JP2014226626A - Filter device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a filter device including a flow passage switching valve for easily taking a flow passage in respective processes, capable of securing water communication capacity large, and also easy in assembling and maintenance with a simple constitution.SOLUTION: The filter device comprises a pressure tank 3 for storing a filter-medium floor, a flow passage switching valve 1 and a control part 150. The flow passage switching valve 1 is provided with a plurality of valves in a valve housing 5, the valve housing 5 and a camshaft 48 for operating the respective valves are provided along the lateral direction, and the plurality of valves are longitudinally separately arranged in a first valve group 49 and a second valve group 50 with the camshaft 48 as a boundary. The first valve group 49 is laterally juxtaposed with a first water communication valve 6, a second water communication valve 7 and a bypass valve 8, the second valve group 50 is laterally juxtaposed with residual valves not included in the first valve group 49, and the control part 150 outputs a command signal for switching a flow of fluid of water communication operation and a flow of fluid of cleaning operation, to the flow passage switching valve.

Description

  The present invention relates to a filtration device provided with a flow path switching valve for opening and closing a flow path and switching.

  Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 below, a filtration device for producing treated water by capturing suspended substances contained in raw water with a filter medium is known. In such a filtration apparatus, the filtration ability of the filter medium gradually decreases by continuing the filtration. Therefore, the backwashing step and the washing step of the filter medium are periodically performed to recover the reduced filtering ability.

  In the filtration device, the flow path is changed according to each process, such as a water flow process for filtering raw water and a backwash process for discharging suspended substances trapped in the filter material bed. For this purpose, a flow path switching valve is provided in the upper part of the pressure tank that accommodates the filter medium bed, and the flow path according to each process is defined by this flow path switching valve. The flow path switching valve is a valve that is controlled by the control unit to switch the flow path.

  As such a flow path switching valve, a valve disclosed in Patent Document 2 below is conventionally known. The valve (1) includes a fluid flow path (7) and a valve housing (4) in which a first port (5) and a second port (6) serving as an entrance to the fluid flow path (7) are formed. The valve seat (8) is formed in the middle part. The valve element (11) that opens and closes the valve hole (9) of the valve seat (8) is urged to the valve seat (8) by the spring (30), while against the urging force, the valve shaft (16). Can be pushed back.

  A diaphragm-shaped pressure receiving body (22) is held by a retainer (21) at the lower part of the valve body (11), and a spring (30) is provided at the lower part of the retainer (21). A back pressure chamber (28) partitioned from the fluid flow path (7) by the pressure receiving body (22) is formed in the lower part of the housing (4). This back pressure chamber (28) is always connected to the first port (5) by a pressure transmission path (32) formed in the valve body (11) and a through path (33) formed in the retainer (21). Communicate.

  In the closed state in which the valve element (11) is in contact with the valve seat (8), the pressure on the first port (5) side is transmitted to the back pressure chamber (28), and the valve opening direction applied to the valve element (11) The fluid pressure in the valve closing direction is balanced. Thereby, it is not necessary to increase the urging force of the spring (30), and the driving force required for valve opening can be reduced.

JP 2011-161347 A JP 2007-78092 A

  Since the flow path switching valve changes the flow path according to the process, it is necessary to arrange the valve in consideration of the ease of the flow path in each process. Also, in the water flow process for treating raw water, in order to increase the water flow capacity, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the flow path used in the water flow process, but the space required for each valve is different accordingly, It is necessary to arrange the valves in consideration of this.

  Further, the valve described in Patent Document 2 requires a diaphragm-shaped pressure receiving body, and it takes time and effort to mount it. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the structure, assembly and maintenance of the valve.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a filtration device including a flow path switching valve that can easily take a flow path in each step and can take a large water flow capacity. It is another object of the present invention to provide a filtration device including a flow path switching valve that has a simple configuration and is easy to assemble and maintain.

  The present invention is a filtration device comprising a pressure tank that accommodates a filter medium bed, a flow path switching valve connected to the pressure tank, and a control unit that controls the flow path switching valve, wherein the flow path switching valve The valve housing in which the set flow path is formed is provided with a plurality of valves, and a camshaft for operating each valve is provided in the left-right direction above the valve housing, with the camshaft as a boundary. The plurality of valves are divided into a first valve group and a second valve group, and the first valve group includes a first passage provided in a first water passage from the raw water inlet to the pressure tank. A water valve, a second water valve provided in a second water passage from the pressure tank to the treated water outlet, and a bypass valve provided in a bypass passage connecting the first water passage and the second water passage. Are arranged side by side, and the second valve group includes the first valve The remaining valves not included in the group are arranged side by side, and the control unit outputs a command signal for switching the flow of the fluid for the water flow operation and the flow of the fluid for the cleaning operation to the flow path switching valve. The present invention relates to a filtration device.

