JP2015025543A - Base isolation slide bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a base isolation slide bearing which improves the insulation quality between an upper structure and a lower structure thereby improving the base isolation performance.SOLUTION: A base isolation slide bearing 1 disposed between a building 3 and a basement 2 includes: a first slide part 4 fixed to a lower surface 3a of the building 3; a second slide part 5 which is fixed to the basement 2 and slides on a slide surface 4a of the first slide part 4; and first to fourth ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d which apply ultrasonic vibrations to the slide surface 4a.

Description

  The present invention relates to a seismic isolation sliding bearing that is interposed between an upper structure and a lower structure and suppresses a vibration transmitted from the lower structure to the upper structure.

  Seismic isolation structures are widely used as a means of improving safety in buildings by suppressing the shaking of buildings when an earthquake occurs. As one of the seismic isolation structures, seismic isolation sliding bearings are known, and the use of the seismic isolation sliding bearings has recently been expanded as a structure that can enhance the insulation effect between the ground and the building. The seismic isolation sliding bearing has a structure in which the sliding material provided on either the ground or the building slides on the sliding plate provided on the other, and the friction coefficient of the sliding surface in the sliding plate is 0.01-0. .1 or so.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-242382 is known as a technique related to seismic isolation sliding bearings. This publication discloses a seismic isolation structure in which a laminated rubber bearing and a sliding bearing are arranged at the bottom of the structure. The sliding bearing is fixed to the bottom surface of the structure and the top surface of the foundation. It is comprised by the made metal plate. The metal plate on the base side is in contact with the metal plate on the structure side through molybdenum disulfide, and is arranged to slide in the horizontal direction with respect to the metal plate on the structure side. The molybdenum disulfide functions as an anti-sticking agent that prevents the base-side metal plate and the structure-side metal plate from sticking to each other.

JP 9-242382 A

  By the way, in order to enhance the insulation effect between the upper structure and the lower structure and to sufficiently exhibit the seismic isolation performance, it is preferable to make the friction coefficient of the above-described sliding surface smaller than 0.01. Further, as described above, by using a sliding bearing and a laminated rubber bearing in combination, it is possible to lengthen the natural period of the structure at the time of the occurrence of the earthquake and reduce the energy of the earthquake imparted to the structure. . However, in the sliding bearing, the frictional force acting between the metal plate on the foundation side and the metal plate on the structure side is not yet sufficiently reduced. Therefore, there is room for improvement in insulation between the upper structure and the lower structure, and it is required to further improve the seismic isolation performance.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a seismic isolation sliding bearing with improved seismic isolation performance by enhancing the insulation between the upper structure and the lower structure.

  The seismic isolation sliding bearing according to the present invention is a first sliding portion fixed to either the upper structure or the lower structure in the seismic isolation sliding bearing of the building interposed between the upper structure and the lower structure. And a second sliding portion fixed on the other of the upper structure and the lower structure and sliding on the sliding surface of the first sliding portion, and an ultrasonic transducer for applying ultrasonic vibration to the sliding surface. ing.

  When ultrasonic vibration is applied to the sliding surface in a state where the second sliding portion is in contact with the sliding surface of the first sliding portion, a squeeze effect is exhibited. The squeeze effect is a phenomenon in which the pressure of a minute gap formed between two surfaces is increased by applying ultrasonic vibration between the two facing surfaces. Due to this squeeze effect, the pressure in the gap formed slightly between the first sliding portion and the second sliding portion increases, so that the friction coefficient of the sliding surface is reduced. Here, as a method of reducing the friction coefficient of the sliding surface, it can be considered to generate a magnetic levitation force between the first sliding portion and the second sliding portion, but the superstructure constituting the building is very Since it is heavy, the energy required to generate the magnetic levitation force is high. On the other hand, in the present invention, only the pressure in the gap between the first sliding portion and the second sliding portion is increased by the squeeze effect, which is necessary as compared with the case where the magnetic levitation force is used. It becomes possible to suppress energy. Further, by reducing the friction coefficient of the sliding surface, it becomes difficult for the upper structure to follow the shaking of the lower structure, and the insulation of the upper structure with respect to the lower structure is enhanced. Therefore, even if the lower structure shakes violently due to an earthquake, the response acceleration of the shake in the upper structure can be reduced, so that the seismic isolation performance can be further improved.

