JP2015010038A - Antimicrobial agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antimicrobial agent which can be produced safely and inexpensively.SOLUTION: There is provided an antimicrobial agent containing magnesium oxide and at least one of clove and rosemary. There can be obtained a high antibacterial effect by an antibacterial effect due to hydrogen peroxide generated by the reaction between polyphenols contained in clove or rosemary and magnesium oxide, an antibacterial effect due to magnesium oxide and a synergistic effect of an antibacterial effect due to clove or rosemary itself.

Description

  The present invention relates to an antibacterial agent that can be produced safely and inexpensively.

  The use of chemically synthesized pesticides in the agricultural field has caused social problems such as environmental pollution, human damage, and residue on the soil, and solving these problems is important for safe crop production. Many plants contain antibacterial active ingredients, and so far, many studies have been reported on the use of relatively safe plants as antibacterial agents (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). However, when plant-derived components are compared with existing chemical synthetic antibacterial agents, there is a problem that the antibacterial effect is low and it is necessary to spray a large amount.

  Research has also been reported on synergistic amplification of antiviral and antibacterial effects by administering antibiotics and plant-derived components to influenza viruses, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Helicobacter pylori. ing. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 2). However, mixing chemical substances and plant-derived components causes problems due to the toxicity of the drug, so that it is difficult to use in the organic agriculture field.

Iwasawa, A .; Niwano, Y .; , Mokudai. T. T. et al. , And Kohno, M .; (2009), "Antivital activity of proanthocyanidin against feline calivirius used as a surrogate for noirvirus, and coxsavirevirus. 14, no. 3, 107-111. Wagner, H.C. , And Ulrich-Merzenich, G .; (2009). Synergy research: “Approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals.” Phytomedicine, Vol. 16, no. 2-3, 97-110.

  This invention is made | formed based on such a problem, and is providing the antibacterial agent which can be manufactured safely and cheaply.

  The antibacterial agent of the present invention contains at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide.

  According to the antibacterial agent of the present invention, since it contains at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide, the antibacterial effect can be amplified and a high antibacterial effect can be obtained. In addition, since plant tissue is used, there is little irritation to the human body, there is little danger even if it is discharged into the river, safety can be increased, and it can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide is generated when this antibacterial agent is used, but since a high antibacterial effect can be obtained even if the amount used is small, the toxicity is low, and the generated hydrogen peroxide is produced by transition metal ions and microorganisms. Since it is gradually decomposed by the enzyme etc. which it has, high safety can be obtained. Therefore, it can be used for agriculture.

It is a figure showing the effect of the antibacterial agent using the clove or rosemary of a present Example. It is a figure showing the seed germination rate of the blast fungus-contaminated seed to be seeded in an antibacterial agent using clove or rosemary of the present example. It is a figure showing the seedling blast onset rate of the blast fungus contaminated seed which is seeded in the antibacterial agent using the clove or rosemary of the present Example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

  The antibacterial agent according to the present embodiment includes at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide. As a clove, for example, a branch, a leaf, a flower bud, a clove oil, or an extract can be used. Moreover, as rosemary, a leaf, a stem, or an extract can be used, for example. Branches, leaves, florets, stems, and the like are preferable because, for example, powdered ones can be used as they are. In the case of an extract, the solvent used for extraction is not particularly limited, but a hydrophilic solvent is preferably used, and ethanol is particularly preferable.

