microbial bed) after harvesting mushrooms cannot be reused, treatment of the waste microbial bed generated in large quantities is also a problem.

  Then, the cultivation method of the mushroom using the fungus bed which does not use wood as a raw material is proposed (for example, patent document 1, nonpatent literature 1). Such a cultivation method has an advantage that the supply shortage of sawdust and the like can be solved, and the generation amount of waste fungus bed can be suppressed by using a reusable base material.

  Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for cultivating mushrooms using a resin or glass substrate instead of a wood substrate such as sawdust. Specifically, Patent Document 1 describes a cultivation method using a resin base material and a mixture of rice bran as a nutrient at a weight ratio of about 5: 1. 1 describes a cultivation method in which a glass base material and rice bran as a nutrient are mixed at a weight ratio of 270: 16.

JP 2003-134933 A

Journal of Japanese Mushroom Society Vol.13, No. 1, p13-p20 (2005)

  However, the cultivation method of Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is difficult to produce a homogeneous mushroom for the following reasons when large-scale cultivation is performed.

In order to produce a homogeneous mushroom by the cultivation method of Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1, it is necessary to prepare a fungus bed in which a nutrient serving as a nutrient source for mushrooms is uniformly present between the inorganic base materials as described above. There is. However, as described above, the amount of nutrient used in the fungus bed of the cultivation method of Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1 is very small relative to the base material.
For this reason, on a laboratory level scale (specifically, 100 ml or less), the nutrient can be prepared in a uniform state, but when preparing a large amount of fungus bed, It is difficult to prepare it in a uniform state.
That is, in the cultivation method of Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1, it is practically impossible to prepare a fungal bed of about several L that is used for large-scale cultivation so that the nutrient is in a uniform state. Is possible.

  At present, a fungus bed that can be used for large-scale cultivation without using wood as a raw material has not been developed, and development of such a fungus bed is desired.

  In view of the above circumstances, the present invention is a mushroom cultivation kit capable of producing homogeneous mushrooms even when cultivated on a large scale without using a wooden base material, and a mushroom cultivation method using such a mushroom cultivation kit The purpose is to provide.

The mushroom cultivation kit of the first invention is a cultivation kit for cultivating mushrooms, having an opening and having a mesh-like void formed therein, and housed in the incubator And a liquid medium.
A mushroom cultivation kit according to a second aspect of the present invention is the mushroom cultivation kit according to the first aspect, wherein the incubator includes a main body having a hollow housing space therein and a base material that can be housed in the housing space of the main body. A network-like void is formed by the base material.
The mushroom cultivation kit of the third invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the liquid medium is a rice bran extract.
The mushroom cultivation kit of the fourth invention is characterized in that, in the first, second or third invention, the base material is a sponge.
The mushroom cultivation method of the fifth invention is a mushroom cultivation method characterized by cultivating mushrooms in an incubator containing a liquid medium, having an opening, and having a mesh-like void formed therein. To do.
A mushroom cultivation method according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the fifth aspect, wherein the incubator includes a main body having a hollow housing space therein and a base material that can be housed in the housing space of the main body. The substrate is formed with a mesh-like void, and the liquid medium is a rice bran extract.

According to the first invention, by using the liquid medium, the nutrient source of mushrooms can be uniformly present in the incubator. In other words, simply by storing the liquid medium in the incubator, it is possible to easily prepare a fungus bed in which nutrient sources exist uniformly. Moreover, since the liquid medium is liquid, the nutrient source is uniformly present in the incubator regardless of the internal volume in the incubator, so that it can produce a homogeneous mushroom even in large-scale cultivation of mushrooms. Can do. In addition, since a mesh-like void is formed in the incubator, the incubator is air permeable and has a function of supporting mushroom M hyphae. Oga powder or the like used in the above is no longer necessary, so that problems such as insufficient supply of raw materials and waste bacteria beds when wood is used as a raw material can be solved.
According to the second invention, since the mesh-like voids are formed by the base material, the base material can be reused if the base material is separated from the main body portion and the base material is washed. That is, generation | occurrence | production of wastes, such as a waste microbial bed, can be suppressed.
According to the 3rd invention, since a rice bran extract is used as a liquid medium, a mushroom can be cultivated reliably.
According to the fourth invention, since the sponge is used as the base material, the base material can be deformed according to the shape in the incubator, and can be processed according to the shape of the incubator. Therefore, the base material can be easily and appropriately accommodated in the incubator. For this reason, since handling of a base material becomes easy, workability | operativity, such as accommodation of a base material and washing | cleaning, can be improved. In addition, if it is cut into an arbitrary size, a void having a cross-sectional area with a different size can be formed in a complex in the incubator. For this reason, since the air permeability in an incubator can be improved, productivity of a mushroom can be improved.
According to the fifth aspect, by storing the liquid medium in the incubator, the nutrient source of the mushroom can be uniformly present in the incubator. In other words, simply by storing the liquid medium in the incubator, it is possible to easily prepare a fungus bed in which nutrient sources exist uniformly. Moreover, since the liquid medium is liquid, the nutrient source is uniformly present in the incubator regardless of the internal volume in the incubator, so that it can produce a homogeneous mushroom even in large-scale cultivation of mushrooms. Can do. Further, since a mesh-like void is formed in the incubator, it can support the generation of mushrooms. Then, since the sawdust used for supporting the mushroom is not necessary, problems such as insufficient supply of raw materials and waste bacteria bed when using wood as a raw material can be solved.
According to the sixth invention, the base material can be reused by separating the base material from the main body and washing the base material. And since a rice bran extract is used as a liquid culture medium, a mushroom can be cultivated reliably.