Further, the ultrasonic transducer fixed to the side surface of the second sliding portion is installed in the vicinity of the sliding surface.
When the ultrasonic vibrator is installed in the vicinity of the sliding surface, the ultrasonic vibration can be applied to the sliding surface without being attenuated. Therefore, if the necessary minimum electric power is supplied to the ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibration can be sufficiently applied to the sliding surface, so that the electric power supplied to the ultrasonic vibrator can be reduced. Further, the ultrasonic transducer fixed to the side surface of the second sliding portion can be attached later to an existing seismic isolation sliding bearing.

Further, the second sliding portion is fixed to the upper structure or the lower structure via a rubber portion, and the ultrasonic vibrator is installed between the second sliding portion and the rubber portion.
When the lower structure is shaken by an earthquake, the vibration energy transmitted to the upper structure is reduced by absorbing the vibration by the rubber part, and a high seismic isolation effect is exhibited. Further, when an ultrasonic vibrator is installed between the rubber portion and the second sliding portion, ultrasonic vibration can be uniformly applied to the sliding surface via the second sliding portion that moves on the sliding surface. it can.

Further, the second sliding portion is fixed to the upper structure or the lower structure via a rubber portion, and the rubber portion is sandwiched from above and below by the ultrasonic vibrator.
In such a configuration, since ultrasonic vibration is applied to the sliding surface via the second sliding portion, attenuation of ultrasonic vibration applied to the sliding surface can be suppressed. Further, by adopting a structure in which the rubber portion is sandwiched between a plurality of ultrasonic transducers, the power supplied to each ultrasonic transducer can be reduced.

In addition, a vibration power generation unit that converts vibration into electric power is provided, and the ultrasonic vibrator operates by receiving electric power from the vibration power generation unit.
By providing the vibration power generation means, the vibration is converted into electric power, and the ultrasonic vibrator operates upon receiving the converted electric power. Therefore, the ultrasonic vibrator can be operated at an appropriate timing when an earthquake occurs. Moreover, since the electric power obtained from the earthquake is supplied to the ultrasonic vibrator by the vibration power generation means, it is unnecessary to supply electric power from an external power source, which contributes to energy saving. Furthermore, when an earthquake occurs, the power infrastructure may become unusable due to the earthquake. However, in the present invention, it is not necessary to supply power from an external power source, so that the ultrasonic vibrator can be operated even if the power infrastructure cannot be used. Become.

In addition, a vibration sensor that detects vibration is provided, and the ultrasonic transducer operates when the vibration sensor detects vibration.
As described above, since the ultrasonic vibrator operates when the vibration sensor detects vibration, the ultrasonic vibrator can be operated at an appropriate timing. In addition, it is possible to prevent the ultrasonic vibrator from operating except during an earthquake, which contributes to energy saving.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, seismic isolation performance can be improved by improving the insulation between an upper structure and a lower structure.

It is sectional drawing which shows 1st Embodiment of the seismic isolation sliding bearing which concerns on this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the height of a building, and the response acceleration of a shake. It is sectional drawing which shows 2nd Embodiment of the seismic isolation sliding bearing which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a seismic isolation sliding bearing according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 1, the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 is provided between a foundation (lower structure) 2 constructed on the ground and a reinforced concrete building (upper structure) 3 located above the foundation 2. This is a seismic isolation structure interposed in the space S, and supports the building 3 on the foundation 2. Although one seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 is shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of seismic isolation sliding supports 1 arranged in a matrix form actually support the building 3. The seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 is arranged directly under each pillar constituting the building 3. The seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 includes a columnar first sliding portion 4 fixed to the lower surface 3 a of the building 3 and a columnar second sliding fixed to the foundation 2 via a laminated rubber (rubber portion) 6. Part 5 and first to fourth ultrasonic transducers 7 a to 7 d that apply ultrasonic vibration to the sliding surface 4 a of the first sliding part 4.

  The base 2 is formed with a protrusion 2A for installing the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1. A cylindrical laminated rubber 6 is fixed to the upper part of the protrusion 2A, and the laminated rubber 6 is sandwiched between the third and fourth ultrasonic vibrators 7c and 7d from above and below. A second sliding portion 5 is fixed to the upper portion of the laminated rubber 6 via an ultrasonic transducer 7c, and the second ultrasonic transducer 7b is located near the upper end of the side surface 5a of the second sliding portion 5. Is fixed. The first sliding portion 4 is placed on the second sliding portion 5, and the building 3 is formed by the second sliding portion 5 sliding in the horizontal direction with respect to the first sliding portion 4. On the other hand, the foundation 2 can be relatively moved in the horizontal direction. A first ultrasonic transducer 7 a is fixed to the edge of the sliding surface 4 a in the first sliding portion 4. The first and second sliding portions 4 and 5 are made of a low friction material such as Teflon (registered trademark).