Magnesium oxide is a base catalyst for enhancing antibacterial action. The action mechanism of this antibacterial agent is considered as follows, for example. It is not bound by this theory. First, components such as polyphenol compounds contained in clove or rosemary easily reduce oxygen in the presence of magnesium oxide. Superoxide ions (O ₂ ⁻ ) generated by reduction of oxygen disproportionate to generate hydrogen peroxide. The generated hydrogen peroxide passes through the bacterial cell membrane and reacts with trace metals in the cytoplasm, thereby generating a hydroxyl radical (.OH) showing a bactericidal effect. At the same time, the antibacterial effect of magnesium oxide and the antibacterial effect of clove or rosemary itself are added. Therefore, according to this antibacterial agent, although the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated is lower than that of conventional antibacterial agents, it exhibits a strong antibacterial effect. In addition, when this antibacterial agent is used, if there is moisture, it will act for 3 to 5 days after use, and for several hours after drying, hydrogen peroxide will accumulate and kill the bacteria. It is gradually decomposed into metal and water by the metal ions and enzymes held by microorganisms. For this reason, even if this antibacterial agent is used, the amount used may be small, and hydrogen peroxide does not accumulate for a long time, so that safety is high.

  The method for producing this antibacterial agent is not particularly limited. An antibacterial agent can be easily produced by mixing magnesium oxide with a clove or rosemary powder, oil or extract obtained using any method known to those skilled in the art. In particular, it is preferable to use clove or rosemary powder because it is not necessary to extract components and can be manufactured at low cost.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, since at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide are contained, the antibacterial effect can be amplified and a high antibacterial effect can be obtained. . In addition, since plant tissue is used, there is little irritation to the human body, there is little danger even if it is discharged into the river, safety can be increased, and it can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide is generated when this antibacterial agent is used, but since a high antibacterial effect can be obtained even if the amount used is small, the toxicity is low, and the generated hydrogen peroxide is produced by transition metal ions and microorganisms. Since it is gradually decomposed by the enzyme etc. which it has, high safety can be obtained. Therefore, it can be used for agriculture.

(Examples 1-1 and 1-2)
First, as an antibacterial agent, in Example 1-1, a mixture of 200 mg of powder obtained by drying and crushing clove florets and 50 mg of magnesium oxide was prepared. In Example 1-2, leaves of rosemary and A mixture of 200 mg of powder obtained by drying and pulverizing the stem and 50 mg of magnesium oxide was prepared. Next, bacteria, microorganisms and the like in the atmosphere were confined in a desiccator having an internal volume of about 6 liters, and the petri dish was propagated using 100 cm ³ of a 1% solution of polypeptone (protein) as a nutrient source. Subsequently, the prepared antimicrobial agents of Example 1-1 or Example 1-2 were individually added to the petri dish. Thereafter, the amount of carbon dioxide generated when bacteria, microorganisms, etc. decompose polypectone by the action of an enzyme or the like in a desiccator was measured using a gas tech. An increase in carbon dioxide means an increase in bacteria and microorganisms.

(Comparative Example 1-1)
The amount of carbon dioxide in the desiccator was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 except that the antibacterial agent was not added.

(Comparative Example 1-2)
As the antibacterial agent, except that a mixture of 200 mg of powder obtained by drying and crushing leaves, stems and flowers of thyme and 50 mg of magnesium oxide was added, the same as in Examples 1-1 and 1-2. The amount of carbon dioxide in the desiccator was measured.

(Comparative Example 1-3)
The desiccator was the same as in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 except that 200 mg of a powder obtained by drying and grinding sage leaves and stems and 50 mg of magnesium oxide were added as an antibacterial agent. The amount of carbon dioxide inside was measured.

(result)
The results of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and 1-3 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, according to Examples 1-1 and 1-2, carbon dioxide did not increase after 70 hours. On the other hand, although not shown in FIG. 1, in Comparative Example 1-1 in which the antibacterial agent was not added, the amount of increase in carbon dioxide was gradual until 20 hours passed. There was a sharp increase from around the time. Moreover, in Comparative Example 1-2 to which thyme was added and Comparative Example 1-3 to which sage was added, a sharp increase in carbon dioxide was observed from around 50 hours. That is, it has been found that a high antibacterial effect can be obtained if at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide are mixed and used as an antibacterial agent.