It is the schematic explanatory drawing which showed the condition which grew the mushroom M using the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the preparation method of the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment. It is the figure which showed the experimental result (the support body and liquid medium which were accommodated in the incubator) of an Example. It is the figure which showed the experimental result (fruit body formation) of the Example. It is the figure which showed the experimental result (The relationship between the component composition of a liquid culture medium, and a fruit body) of an Example.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention is a cultivation kit for cultivating mushrooms, and is characterized in that a homogeneous mushroom can be produced simply by storing a liquid medium in an incubator.

First, before describing the characteristics of the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention, an outline of the mushroom cultivation kit will be described.
In FIG. 1, the code | symbol 1 has shown the mushroom cultivation kit of this embodiment. Moreover, the code | symbol M has shown the mushroom cultivated by the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment. The mushroom M to be cultivated is a mushroom in which a fruiting body is formed by growing mycelia, and this fruiting body is used for food. Although wood-rotting fungi such as mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms (Asteraceae) and shiitake mushrooms (Amanita mushrooms) such as shiitake mushrooms can be mentioned, the types are not particularly limited.
Hereinafter, a state in which a fruit body is formed is simply referred to as a mushroom M.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of the present embodiment includes an incubator 2 for growing a mycelium inoculated therein and cultivating a mushroom M, and a liquid medium accommodated in the incubator 2. And 5.

  The incubator 2 includes a main body 3 having an accommodation space therein and a base material 4 accommodated in the accommodation space of the main body 3.

  The main body 3 includes an accommodation space formed therein, and an opening 3h having an opening that communicates the accommodation space with the outside is formed. The housing space of the main body 3 can inoculate the base material 4 with the mushroom M inoculum in the state in which the base material 4 is accommodated therein, and can cultivate the inoculated mycelium to the state of the mushroom M. Is formed. For example, in the case of enokitake, the storage space of the main body 3 is preferably about 800 to 1000 ml, but may be appropriately sized according to the mushroom M to be cultivated.

  In addition, the material of the main body 3 is not particularly limited, but moisture and the like cannot escape from the accommodation space of the main body 3 during cultivation of the mushroom M, and the main body 3 itself is difficult to be decomposed by the mushroom M. is there. For example, glass or resin is preferable, and if the inside situation can be visually confirmed, the hyphal growth status can be confirmed, and the culture conditions can be appropriately optimized according to the hypha growth status. It is. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the main body 3 is a bottomed cylindrical member having an opening 3h above, and a container made of polyvinyl chloride or glass can be used.

  The shape and size of the opening 3h of the main body 3 are particularly limited as long as the mushroom M cultured in the main body 3 can be grown outward from the main body 3. Not. For example, if the opening of the opening 3h is circular and the diameter thereof is about 70 to 80 mm, one strain generally sold in the market can grow about 300 g of enokitake.

The base material 4 is a member having a mesh-like gap 4h inside. That is, the mesh-shaped gap 4 h in the incubator 2 is formed by the base material 4. The cross-sectional shape and the gap diameter of the mesh-like gap 4h are not particularly limited. For example, the gap diameter of the gap 4h is preferably about several tens to several hundreds of μm as long as the inoculated hyphae can enter and grow into the mesh-like gap 4h.
As the base material 4, for example, a sponge-like member having a mesh-like void 4h inside or a member composed of a plurality of granular materials can be employed.

  The liquid medium 5 is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid having a nutrient source capable of growing the inoculated mycelium up to the mushroom M. Details of the liquid medium 5 will be described later.

