CN113063910B - Drop well on-line monitoring early warning system - Google Patents
Drop well on-line monitoring early warning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113063910B CN113063910B CN202110294871.9A CN202110294871A CN113063910B CN 113063910 B CN113063910 B CN 113063910B CN 202110294871 A CN202110294871 A CN 202110294871A CN 113063910 B CN113063910 B CN 113063910B
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Abstract
The invention provides an online monitoring and early warning system for a drop well, which comprises a drop well body, wherein a water inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the drop well body, and a water outlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the side wall opposite to the water inlet pipe; further comprising: a water quality monitoring sensor for monitoring the sewage quality condition for monitor the gas monitoring sensor that the this internal harmful gas condition of drop well generated the signal of telecommunication, be used for monitoring the infrared reflection sensor of well lid condition, with the controller that three sensor is connected, with alarm device and locator that the controller is connected for provide the battery of electric energy, and utilize sewage rivers energy electricity generation and right the hydroelectric generation device that the battery charges. The invention can simultaneously monitor the water quality condition of sewage, the condition of harmful gas in the well and the condition of the well lid in real time by utilizing self-sufficient energy, and can alarm in time when the unfavorable conditions are monitored, thereby achieving the purposes of protecting the environment, maintaining the safety of pipelines and maintaining the safety of the well lid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage monitoring, in particular to an online monitoring and early warning system for a drop well.
Background
The sewage pipeline system consists of pipelines for collecting and conveying urban sewage and accessory structures thereof. The sewage flows into the main pipe from the branch pipe, then flows into the main pipe and finally flows into a sewage treatment plant. The pipelines are distributed from small to large like rivers and are in a tree shape. The sewage flows in the pipeline from high to low by the water level difference at two ends of the pipeline, namely, the sewage flows by gravity. At present, in the design and construction of engineering projects, a sewage drainage system usually utilizes a drop well to solve the energy dissipation problem of drainage of overlarge gravity flow of height difference. In mountain cities, the application of drop wells is particularly common due to the large terrain drop, the drop height of a sewage well is usually 1 to 6 meters, the existing water flow energy has high utilization value, and the utilization of the energy is rare at present.
As the sewage pipeline is buried underground, the distribution is wide and complicated, if the water quality condition of the discharged sewage cannot be effectively monitored in time, the behavior of stealing and discharging the sewage by industrial enterprises is very easy to occur, and the phenomena that downstream pipeline facilities cannot normally operate and the environment is polluted are caused. According to the current regulation of urban drainage pipeline detection and evaluation technical specification, the more critical regulation is that the detection is taken as an important ring for drainage pipeline management. However, the real-time monitoring device for monitoring the sewage water body in recent years has complex structure, high cost and large energy consumption, and cannot be widely popularized.
Toxic and harmful gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and the like exist in the sewage pipeline, and the phenomena of poisoning, explosion and the like are often caused. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the gas in the sewage pipeline in real time so as to give an early warning in time, thereby avoiding the poisoning and explosion of the downhole personnel. However, although the gas in the sewage pipeline can be monitored online at present, the gas has an economic problem of power consumption, and cannot be effectively popularized in economically undeveloped areas.
In addition, in a sewage discharge system, the phenomena of losing and damaging a sewage well lid are still quite common, because the accidents of injuring people caused by losing or damaging the well lid are rare, and the life safety and the public order of people are adversely affected.
