JP2014513759A - Utilization of renewable fluid energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides means for utilizing the energy of airflow and waterflow. One application provides a means of utilizing airflow energy to recover water from a naturally humid atmosphere. This method is based on the fact that the characteristics of the thermodynamic state of the surrounding atmosphere change as it passes through the convergence-divergence system. This device is a water condensing device that is exposed to a high humidity air stream and does not have a mobile member. The device includes a cascade of wing-like configurations that allow the airflow to converge. With this configuration, the speed of the airflow increases, the temperature decreases, and an outflow airflow is obtained. The static pressure and temperature inside the airflow are reduced. The decrease in static pressure and temperature induces condensation from water-water vapor to water-aerosol. Another application of this method provides an efficient mechanism for recovering electrical energy from a warm atmosphere in nature using renewable airflow energy. Renewable airflow energy includes the inertial energy of the airflow, the internal thermal energy, and the potential energy of the atmosphere in the Earth's gravitational field. Electrical energy recovery mechanisms can also be used to use renewable water energy in nature.
[Selection] Figure 7a

Description

Cross-reference This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT / US2010 / 059786, filed December 10, 2010.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 298,678 filed on November 17, 2011, and U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 298,678 is filed on Aug. 11, 2010. U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 854,196, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 854,196, filed May 6, 2010 and now part of U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 774,936 U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 774,936 is a continuation application, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 175,799, filed May 6, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 233,207, filed Aug. 12, 2009. And claims the rights of these provisional applications.

  The present invention relates to an environmentally clean technique, and more particularly to a technique for recovering distilled water from a highly humid atmosphere and extracting electric power with a turbine generator.

In most areas, the origin of water resources and electrical energy is remote from where it is actually used. In such a case, if water can be collected from the air and electric power can be generated, it is not necessary to transport water or electric power from a remote place to a storage facility on site, which can be a substantial advantage. Furthermore, when water and electric power are continuously taken out, the necessity of storing water and electric energy on site is greatly reduced. Techniques are known for producing electricity using a wind turbine and condensing water on a cooling surface using an electric cooler. Such a technique is practical if the power can be taken out at a very low cost. Today, wind power is widely used for power generation, but rather large wind turbines are applied to meet power requirements. Actually, even if a large wind turbine is used to convert kinetic energy due to the inertia of wind power in nature to electric power, inexpensive electric power cannot be supplied.
There is a need for water recovery from the air in areas of the world with little or no water resources.

  In view of the ubiquitous nature of water in the vapor state, if we can develop a technology that can efficiently extract water from the air, we will establish a continuous water supply wherever it is possible to cool the air substantially. It is possible. If such technology can be obtained, it can provide water and environmental control to agriculture, industry and townspeople in a clean and logistically superior way.

  The water condensation process is an exothermic process. That is, when water is converted from steam to aerosol and / or dew, so-called latent heat is released, and the aerosol and / or dew drops themselves and the surrounding environment are heated. The preheated aerosol and / or dew drops then evaporate back into the gas, slowing down the desired condensation process.

  The prior art of FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a standard outline of an airplane wing 10. It is known that a lift effect is produced on an airplane wing 10 as a result of the non-target outer shape of the wing 10. The opposing airflow 12 flows around the asymmetrical outer shape of the blade 10 and draws the surrounding air having viscosity by the so-called Coanda effect. The axis 11 of the wing 10 is defined as separating the upper and lower flows. The shaft 11 of the wing 10 and the airflow 12 facing each other constitute a so-called “attack angle” 13. First, lift is defined by the angle of attack 13 and changes the direction of the airflow. Second, when the angle of attack 13 is equal to zero, the upper airflow 14 and the lower airflow 15 merge behind the blade 10 by the blade 10 having an ideal streamline shape.

  Both the upper air flow 14 and the lower air flow 15 flowing around the wing 10 are rectified based on the outer shape of the wing 10 by the Coanda effect. This causes a change in the cross-sectional area of the airflow, and the convection is accelerated by the continuity principle ρSv = Const (where ρ is the density of the airflow, v is the velocity of the airflow, and S is the cross-sectional area of the airflow). . As a result, the upper airflow 14 is more strongly converged and flows faster than the lower airflow 15. According to the energy conservation law expressed as Bernoulli's theorem, the so-called static pressure from the upper airflow 14 in the blade 10 is smaller than the static pressure from the lower airflow 15. If the upper air flow 14 and the lower air flow 15 flow in layers around the wing 10, the difference in static pressure is defined by ΔP = Cρv 2/2 (where ΔP is the difference in static pressure and The lift is defined when the angle 13 is equal to zero, C is a constant determined by the asymmetric profile of the wing 10, ρ is the density of the air, and v is the relative velocity of the airflow to the wing 10). In practice, there are turbulence and air vortices, which are not shown here. General airflow, turbulence and air vortices cause a distribution in static pressure, specifically a decrease in local static pressure and an expansion of local airflow. Paying attention to a part of the air flowing around the wing 10, Klapeiron-Mendeleev's law established in an ideal gas: PV / T = nR (where n is the molar amount contained in a part of the air under consideration) , P is the static pressure of the gas, V is the volume of air in this part, T is the absolute temperature of the air, and R is the gas constant) There are at least two reasons why the gas parameters for some change. One is that, in a relatively slow airflow, this airflow can be regarded as an incompressible gas, and applying the Gayrussack law in the equal volume process, the static pressure P is expressed as an absolute temperature as Determined by T: ΔP / P = ΔT / T. That is, the decrease in static pressure is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in absolute temperature ΔT. Second, if the airflow is compressible-expandable when hitting a non-zero angle of attack 13 in a higher velocity airflow, the airflow flowing around the wing 10 will perform work W, substantially This portion of air is volume expanded under an adiabatic process.