  Since it is the above structure, the base material 4 which has the mesh-shaped space | gap 4h is accommodated in the main-body part 3 from the opening part 3h of the main-body part 3 of the incubator 2, and in this state, the liquid culture medium 5 is contained in the main-body part 3. Can be prepared, the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment can be prepared.

  That is, the liquid culture medium 5 is maintained in a state where it is infiltrated into the mesh-like gap 4 h existing in the base material 4 in a state where it is accommodated in the main body 3. Therefore, in the gap 4h in the main body 3 of the incubator 2, a sufficient amount of the liquid medium 5 can be provided for the growth of mushroom M hyphae. In other words, by using the liquid medium 5, the nutrient source of the mushroom M can be uniformly present in the main body 3 of the incubator 2. Then, simply by storing the liquid medium 5 in the main body 3 of the incubator 2, it is possible to easily prepare a fungus bed in which nutrient sources exist uniformly.

  As described above, the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of the present embodiment is a member corresponding to the fungus bed for cultivating the mushroom M (simply shown in the present embodiment) only by a simple operation of housing the liquid medium 5 in the main body 3. In the mushroom cultivation kit 1, the base material 4 and the liquid medium 5 accommodated in the main body 3 can be easily formed. For this reason, since the agitation operation | work etc. which are required in order to prepare a normal microbial bed become unnecessary, the workability | operativity of mushroom cultivation can be improved and the mushroom excellent also in economical efficiency can be cultivated.

For example, in the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of the present embodiment, mushrooms can be cultivated as follows.
First, in the main body part 3 of the incubator 2 prepared in a state in which the liquid medium 5 as a nutrient source is infiltrated into the base material 4, the upper part of the base material 4 accommodated in the main body part 3 from the opening 3 h of the main body part 3. The inoculum of mushroom M is inoculated into the part (for example, the part located in the vicinity of the opening 3h of the main body part 3). A support can be obtained by culturing the incubator 2 inoculated with the inoculum by standing or the like under a predetermined condition (specifically, under the condition of inoculating the mushroom M).

Here, the mycelium grows in the main body 3 while invading into the mesh-like voids 4h of the base material 4, but in the mesh-like voids 4h inside the base material 4 of the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of the present embodiment. Has a liquid medium 5 containing nutrients required for mycelial growth. Moreover, the base material 4 has a structure capable of supplying air into the internal mesh-like gap 4h (that is, a structure having air permeability).
For this reason, since it can be in the situation where the grown mycelia can always take in a nutrient source and air, growth of mycelia can be promoted more. Then, the mycelium can be grown almost without spreading in the main body 3 (in other words, the mycelia are wound on the entire base material 4 accommodated in the main body 3).
Then, since a fruit body can be grown from the mycelium which spread substantially uniformly on the base material 4 in the main-body part 3, the mushroom M of a homogeneous state can be cultivated.

  Moreover, since the liquid medium 5 is a liquid, it is used not only in the case of having an internal volume of a laboratory level (for example, the internal volume is about several ml to several tens of ml) but also in the large-scale cultivation of mushroom M. Even when it has such a large internal volume (for example, the internal volume is about 1000 ml), the nutrient source can be uniformly supplied into the main body 3. Therefore, if the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment is used, a homogeneous mushroom can be produced even if large-scale cultivation is performed.

  And in the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment, since the base material 4 is used instead of sawdust used for supporting the mushroom M as a general fungal bed material, the fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms in recent years. Insufficient supply of timber or the like as a raw material for the fungus bed, and waste bed after harvesting mushrooms can be solved.

  Furthermore, since the mesh-shaped gap 4 h in the main body 3 of the incubator 2 is formed by the base material 4 accommodated in the main body 3, the base material 4 can be separated from the main body 3. For this reason, if the dirt (for example, mycelium after harvesting the mushroom M) in the mesh-like void 4h inside the base material 4 is removed by washing only the separated base material 4, the base material 4 Can be reused. Then, in general fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, it is possible to suppress the generation of waste such as waste fungus beds generated after harvesting mushrooms.

