JP2015012812A - Manufacturing method of strawberry seeds subjected to germination promoting treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide strawberry seeds subjected to germination promoting treatment, safely and at a relatively low cost.SOLUTION: The invention is related to a manufacturing method of strawberry seeds subjected to germination promoting treatment which includes a process where separation and germination treatment of the seeds are performed by touching a treatment agent containing Kojis to an etaerio.

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel method for producing strawberry seeds subjected to germination promotion treatment.

  Strawberries are known as one of typical vegetables or fruits. For example, strawberries are sold in fruit stores, supermarkets, department stores, etc., and are consumed in large quantities for home use, restaurants, industrial products, and the like. Recently, with the diversification of consumer preferences, various types of strawberries have been developed, and in order to ensure a stable supply of popular varieties. Has been broken.

  In general, in strawberry cultivation, a technique called vegetative breeding (runner breeding) is mainly employed. That is, a method of producing strawberries by generating a large number of strains from one strain and raising them individually is adopted. However, in the case of runner breeding, if the parent strain has pathogenic bacteria or the like, the strain derived from it is likely to be affected by the pathogenic bacteria, so strict management of the parent strain is required. In addition, the breeding of runners has the problem that the labor burden on the producer increases because the raising seedling and harvest time overlap. Therefore, in the cultivation of strawberries, the problem of disease infection in runner breeding has been solved, labor saving of cultivation has been achieved, and seed breeding that can produce uniform seedlings has been spotlighted and is being put into practical use.

  By the way, the red part of strawberries, which is usually used for food, is called fake fruit, and the flower buds are enlarged. A large number of granular materials on the surface of the floret are fruits, and seeds are contained in the fruits. The enlarged flower buds and the fruit on the surface thereof are included and are called “strawberry fruits” (hereinafter, the strawberry fruits are also referred to as “strawberry fruits” for convenience). And for the seed propagation of strawberries, the fruit on the surface of the flower bud is required, but the seeds contained in the fruit are required to germinate with high probability.

  Various methods related to the treatment of strawberries or their seeds have been proposed so far. However, as shown below, any of these methods is limited to the method of separating or removing the seeds. Not mentioned.

  For example, after pectinase is allowed to act on crushed strawberry fruit, this is heated, and the resulting solution is passed through a sieve that does not pass through strawberry seeds, and then sugar is added to the obtained strawberry fruit juice, followed by spray drying. A method for treating strawberry is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

  In addition, strawberry fruits or processed products thereof are subjected to enzyme treatment and mechanical separation treatment with an enzyme agent and a pectinase agent, which contain Endo-polygalacturonase as a main component and have a potato slice maceration activity of 300 units / g or more. A method for obtaining fruit juice and seeds from strawberry fruits has been proposed (Patent Document 2).

  Furthermore, by immersing plant seed groups in sorting water and using the difference in specific gravity of individual seeds constituting the seed groups, light non-solid seeds of a predetermined weight or less are floated on the sorting water. And a seed selection method for selecting non-full seeds and solid seeds, and a known seed selection method using gas-dissolved water in which volatile gas is dissolved in a supersaturated state is known as the sorting water. (Patent Document 3).

  On the other hand, enzymes are added to strawberry fruits (excluding those that have been crushed), residues are removed, precipitated seeds and floating seeds are selected while washing with water, the precipitated seeds are dried and germinated. There is also known a method for obtaining strawberry seeds for collecting seeds that are not washed through a sieve having an aperture of 850 μm when sorting seeds that are precipitated while washing with water and floating seeds. (Patent Document 4).

JP 51-1674 A JP 61-247361 JP2003-9611A Japanese Patent No. 4465498

  As mentioned above, although the method of Patent Document 4 mentions germination promotion treatment, strawberry pulp is dissolved using a relatively expensive enzyme, and seeds are germinated with a concentrated sulfuric acid. It consists of a two-step process, a dissolution process and a germination promotion process, which is disadvantageous in terms of production efficiency and cost.