As a result of the adiabatic expansion, the internal thermal energy of this part of the air changes, and accordingly, the static pressure decreases and the temperature also decreases. The work W performed by the airflow flowing around the blade 10 in the adiabatic process is defined as follows: W = nCvΔTα (where Cv is the heat capacity in the equal volume process and ΔTα is the subject of consideration in the adiabatic process) And the temperature drop of a part of the air). The value of the temperature decrease in the adiabatic process: ΔTα = T ₂ −T ₁ is the following formula: T ₂ / T ₁ = (P ₂ / P ₁ ) ^{(γ−1) / γ} (where P ₁ and P ₂ are respectively The static pressure of air before and after the adiabatic process, γ is an adiabatic parameter that depends on the molecular structure of the gas, and the value of γ = 7/5 is a reasonable approximation in natural air) It is linked. The net result is that the cross-sectional area of a portion of the gas flowing around the wing 10 is reduced, resulting in the gas being accelerated based on the continuity equation. Here, considering the movement of air in a substantially horizontal direction, the increase in the kinetic energy of the air is caused by the consumption of internal heat energy based on the law of energy conservation. Thus, both of the aforementioned processes (i.e., the isovolumetric process and the adiabatic expansion process) act in particular as a water condensation trigger, and it is possible to extract power using the increased kinetic energy.

  Considering tornadoes in nature, there is a phenomenon in which air rotating at high speed triggers condensation from water in a vapor state to water-aerosol.

  Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a system that can provide an efficient and environmentally clean mechanism for controllably removing water from air. Historically, wind energy has been used directly to propel ships and to convert water into mechanical energy for pumping water or threshing grain. The main use of wind power today is the production of electricity. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a system that provides a way to efficiently extract water from air using natural wind power.

  On the other hand, the use of wind power for the production of electricity as described above is based on a method of converting the inertial energy of airflow into electricity, and substantially converts the internal thermal energy of the warm airflow in nature to electricity. I do not consider that. For example, Dariush Allaei's U.S. Patent No. 7,811,048, “Turbine Suction Tower for Wind Energy Conversion System,” improves the efficiency of extracting electricity from the air stream by using a vertically long converging tube. Have been described. The method described here uses a high tower with a cavity (eg, 100 or 200 feet or more) to create a downward airflow that is introduced into a wind turbine located near the ground. However, airflow acceleration can be problematic for at least two reasons. First, a long channel creates resistance due to surface friction. And secondly, it is expected that undesired resistance will occur because the direction of the airflow is changed multiple times.

  Therefore, an efficient mechanism for extracting electrical energy from the air using renewable wind energy (including inertial energy of airflow, internal heat, potential energy built into air masses in the Earth's gravitational field) in this technical field A system that provides is needed.

  Furthermore, in recent years, electricity is produced using hydraulic power based on the method of converting the inertial energy of water that is accelerated by gravity to fall into electricity, but the internal thermal energy of hot water in nature is substantially converted into electricity. It is not considered to do. Therefore, there is a problem that a sufficient amount of electricity cannot be produced from waves in the offshore sea, which is relatively slow. Therefore, it provides an efficient mechanism for extracting electrical energy from water using renewable water energy (including inertial energy of water flow, internal heat, potential energy of air masses in the Earth's gravitational field) that can be regenerated in this technical field. A system to do that is needed.

  Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the limitations of water recovery from air by existing methods and apparatus, and to provide an improved method and apparatus for recovering water from air and extracting electricity from air streams and water streams. Is to provide.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for more reliably removing water.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for environmentally clean water recovery. Here, the condensation of water from high-humidity air is achieved by an engine powered by natural airflow.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for providing a more powerful and evolutionary solution without the use of mobile members. Here, among the components of the engine, only the airflow that is taken in moves.

  It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for cooling an object by obtaining power from a natural airflow flowing around.

  It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for improving the flight characteristics of an aircraft.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for extracting electrical energy from both its mechanical energy and internal thermal energy using a warm air stream in nature.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for extracting electrical energy from potential energy contained in a gas portion in the earth's gravitational field by using airflow in nature as power.

  It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for obtaining power from a water stream and extracting electrical energy from both its mechanical energy and internal thermal energy.