(Detailed description of the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment)
The mushroom cultivation kit 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1, the mushroom cultivation kit 1 of the present embodiment includes the incubator 2 and the liquid medium 5 accommodated in the incubator 2 as described above. The incubator 2 has a storage space inside, a main body 3 in which an opening 3h having an opening communicating the storage space and the outside is formed, and a base housed in the storage space of the main body 3 The material 4 is provided.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the main body 3 of the incubator 2 of the mushroom cultivation kit 1 has a cylindrical shape having a circular bottom formed from a plastic resin material such as polyvinyl chloride. An opening 3h having a diameter slightly smaller than the bottom diameter is formed at the top of the member. And in this main-body part 3, the sponge-like base material 4 formed in the rectangle (for example, block type) is accommodated. This sponge-like substrate 4 has a mesh-like gap 4 h inside, and is formed so that its volume is slightly larger than the internal volume in the accommodation space of the main body 3.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), since the base material 4 has a very high degree of freedom in shape, if the base material 4 is accommodated in the main body part 3, the inner wall of the main body part 3 and the base material 4 The entire outer surface is almost in contact. In other words, the inside of the main body 3 is in a state where it is filled with the base material 4 up to the vicinity of the opening 3h. In other words, the accommodation space of the main body 3 is in a state in which a mesh-like gap 4 h is formed inside the base material 4.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), a liquid medium 5 is accommodated in the main body 3. The amount of the liquid medium 5 supplied is adjusted so that air is supplied into the gap 4 h inside the base material 4 while uniformly infiltrating the liquid medium 5 into the base material 4.

  For example, if the internal volume of the main body 3 is about 25 ml and the main body 3 is filled with a base material 4 (for example, a sponge-like member), a liquid medium 5 of about 7.5 ml is used. Supply. Then, while the liquid medium 5 is infiltrated almost uniformly into the base material 4 accommodated in the main body 3, air can exist in the gap 4 h. That is, even when the liquid culture medium 5 penetrates into the base material 4, the function of supplying air into the base material 4 (in other words, air permeability) and the liquid culture medium 5 are mixed in a balanced manner. It can be adjusted as follows.

  Then, if the inoculum of the mushroom M is inoculated and the mycelium is cultured, the liquid medium 5 containing the nutrient source necessary for the growth is present in the void 4h inside the base material 4 into which the mycelium has entered. Growth can be promoted. Moreover, since the air permeability is maintained inside the base material 4, air can be supplied to the grown mycelium. Then, healthy hyphae can be grown so that the hyphae spread throughout the main body 3 (that is, the entire base material 4). Moreover, since the growth can be prevented from being inhibited due to the inability of the mycelium to contact with air, the fruiting body (that is, the mushroom M) generated from the mycelium can be cultivated in a healthy manner.

Next, the liquid medium 5 will be described in detail.
The liquid medium 5 is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid containing a nutrient source necessary for the growth of the mushroom M as described above. That is, the component composition of the liquid medium 5 may include components necessary for growing the mycelium of mushroom M, forming a fruit body from the grown mycelium, and growing the formed fruit body. Specifically, those containing proteins, minerals, sugars, and the like that are necessary for the growth of mushrooms can be adopted as the component composition of the liquid medium 5.

  The liquid medium 5 preferably contains a rice bran extract (hereinafter simply referred to as a rice bran extract). In particular, rice bran hot water extract is preferable as a liquid medium used for cultivation of enokitake.

Thus, the present inventors have found for the first time that the rice mushroom extract has a function of growing mushrooms M, and that the inoculated mushroom M hyphae contain components that grow and grow to form fruit bodies. It has been done.
In addition, when the rice medium extract is not included in the liquid medium 5 containing the rice powder extract, the rice medium extract is included when the liquid medium 5 contains the rice powder extract. It has also been found for the first time that the yield of mushroom M (especially the yield of enokitake) can be increased as compared to the case where it is not.

  Although the method for preparing this rice bran extract is not particularly limited, for example, a method of extracting rice bran using hot water (hereinafter simply referred to as hot water extraction method) can be employed. Adopting the hot water extraction method is preferable because the extraction solution containing the rice bran extract can be used as it is in the liquid medium 5. The hot water extraction method is not particularly limited as long as it can extract rice bran extract from rice bran using hot water. For example, an autoclave or a Soxhlet extractor is used. be able to. When an autoclave is used for the hot water extraction method, rice bran can be treated under high temperature and high pressure, so that the extraction operation can be performed in a short time.

  In addition, it cannot be overemphasized that the liquid culture medium 5 may contain extracts other than rice bran, for example, you may contain the extract of sawdust. Extract of sawdust (hereinafter, simply referred to as sawdust extract) is extracted from sawdust by adopting the same hot water extraction method as that used to prepare rice extract. Can do.

In addition, when the liquid medium 5 contains a rice bran extract and sawdust extract, the mixing ratio is not particularly limited. For example, when enokitake or oyster mushrooms are cultivated, it is preferable that the rice bran extract and the sawdust extract are mixed so that the volume ratio is 1: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably 1 by volume. : Mix to 3
Even when the volume ratio is 1: 5 or 1: 2, the yield is slightly less than that when the volume ratio is 1: 3, but enokitake and oyster mushrooms can be grown sufficiently.