Therefore, how to monitor the quality of sewage, the gas condition in the well and the condition of the well lid in the sewage discharge system in real time, and can give an early warning in time and overcome the problem of energy supply at the same time becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an online monitoring and early warning system for a drop well, which can monitor the condition of sewage quality, the condition of harmful gas in the well and the condition of the well cover in real time, and can give an early warning in time when the unfavorable condition is monitored so as to achieve the purposes of protecting the environment and maintaining the safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an online monitoring and early warning system for a drop well, which comprises a drop well body, wherein a water inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the drop well body, and a water outlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the side wall opposite to the water inlet pipe; further comprising:
the water quality monitoring sensor is arranged in the water inlet pipe and used for monitoring the condition of the sewage quality and generating an electric signal;
the gas monitoring sensor is arranged at the middle lower part of the drop well body and is used for monitoring the condition of harmful gas in the drop well body and generating an electric signal;
the infrared reflection sensor is arranged at the middle lower part of the drop well body and used for monitoring the well cover condition and generating an electric signal;
the controller is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the water quality monitoring sensor, the gas monitoring sensor and the infrared reflection sensor, and is used for judging whether the sewage quality is normal, whether harmful gas in the drop well exceeds the standard or not and whether the drop well cover is intact or not according to the three electric signals and generating an alarm signal;
the alarm device is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the controller, and is used for giving an alarm according to the alarm signal;
the positioner is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the controller, and the positioner is used for positioning the drop well;
the storage battery is arranged in the drop well body and used for supplying power to the water quality monitoring sensor, the gas monitoring sensor, the infrared reflection sensor, the controller, the alarm device and the positioner;
the small hydroelectric generation device is arranged in the drop well body and close to the water inlet pipe, and the hydroelectric generation device generates electricity by utilizing the energy of sewage flow and charges the storage battery.
Further, a receiving port of the infrared reflection sensor judges whether reflected infrared rays are received or not, and if yes, the well lid is judged to be intact; if not, judging whether the reflected infrared rays are received again after 30 minutes, if so, judging that the well lid is intact, otherwise, judging that the well lid is not intact.
The pressure sensor is arranged between the well cover of the drop well and the well base and used for detecting the pressure condition of the well cover to the well base and generating an electric signal;
the controller is connected with the pressure sensor, and when the infrared reflection sensor monitors that the well cover of the drop well is not intact, the infrared reflection sensor enters the pressure sensor to detect;
the controller judges whether the pressure is smaller than a preset threshold value or not according to the electric signal generated by the pressure sensor, if so, the controller judges that the well lid is lost and generates a well lid loss alarm signal, and if not, the controller judges that the well lid is damaged and generates a well lid damage alarm signal;
the alarm device is used for giving an alarm according to the alarm signal of the lost/damaged well lid.
Furthermore, the hydroelectric generation device comprises two water turbine generator sets with the same structure, wherein the first water turbine generator set is arranged in parallel to the water inlet pipe, and the second water turbine generator set is arranged perpendicular to the water inlet pipe;
the water turbine of the first water turbine generator set is positioned below and in front of the water outlet of the water inlet pipe and generates power by utilizing the kinetic energy of sewage flow; and the water turbine of the second water turbine generator set is positioned below the water turbine of the first water turbine generator set and generates power by utilizing the gravitational potential energy of falling sewage.
Further, a vertical guide plate for separating the water inlet pipe from the water outlet pipe is arranged in the drop well body; the vertical guide plate divides the upper part of the drop well body into two chambers, wherein a first chamber is arranged between the vertical guide plate and the side wall of the drop well body with the water inlet pipe, and a second chamber is arranged between the vertical guide plate and the side wall of the drop well body with the water outlet pipe;
in the first water turbine generator set, a first water turbine is positioned in the first cavity, a first generator is positioned in the second cavity, and a first transmission shaft transversely penetrates through the vertical guide plate;
in the second hydroelectric generating set, the second generator set is arranged above the water inlet pipe, the second water turbine is arranged below the first water turbine, and the second transmission shaft is vertically arranged in the first cavity and is arranged between the water inlet pipe and the first water turbine.
Furthermore, a first transmission shaft of the first water turbine generator set is connected with the vertical guide plate through a wooden plug in a rotatable and sealed mode.
Furthermore, the water inlet pipe is arranged at the upstream end of the water quality monitoring sensor and is provided with a filter screen for filtering sundries.