  Method and apparatus capable of generating an air flow or water flow, thereby extracting mechanical energy and internal thermal energy from the air flow or water flow, and extracting positive power as a net result in an apparatus with a conventional propeller that consumes power Is also a further object of the present invention.

  It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus that serves as a converging propeller that derives power from combustion of fuel or electricity. The method and apparatus can efficiently recover the surrounding gas or liquid, and the recovery efficiency is achieved as a result of using both the energy from consumption and the internal thermal energy of the inclusion.

  Thus, here is a summary of the important characteristics of the present invention, and the detailed description that follows will help to better understand the present invention. Additional details and advantages of the present invention are provided in the detailed description, some of which will be appreciated from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention.

  All of the foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention will be understood through preferred embodiments described hereinafter with or without the drawings.

In order to understand the invention and understand how it is implemented, preferred embodiments will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawings, which are exemplary. here,
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the outer shape of an airplane wing in the prior art. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an environmentally clean passive catcher of water aerosol. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an environmentally clean water condensing engine, having a set of wing-like members, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a square tube (converging nozzle) and a water condensing engine, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a configuration including in-line horn-tubes as a water condensing device, constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of a system and a wind turbine assembly for converging a portion of an airflow, constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6b is a schematic view of a system and wind turbine assembly for converging and redirecting a portion of an airflow, constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6c is a schematic illustration of a propeller, airflow conversion system, and wind turbine assembly, constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7a is a schematic side view, cut-out schematic view, and schematic isometric view of a wing arranged in a coil shape along the outline of an Archimedes screw, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Yes. FIG. 7b is a schematic view of two wings assembled in a straight line, arranged in a coil shape along the outline of the Archimedes screw, and constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Yes. Here, the first coiled wing rotates around the longitudinal holding axis by consuming electric power.

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The principles and operation of a method and apparatus according to the present invention will be understood by reference to the drawings and accompanying descriptions. Here, the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an environmentally clean passive catcher 20 for water aerosol. The catcher 20 has a set of wing-like streamlined plates 21 and a wing-like plate 22 obtained by inverting them, and collects dew condensed in nature. When the catcher 20 is placed in the released space, the high-humidity airflow 23 flows around the wing-like plates 21 and 22 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, and the air is partially accelerated and cooled. . In each of the wing-like plates 21 and 22, the airflow 23 is converged by changing the flow direction of the opposing airflow 23 based on the Coanda effect and inverting the wing-like plates 21 and 22. The resulting outflow airflow 29 is accelerated according to the continuity equation. According to Bernoulli's theorem, the static pressure decreases with increasing air velocity. And according to the law of gas, temperature falls by the fall of a static pressure. When the speed of the opposing airflow is high, the effect of accelerating and cooling a part of the air becomes high. When the weather conditions are adjusted and the temperature of the high-humidity air flow 23 is close to the so-called dew point, dew droplets are generated on the surfaces of the plates 21 and 22 cooled by the air flow. The catcher 20 is not, however, configured to efficiently trap the condensed water aerosol. The partially dried air stream 29 leaves the environmentally clean catcher 20 with unrecovered water aerosol and gaseous water vapor. Since the speed of the natural airflow, which is the factor causing the condensation described here, is quite slow, the condensation is hardly caused.

  Those skilled in the art will appreciate from FIG. 2 and the description referring to it that the passive catcher 20 may be provided with an airflow acceleration mechanism. This air velocity acceleration mechanism may be a converging nozzle and / or propeller, improving the efficiency of recovery of the condensed water aerosol.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the water condensing device 30 into which the high-humidity airflow 33 flows, and is configured according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The water condensing engine 30 has fixed wing-like curved plates 31 that act on the incoming airflow and create vortices to create a high-speed spin vortex 32. Furthermore, the newly entering high-humidity air flow 33 creates a new circular vortex in the same place. Assuming that the incoming high-humidity airflow 33 is stratified, the generation of vortices in this boosting manner results in the creation of a high-speed spin vortex 32. There is a pressure distribution inside the vortex 32, the internal pressure is low, and the external pressure is high. Part of the air trapped in the high-speed spin vortex 32 is accelerated by this vortex and depressurized. When the pressure drops in the adiabatic state for a part of the air, the temperature of the part of the air decreases according to the gas law. Air cooling facilitates the desired water-vapor to water-aerosol condensation.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the square tube converging nozzle 400. The square tube converging nozzle 400 is arranged along the path of the incoming airflow 44 toward the water condensing device 300 and is configured according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the water condensing engine 300 is not described in detail. Specifically, the water condensing engine 300 may be similar to the water condensing device 20 in FIG. 2 or the water condensing device 30 in FIG.

  Preferably, the wall 48 of the square tube 400 has a wing-like streamlined profile, and the open ends (inlet 410 and outlet 420) of the square tube 400 have substantially different diameters 401 and 402. doing. By using the converging wall 48 having a wing-like outer shape whose thickness changes, it is possible to prevent unnecessary turbulence from occurring. A flow of high-humidity airflow 44 enters from the inlet 410 of the square tube nozzle 400 having a large diameter 401 and exits from a narrow throat-like outlet 420 having a small diameter 402. By having a wing-like streamlined outer shape 48 and a sufficient length 49 between both ends 410 and 420, the air flow can be formed in layers.