(Other examples of the base material 4)
In the above example, the case where one block-type sponge-like member as shown in FIG. 2A is used as the base material 4 accommodated in the main body 3 has been described. However, the base material 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a member that can form a mesh-like gap 4 h in the main body portion 3 by the base material 4 in a state of being accommodated in the main body portion 3.
For example, as the base material 4, a sponge member formed in a plurality of dice shapes can be employed. Specifically, a base material 4 can be obtained by accommodating a sponge having a mesh-like void 4 h inside and cut into a plurality of arbitrary sizes in the main body 3. In this case, since each piece which comprises the base material 4 becomes small, handling of the base material 4 becomes easy. Then, workability | operativity, such as the accommodation operation | work for accommodating the base material 4 in the main-body part 3, and the washing | cleaning operation | work of the base material 4 performed after the harvest of the mushroom M, can be improved.

  In addition, if a sponge is used as the base material 4, it can be cut into an arbitrary size, so that the gap 4 h having different cross-sectional areas can be formed in the main body 3 of the incubator 2 in a complicated manner. it can. In other words, since the mesh-like gap 4h inside the sponge and the gap 4h formed between adjacent sponges can be formed in the main body part 3, the air permeability in the main body part 3 of the incubator 2 is further improved. Can be made. Then, the productivity of the mushroom M can be further improved.

  Moreover, if the base material 4 is a member which can form the mesh-shaped space | gap 4h in the main-body part 3 with the base material 4, glass beads and sand other than the above sponge-like members should be used. Can do. For example, glass beads or sea sand having a particle size of about 300 μm to 1400 μm can be used. If glass beads or sea sand having such a particle size is accommodated in the main body 3 of the incubator 2, a mesh-like gap 4h can be formed between the adjacent glass beads or sea sand in the main body 3. The same effects as those obtained when a sponge-like member is employed as the substrate 4 are obtained.

In particular, when glass beads are employed as the substrate 4, the particle size is preferably about 300 μm to 1400 μm, more preferably 400 μm to 900 μm.
Further, when sea sand is employed as the base material 4, the particle diameter is preferably about 300 μm to 1400 μm, more preferably 400 μm to 900 μm, as in the case of employing glass beads.

  In the above example, the case where the liquid medium 5 is accommodated in the main body 3 in the state where the base 4 is accommodated in the main body 3 has been described. However, the base 4 and the liquid medium 5 are included in the main body 3. It goes without saying that the order of accommodation is not particularly limited. For example, the base material 4 may be stored in a state where the liquid medium 5 is stored in the main body 3, or the base material 4 in a state where the liquid medium 5 is impregnated may be stored in the main body 3.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

  Below, it was confirmed that mushrooms can be cultivated by using the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention and its effectiveness.

The mushrooms used in the experiments were enokitake (Tamakaritake, Enokitake, Flammulina Velutipes, FV1) and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus, Pleurotus, Pleurotus osteoreas, AM1).
The enokitake mushroom and the oyster mushroom used were laboratory-preserved strains that were preserved in the Department of Microbiology Utilization, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University (saved using subculture and cryopreservation methods).
The reason why enokitake was used as a mushroom is because it is an extremely important edible mushroom with the highest production in Japan.

  The incubator used in the experiment was a glass vial (manufactured by Nidec Rika Glass Co., Ltd., internal volume 19 ml) (in FIG. 3, (A), (B) or (C)), deep petri dish (manufactured by PYREX, contents) 250 ml) ((C) in FIG. 3), etc. were used.

  The cultivation conditions are the same as those for normal fungus bed cultivation (for example, when cultivating enokitake mushrooms, the temperature is 23 ° C. in the culture process for culturing mycelium, the temperature is 15 ° C. and the humidity is 90% in the growth process for growing fruit bodies). did.

In the experiment, the liquid extracted from the raw material of the fungus bed used for common mushroom fungus cultivation was used.
Specifically, an extract was prepared from sawdust used as a main raw material for fungus beds for fungus bed cultivation and rice bran added as a nutrient, and a liquid medium containing such an extract was used.
In the experiment, a liquid obtained by mixing rice bran hot water extract and sawdust hot water extract prepared by the following method was used as the liquid medium.