  Each of the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d has an electrode and a piezoelectric body, and converts the electrical signal supplied from the power supply unit 8 into mechanical ultrasonic vibration and outputs it. By the way, since the weight of the building 3 is very large, in order to apply effective ultrasonic vibration to the sliding surface 4a while supporting the building 3, considerable power must be supplied to the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d. Therefore, when the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration output from the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d is made substantially the same as the natural frequency of the laminated rubber 6, effective ultrasonic vibration is given to the sliding surface 4a and the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d. It becomes possible to suppress the electric power supplied to.

  The power supply unit 8 is connected to each of the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d via the signal line L1, and outputs the electrical signals to the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d, thereby causing the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d to pass through. The ultrasonic vibration is output to the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d. The power supply unit 8 includes a vibration sensor 8a, and the vibration sensor 8a detects the vibration of the foundation 2 in the horizontal direction. When the vibration sensor 8a detects the vibration of the foundation 2, electric signals are output from the power supply unit 8 to the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d. At this timing, the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d are ultrasonically applied to the sliding surface 4a. Output vibration.

  Next, the operation of the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 when the foundation 2 is shaken by an earthquake will be described. First, for vertical shaking on the foundation 2, the laminated rubber 6 expands and contracts up and down to absorb the shaking and reduce the earthquake energy transmitted to the building 3. Further, for horizontal shaking in the foundation 2, the vibration sensor 8a detects the vibration of the foundation 2 and the power supply unit 8 supplies power to the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d. Ultrasonic vibration is applied to the sliding surface 4a from ˜7d. The frictional force acting between the first sliding portion 4 and the second sliding portion 5 is reduced by generating a squeeze effect on the sliding surface 4a by this ultrasonic vibration. The part 5 will reciprocate in the horizontal direction on the sliding surface 4a.

  As described above, in the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1, when ultrasonic vibration is applied to the sliding surface 4 a by the ultrasonic transducers 7 a to 7 d, the squeeze effect causes a gap between the first sliding portion 4 and the second sliding portion 5. Since the pressure in the gap formed slightly increases, the friction coefficient of the sliding surface 4a is reduced. In addition, if magnetic levitation force is used to reduce the friction coefficient, enormous energy is required. However, in the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1, only the pressure in the gap is increased by the squeeze effect. Compared with the case where 4 is magnetically levitated, the required energy can be suppressed. Furthermore, in the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1, by reducing the friction coefficient of the sliding surface 4a, it is difficult for the building 3 to follow the shaking of the foundation 2, and the insulation of the building 3 with respect to the foundation 2 is enhanced. Therefore, even if the foundation 2 shakes violently due to an earthquake, the response acceleration of the shake in the building 3 can be reduced.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the height of the lower surface 3a of the building 3 with respect to the upper surface 2a of the foundation 2 is H, the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 having ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d is used. The relationship between the vibration response acceleration and the height is R1, and the relationship between the vibration response acceleration and the height of the building when the conventional seismic isolation bearing without the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d is used is R2. . As shown in the graph of FIG. 2, the response acceleration A at the height H when the base-isolation sliding bearing 1 is used is the response acceleration B at the height H when the conventional base-isolation sliding bearing is used. Less than half.

  In the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1, the friction coefficient μ of the sliding surface 4a can be reduced to about 0.005 by the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d. Here, since the friction coefficient μ of the sliding surface in the conventional seismic isolation sliding bearing is about 0.015 at a minimum, for example, as shown in Table 1 below, the response acceleration of the shaking should be about half of the conventional one. Is possible.

  In addition, Notification A to Notification E in Table 1 indicate types of notification waves. A notification wave is a seismic wave that conforms to the acceleration response spectrum in the announced release engineering base, taking into account the amplification of the surface ground, and the seismic wave data created using the phase data obtained from past earthquakes. Show. The notification waves in Notification A to Notification E are assumed to be a large earthquake, and the acceleration of each notification wave is approximately 500 Gal. In addition, the response acceleration (about 30 Gal) when the friction coefficient μ in Table 1 is 0.005 is almost the same as the acceleration in an earthquake with a seismic intensity of about 3 to 4, and the response acceleration is remarkably increased even if a large earthquake occurs. It can be seen that it can be reduced.