  The pressure tank includes a first upper water inlet, a lower water outlet, and a second upper water inlet, and the valve housing includes the raw water inlet, the treated water outlet, and a drain outlet, The first water passage valve provided in the first water passage to the upper water passage, the second water passage valve provided in the second water passage from the lower water passage to the treated water outlet, The bypass provided in the bypass passage connecting the first water passage closer to the raw water inlet than the first water passage and the second water passage closer to the treated water outlet than the second water passage. A first backwash drainage valve provided in a first backwash drainage channel from the first upper water passage to the drainage port, and a second backwash drainage channel from the second upper water passage to the drainage port. A second backwash drain valve provided on the bottom, and cleaning from the lower water inlet to the drain outlet A washing drain valve provided in the water channel, the first valve group includes the first water valve, the second water valve, and the bypass valve, and the second valve group includes the first back washing drain valve. The second backwash drain valve and the wash drain valve are preferably provided.

  As the arrangement of the valves in the first valve group and the second valve group, the bypass valve is arranged between the first water valve and the second water valve, and the first backwashing is performed. A drain valve and the washing drain valve are disposed adjacent to each other, and the second backwash drain valve is disposed adjacent to the drain valve, and the raw water inlet and the treated water outlet are provided on the first valve group side. The drain port is preferably provided on the second valve group side.

  Further, the water flow operation includes a water flow step, and the cleaning operation includes a backwash step, a sedimentation step, and a wash step, and the control unit includes the first water flow valve and the water flow step. The second water valve is opened and the other valve is closed. In the backwashing step, the second water valve, the bypass valve and the first backwash drain valve are opened and the other valve is opened. In the settling step, the bypass valve is opened and the other valves are closed. In the washing step, the first water flow valve, the bypass valve, and the washing drain valve are opened, and the other It is preferable to close the valve.

  Further, the water flow operation includes a water flow step, and the cleaning operation includes a backwash step, a sedimentation step, and a wash step, and the control unit includes the first water flow valve and the water flow step. The second water valve is opened and the other valves are closed. In the backwashing step, the second water valve, the bypass valve, the first backwash drain valve, and the second backwash drain valve And the other valve is closed, and in the settling step, the bypass valve is opened and the other valve is closed. In the washing step, the first water flow valve, the bypass valve, and the washing It is preferable to open the drain valve and close the other valves.

  Further, the water flow operation includes a water flow step, and the cleaning operation includes an initial backwash step, a late backwash step, a sedimentation step, and a wash step. The first water valve and the second water valve are opened and the other valves are closed. In the initial backwashing step, the second water valve, the bypass valve, the first backwash drain valve, The second backwash drain valve is opened and the other valves are closed. In the second backwash process, the second water flow valve, the bypass valve and the first backwash drain valve are opened, and the other In the settling step, the bypass valve is opened and the other valves are closed. In the washing step, the first water valve, the bypass valve, and the washing drain valve are opened. Preferably, the other valve is closed.

  According to the present invention, it is easy to take a flow path in each step, and the water flow capacity can be increased. Further, according to the present invention, assembly and maintenance are facilitated with a simple configuration.

It is the schematic of a filtration apparatus provided with the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the open / close state of each valve in each process while showing an operation process in order about the 1st example of operation of the filtration device of a first embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the opening-and-closing state of each valve in each process while showing an operation process sequentially about the 2nd example of operation of the filtration device of a first embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the opening-and-closing state of each valve in each process while showing an operation process about the 3rd example of operation of the filtration device of a first embodiment in order. It is a schematic perspective view of the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the valve | bulb of the 1st valve group of the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the assembly state of the valve of the 1st valve group of the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment, and has shown the valve closing state. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the assembly state of the valve of the 1st valve group of the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment, and has shown the valve opening state. It is a disassembled perspective view of the valve | bulb of the 2nd valve group of the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment, and has shown the state seen from the back of the valve housing. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the assembly state of the 1st preliminary | backup valve of the flow-path switching valve of 1st embodiment, and its peripheral components. It is the schematic of a filtration apparatus provided with the flow-path switching valve of 2nd embodiment. It is a schematic perspective view of the flow-path switching valve of 2nd embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the valve of the 1st valve group of the flow-path switching valve of 2nd embodiment, and the 2nd valve group, and has shown the state seen from the back of the valve housing. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the flow path switching valve of the second embodiment in a left side view, and shows a second water valve of the first valve group and a second backwash drain valve of the second valve group. Shows the water flow process. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the flow-path switching valve of 2nd embodiment by the left view, and the 2nd water flow valve of the 1st valve group and the 2nd backwash drain valve of the 2nd valve group are shown. . It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the flow-path switching valve of 2nd embodiment by the right view, and the reserve valve of a 1st valve group and the reserve valve of a 2nd valve group are shown.

  Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a filtration device 2 including a flow path switching valve 1 according to the first embodiment. The filtration device 2 of the present embodiment is a device for producing treated water by capturing suspended substances in raw water using a filter medium. The filtering device 2 is variously selected according to the substance to be removed in the raw water. Examples of the filtration device 2 include the following sand filtration device, iron removal manganese removal device, and activated carbon filtration device. All of these devices can capture and remove suspended substances contained in raw water by the sieving effect of the filter medium.

  The sand filtration device captures and removes suspended substances such as fine particles contained in raw water by a filter medium (not shown). The iron removal manganese removal apparatus captures and removes dissolved iron and dissolved manganese together with suspended substances such as fine particles contained in raw water by a filter medium (not shown). The activated carbon filter removes impurities such as organic substances, chromaticity components and odor components together with suspended substances contained in raw water with a filter medium made of an adsorbent.

  Hereinafter, first, the overall configuration of the filtration device 2 and the operation method will be described in order, and then the specific configuration of the flow path switching valve 1 in the present embodiment will be described.

<< Overall configuration of filtration device 2 >>
The filtration device 2 includes a flow path switching valve 1, a pressure tank 3, and a control unit 150. In FIG. 1 (and FIG. 11 described later), a path of electrical connection between the control unit 150 (and control unit 150A in FIG. 11 described later) and the motor 108 (described later) is indicated by a broken line.

  The pressure tank 3 is a bottomed cylindrical hollow container and accommodates a filter medium bed. In the case where the filtration device 2 is a sand filtration device, the filter medium bed is configured using, for example, filtration sand and / or anthracite. In the case where the filtering device 2 is an iron removing manganese removing device, the filter medium bed is configured using, for example, manganese sand and / or anthracite. When the filtering device 2 is an activated carbon filtering device, the filter medium bed is configured using, for example, granular activated carbon.

  The flow path switching valve 1 is a valve that is controlled by the control unit 150 to switch the flow path. The flow path switching valve 1 includes a plurality of valves 6 to 13 in a valve housing 5 in which a set flow path is formed. Opening and closing of each valve 6-13 is operated by rotation of the cam 47 (refer FIG. 5). The motor 108 that rotates the cam 47 is electrically connected to the control unit 150 via a signal line. Opening and closing of the valves 6 to 13 is controlled by a command signal output from the control unit 150 to the motor 108. The cam 47 and the motor 108 will be described later.

  The flow path switching valve 1 is attached to the upper part of the pressure tank 3. Thereby, the upper opening of the pressure tank 3 is closed by the valve housing 5 of the flow path switching valve 1. At the lower part of the valve housing 5, each end of the first water passage 14, the second water passage 15, and the second backwash drain 16 is opened at a position corresponding to the upper opening of the pressure tank 3.

  The first water passage 14 opens to the first upper water passage 17 in the pressure tank 3. The second water passage 15 opens to a lower water passage 19 in the pressure tank 3 through a conduit 18. The second backwash drain 16 opens to the second upper water passage 21 in the pressure tank 3.

  The conduit 18 is held at the upper end by the valve housing 5, extends downward from the valve housing 5, and is inserted into the pressure tank 3. Further, the conduit 18 extends to the lower part of the pressure tank 3. A lower water inlet 19 is provided at the lower part of the conduit 18.

  In the valve housing 5 of the flow path switching valve 1, a first water passage 14 that sends raw water from the raw water inlet 22 to the first upper water passage 17 and a treated water from the lower water passage 19 to the treated water outlet 23. A two-way channel 15 is provided. The first water passage 14 is provided with the first water passage valve 6, and the second water passage 15 is provided with the second water passage valve 7.

  The first water passage 14 closer to the raw water inlet 22 than the first water valve 6 and the second water passage 15 closer to the treated water outlet 23 than the second water valve 7 are connected by a bypass 24. A bypass valve 8 is provided in the bypass path 24.

  A first backwash drainage channel 26 to the drainage port 25 is also connected to the first upper water flow port 17, and the first backwash drainage valve 9 is provided in the first backwash drainage channel 26. In FIG. 1, the first water passage 14 and the first backwash drainage channel 26 are shown as common pipes on the pressure tank 3 side.

  A cleaning drainage channel 27 to the drainage port 25 is also connected to the lower water inlet 19, and the cleaning drainage valve 10 is provided in the cleaning drainage channel 27. In FIG. 1, the second water passage 15 and the washing drainage passage 27 are shown as a common conduit on the pressure tank 3 side. The downstream of the first backwash drainage channel 26 and the cleaning drainage channel 27 opens to the drainage port 25 via a constant flow valve (rubber orifice) 28.