(Nuka Nuka hot water extract)
The hot water extract of rice bran was charged with 30 g of rice bran in a beaker or the like, 500 ml of pure water was added thereto, and the beaker was treated with an autoclave (121 ° C., 10 minutes). And the contents were collect | recovered from the inside of the beaker after an autoclave process, the solid part and the liquid part were isolate | separated from this collect | recovered material, and the crude extract of the liquid part was obtained. A draining bag (manufactured by DCM Holdings Co., Ltd., non-woven draining bag) was used to separate the solid part and the liquid part in the recovered material. The obtained crude extract was transferred to a plurality of plastic tubes (volume: 50 ml), and then centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes with a centrifuge (manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., model number: CFRXII). The supernatant liquid containing the hot water extract of rice bran from which the solid residue has been removed by collecting the supernatant liquid containing the hot water extract of rice bran from the plastic tube after centrifugation (hereinafter referred to as rice bran hot water extraction) Liquid).

(Oga powder hot water extract)
The hot water extract of sawdust is treated with the same treatment as the hot water extract of rice bran to remove the solid residue, and the supernatant liquid containing the hot water extract of sawdust (hereinafter, sawdust hot water extract) ) Was recovered.

  A mixture of the rice bran hot water extract and the sawdust hot water extract collected by the above-described method so as to have a volume ratio of 1: 1 (v / v) was used as the liquid medium.

  First, it was confirmed whether or not mushrooms could be cultivated using only the liquid medium.

In a state where only the liquid medium was accommodated in the vial, inoculum of Enokitake was inoculated and cultured under predetermined conditions.
As a result, the mycelium grew to some extent, but the subsequent growth stopped. The reason for this is that when the mycelium is inoculated by inoculating mushroom seeds in the liquid medium, the mycelium in the midst of growth sinks into the liquid medium and cannot contact the air, so the mycelium grows remarkably. It was thought that this was caused by inhibition.
Therefore, in mushroom cultivation of a liquid culture system, it has been confirmed that a support having a function of supporting the mycelium with the growth of the mycelium is necessary.

Next, since it was confirmed that a support was necessary in liquid culture mushroom cultivation, it was confirmed what member would function as a support.
In addition, a support body is corresponded to the base material accommodated in the main-body part of the mushroom cultivation kit of this invention.

In the experiment, the case where sawdust and rice bran, which are generally used as raw materials for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, was used as a support, respectively, was evaluated.
In addition, the average particle diameter of general sawdust is about 1 to several mm, and the average particle diameter of general rice bran is about 100 μm.

  In the experiment, water was added to the vial instead of the liquid medium in a state where the sawdust and rice bran were separately contained in the vial.

As a result, when only sawdust was used, the yield of enokitake was almost zero. The reason for this is that enokitake, which is used for general consumption, decomposes sawdust and grows from the decomposed sawdust. It was speculated that it was not possible to obtain the necessary nutrient source.

On the other hand, when only rice bran was used, the formation of fruit bodies of enokitake was confirmed. However, the yield was significantly lower than when enokitake was cultivated using a common fungus bed (that is, a fungus bed containing sawdust and rice bran).
The reason for this is considered to be that there is almost no gap between the granular bodies constituting the rice bran because the particle size of the rice bran is as described above. In other words, when only rice bran is contained in a vial and water is added, it is presumed that rice bran is in a state of being tightly packed with almost no gaps and has almost no air permeability. It was done.

  On the other hand, if only the above rice bran is contained in a vial and water is added, then if the rice bran is sufficiently stirred to have air permeability, the yield of enokitake may increase compared to the case without stirring. It could be confirmed. That is, it was confirmed that the support was preferably a member having air permeability when cultivating mushrooms.

  From the above results, it was confirmed that a member having air permeability inside was preferable as the support in a state where the support and the liquid medium were accommodated in the incubator. In other words, it has been confirmed that a member that can supply air to the inside of the support even when the liquid medium permeates is suitable.

Therefore, in the following experiment, the case where sponge, sea sand and glass beads were used as the support was evaluated. The reason why these supports are used is that it is considered that air permeability can be maintained inside even if the liquid medium permeates.
In addition, as a liquid culture medium, what mixed the rice bran hot-water extract mentioned above and sawdust hot-water extract so that it might become 1: 1 (v / v) in a volume ratio was used.

As the sponge, model number: MSC-E35 manufactured by Marusuzu was used. In addition, the shape of the sponge is about 5 mm to about 10 mm square cut type ((a) in FIG. 3), a block type according to the size of the cultivation container ((b) in FIG. 3), and a thickness of about 7 mm ( In FIG. 3, the flat plate type of (c)) was used.
Sea sand is manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., model number: 196-08175, particle size 425-850 μm (20-35 mesh), model number: 19-15955, particle size 300-600 μm (30-50 mesh), model number: 190-11405. The one having a particle diameter of 850 to 1400 μm (14 to 20 mesh) was used ((d) in FIG. 3).