Further, the index that water quality monitoring sensor monitoring sewage includes: pH value, water temperature, suspended matters, DO, COD, soluble solids, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite.
Further, the gas monitoring sensor monitors the gas index and comprises: oxygen concentration, methane gas concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, hydrogen sulfide gas concentration.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the on-line monitoring and early warning system for the drop well can monitor the condition of the quality of sewage, the condition of harmful gas in the well and the condition of the well cover in real time, and can give an alarm in time when the unfavorable condition is monitored, so that the aims of protecting the environment, maintaining the safety of pipelines and maintaining the safety of the well cover are fulfilled.
2. The invention utilizes the structural characteristics of the drop well to convert the energy of the sewage flow into useful electric energy to supply energy to each power consumption component of the on-line monitoring and early warning system, thereby realizing the self-generation and self-use of the energy without additional energy input, and further achieving the purposes of environmental protection, energy saving and convenient popularization.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an online monitoring and early warning system for a drop well according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hydroelectric power generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection principle of an infrared reflection sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection principle of the pressure sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of monitoring a manhole cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals
1-drop well body; 2-water inlet pipe; 3-water outlet pipe; 4-water quality monitoring sensor; 5-a gas monitoring sensor; 6-infrared reflection sensor; 7-a controller; 8-an alarm device; 9-a locator; 10-a storage battery; 11-a hydroelectric power generation device; 12-a vertical baffle; 13-a first chamber; 14-a second chamber; 15-a first hydro-generator set; 16-a second hydro-generator set; 17-a mounting table; 18-a well cover; 19-a reflective sheet; 20-a pressure sensor; 21-well seat; 22-a wire; 23-filter screen.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clearly understood, the following further detailed description of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings makes it clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not an exhaustive list of all the embodiments. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, an on-line monitoring and early warning system for a drop well includes a drop well body 1, a water inlet pipe 2 is disposed on an upper portion of a sidewall of the drop well body, and a water outlet pipe 3 is disposed on a lower portion of the sidewall opposite to the water inlet pipe 2. Sewage flows in from inlet tube 2, flows out from outlet pipe 3, and drop well body 1 solves the energy dissipation problem of the too big gravity flow drainage of difference in height, avoids excessively erodeing the pipeline and causes the pipeline wearing and tearing serious.
The on-line monitoring and early warning system for the drop well provided by the invention further comprises: the device comprises a water quality monitoring sensor 4, a gas monitoring sensor 5, an infrared reflection sensor 6, a controller 7, an alarm device 8, a positioner 9, a storage battery 10 and a hydroelectric generation device 11.
Referring to fig. 1, a water quality monitoring sensor 4 is disposed in the water inlet pipe 2 for monitoring the water quality of the sewage and generating an electrical signal. The gas monitoring sensor 5 is arranged at the middle lower part of the drop well body 1 and used for monitoring the condition of harmful gas in the drop well and generating an electric signal. Infrared reflection sensor 6 sets up in drop well body 1 middle and lower part for the monitoring well lid condition generates the signal of telecommunication. In order to filter impurities mixed in the sewage, the water inlet pipe 2 is provided with a filter screen 23 for filtering impurities at the upstream end of the water quality monitoring sensor 4.
The controller 7 is arranged in the drop well body 1 and is connected with the water quality monitoring sensor 4, the gas monitoring sensor 5 and the infrared reflection sensor 6, and the controller 7 is used for judging whether the quality of sewage is normal or not, whether harmful gas in the drop well exceeds the standard or not and whether the well lid of the drop well is intact or not according to electric signals of the three sensors and generating an alarm signal.
The alarm device 8 is arranged in the drop well body 1 and connected with the controller 7 and used for giving an alarm according to an alarm signal of the controller 7, and the alarm device 8 comprises an alarm signal transmitting unit which transmits a signal to a monitoring terminal for giving an alarm.