  Note that rosemary, thyme, and sage belong to the same Labiatae herb, but there was a large difference in antibacterial properties. As one of the factors, the difference between the components and the contents contained in these can be considered. Clove, rosemary, thyme, and sage components were extracted, and component analysis was performed on these extracts using a high-performance liquid chromatograph system. As a result, eugenol was detected as the main component in the clove, and the presence of a plurality of other polyphenols was confirmed. Moreover, although the presence of many polyphenols was confirmed in rosemary, thyme, and sage, among them, rosmarinic acid was detected at a higher concentration in rosemary than in thyme and sage.

  For eugenol and representative polyphenols rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and chlorogenic acid, the amount of carbon dioxide in the desiccator was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1-1 and 1-2. did. At that time, these addition amounts were all 0.1 mM. As a result, rosmarinic acid had the highest antibacterial effect, followed by chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate in this order. In addition, eugenol had no antibacterial effect. That is, the high antibacterial effect in rosemary is considered to be related to rosmarinic acid. In addition, the high antibacterial effect of cloves is considered to be due to the synergistic action of hydrogen peroxide produced by reaction with polyphenols in the presence of magnesium oxide and eugenol.

(Examples 2-1 and 2-2)
About the antimicrobial agent of Examples 1-1 and 1-2, the seed disinfection effect with respect to rice blast was investigated. The plant cultivar “Haenuki” was used as the test plant. The rice seeds used were blast fungus-contaminated seeds prepared by spray-inoculating blast fungus in the previous year. 50 mg of the antibacterial agent of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and 100 ml of demineralized water were mixed, put individually in a petri dish, added with blast fungus-contaminated seeds, and soaked in a dark condition at 25 ° C. for 48 hours. Went. In Example 2-1, the antibacterial agent used was a mixture of 400 mg of clove powder and 50 mg of magnesium oxide. In Example 2-2, 400 mg of rosemary powder and 50 mg of magnesium oxide were mixed. What was done was used.

  After that, the blast fungus-contaminated seeds to be soaked in the antibacterial agent were sown in a seedling case of rice (1200 grains) and grown in a glass chamber. At the time of emergence, it was once transferred to an inoculation box and kept for 24 hours, and then returned to the glass room to grow seedlings. The survey items of the seed disinfection effect are seed germination rate and seedling blast disease rate. For the seed germination rate, the number of contaminated seeds used was prepared in advance, and seed germination rate = (number of germinated seedlings) / (number of seeded seeds) was determined. In addition, the seedling blast incidence rate was determined by diagnosing a seedling having a yellowing and withering disease state as a seedling blast, and the seedling blast incidence rate = (number of diseased seedlings) / (number of germinated seedlings 800-900) × 100. did.

(Comparative Example 2-1)
Except that the antibacterial agent was not added, that is, except that the seeds contaminated with blast fungus were seeded in demineralized water, the seed germination rate and seedling blast were the same as in Examples 2-1 and 2-2. The rate was examined.

  The result of the seed germination rate is shown in FIG. 2, and the result of the seedling blast rate is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the seed germination rate was not different between Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-1. However, as shown in FIG. 3, the incidence of seedling blast was lower in both Examples 2-1 and 2-2 than in Comparative Example 2-1. This is interpreted that the antibacterial agents of Examples 2-1 and 2-2 have a so-called bacteriostatic effect that suppresses the spread and invasion of blast fungus into seeds immediately after germination. This effect is believed to be due to three synergistic actions of clove or rosemary, magnesium oxide and hydrogen peroxide. That is, if at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide are mixed and used as an antibacterial agent, the onset of rice blast can be suppressed and it can be used effectively in agriculture. I understood that I could do it.

  Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the said embodiment and Example, although the quantity of the antibacterial agent was shown concretely and demonstrated, it can determine suitably according to a kind and a use. Moreover, the antimicrobial agent of this invention may contain other components, such as a solubilizing agent, in addition to the component mentioned above.

  It can be used for antibacterial purposes such as crops.

Claims (2)

  An antibacterial agent comprising at least one of clove and rosemary and magnesium oxide.   The antibacterial agent according to claim 1, which is used in agriculture.

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