  As a result, even if any member of sponge and sea sand was used as a support, the fruit body of Enokitake was confirmed. That is, it has been confirmed that the material of the support is not particularly limited as long as it is a member having air permeability inside.

In addition, in FIG. 4, the result (FIG.4 (D)) of the sea sand was shown as a typical result of the support body comprised from several particle form.
In the experiment, sea sand having a plurality of different average particle diameters was used. However, although the influence on the fruit body based on each particle diameter was not particularly confirmed, in the case of using a fruit body having a particle diameter of 425 to 850 μm (20 to 35 mesh), compared with other particle diameters. It was confirmed that it was excellent although it was slightly.

  Moreover, when sponge was employ | adopted as a support body, it confirmed about the influence which the shape has on mushroom cultivation.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, it can be confirmed that the square-cut type (A) is better in forming the fruiting body than other shapes (block type (B), flat plate type (C)). It was. The reason for this is that the square-cut mold (A) is more air-permeable due to the gap formed between the small pieces in the state of being housed in the vial as compared with other shapes. Therefore, it was speculated that the formation of fruiting bodies was promoted compared to other shapes.

  In addition, although the said result demonstrated the case where enokitake was used as a mushroom, the case where oyster mushroom was used also formed the fruit body of oyster mushroom in the same manner as when using enokitake (for example, the same as the result of FIG. 4). I can confirm that I can do it.

Further, in the case of using sponge and sea sand as the support, the fruiting body was collected after the fruiting body grew to some extent. After collecting fruit bodies, the sponge and sea sand were taken out from the incubator, respectively, and the mycelium present in the sponge and sea sand was washed away. And even if it was a case where this wash | cleaned sponge and sea sand were used again as a support body, it has confirmed that there existed the same effect as the case mentioned above.
Therefore, it was confirmed that the substrate can be reused a plurality of times by using a material that is not decomposed by mushrooms.

  From the above results, it is confirmed that the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention can cultivate mushrooms only by including an incubator having an accommodating space inside, a support and a liquid medium accommodated in the accommodating space. did it.

  Next, when enokitake was used as a mushroom, the effect of the component composition in the liquid medium was confirmed.

  The liquid medium used in the experiment was a mixture of the rice bran hot water extract prepared in Example 1 and the sawdust hot water extract in a predetermined ratio.

As the incubator, the vial shown in Example 1 was used.
Further, as the support, the square-cut sponge shown in Example 1 was used.
Furthermore, other conditions required for other enokitake mushroom cultivation conditions use the same conditions as in Example 1, and the description thereof is omitted in this example.

  In the experiment, sawdust hot water extract and rice bran hot water extract were mixed at a volume ratio of 0: 1, 1: 5, 1: 3, 1: 2, 1: 1.5, 1: 1, 1: Each liquid medium was prepared by mixing at 0.5 and 1: 0.1 (v / v).

The results are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the highest fruit body yield is obtained in the liquid medium in which the sawdust hot water extract and the rice bran hot water extract are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 3 (v / v). It was confirmed that Specifically, as a component composition of the liquid medium, when the sawdust hot water extract and the rice bran hot water extract are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 3 (v / v), the fruit body yield is It was confirmed that the powdered hot water extract and the rice bran hot water extract were about 2.5 times as compared with the case where the volume ratio was mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v).

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, as a component composition of a liquid culture medium, a sawdust hot water extract and a rice bran hot water extract are mixed at a volume ratio of 0: 1 (v / v). Even good fruiting body formation could be confirmed.
Here, enokitake mushrooms are the mushrooms with the highest production in Japan, and the cultivation method generally uses a fungus bed made of sawdust or the like as a raw material. However, with the mass production of enokitake mushrooms in recent years, a shortage of supply of sawdust, which is a raw material for fungal beds, has become a serious problem.
However, it was confirmed that enokitake mushrooms can be cultivated in a liquid culture system that does not use sawdust at all, if the liquid medium of the above-described component composition is used as the liquid medium of the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention.

  Next, when enokitake was cultivated as a mushroom, it was confirmed how much sawdust could be reduced compared to general fungus bed cultivation, including the formation of fruit bodies.

  First, the density | concentration of the rice bran hot water extract given to the fruit body formation of an Enokitake was confirmed.