  Moreover, the seeds obtained by the enzyme separation treatment do not germinate quickly, and germination may take one month or more, and the germination rate is not high. On the other hand, if the germination rate is to be increased, germination can be promoted by carbonizing the seed shell by treating with concentrated sulfuric acid as in Patent Document 4, but the treatment conditions with concentrated sulfuric acid are not appropriate. Due to the mutation, even if it germinates, it cannot grow normally. In addition, in the treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, depending on the variety, germination occurs before rooting, so that new shoots may fall, leading to death or necrosis. Further, the treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid may deteriorate the working environment, and also causes a problem of waste liquid treatment.

  Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide strawberry seeds that have been germinated and promoted safely and at a relatively low cost.

  As a result of intensive studies in view of the problems of the prior art, the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved by employing a specific substance as a germination promoter, and has completed the present invention.

That is, this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the strawberry seed by which the following germination promotion process was carried out.
1. A method for producing a strawberry seed subjected to germination promotion, comprising the steps of dissolving a flesh and promoting seed germination by bringing a treating agent containing moss into contact with the strawberry fruit. Method.
2. Item 2. The manufacturing method according to Item 1, wherein the step is carried out by a method comprising (1) a step of preparing a strawberry fruit subdivision and (2) a step of adding the treatment agent to the subdivision.
3. Item 3. The method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the treatment agent is a mixed solution containing moss and water.
4). Item 4. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein a nutrient conduit bound to the seed is removed by the step.
5. Item 5. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the koji is at least one of soy sauce brewing koji, shochu brewing koji, and sake brewing koji.
6). Item 6. The method according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the strawberry seed is used for mechanical sowing.
7). A germination promoting strawberry seed obtained by the production method according to any one of Items 1 to 6.

  According to the production method of the present invention, moss is used as a germination promoter, so that the pulp dissolution treatment and the germination promotion treatment can be performed at a time in one step. As a result, seeds can be provided at a relatively low cost. At the same time, the use of moss, which is a food additive, eliminates the use of chemicals such as concentrated sulfuric acid, which is safe and suitable for environmental protection.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, the nutrient conduit attached to the strawberry seed can be removed. By using the strawberry seed from which the nutrient conduit has been removed, mechanical sowing can be performed smoothly. That is, by using strawberry seeds obtained by the production method of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate seed-propagating strawberries on a large scale like a plant factory.

  The production method of the present invention is a method for producing a seed of strawberry that has been subjected to germination promotion treatment, and is a process of dissolving pulp and promoting germination of seed by bringing a treating agent containing moss into contact with the strawberry fruit ( Contact step).

  The types and varieties of strawberries to which the present invention can be applied are not limited and may be any commercially available varieties, either seasonal varieties or seasonal varieties, and also from Japan. Or it may be any foreign product. Further, the size, shape and the like of the applied strawberry fruit grain are not particularly limited.

  As for the strawberry, it is possible to use the strawberry fruit as it is, but it is preferable to use a subdivided product thereof. The method for preparing the subdivided product is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder the germination of strawberry fruit (seed). For example, any method such as a method of crushing strawberry fruits, a method of cutting strawberry fruits with a blade or the like, and a method of grinding strawberry fruits may be used. These can use well-known or commercially available processing apparatuses, such as a mixer, a kneader, and a cutter, for example. Moreover, when the strawberry fruit to be used has a stickiness or a core, it is desirable to remove them in advance to make only the strawberry fruit for simplification of the post-process.

  Furthermore, although the strawberry fruit subdivided product can be used as it is, it can be used by dispersing or dissolving the subdivided product in a liquid medium such as water prior to the contact with the treatment agent. Although the usage-amount of a liquid medium is not limited, Usually, it is preferable to set it as about 50-300 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of strawberry fruits. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a dispersion obtained by dispersing a fragment obtained by cutting a strawberry-like fruit (fruit pulp) into, for example, 2 to 20 parts (particularly 2 to 10 parts) in water. That is, by dispersing the pulp without crushing so that the viscosity of the dispersion medium (water) of the dispersion does not increase, the contact efficiency with moss can be increased, and dissolution and germination can be promoted more effectively.

  The treatment agent applied to the strawberry fruit may be any as long as it contains moss, and the moss can be applied as it is. In the present invention, in particular, a mixed liquid containing moss and water can be suitably used as the treating agent. In other words, a mixed solution obtained by diluting moss with water can be applied. The blending amount of water is not particularly limited, but it is usually preferably about 1 to 10,000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight (solid content) of moss.