（応答加速度、単位はＧａｌ）

(Response acceleration, unit is Gal)

  As described above, since the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 can significantly reduce the response acceleration of shaking in the building 3, the seismic isolation performance is greatly improved and the influence on the occupants of the building can be reduced as much as possible. .

  Further, since the ultrasonic transducer 7b fixed to the side surface 5a of the second sliding portion 5 is installed in the vicinity of the sliding surface 4a, the ultrasonic vibration can be applied to the sliding surface 4a without being attenuated. . Therefore, if the necessary minimum power is supplied to the ultrasonic transducer 7b, the ultrasonic vibration can be sufficiently applied to the sliding surface 4a, so that the power supplied to the ultrasonic transducer 7b can be reduced. . Further, the ultrasonic transducer 7b fixed to the side surface 5a of the second sliding portion 5 can be attached later to an existing seismic isolation sliding bearing.

  The second sliding portion 5 is fixed to the base 2 via a laminated rubber 6, and the ultrasonic vibrator 7 c is installed between the second sliding portion 5 and the laminated rubber 6. Therefore, when the foundation 2 shakes due to an earthquake, the laminated rubber 6 absorbs the shake, so that the vibration energy transmitted to the building 3 is reduced and a high seismic isolation effect is obtained. Furthermore, since the ultrasonic vibrator 7c is installed between the laminated rubber 6 and the second sliding part 5, the ultrasonic vibrations are evenly slipped through the second sliding part 5 moving on the sliding surface 4a. It can be given to the surface 4a.

  The laminated rubber 6 is sandwiched between the third and fourth ultrasonic transducers 7c and 7d from above and below. Accordingly, since ultrasonic vibration is applied to the sliding surface 4a via the second sliding portion 5, attenuation of ultrasonic vibration applied to the sliding surface 4a can be suppressed. Furthermore, by adopting a structure in which the laminated rubber 6 is sandwiched between the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 7c and 7d, the power supplied to each ultrasonic transducer 7c and 7d can be reduced.

  Moreover, in the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1, since the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d are operated when the vibration sensor 8a detects vibration, the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d can be operated at an appropriate timing. Furthermore, since it becomes possible to prevent the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d from operating except when an earthquake occurs, it contributes to energy saving.

(Second Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 3, the seismic isolation sliding bearing 11 of the second embodiment is different from the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 of the first embodiment in that instead of the power supply unit 8, the vibration power generation means 12 and the power supply controller are used. This is only the point using 13. In the following, description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted.

  In the seismic isolation sliding bearing 11, the foundation 2 and the building 3 are connected via the vibration power generation means 12. The vibration power generation means 12 is fixed to the upper surface 2a of the foundation 2 and has a first bracket 12B having a right triangle shape in side view, and a second bracket 12C being fixed to the lower surface 3a of the building 3 and having a right triangle shape in side view. And an electromagnetic damper 12A extending in a substantially horizontal direction between the first and second brackets 12B and 12C.

  The electromagnetic damper 12A is connected to the power supply controller 13 via the signal line L2. The electromagnetic damper 12A includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a coil fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder, and a permanent magnet fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder. In the electromagnetic damper 12 </ b> A, the permanent magnet moves with respect to the coil by the piston movement of the inner cylinder in the outer cylinder, and a current is generated by changing the magnetic flux of the coil. Further, the electromagnetic damper 12A generates a damping force proportional to the generated current. The electromagnetic damper 12A generates electric power proportional to the speed of the piston movement, and the period of the piston movement and the electric power generated by the electromagnetic damper 12A are substantially the same. Thus, the electromagnetic damper 12A functions as a generator when an earthquake occurs, and the electric power generated by the electromagnetic damper 12A is output to the power supply controller 13 through the signal line L2.

  The power supply controller 13 is connected to each of the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d via the signal line L3. The power supply controller 13 modulates the frequency of the electric power input from the electromagnetic damper 12A, and the modulated electric signal is supplied to the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d via the signal line L3. Thus, an ultrasonic signal is output to the sliding surface 4a by supplying an electrical signal to the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d.

  As described above, since the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the sliding surface 4a by the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d, the seismic isolation sliding bearing 11 has the same effect as the first embodiment. Moreover, in the seismic isolation sliding bearing 11, since the vibration power generation means 12 is provided, the vibration is converted into electric power, and the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d are operated by receiving the converted electric power. Thus, the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d can be operated.