The positioner 9 is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the controller 7, and is used for positioning the drop well. After the monitoring terminal receives the alarm signal, the drop well is positioned through the positioner 9, the specific position where the alarm occurs is confirmed, and then corresponding measures are made.
The small-sized hydroelectric generation device 11 is arranged in the drop well body 1 and close to the water inlet pipe 2, the hydroelectric generation device 11 generates power by using the energy of sewage flow and charges the storage battery 10, the storage battery 10 is used for supplying power to each power consumption component, and the storage battery 10 is connected with each power consumption component through a lead 22.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 6, the indexes of the water quality monitoring sensor 4 for monitoring sewage in the present invention include: pH value, water temperature, suspended matters, DO, COD, soluble solids, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite. The water quality monitoring sensor 4 generates an electric signal according to the water quality condition, the controller 7 judges whether the water quality of the sewage is normal or not according to the electric signal, when the abnormal water quality of the sewage is monitored, the controller 7 generates an alarm signal, the alarm device 8 gives an alarm according to the alarm signal, an alarm signal transmitting unit of the alarm device transmits the alarm signal to the monitoring terminal for alarming, and meanwhile, the positioner 9 positions the specific position of the drop well. By the above mode, the real-time monitoring of the sewage quality condition is realized, and the purposes of timely early warning and environmental protection are achieved.
The indexes of the gas monitoring sensor 5 for monitoring the gas in the drop well in the invention comprise: oxygen concentration, methane gas concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, hydrogen sulfide gas concentration. The gas monitoring sensor 5 generates an electric signal according to the gas condition in the drop well, the controller 7 judges whether the gas in the well exceeds the standard according to the electric signal, when the gas in the well exceeds the standard, the controller 7 generates an alarm signal, the alarm device 8 gives an alarm according to the alarm signal, an alarm signal transmitting unit of the alarm device transmits the alarm signal to the monitoring terminal for alarming, and meanwhile, the positioner 9 positions the specific position of the drop well. By the aid of the mode, real-time monitoring of gas conditions in the drop well is achieved, and the purposes of timely early warning and maintaining pipeline safety are achieved.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, the infrared reflective sensor 6 of the present invention is used to monitor whether the well lid 18 is intact, specifically, the infrared reflective sensor 6 emits infrared rays to the lower surface of the well lid 18 through the emitting port and reflects the infrared rays back to the bottom of the well through the lower surface of the well lid 18, and the receiving port of the infrared reflective sensor 6 determines whether the reflected infrared rays are received. If yes, the well cover 18 is judged to be intact; if not, judging whether the reflected infrared rays are received again after 30 minutes, if so, judging that the well lid is intact, otherwise, judging that the well lid is not intact. The reason for setting the 30min re-judgment here is to consider the condition of manhole cover worker maintenance, and avoid the condition that the maintenance is misjudged to be that the manhole cover is not intact.
Preferably, in order to prevent the infrared rays from being received by the infrared reflection sensor 6 due to the diffuse reflection on the lower surface of the manhole cover 18, a reflection sheet 19 is fixedly attached to the lower surface of the manhole cover 18 at a position corresponding to the position.
The above-mentioned whether intact principle of infrared reflection sensor 6 monitoring well lid is when the well lid is lost or damage and warp for the infrared ray that shines at the well lid lower surface can't reflect or the normal receiving range of infrared ray skew after the reflection, thereby leads to infrared reflection sensor 6's receiving port can't receive.
After the infrared reflection sensor 6 monitors that the well lid is not intact, the well lid may be lost or damaged, and then the well lid enters the pressure sensor 20 for detection. The pressure sensor 20 is arranged between the well lid 18 and the well seat 21, and at this time, the controller 7 judges whether the pressure is smaller than a preset threshold value according to an electric signal generated by the pressure sensor. If yes, judging that the well lid is lost and generating a well lid loss alarm signal; if not, judging that the well lid is damaged and generating a well lid damage alarm signal. An alarm signal transmitting unit of the alarm device 8 transmits the alarm signal to a monitoring terminal for alarming, and meanwhile, a locator 9 locates the specific position of the drop well. By the aid of the mode, real-time monitoring of the well cover of the drop well is achieved, and the purposes of timely early warning and maintaining the safety of the well cover are achieved.