The small diameter 402 is large enough not to be a substantial brake for the incoming airflow 44. According to the continuity equation, the airflow at 45 points through the throat outlet 420 with the small diameter 402 has a faster velocity than the airflow at 46 points near the inlet 410 with the larger diameter 401. . Therefore, assuming that the gas is an incompressible gas, the speed of the airflow is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. For example, if the diameter of the inlet 410 is three times the diameter 402 of the throat outlet 420, the speed of the flowing air at 45 points is 3 times the speed of the flowing air at 46 points. ² = 9 times. Accordingly, the rectangular tube nozzle 400 can provide a high-speed air flow 47 that is desired when being introduced into the water condensing device 300.

  The square tube converging nozzle 400 itself can also serve as a water condensing mechanism.

  According to Bernoulli's theorem, the static pressure P decreases in the accelerated part of the airflow. According to the Clapeyron-Mendeleev's law in a virtual ideal gas, the Gayrussac's law holds for a low-speed air flow that is approximated as an incompressible gas, that is, an equal volume process, and P / T = Const (where , P is the static pressure and T is the absolute temperature of the gas portion). This means that, when the ideal gas law is applied, if the static pressure P decreases, the absolute temperature T of the gas portion decreases correspondingly. The reduced temperature T can cause the desired water condensation. The exothermic water condensation process is a non-equilibrium process where the condensed water and its surroundings are warmed. For this reason, even if the air of this part is still high humidity, the temperature of the part of the accelerated airflow will not be lower than the dew point. Here, the dew point itself decreases as the humidity of the air decreases.

  In general, when trying to explain the acceleration of a portion of an air stream in a substantially adiabatic process, we apply the law of conservation of energy in a real gas that creates friction due to fluid resistance and viscosity, rather than a virtual ideal gas. It is good to do. Therefore, airflow inertia is used for airflow convergence and acceleration. Assume that a portion of the focused gas flows substantially horizontally (ie, there is no change in potential energy for that portion of the gas in the Earth's gravitational field). Then, a part of the gas is accelerated, so that a part of the internal thermal energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the part of the gas. Assuming that the corrected turbulence and resistance are proportional to the cross-sectional area of the member that changes the direction of the airflow, the resistance due to surface friction derived from viscosity is proportional to the surface area that the airflow strikes, and the airflow defined as the inertia of a portion of the airflow It can be assumed that the positive effect due to acceleration is proportional to the volume of the converged air. The aforementioned cross-sectional area and surface area increase in proportion to the square of the length of the convergence system, and the aforementioned volume increases in proportion to the cube of the length of the convergence system. This means that if the dimensions of the device (especially the size of the outlet 420) are sufficiently large, the positive effect described above will be substantially higher than the negative effect. If the negative effect described above, which has the effect of reducing the speed of a portion of the airflow, is lower than the acceleration effect, the outflowing airflow is accelerated and cooled as a result.

  Based on the description with reference to FIG. 4, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the configuration of the square tube nozzle 400 can be interpreted as a wing-like plate and arranged helically around the horizontal axis 100.

  For those skilled in the art, based on the description with reference to FIG. 4, it is possible for those skilled in the art to spray the cooled airflow 47 on other objects disposed outside the rectangular tube nozzle 400 or to use the airflow 47 to cool them. It will be self-evident.

  However, when accelerating the inflowing airflow, it may not always be practical to apply the rectangular tube nozzle 400 having a large cross-sectional area of the inlet 410. It is easy to construct a square tube nozzle 400 that is wide (for example, the diameter 401 of the inlet 410 is 30 m and the diameter of the throat outlet 420 is 1 m) and can withstand substantially strong winds. It is neither economical nor economical.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a set 500 of linearly cascaded square tubes 510, 520 and 530. The square tubes 510, 520, and 530 have open ends (inflow ports 511, 521, and 531 and throat-shaped outflow ports 512, 522, and 532), respectively. The diameter 501 of the inlets 511, 521, 531 is substantially different from the diameter 502 of the throat-like outlets 512, 522, 532. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this series configuration operates as an airflow convergence and water condensing engine when a high humidity airflow 54 flows in. The high-humidity airflow 54 enters from the inlet 511 of the square tube 510 having a large diameter 501 and exits from the throat-shaped outlet 512 having a smaller diameter 502.

  Furthermore, a part of the high-humidity air flow 54 flows around the square tube 510 to form an external air flow 517.

  In addition, both airflows (inner airflow 516 coming out of the narrow throat outlet 512 and outer airflow 517) enter the cascaded square tube 520. The square tube 520 converts both the internal airflow 516 and the external airflow 517 into an airflow 526. The airflow 526 exits from the narrow throat outlet 522 of the square tube 520 and has a velocity about twice that of the airflow 516. The next square tube 530 introduces a new air stream 54 from the outer side 527 to generate a further accelerated air stream 536. The cross-sectional area of the airflow 536 is the same as the cross-sectional area of the narrow throat-like outlet 532 of the square tube 530, and the velocity is about three times the velocity of the airflow 516.