  In this case, in particular, it is preferable to apply a liquid obtained by separating insoluble matters other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a mixed solution containing moss and water as a treatment agent (treatment solution). By using such a treatment agent, the post-process can proceed smoothly. The separation method is not particularly limited, and a known method such as filtration or centrifugation can be employed. For example, a filtrate obtained by mixing and stirring moss and water and filtering the obtained mixed solution can be used as a treating agent.

  As the moss, for example, any of those prepared by koji molds such as yellow koji mold, black koji mold, and white koji mold can be used. In addition, potatoes can be used as seed cultivars as they are or cultured, and brewing cocoons can also be used. These moss may be known or commercially available. By product, for example, sake used in brewing sake, soy sauce, shochu, mirin, miso, and the like can be appropriately used. That is, at least one of a soy sauce brewing koji (soy sauce koji), a shochu brewing koji (wheat koji), and a sake brewing koji (rice koji) can be suitably used. In the present invention, at least one of soy sauce cake and rice bran can be preferably used in terms of high germination rate, less difference in germination rate between strawberry varieties, and high generality, and especially soy sauce. Spider is more preferable.

  In the contact process in which the treatment agent containing moss is brought into contact with the strawberry fruit to dissolve the pulp and promote the germination of the seed, the amount of the treatment agent used is, for example, a desired germination promoting effect (germination rate, germination rate). Depending on the type (variety) of strawberries, etc., it can be set as appropriate, but it is particularly desirable to use an amount sufficient to remove the nutrient conduits attached to the seeds. That is, in the present invention, by using moss as a treating agent, it is possible to simultaneously realize the solubilization and germination promotion of strawberry fruits (enlarged flower buds), and it is also possible to remove the nutritional conduit. is there. By removing the nutrient conduits from the seeds, it is possible to perform mechanical sowing more smoothly and contribute to the production of strawberry in a plant factory. From this standpoint, generally, moss (solid content) can be appropriately determined within a range of 1 to 500 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of strawberry fruit (solid content). Therefore, for example, it can be about 5 to 100 parts by weight, especially 50 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of strawberry fruit (solid content).

  A contact process can be performed by mixing and stirring a strawberry fruit and a processing agent, for example. In particular, as described above, when a slurry containing strawberry-like fruit fragments and water and a treating agent containing moss and water are used, both may be mixed and stirred.

  The temperature in the contacting step is not particularly limited, and it may be usually carried out at room temperature, and more specifically can be appropriately set within a range of 10 to 40 ° C.

  The time in the contact step (contact holding time) may be a time that can sufficiently achieve dissolution of strawberry flesh and germination promotion, for example, 1 to 48 hours, particularly 1 to 24 hours. good. In particular, in the present invention, it is desirable to ensure sufficient time for the strawberry seed feeding pipe to be removed.

  After the contact step is completed, the strawberry seeds may be collected according to a known solid-liquid separation method such as a gradient method, filtration, or centrifugation. In this way, strawberry seeds that have undergone germination promotion treatment can be obtained.

  The strawberry seed subjected to the germination promotion treatment may be nurtured in the same manner as in the case of a normal strawberry seed. In particular, when seeds germinate, the seeds that have been subjected to the germination promotion treatment of the present invention may be germinated and grown in a soil containing only water, but if necessary, in a soil supplemented with amino acids such as ascorbic acid and methionine. When germinating and raising seedlings, a higher germination promoting effect can be obtained. Moreover, in order to further eliminate the adverse effects of microorganisms such as mold, a more stable germination rate can be obtained by using an agricultural chemical such as benrate. Furthermore, the germination promoting effect can be further enhanced by adding organic acids such as citric acid and pyruvic acid.

  The features of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1
Germination promotion treatment was performed using strawberries of various varieties. First, about 20 g of strawberries on the market were removed, and this was lightly crushed by hand (subdivided product) was used as a sample. On the other hand, a soy sauce brewing koji (soy sauce koji) (a commercial seed koji fermented and grown in wheat) and 10 times its amount (by weight) of water are mixed and stirred for a predetermined time. Then, after the obtained mixed solution was centrifugally settled, 30 mL of the supernatant was collected and added to the sample. The mixture was stirred at about 500 rpm at room temperature using a magnetic stirrer. Almost all of the pulp was dissolved in about 2 hours after the start of stirring, and healthy seeds were precipitated after about 20 hours from the start of stirring. This is diluted with about 3 times the amount of water (weight ratio), and the suspended matter such as trash that has floated up is discarded by the gradient method together with the supernatant liquid, and purified by repeating the process of leaving healthy seeds that are precipitated three times. Went. Thereafter, the seeds were collected and allowed to dry naturally. When the strawberry seed treated with soy sauce cake was visually observed, it was confirmed that the nutrient conduit was removed in all.

