JP2015000912A - W/o type emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide w/o type emulsion fuel which allows small amounts of soot, dust and NOx to be generated when burnt and in which coal-based oil is used.SOLUTION: The w/o type emulsion fuel contains: 50-95 pts. mass of the coal-based oil containing a coal tar distillation fraction as a main component; and 5-50 pts. mass of water. It does not matter if the coal-based oil comprises only the coal tar distillation fraction. It does not matter if the coal-based oil is a mixture of the coal tar distillation fraction with a coal tar distillation residue and a ratio of the coal tar distillation fraction in the coal-based oil is equal to or higher than 50 mass% and lower than 100 mass%.

Description

  The present invention relates to a W / O type emulsion fuel.

  When coal tar obtained by dry distillation of coal is distilled, it is fractionated into various components, and the various fractionated components are used for various applications according to the component characteristics. Its main application is the material application of various chemical products such as electrodes and carbon black, but it can also be used for fuel applications.

JP2011-219675A

However, most of the fuels currently used are petroleum-based oils, and coal-based oils such as coal tar and fractions thereof are hardly used as fuels. This is because coal-based oils have a higher carbon / hydrogen atomic ratio (C / H) than petroleum-based oils, so that a large amount of soot is generated during combustion, as well as nitrogen content in coal-based oils. This is because the amount of NOx generated is large and the environmental load is large.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art and to provide a fuel using coal-based oil that generates less dust and NOx during combustion.

In order to solve the above-described problems, an aspect of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the W / O type emulsion fuel according to one aspect of the present invention comprises 50 parts by mass or more and 95 parts by mass or less of coal-based oil whose main component is a coal tar distillation fraction and 50 parts by mass or less of water. It is characterized by containing.
In this W / O type emulsion fuel, the coal oil may consist only of a coal tar distillation fraction. Further, the coal-based oil may be a mixture of a coal tar distillation fraction and a coal tar distillation residue, and a ratio of the coal tar distillation fraction in the coal oil may be 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass.

  The W / O emulsion fuel according to the present invention contains 50 mass parts or more and 95 mass parts or less of coal-based oil whose main component is a coal tar distillation fraction, and 50 mass parts or less and 5 mass parts or less of water. Sometimes generation of dust and NOx is small.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the distillation apparatus of coal tar. It is a figure explaining the manufacturing method of W / O type emulsion fuel. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the mixing ratio of the creosote oil and water in W / O type | mold emulsion fuel, and the dust concentration in waste gas at the time of burning a W / O type | mold emulsion fuel. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the mixing ratio of the creosote oil and water in W / O type | mold emulsion fuel, and the NOx density | concentration in waste gas at the time of burning a W / O type | mold emulsion fuel. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the kind of coal oil in W / O type | mold emulsion fuel, and the dust concentration in waste gas at the time of burning a W / O type | mold emulsion fuel.

Embodiments of a W / O emulsion fuel according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
The W / O type emulsion fuel of this embodiment contains 50 parts by mass or more and 95 parts by mass or less of coal-based oil whose main component is a coal tar distillation fraction and 50 parts by mass or less of water and 5 parts by mass or more. Since the W / O type emulsion fuel of this embodiment is an emulsion in which water droplets are dispersed in coal-based oil, good combustion is realized by the action of the dispersed water droplets.

That is, when the W / O emulsion fuel is burned, the water droplets are vaporized and instantly expand, so that a small explosion occurs in the coal-based oil and the coal-based oil is atomized. For this reason, the contact area between the coal-based oil and the air is increased, and the combustion efficiency is improved, so that the generation amount of dust is reduced. Further, by removing the heat of evaporation from the atmosphere when the water droplets are vaporized, the temperature of the combustion section is lowered, so that the amount of NOx generated is reduced. Therefore, the W / O type emulsion fuel of this embodiment has a small environmental load despite burning coal-based oil.
The method of mixing and emulsifying coal oil and water is not particularly limited, and conventional methods such as stirring, jetting, pressurization, and addition of emulsifier can be used. The kind of emulsifier is not particularly limited, and a general emulsifier can be used.

As for the ratio of coal-based oil to water, if the amount of water is less than 5 parts by mass, the effect of reducing the generation amount of soot and NOx may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 50 parts by mass, There is a fear that the viscosity of the W / O emulsion fuel may be significantly increased due to the transfer.
Furthermore, although the kind of coal-based oil is not particularly limited, a coal-based oil mainly composed of a coal tar distillation fraction obtained by distillation of coal tar is preferable. The coal-based oil may consist only of a coal tar distillation fraction, or other combustion oil components may be contained in the coal tar distillation fraction. For example, the coal-based oil may be a mixture of a coal tar distillation fraction and a coal tar distillation residue.