Referring to fig. 1, in a further technical solution, in order to facilitate installation of the hydraulic power generation device 11 and installation of each electrical component, a vertical guide plate 12 is disposed in the drop well body 1 to separate the water inlet pipe 2 and the water outlet pipe 3. Vertical guide plate 12 separates drop well body 1 upper portion into two cavities, wherein be first cavity 13 between vertical guide plate 12 and the lateral wall that drop well body has the inlet tube, be second cavity 14 between vertical guide plate 12 and the lateral wall that drop well body has the outlet pipe. The first chamber 13 communicates with the lower part of the second chamber 14 for the flow of sewage towards the outlet pipe 3. The hydro-power generation device 11 is mounted within the first chamber 13. The gas sensor 5, the infrared reflection sensor 6, the controller 7, the alarm device 8 and the positioner 9 are arranged in the second chamber 14.
Referring to fig. 2, in detail, the hydraulic power generating device 11 includes two water turbine generators with the same structure, wherein the first water turbine generator 15 is disposed parallel to the water inlet pipe 2, and the second water turbine generator 16 is disposed perpendicular to the water inlet pipe 2. The first water turbine generator set 15 generates power by using kinetic energy of the sewage flow, and the second water turbine generator set 16 generates power by using gravitational potential energy of the falling sewage flow.
In the first water turbine generator set 15, a first water turbine 15a is located in the first cavity 13, a first generator 15c is located in the second cavity 14, a first transmission shaft 15b penetrates through the vertical guide plate 12, and the first transmission shaft 15b is in sealing and rotating connection with the vertical guide plate 12 through a wooden plug 15 d. A generator mounting table 17 (see fig. 1) is arranged at the corresponding position of the upper part of the side wall of the vertical guide plate 12 facing the water outlet pipe 3. The first hydraulic turbine 15a is arranged below and in front of the water outlet of the water inlet pipe 2, i.e. the position of the first transmission shaft 15b is lower than the axis of the water inlet pipe 2. The sewage of the water inlet pipe 2 is obliquely thrown when flowing into the drop well, and the path of the sewage is a curve, so that the first water turbine 15a is arranged below and in front of the water outlet of the water inlet pipe 2, the impact area of the sewage is increased, and the power generation effect is enhanced.
In the second generating set 16, the second generator is arranged above the water inlet pipe 2, the second transmission shaft 16b is vertically arranged and positioned between the water outlet of the water inlet pipe and the first water turbine 15a, and the second water turbine 16a is positioned below the first water turbine 15a and generates power by utilizing the gravitational potential energy of falling sewage.
