JP2014504199A - 交液流デバイス用のインサイチュでの蒸発器および復熱器 - Google Patents
交液流デバイス用のインサイチュでの蒸発器および復熱器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、運搬用車両にオンボードで配置することが可能な交液流システム(又はオルタネイティングフローシステム)のためのインサイチュ(又は系中)での蒸発器(又はベーパライザ)および熱回収装置に関する。
水蒸気改質を含む多くの工業プロセスでは、化学的な変換(又はコンバージョン)に先立って、液体のフィードストリーム(又は供給物の流れ)(ガソリンもしくは他の液体の炭化水素類、または水等)から蒸気のストリームへの変換(又はコンバージョン)が必要な場合が多い。従来の蒸発器およびボイラでは、非常に大きい熱質量(又はサーマルマス)が求められ、一般には、変動する圧力および温度の変化により過渡運転における働き(又はパフォーマンス)が悪い。移動式の用途(又は適用)については、広い動作ダイナミックレンジ(ターンダウンとして知られるもの)にわたって動作するための過渡的な要件により、蒸気ストリームの取り扱いは困難になり、燃料と酸化剤との間の等量比の制御についての課題を提供する。多くの用途では、この蒸発および混合のプロセスは、精密なマスフローの制御で行われ、広いダイナミックレンジにわたって動作し、かつ熱伝達損失を最小化するために反応器容積内においてインサイチュにあり、圧力降下の損失が小さくなり、そして、このプロセス流体ストリームによる腐食に対して耐性であることが求められる。このため、精密なマスフローの制御を提供し、広い温度および圧力のダイナミックレンジにわたって動作し、熱伝達損失を最小化することが可能であり、圧力降下の損失を小さくし、そして、このプロセス流体ストリームによる腐食に対して耐性を有し得るというニーズが、当該技術の分野において存在する。
本発明は、液体のフィードストリームを気体の蒸気ストリームに変換(又はコンバージョン)するための装置(又はデバイス)に関し、当該装置は、
(a)第1端部および第2端部を有するチャネル手段であって、前記チャネル手段は、前記第1端部と前記第2端部とを接続する複数のチャネルを有し、前記チャネル手段は、実質的に中実(又は固体もしくはソリッド)の領域と空隙(又はボイド)の領域とを有する、チャネル手段と、
(b)前記液体のフィードストリームを前記複数のチャネルの前記第1端部に方向付ける(又は向かわせる)ための入口手段と、
(c)前記複数のチャネルからの前記気体の蒸気ストリームを方向付ける(又は向かわせる)ための出口手段と
を備え、
前記チャネルは、前記入口と前記出口との間の任意の距離xにおいて、前記フィード流れの方向に対して垂直な(又は垂直方向の)、(1)空隙の面積A’(x)と(2)総断面積A(x)とによって特徴付けられる幾何学的な構成(又は配置、形状もしくはコンフィギュレーション)を有し、
前記総面積A(x)の割合(又はフラクション)として前記空隙面積A’(x)は、
装置の長さLに沿う平均空隙率(又は平均ボイドフラクション)は、
前記平均空隙率は、約0.3〜約0.95の範囲である。
本発明は、供給される液体のストリーム(単数または複数)を気体の蒸気ストリームに変換するための装置に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、液体の炭化水素および任意選択により水の混合物が、炭化水素蒸気および任意選択により水蒸気の混合物に変換される循環プロセスにおいて動作する装置(又はデバイス)に関する。1つの特定の用途(又は適用)は、圧力スイング水蒸気改質プロセスにおいて用いるための液体炭化水素および水のストリームの蒸発のためのものである。
ΔTHT=Hv/hv
Claims (21)
- 液体のフィードストリームを気体の蒸気ストリームに変換するための装置であり、
(a)第1端部および第2端部を有するチャネル手段であって、前記チャネル手段は、前記第1端部と前記第2端部とを接続する複数のチャネルを有し、前記チャネル手段は、実質的に中実の領域と空隙の領域とを有する、チャネル手段と、
(b)前記液体のフィードストリームを前記複数のチャネルの前記第1端部に方向付けるための入口手段と、
(c)前記複数のチャネルからの前記気体の蒸気ストリームを方向付けるための出口手段と
を備え、
前記チャネルは、前記入口と前記出口との間の任意の距離dにおいて、前記フィード流れの方向に対して垂直な、(1)空隙の面積A’(x)と(2)チャネルの総断面積A(x)とによって特徴付けられる幾何学的な構成を有し、
前記総面積A(x)の割合として前記空隙面積A’(x)は、
装置の長さLに沿う平均空隙率は、
前記平均空隙率は、約0.3〜約0.95の範囲である、
装置。 - 前記空隙率は、前記装置の前記長さに沿って、前記入口手段における約0.5〜約0.995の範囲の空隙率から、前記出口手段における約0.2〜約0.7の範囲の空隙率まで変化する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記装置の前記長さに沿う前記空隙率の変化は、直線での長さ1インチ当たり、約0.01〜約0.5の範囲の空隙率の減少である、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記変化は、直線での長さ1インチ当たり、約0.15〜約0.35の範囲の空隙率の減少である、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記空隙率は、前記入口手段から前記出口手段にわたって、1よりも多く20よりも少ない数の逐次的な一定の空隙率の領域において減少する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記一定の空隙率の領域の数は、3〜10の範囲である、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記チャネルは、前記入口における約0.1〜約10.0ミリメートルから、前記出口における約0.2〜約0.5ミリメートルの範囲のチャネル水力直径(dH)と、チャネル長とを有することでさらに特徴付けられる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記チャネル水力直径は、前記入口における約0.3〜約5.0ミリメートルから、前記出口における約0.4〜約2.0ミリメートルの範囲である、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記チャネル長に対する前記チャネル水力直径の比は、約0.5〜約10,000である、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記比は、約10〜約5000である、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記比は、約40〜約200である、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記チャネルは、約10in2/in3〜約2000in2/in3の範囲の単位体積当たりの平均表面積(Sv,avg)を有することでさらに特徴付けられる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- Sv,avgは、約20in2/in3〜約1000in2/in3の範囲である、請求項12に記載の装置。