When the coal-based oil is a mixture of a coal tar distillation fraction and a coal tar distillation residue, the ratio of the coal tar distillation fraction in the coal-based oil is preferably 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass. If the proportion of the coal tar distillation fraction is less than 50% by mass, there is a possibility that water droplet dispersion is inhibited due to an increase in viscosity and the effect of the emulsion fuel is reduced.
Furthermore, components other than coal oil and water may be appropriately added to the W / O emulsion fuel of the present embodiment as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples and comparative examples.
In a distillation facility (see FIG. 1) having a tar distillation device 3 and a naphthalene distillation device 4 having a dehydration tower 1 and a fractionation tower 2, coal tar generated during the dry distillation of coal is distilled to various components. By fractional distillation, 95% naphthalene, crude naphtha oil, naphthalene washing oil and anthracene oil which are coal tar distillation fractions, and a coal tar distillation residue which is a distillation residue thereof were obtained. The naphthalene washing oil and anthracene oil were mixed to obtain a creosote oil having a specific gravity (15/4 ° C.) of 1.19.

  Water was mixed with the creosote oil at various mixing ratios to produce W / O type emulsion fuel (see FIG. 2). That is, a predetermined amount of water is sent from the water tank 12 to the static mixer 41 using the water pump 11, and a predetermined amount of emulsifier is sent from the emulsifier tank 22 to the static mixer 41 using the emulsifier pump 21, and both are mixed. To obtain an aqueous emulsifier solution.

Furthermore, this emulsifier aqueous solution is sent to the static mixer 42, and a predetermined amount of coal-based oil is sent from the coal-based oil tank 32 to the static mixer 42 using the coal-based oil pump 31. / O type emulsion fuel was produced. Then, the W / O type emulsion fuel was sent to the emulsion tank 43 and stored.
The mixing ratio (mass ratio) of creosote oil and water is 100/0 (100 parts by mass of creosote oil and 0 parts by mass of water, the same applies hereinafter), 95/5, 90 / It was set to 10, 80/20, 50/50. The amount of the emulsifier added was 0.3% by mass of the whole W / O emulsion fuel.

Each obtained W / O type emulsion fuel was introduced into a combustion furnace (not shown) together with air and burned. The exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace was analyzed, and the concentrations of soot and NOx in the exhaust gas were measured. The results are shown in the graphs of FIGS.
As can be seen from the graphs of FIGS. 3 and 4, by emulsifying the coal-based oil, at least 46% of the dust, 21% of NOx, and up to 80% of the dust, compared with the comparative example not containing water. Was reduced by 32%.

Next, as the coal-based oil, the above-mentioned creosote oil obtained by distillation using the distillation equipment of FIG. 1, the coal tar distillation residue, or a mixture of both is used, and a W / O type emulsion fuel is produced by the same method as described above. Manufactured.
The mixing ratio (mass ratio) of coal-based oil and water was 90/10 for all. The amount of the emulsifier added was 0.3% by mass of the whole W / O emulsion fuel. Furthermore, the proportion of creosote oil in the mixture of creosote oil and coal tar distillation residue is 65% by mass (that is, the proportion of coal tar distillation residue is 35% by mass).

Each of the obtained W / O type emulsion fuels was introduced into the combustion furnace together with air and burned in the same manner as described above, the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace was analyzed, and the concentration of soot in the exhaust gas was measured. The results are shown in the graph of FIG.
As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 5, when the coal-based oil is only creosote oil and when the mixture is a mixture of creosote oil and coal tar distillation residue, the coal oil is only coal tar distillation residue. The concentration of soot in the exhaust gas was lower than the case.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dehydration tower 2 Fractionation tower 3 Tar distillation apparatus 4 Naphthalene distillation apparatus 12 Water tank 22 Emulsifier tank 32 Coal oil tank 41 Static mixer 42 Static mixer 43 Emulsion tank

Claims (3)

  A W / O type emulsion fuel comprising 50 to 95 parts by mass of coal-based oil whose main component is a coal tar distillation fraction and 50 to 5 parts by mass of water.   The W / O emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the coal-based oil consists only of a coal tar distillation fraction.   The coal-based oil is a mixture of a coal tar distillation fraction and a coal tar distillation residue, and a ratio of the coal tar distillation fraction in the coal-based oil is 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass. Item 2. The W / O emulsion fuel according to Item 1.

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