  Moreover, since the electric power obtained from the earthquake is supplied to the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d by the vibration power generation means 12, it is unnecessary to supply electric power from an external power source, which contributes to energy saving. Furthermore, when an earthquake occurs, the power infrastructure may become unusable due to the earthquake. However, since the seismic isolation sliding bearing 11 does not require power supply from an external power source, the ultrasonic vibrators 7a to 7d are installed even if the power infrastructure cannot be used. It can be activated.

  Further, the seismic isolation sliding bearing 11 employs an electromagnetic damper 12A, and the electromagnetic damper 12A generates electricity by a piston motion caused by the earthquake. Therefore, it is possible to perform power generation according to the seismic wave, which contributes to energy saving. Furthermore, since the electromagnetic damper 12A generates a damping force proportional to the current generated by the piston motion, the seismic energy transmitted to the building 3 can be further reduced by this damping force.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications as described below are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, although the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d are provided in the above-described embodiment, the number and arrangement of the ultrasonic transducers are not limited to the above, and for example, only one of the ultrasonic transducers 7a to 7d is provided. It may be.

  Moreover, the material of the 1st and 2nd sliding parts 4 and 5 can be suitably changed according to the seismic isolation performance calculated | required by the building 3. FIG. Further, the first and second sliding portions 4 and 5 themselves may not be made of a low friction material, but the contact surfaces of the first sliding portion 4 and the second sliding portion 5 may be mirror-finished. .

  In addition, the first sliding portion 4 is fixed to the lower surface 3a of the building 3 and the second sliding portion 5 is fixed to the foundation 2 via the laminated rubber 6, but the first sliding portion 4 and the first sliding portion 4 are The vertical position of the two sliding portions 5 may be reversed. Furthermore, although the first and second sliding portions 4 and 5 and the laminated rubber 6 are cylindrical, other shapes such as a prismatic shape may be used.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the laminated rubber 6 was used as a seismic isolation rubber which absorbs the shaking of the foundation 2, rubbers other than laminated rubber can also be used as a seismic isolation rubber.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 7a-7d act | operated with the electric power from the electric power supply part 8 which has the vibration sensor 8a, you may actuate ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 7a-7d with an external power supply. . Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the electromagnetic damper 12A is used as the vibration power generation means. However, any device other than the electromagnetic damper can be used as long as it is an energy conversion device that can convert vibration energy into electric power energy.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the several seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 was arrange | positioned so that it might become a matrix form, the arrangement | positioning method of the seismic isolation sliding bearing 1 is not limited to this, For example, it exempts in the middle floor of the building 3. A tremor slide support may be provided. Furthermore, the seismic isolation sliding bearing according to the present invention can be applied to seismic isolation sliding bearings that do not have laminated rubber, or seismic isolation sliding bearings used in bridge structures and railway structures.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,11 ... Seismic isolation sliding bearing, 2 ... Foundation, 3 ... Building (superstructure), 4a ... Sliding surface, 4 ... 1st sliding part, 5 ... 2nd sliding part, 6 ... Laminated rubber (rubber part) ), 7a to 7d ... ultrasonic transducer, 8 ... power supply unit, 8a ... vibration sensor, 12 ... vibration power generation means, 12A ... electromagnetic damper, 13 ... power supply controller.

Claims (6)

In the seismic isolation sliding bearing of the building interposed between the superstructure and the substructure,
A first sliding portion fixed to one of the upper structure and the lower structure;
A second sliding part fixed to the other of the upper structure and the lower structure and sliding on the sliding surface of the first sliding part;
An ultrasonic vibrator for applying ultrasonic vibration to the sliding surface;
Seismic isolation sliding bearing characterized by having   The seismic isolation sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer fixed to a side surface of the second sliding portion is installed in the vicinity of the sliding surface. The second sliding part is fixed to the upper structure or the lower structure via a rubber part,
The seismic isolation sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator is installed between the second sliding portion and the rubber portion. The second sliding part is fixed to the upper structure or the lower structure via a rubber part,
The seismic isolation sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein the rubber portion is sandwiched between the ultrasonic transducers from above and below. A vibration power generation means for converting vibration into electric power,
The seismic isolation sliding bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator operates upon receiving electric power from the vibration power generation means. It has a vibration sensor that detects vibration,
The seismic isolation sliding bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator operates when the vibration sensor detects vibration.

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