  In order to converge most of the airflow, it has been found preferable to use a relatively small set of square tubes in series rather than one large square tube. This provides at least the following advantages. First, it is reasonably feasible because there is no need to build impractically large sized nozzles, and second, the negative effects of surface friction resistance due to resistance and viscosity are substantial. It has been found to decrease.

  Therefore, a large number of naturally existing warm and high-humidity airflows can be converged by a plurality of square tubes having such a series structure to form a high-speed thin airflow. Since the speed of the airflow obtained is high, this airflow is cooled, and it becomes possible to collect the condensed water with high productivity.

  Based on the description with reference to FIG. 5 above, it is possible according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention to place the water condensing device 300 linearly behind a set 500 of square tubes in a series configuration. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

  It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based on the description with reference to FIG. 5 above, it is possible to implement a focusing system by arranging various modified square tubes in series. Similarly, it is possible to change the set of square tubes 500 having a straight structure in a straight line to form a continuous plate arranged around the horizontal axis 100 in a coil shape. This is arranged in a spiral shape along the outer shape of the Archimedean screw described below with reference to FIG. 7a.

  It is obvious to those skilled in the art that, based on the description with reference to FIG. 5 described above, it is possible to increase the productivity by using the very high kinetic energy of the resulting airflow for the power recovery by the wind turbine. Will. The air current is then recovered by the deployed wind turbine and the net result is that the wind turbine converts some of both the mechanical energy and the internal thermal energy that the air stream originally has.

  FIG. 6 a is a schematic view of an assembly 601 of the airflow convergence system 661. The assembly 601 includes a set of square tubes arranged in series and a wind turbine 811 that converts a portion of the kinetic energy of the airflow 668 into electrical energy and is constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The wind turbine 811 includes a wing-like plate 812 attached to a plate holding mechanism 813. In this configuration, the wing-like plate 812 is rotated by a portion 668 of the airflow that is converged and has a narrow cross-sectional area. If desired, the wind turbine 811 may be stored in a cylindrical housing 814. This prevents the cross-sectional area of the airflow 668 from increasing, thereby preventing the airflow 668 from slowing down, and the wing-like plate 812 can be rotated by the inertia of the high-speed airflow 668.

  In order to rotate the plate holding mechanism 813 slowly but strongly, the wing-like plate 812 preferably has a large area so as to substantially follow the airflow 668 flowing at high speed. The airflow convergence system 601 and the assembly 601 of the wind turbine 811 have the following main advantages. In other words, from the point of view of energy conservation law, the increased kinetic energy is obtained by the consumption of the internal thermal energy of a portion of the converged airflow. This is because the wind turbine 811 obtains its driving force not only from the kinetic energy originally possessed by the atmosphere converged thereafter, but also from the additionally obtained kinetic energy. I mean. For this reason, the expected production for a wind turbine 811 rotated by a high-speed airflow 668 as compared to a wind turbine having a large front opening that also utilizes a naturally occurring airflow but without converging it. The property can be substantially improved.

  FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of an aggregate 602 of the airflow convergence system. The airflow focusing system assembly 602 includes a set of rectangular tubes 663 arranged in series and having an unintended structure and a wind turbine 811 capable of converting a part of the kinetic energy of the flowing airflow 669 into electrical energy. And is constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The main characteristic of the converging system 663 is that the front surface 64 of the converged airflow is in an effectively higher position relative to the ground compared to the outflow airflow 669 impinging on the plate 812 of the turbine 811. Therefore, the following phenomenon occurs, that is, both the convergence in the horizontal direction and the direction change in the vertical direction of the converged airflow 64 occur. According to Bernoulli's principle, airflow acceleration is accompanied by both a decrease in static pressure and a decrease in potential energy in the Earth's gravitational field. Thus, according to the energy conservation law, the increase in kinetic energy of the airflow portion 64 is obtained by the consumption of both the internal thermal energy of the airflow portion 64 and the potential energy in the gravitational field. Thus, the wind turbine 811 is expected to be able to produce substantially more power compared to a wind turbine having a wide front opening, utilizing the naturally occurring air flow as is rather than the converged air flow 64. In this way, by using an asymmetric square tube with a straight series structure, the use of potential energy in the gravitational field of airflow is aimed at, and an impractical high column is introduced to flow the airflow downward. A further advantage can be achieved that there is no need.

  Based on the above description with reference to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the method of converting internal thermal energy and potential energy in the gravitational field into additional kinetic energy can be applied to any gas or liquid that originally has inertial energy. Will be obvious to those skilled in the art. For example, this method can be used to converge a water flow for driving a hydro turbine for the purpose of producing electricity.