  In the experiment, the yield of enokitake mushroom was measured using a dilute solution obtained by diluting the rice bran hot water extract stepwise (stock solution, 2-fold dilution, 5-fold dilution, 10-fold dilution).

As a result, in the rice bran hot water extract diluted 5 times and 10 times, a decrease in mycelial growth rate and a decrease in fruit body yield were observed.
On the other hand, it was confirmed that with the two-fold diluted rice bran hot water extract, a mycelial growth rate and fruit body yield (5 consecutive averages: 0.5 g / vial bottle) of approximately the same level as the stock solution can be obtained.

  From the above results, the amounts of sawdust and rice bran used per unit yield of fruit bodies in fungus bed cultivation and liquid culture cultivation were calculated. And based on this calculated value, the reduction rate of sawdust and rice bran in the case where it compared with the case where general fungus bed cultivation was used was calculated.

The cultivation conditions used for the experiment are shown below.
Cultivation conditions for liquid culture cultivation: A double-diluted rice bran hot water extract that does not use sawdust is used as a liquid medium.
Cultivation condition of fungus bed cultivation as a comparison target: When only sawdust and rice bran were used as the fungus bed, the mixing ratio (oga flour and rice bran = 1: 3 (W / W)) was used as the fungus bed.

In liquid culture cultivation, 7.5 ml of the above-described rice bran hot water extract (30 g / 500 ml_water, 2-fold dilution) was used per vial.
Moreover, in fungus bed cultivation, 1 g of sawdust and 1 g of rice bran were used per vial.

  The results are shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, when enokitake was cultivated using the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention, compared to fungus bed cultivation, the amount of sawdust used per unit yield was 100%, and rice bran per unit yield It was confirmed that the amount of (rice bran) used could be reduced by about 60%.

  Next, the influence of rice bran hot water extract on enokitake cultivation was confirmed.

  In the experiment, commercially available potato dextrose liquid medium or various carbon sources / nitrogen sources / additives (promoters of mushroom fruit body generation found by the inventor from past research results (related to low molecular lignin such as veratryl alcohol) Various synthetic and semi-synthetic media prepared by combining the types and concentrations of compounds (including a plurality of compounds), vitamins, metal salts, and the like) were used.

As a result, the formation of fruit bodies of enokitake was not observed at all, or only a very low fruit body yield was obtained using any liquid medium.
Therefore, it was strongly suggested that the rice bran hot water extract may contain components necessary for enokitake mushroom fruit body formation (or significantly promoted fruit body formation).

  From the above results, it was confirmed that by using the cultivation kit of the present invention, enokitake, which is an important edible mushroom, can be cultivated in a liquid culture system without using a fungus bed.

  In addition, by using the liquid culture system constructed using the cultivation kit of the present invention, in the cultivation of enokitake (an important edible mushroom, which is currently the most productive edible mushroom in Japan), the amount of sawdust used per unit yield is reduced. It was confirmed that about 60% can be reduced in 100% and rice bran. That is, it was confirmed that the amount of sawdust used can be reduced to zero by cultivating mushrooms using the cultivation kit of the present invention. In other words, it was confirmed that the amount of waste after harvesting mushrooms could be reduced at the same level.

  Furthermore, if the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention that does not use sawdust is used at all, insufficient supply of sawdust that is a serious problem in the mushroom cultivation industry (for example, mushroom cultivation using a large artificial fungus bed) It was confirmed that there is a possibility that can be resolved.

  The above experimental results suggested that the same effect as the above results can be obtained even when the internal volume of the incubator is scaled up.

  The mushroom cultivation kit and the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention are suitable as a kit for cultivating mushrooms in the field of mushroom cultivation.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mushroom cultivation kit 2 Incubator 3 Main body part 3h Opening part 4 Base material 4h Space | gap 5 Liquid culture medium M Mushroom

Claims (6)

A cultivation kit for cultivating mushrooms,
An incubator having an opening and having a mesh-like void formed therein;
A mushroom cultivation kit, comprising: a liquid medium housed in the incubator. The incubator is
A main body having a hollow housing space inside,
A base material that can be housed in the housing space of the main body, and
The mushroom cultivation kit according to claim 1, wherein a net-like void is formed by the base material. The mushroom cultivation kit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid medium is a rice bran extract. The mushroom cultivation kit according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a sponge. A mushroom cultivation method,
A mushroom cultivation method comprising cultivating a mushroom in an incubator containing a liquid medium, having an opening, and having a mesh-like void formed therein. The incubator is
A main body having a hollow housing space inside,
A base material that can be housed in the housing space of the main body, and
A network-like void is formed by the substrate,
The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the liquid medium is a rice bran extract.