More preferably, the first water turbine 15a and the second water turbine 15b are both axial-flow Kaplan water wheels, and the blades thereof can be adjusted in angle according to different flow and directions of sewage, so as to improve the power generation efficiency.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (7)
1. An online monitoring and early warning system for a drop well comprises a drop well body, wherein a water inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the drop well body, and a water outlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the side wall opposite to the water inlet pipe; it is characterized by also comprising:
the water quality monitoring sensor is arranged in the water inlet pipe and used for monitoring the condition of the sewage quality and generating an electric signal;
the gas monitoring sensor is arranged at the middle lower part of the drop well body and used for monitoring the condition of harmful gas in the drop well body and generating an electric signal;
the infrared reflection sensor is arranged at the middle lower part of the drop well body and used for monitoring the well cover condition and generating an electric signal;
the controller is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the water quality monitoring sensor, the gas monitoring sensor and the infrared reflection sensor, and is used for judging whether the sewage quality is normal, whether harmful gas in the drop well exceeds the standard or not and whether the drop well cover is intact or not according to the three electric signals and generating an alarm signal;
the alarm device is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the controller, and is used for giving an alarm according to the alarm signal;
the positioner is arranged in the drop well body and connected with the controller, and the positioner is used for positioning the drop well;
the storage battery is arranged in the drop well body and used for supplying power to the water quality monitoring sensor, the gas monitoring sensor, the infrared reflection sensor, the controller, the alarm device and the positioner;
the small hydroelectric generation device is arranged in the drop well body and close to the water inlet pipe, and generates electricity by utilizing the energy of sewage flow and charges the storage battery;
the hydraulic power generation device comprises two water turbine generator sets with the same structure, wherein the first water turbine generator set is arranged in parallel to the water inlet pipe, and the second water turbine generator set is arranged in perpendicular to the water inlet pipe;
the water turbine of the first water turbine generator set is positioned below and in front of the water outlet of the water inlet pipe and generates power by utilizing the kinetic energy of sewage flow; the water turbine of the second water turbine generator set is positioned below the water turbine of the first water turbine generator set and generates power by utilizing the gravitational potential energy of falling sewage;
a vertical guide plate for separating the water inlet pipe from the water outlet pipe is arranged in the drop well body; the vertical guide plate divides the upper part of the drop well body into two cavities, wherein a first cavity is arranged between the vertical guide plate and the side wall of the drop well body with the water inlet pipe, and a second cavity is arranged between the vertical guide plate and the side wall of the drop well body with the water outlet pipe;
in the first water turbine generator set, a first water turbine is positioned in the first cavity, a first generator is positioned in the second cavity, and a first transmission shaft transversely penetrates through the vertical guide plate;
in the second water turbine generator set, a second generator is arranged above the water inlet pipe, a second water turbine is positioned below the first water turbine, and a second transmission shaft is vertically arranged in the first cavity and positioned between the water inlet pipe and the first water turbine;
and a first transmission shaft of the first water turbine generator set is connected with the vertical guide plate in a rotatable and sealed mode through a wooden plug.
2. The on-line monitoring and early warning system for the drop well according to claim 1, characterized in that: the receiving port of the infrared reflection sensor judges whether reflected infrared rays are received or not, and if yes, the well lid is judged to be intact; if not, judging whether the reflected infrared rays are received again after 30 minutes, if so, judging that the well lid is intact, otherwise, judging that the well lid is not intact.
3. The on-line monitoring and early warning system for the drop well according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pressure sensor is arranged between the drop well cover and the well base and used for detecting the pressure condition of the well cover on the well base and generating an electric signal;
the controller is connected with the pressure sensor, and when the infrared reflection sensor monitors that the well cover of the drop well is not intact, the infrared reflection sensor enters the pressure sensor to detect;
the controller judges whether the pressure is smaller than a preset threshold value or not according to the electric signal generated by the pressure sensor, if so, the controller judges that the well lid is lost and generates a well lid loss alarm signal, and if not, the controller judges that the well lid is damaged and generates a well lid damage alarm signal;
and the alarm device gives an alarm according to the well lid loss/damage alarm signal.
4. The on-line monitoring and early warning system for the drop well according to claim 1, characterized in that: the axis of the first water turbine generator set is slightly lower than the axis of the water inlet pipe.
5. The on-line monitoring and early warning system for the drop well according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water inlet pipe is arranged at the upstream end of the water quality monitoring sensor and is provided with a filter screen for filtering sundries.
6. The drop well online monitoring and early warning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the index of water quality monitoring sensor monitoring sewage includes: pH value, water temperature, suspended matters, DO, COD, soluble solids, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite.
7. The drop well online monitoring and early warning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the gas monitoring sensor monitors the indexes of the gas and comprises the following steps: oxygen concentration, methane gas concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, hydrogen sulfide gas concentration.
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