  FIG. 6 c is a schematic diagram of an assembly 603 that includes a convergence system 661 and a wind turbine 811. Similar to the assembly 601 described in FIG. 6a, but a conventional propeller 665 is used at the inlet of the converging system and is constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The conventional propeller 665 generates an air flow due to energy consumption. Specifically, the consumed energy may be electric power, or may be energy obtained by combustion of fuel and used as an equivalent of electric power. The airflow 616 generated and accelerated by the conventional propeller 665 becomes an airflow 616 that takes in a portion 617 of the airflow outside the Coanda effect. Furthermore, the air portion 617 is also converged and accelerated. Considering a conventional propeller 665 with sufficient strength and a relatively large converging system 661, and considering that the energy associated with the airflow is proportional to the cube of the velocity of the airflow, the renewable internal heat of the air Using energy to make the energy consumed substantially lower than the energy recovered by the wind turbine 811 is a situation that is practically achievable.

  Based on the foregoing description with reference to FIG. 6c, the internal thermal energy is converted to additional kinetic energy in a system that creates a gas or liquid flow using a propeller driven in a conventional manner, It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a method of converting to electrical energy can be applied. Further, based on the description with reference to FIG. 6c, a method of converting the internal thermal energy into additional kinetic energy and condensing water vapor as a trigger to obtain water aerosol and water droplets is a conventional method. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be applied to a system that creates a high-humidity airflow using a propeller driven by a motor.

  FIG. 7a is a schematic side view, cut-out schematic view, and schematic isometric view of coiled wings 71 arranged along the outline of an Archimedes screw, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. ing. A classic Archimedes screw (not shown) is such a screw that can take a viscous gas or liquid from its surroundings as it rotates about its longitudinal axis and vice versa. When exposed to a gas or liquid stream, the screw rotates. The coiled wing 71 shown in the figure has the characteristics of the aforementioned Archimedes screw, and on the other hand, it also has the characteristics of a square tube that converts the opposed airflow described with reference to FIG. doing. When the entire configuration of the coiled blade 71 is viewed, it is asymmetric about the longitudinal axis, and thus, a desired rotation can be imparted to the opposed airflow. The use of the coiled wing 71 for the following exemplary applications provides major advantages.

  First, the coiled wing 71 can act as a series of fixed square tubes in a straight line and is implemented to recover water from the air as described with reference to FIG. Can be exposed to high humidity airflow.

  Secondly, the coiled wing 71 can be used as a fixed convergence system for accelerating natural airflow or water flow to increase the efficiency of the turbine generator. The turbine generator is, for example, described with reference to FIG. 6a.

  Third, if the coiled blade 71 can freely rotate around the holding shaft 75 in the longitudinal direction, it can be used as a turbine generator for power generation. Compared to the above-described aggregate 601 (FIG. 6a), which is preferably long in the airflow propagation direction, the power generation system that introduces the shape of the coiled wing 71 is more compact. This is because the coiled wing 71 plays both the role of a converging system and the role of a rotating plate.

  Fourth, the coiled wing 71 is forcibly rotated about its longitudinal holding shaft 75 and can therefore be used as an engine for taking in gas or liquid. Compared to the classic Archimedes screw, the coiled wing 71 converges and accelerates the airflow and liquid flow taken in by rotation, and as a result, the accelerated airflow or liquid flow is caused by the surrounding gas or Draw liquid. Thereby, engine productivity can be substantially improved by consuming the internal heat energy of the converged gas or liquid. Such an engine serves as a take-up propeller and can save substantial fuel when applied to a vehicle (eg, car, ship, submarine or airplane).

  Fifth, the coiled wing 71 serves as a wing-like member fixedly attached to a vehicle (eg, an airplane or a helicopter), and can improve the flight characteristics of the vehicle.

  Sixth, the coiled wing 71 is forcibly rotated about the holding shaft 75 in the longitudinal direction, and by orienting it in the vertical direction (not shown), air on the upper side is taken in. The airflow can be accelerated downward. That is, it can be used as a lift engine. Unlike the Leonardo da Vinci helicopter, which has a lift engine that captures air with a classic Archimedes screw, the proposed lift engine captures and converges the airflow with a coiled wing 71 oriented vertically. There are characteristics. By converging the airflow, the internal thermal energy of the warm atmosphere and the potential energy of the atmosphere in the earth's gravitational field can be converted into the kinetic energy of the airflow flowing downward.

  Seventh, in a form including two coiled wings 71 and 72 that can be combined into a linear assembly 70 as shown in FIG. (I.e., the coiled wing 71 serves as an intake-converging propeller 77), while the coiled wing 72 is moved with its longitudinal holding shaft 76. It can be used as a wind turbine for generating electric power in a freely rotating state as a center (that is, the coiled blades 72 serve as a wind turbine 78 having a converging plate 79). In this case, the airflow impinging on the wind turbine 78 having the converging plate 79 is accelerated on the one hand by the consumption of power by the intake-converging propeller and on the other hand by converging (ie by conversion of the internal heat energy of the airflow). . Taking into account a sufficiently strong uptake-converging propeller 77 and relatively large coiled blades 71 and 72 and taking into account that the energy associated with the airflow is proportional to the cube of the velocity of the airflow, it is recovered by the wind turbine 78. It is practically achievable that more energy is consumed than the energy consumed by the intake-converging propeller 77. For this reason, the net efficiency of the power produced by the linear assembly 70 is positive.

  Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the coiled wing described above can be applied to any system using gas or liquid mechanical energy and internal thermal energy based on the description with reference to FIGS. 7a and 7b. .

  The exemplary embodiments, which are outlined below, are given solely for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the present invention and are interpreted as an unnecessary narrow interpretation of the scope of the claims set forth below. It is not stipulated in. It is anticipated that one skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, or modifications to the embodiments taught herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims (17)

A water-aerosol environmentally clean passive catcher,
The streamlined wing-like plate of the passive catcher is defined as a configuration having a spatial extent that forms an asymmetrical streamlined profile,
The upper side of the outer shape is longer than the lower side of the outer shape,
The passive catcher comprises a set of at least two asymmetrically arranged fixed wing-like plates;
The wing-like plate is exposed to a high humidity air stream carrying saturated water vapor,
The asymmetrically disposed wing-like plate is oriented to receive the high-humidity airflow and locally change the traveling direction and shape of a portion of the airflow,
The shape changes as the cross-sectional area of the airflow changes,
A part of the airflow that reaches the wing-like plate is locally accelerated by the change in the direction and the change in the cross-sectional area,
According to Bernoulli's theorem, the local acceleration is accompanied by a decrease in local static pressure,
According to the law of gas, the decrease in static pressure is accompanied by a local temperature decrease,
The local temperature drop causes aggregation from the saturated water vapor to water-aerosols and dew drops,
A passive catcher in which the dew drops are collected on the surface of the asymmetrically arranged wing-like plate. The water-aerosol environmentally clean passive catcher of claim 1, comprising:
At least two of the asymmetrically arranged wing-like plates are further curved, thereby boosting the generation of vortices by a portion of the reaching airflow,
A passive catcher whose static pressure is reduced by the vortex. A fluid converging assembly that is exposed to opposing fluids,
The fluid converging assembly comprises at least two opposing wing-like plates;
Lift is defined as the action from the fluid striking the streamlined wing,
The at least two opposing wing-like plates are arranged such that the fluid acts as the lift in each of the at least two opposing wing-like plates;
The lift acts in the opposite direction so that the at least two opposing wing-like plates are separated from each other;
In accordance with Newton's third law, the opposed wing-like plates act on the fluid such that the fluid has a narrow cross-sectional area as a whole, whereby the assembly converges the fluid. An assembly for converging the fluid of claim 3,
The assembly is an assembly in which the fluid is at least one of an air stream and a water stream. A fluid converging device that is exposed to an opposing fluid;
The streamlined wing of the fluid converging device is defined as a configuration having a spatial extension that forms an asymmetrical streamlined profile,
The upper side of the outer shape is longer than the lower side of the outer shape,
The lift acting on the streamlined wing-like plate by the fluid is upward,
The fluid converging device includes at least one streamlined wing in a wound state,
The wound streamlined wing is wound at least once around the coil axis that is substantially in the same direction as the direction of the opposing fluid;
The wound streamlined wing is configured such that the lower side of the streamlined wing-like plate is converted to the coil axis,
The rolled streamlined wing converges the opposing fluid to the coil axis. The fluid converging device according to claim 5,
The streamlined wing in the wound state is wound at least once so as to have one of a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a spiral shape, and an Archimedean spiral shape,
The device is such that the outer shape of the streamlined wing in the wound state is the outer shape of an Archimedes screw. The fluid converging device according to claim 5,
The wound streamlined wing further includes at least one branch member. The fluid converging device according to claim 5,
The fluid converging device further includes a propeller driven by at least one of combustion fuel and electricity,
The opposing fluid is a high humidity air stream,
The high-humidity airflow is generated by the propeller,
Convergence of the airflow by the rolled streamlined wing results in the following phenomenon:
The converged fluid is accelerated according to a continuity formula;
The static pressure of the fluid decreases according to Bernoulli's theorem,
The internal thermal energy of the fluid decreases according to the energy conservation law,
Thus, cooling the fluid causes an aggregation of water vapor to at least one of water-aerosol and dew drops. An assembly that is exposed to opposing fluids,
The assembly converts part of both the kinetic energy and internal thermal energy of the opposing fluid into electrical energy,
The assembly includes a fluid focusing device and a turbine generator,
The turbine generator includes a plate that is rotated by the opposing fluid and is capable of extracting electrical energy from the kinetic energy of the opposing fluid;
The fluid converging device has a set of horn-tubes having a series structure, and the set has at least two horn-tubes having the series structure, the horn-tube having the series structure. Has the shape of a converging nozzle having two inlet ends, an inlet and an outlet, and a variable cross-sectional area,
The series-structured square tube is oriented so that a part of the opposing fluid enters from the inlet and proceeds through the series-structured square tube to the outlet.
The outlet of the set is defined as the last outlet in the direction of fluid travel;
The first front surface is defined as the front surface of the opposing fluid before it is converged,
The effective inlet area is defined as the area of the first front surface of the portion of the fluid that enters the square tube in the series structure;