- Sv,avgは、約50in2/in3〜約250in2/in3の範囲である、請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記チャネルは、少なくとも100J/Kg・Kの熱容量、少なくとも約10W/m・Kの熱伝導率、および少なくとも約2500Kg/m3の密度を有する材料で作製される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記熱容量は、少なくとも約500J/Kgであり、前記熱伝導率は、少なくとも約50W/m・Kであり、前記密度は、少なくとも約5000Kg/m3である、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記熱容量は、少なくとも約100J/kgであり、前記熱伝導率は、少なくとも約200W/m・Kであり、前記密度は、少なくとも約7000Kg/m3である、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、約500よりも大きいガス毎時空間速度で動作する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、約1000を超えるガス毎時空間速度で動作する、請求項18に記載の装置。
- 前記チャネルは、約5psi/インチ未満の圧力降下(Δp)を有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- Δpは、約1psi/インチ未満である、請求項20に記載の装置。
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US41151210P | 2010-11-09 | 2010-11-09 | |
US61/411,512 | 2010-11-09 | ||
US13/289,215 | 2011-11-04 | ||
US13/289,215 US20120111315A1 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2011-11-04 | In-situ vaporizer and recuperator for alternating flow device |
PCT/US2011/059520 WO2012064628A1 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2011-11-07 | In-situ vaporizer and recuperator for alternating flow device |
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AU (1) | AU2011326221B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2817381A1 (ja) |
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US9315430B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2016-04-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Reactor components |
CN105214568B (zh) * | 2014-06-10 | 2018-04-20 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种加热器、该加热器的用途和应用该加热器制备异氰酸酯的方法 |
WO2020206091A1 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reverse flow reactor regeneration using high heat capacity fluids |
WO2020219252A2 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reverse flow reactors with selective flue gas management |
US11746011B2 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2023-09-05 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Reverse flow reactors with selective flue gas cascade |
EP4021845A1 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2022-07-06 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | C02 hydrogenation in reverse flow reactors |
US11220429B2 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2022-01-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process intensification for reverse flow reactors |
EP4214152A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2023-07-26 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Ammonia and urea production in reverse flow reactors |
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CN103201002B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
CN103201002A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
KR20140041392A (ko) | 2014-04-04 |
SG190166A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
MX2013005231A (es) | 2013-08-01 |
WO2012064628A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
EP2637757A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
US20120111315A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
AU2011326221B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
CA2817381A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
AU2011326221A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
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