Reference example 1
As a reference example, strawberry seeds were prepared by carrying out dissolution treatment (sodium bicarbonate treatment, cellulosin treatment) and germination promotion treatment (sulfuric acid treatment). More specifically, about 300 g of commercially available strawberries and cores were removed, and this was lightly crushed by hand (subdivided product) was used as a sample. Water was added to make a volume of 500 mL. After 5 g of sodium bicarbonate was added and stirred for 1 hour, the resulting mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded. Further, water was added and stirred, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugal sedimentation (treatment with sodium bicarbonate). ). As a result, seeds containing undissolved fibers (nutrient conduits, etc.) were obtained. The seeds were mixed with 500 mL of water and 1 g of a commercially available cellulase (cellulosin (manufactured by HIBI)) and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours (cellulosin treatment). The seeds from which the fibers had been removed were obtained by separating the settled seeds by the gradient method, and further adding water and discarding the supernatant liquid three times. Furthermore, when processing with concentrated sulfuric acid, after seeds were naturally dried, 10 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to 1 g of seeds, and the seed exterior (shell) was carbonized by immersion for 10 minutes (sulfuric acid treatment). The seeds were dispersed in 300 mL of water, filtered through gauze, and further rinsed with water to remove carbonized shells and obtain beautiful seeds.

Test example 1
The germination status of germinated strawberry seeds obtained in Example 1 and Reference Example 1 (including some samples that were not treated with sulfuric acid) was confirmed. 20 g of red bean clay was placed in a 120 mL capacity styrene rod bottle, and water was added until the surface of the soil was visible. Next, 10 seeds were sown per variety, and germinated in a culture room (25 ° C.) for 12 hours. Evaporating water was replenished daily. The day when rooting was first observed was taken as the germination date, and the germination rate on the 14th day of culture, the germination rate on the 30th day of culture, and those that had grown healthy to 5 mm or more on the 30th day of culture were counted as healthy seedlings did. The results are shown in Table 1.
In addition, as for the time written together with the soy sauce cake of the processing method in Table 1, the former shows the stirring time of the soy sauce cake and water in Example 1, and the latter shows the processing time by moss. For example, “soy sauce lees 30 minutes / day” means that soy sauce lees and water were mixed for 30 minutes, and the seeds were treated for 1 day using it. Moreover, the thing without the description of stirring time shows that the moss was used as it was without stirring with water.

Test example 2
The germination promotion effect by the kind of moss was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 or Reference Example 1 except that the soy sauce cake was replaced with the potatoes shown in Table 2. Commercially available products were used for the moss.

Test example 3
The germination promotion effect of hybrids as strawberry varieties was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3. The treatment method was the same as in Example 1.

As is clear from the above results, the seeds of the example obtained by the treatment with moss are the seeds obtained in Reference Example 1 in contrast to the method of the reference example consisting of two steps of dissolution treatment and germination promotion treatment. It can be seen that a germination rate equivalent to or higher than can be achieved. In particular, it can be seen that strawberry seeds treated with soy sauce cake or rice bran can achieve a germination rate of 90% or more on the 30th day of culture.

Claims (7)

A method for producing a strawberry seed subjected to germination promotion, comprising the steps of dissolving a flesh and promoting seed germination by bringing a treating agent containing moss into contact with the strawberry fruit. Method. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the step is performed by a method including (1) a step of preparing a strawberry-like fruit subdivided product and (2) a step of adding the treatment agent to the subdivided product. The manufacturing method of Claim 1 or 2 whose said processing agent is a liquid mixture containing moss and water. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a nutrient conduit bound to the seed is removed by the step. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the koji is at least one of soy sauce brewing koji, shochu brewing koji, and sake brewing koji. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein strawberry seeds are used for mechanical sowing. A germination-promoted strawberry seed obtained by the production method according to claim 1.