The throat portion of the series-structured square tube is defined as part of the series-structured square tube set, the part having the smallest value in the varying cross-sectional area, and the throat The difference between the minimum cross-sectional area of the shaped part and the cross-sectional area of the effective inlet is at least twice,
As the cross section of the square tube having the series structure converges, the cross section of the fluid of a part of the fluid decreases, and particularly leads to the following phenomenon:
(1) The speed and density of the fluid increases, and the cross-sectional area of the fluid decreases so as to be inversely proportional to the product of the fluid speed and density values according to the continuity formula;
(2) According to Bernoulli's theorem, the static pressure of a portion of the accelerated fluid decreases,
(3) A part of the internal thermal energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the fluid, thereby increasing the kinetic energy of a portion of the fluid according to the law of conservation of energy,
further,
A portion of the accelerated fluid drives the turbine generator plate;
The turbine generator converts a portion of the increased kinetic energy of the fluid into recovered electrical energy;
An assembly wherein, for a portion of the opposing fluid prior to convergence, a portion of both kinetic energy and internal thermal energy is net converted to electrical energy recovered by the turbine generator. The assembly of claim 9, wherein
The height of the cross section is defined as the mean value of the sea level for all points of the cross section,
The potential energy in the gravitational field of a part of the fluid is defined as a kind of energy that the part of the fluid has in the earth's gravitational field,
The series of square tube sets are constructed and arranged so that the height of the section of the first front surface of the portion of the fluid is higher than the height of the section of the outlet of the set, and thus Bernoulli's theorem And the portion of the fluid at the outlet of the set has a faster velocity and lower gravitational field potential energy than the portion of the fluid at the first front surface,
The assembly converts a portion of the gravitational field potential energy into electrical energy as a net for a portion of the fluid before being converged and redirected. The assembly of claim 9, wherein
The opposing fluid is a renewable airflow in the natural world that flows around and through the aggregate;
The turbine generator is a wind turbine. The assembly of claim 9, wherein
The opposing fluid is a renewable water stream in the natural world that flows around and through the aggregate;
The turbine generator is an assembly, which is a hydro turbine. The assembly of claim 9, wherein
The set of square tubes of the serial structure is a continuous plate arranged along the outer shape of the Archimedes screw, spirally wound around the coil axis,
The spirally wound plate is wound so that a substantial free space remains between the unbroken plate and the coil shaft,
The cross-sectional area of the free space is an assembly that varies along the coil axis. The assembly of claim 9, wherein
The assembly further includes a propeller driven by at least one of combustion fuel and electricity,
The opposing fluid is produced by the propeller;
The aggregate, wherein the net efficiency of the electrical energy produced by the aggregate is defined by the difference between the energy recovered by the turbine generator and the energy consumed by the propeller. A converging screw,
The streamlined wing-like plate of the converging screw is defined as a configuration having a spatial extent that forms an untargeted streamlined profile,
The upper side of the outer shape is longer than the lower side of the outer shape,
The lift acting on the streamlined wing-like plate by the fluid is upward,
The converging screw includes at least one holding shaft and a streamlined wing-like plate attached to the holding shaft and wound.
The wound wing-like plate is wound at least once around the holding shaft so that the outer shape of the spiral plate follows the outer shape of the Archimedes screw,
The wound wing-like plate is configured such that the lower side of the streamlined wing-like plate is directed to the holding shaft,
The wing-like plate in the rolled state is wound so that a substantial free space remains between the wing-like plate in the rolled state and the holding shaft,
A converging screw, wherein the cross-sectional area of the free space varies along the holding axis. The converging screw of claim 15,
The rolled streamlined wing-like plate can be forced to rotate around the holding shaft,
The rotation is driven by at least one of combustion fuel and electricity,
The converging screw is used to take in surrounding materials;
The surrounding material is at least one of a gas and a liquid;
A portion taken by the converging screw for at least one of the gas and liquid forms a fluid through the free space having the varying cross-sectional area;
The fluid is converged and accelerated;
The convergence and acceleration are accompanied by further uptake of the surrounding material by the Coanda effect,
A converging screw, wherein the uptake productivity is improved as a result of consumption of internal heat energy of the converged fluid according to energy conservation laws. The converging screw of claim 15,
The rolled streamlined wing-like plate can be forced to rotate around the holding shaft,
The rotation is driven by surrounding opposing fluids;
The fluid is at least one of an air stream and a water stream;
A portion of the fluid forms a fluid through the free space having the varying cross-sectional area;
The fluid is converged;
The convergence involves a partial conversion from internal thermal energy to additional kinetic energy for a portion of the fluid according to energy conservation laws,
The convergence screw is used in a turbine generator for power generation,
The turbine generator converts a portion of the increased kinetic energy of the fluid into recovered electrical energy;
A converging screw, wherein a portion of both kinetic energy and internal thermal energy is net converted into electrical energy recovered by the turbine generator for a portion of the opposing fluid prior to convergence.