  A second backwash drain 16 to the drain 25 is connected to the second upper water passage 21, and a second backwash drain valve 11 is provided in the second backwash drain 16. Downstream of the first backwash drainage channel 26, the wash drainage channel 27 and the second backwash drainage channel 16 are gathered and opened to the drainage port 25.

  The valve housing 5 of the flow path switching valve 1 is provided with a first preliminary valve 12 and a second preliminary valve 13. The first preliminary valve 12 and the second preliminary valve 13 are used for introducing a regenerant into the ion exchange device when the flow path switching valve according to the present invention is applied to the ion exchange device, or raw water for extrusion. In order to be introduced into an ion exchange device.

  The second preliminary valve 13 is provided in a flow path that branches from the middle of the common conduit on the pressure tank 3 side in the second water passage 15 and the washing drainage passage 27 and extends to the end of the valve housing 5. One end of the flow path in which the second preliminary valve 13 is provided is connected in the middle of the common conduit on the pressure tank 3 side in the second water passage 15 and the washing drainage passage 27. The other end of the flow path in which the second preliminary valve 13 is provided is sealed at the end of the valve housing 5.

  The first preliminary valve 12 is provided in a flow path that branches from the middle of the flow path in which the second preliminary valve 13 is provided and extends to the end of the valve housing 5. One end of the flow path in which the first preliminary valve 12 is provided is connected in the middle of the flow path in which the second preliminary valve 13 is provided. The other end of the flow path in which the first preliminary valve 12 is provided is sealed with the end of the valve housing 5.

<< Operation method of filtration device 2 >>
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation steps in order for the first operation example of the filtration device of the first embodiment, and showing the open / close state of each valve in each step. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation steps in order for the second operation example of the filtration device of the first embodiment, and showing the open / close states of the valves in the respective steps. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operation steps in order for the third operation example of the filtration device of the first embodiment, and showing the open / closed state of each valve in each step. In this figure, as for each valve 6-13, the shaded part has shown the open state, and the plain part has shown the closed state. During the transition of each process, the valves 6 to 13 may be gradually closed or gradually opened.

  The filtration device 2 can be used alone or in two units. In the latter case, a raw water supply path from the water supply source is connected to the raw water inlet 22 of the first filtration device 2, and a treated water supply path to the treated water use facility is connected to the treated water outlet 23 of the second filtration device 2. Then, the treated water outlet 23 of the first filtration device 2 and the raw water inlet 22 of the second filtration device 2 may be connected by a treated water supply path.

  Examples of the operation method of the filtration device 2 include a first operation example to a third operation example described below.

(First operation example)
In the first operation example, the filtration device 2 sequentially executes a water flow process, a backwash process, a sedimentation process, and a washing process. Each of these steps is performed by controlling the opening and closing of the valves 6 to 13 as shown in FIG. 2 according to a command signal output from the control unit 150.

  In the first operation example, in the water flow process, raw water is supplied from the raw water inlet 22 through the first water passage 14 to the first upper water passage 17 of the pressure tank 3. The water passes through the filter medium bed from the upper part to the lower part of the pressure tank 3 and becomes treated water. The treated water is led out from the lower water passage 19 of the pressure tank 3 to the treated water outlet 23 via the conduit 18 and the second water passage 15.

  In the first operation example, in the backwashing process, the washing water (raw water or treated water) is supplied from the raw water inlet 22 to the lower water inlet 19 of the pressure tank 3 through the bypass passage 24, the second water passage 15 and the conduit 18. Supplied. The water is passed from the lower part of the pressure tank 3 to the upper part while developing the filter medium bed. The drainage is led out from the first upper water passage 17 of the pressure tank 3 to the drainage port 25 through the first backwash drainage channel 26.

  In the first operation example, in the sedimentation process, the supply of washing water is stopped for a predetermined time. Thereby, the filter medium which floated in the backwashing process is settled by gravity and allowed to stand.

  In the first operation example, in the cleaning step, cleaning water (raw water or treated water) is supplied from the raw water inlet 22 to the first upper water inlet 17 of the pressure tank 3 through the first water passage 14. The water is passed from the upper part to the lower part of the pressure tank 3 and the filter medium bed is rinsed. The drainage is led out from the lower water inlet 19 of the pressure tank 3 to the drain 25 through the conduit 18 and the washing drain 27.

(Second operation example)
In the second operation example, the filtration device 2 sequentially executes a water flow process, a backwash process, a sedimentation process, and a cleaning process. Each of these steps is performed by controlling opening and closing of the valves 6 to 13 as shown in FIG. 3 according to a command signal output from the control unit 150. In the description of the second operation example, only the operation different from the operation of the first operation example will be described, and the description of the same operation will be omitted or simplified. In the second operation example, the operation content in the backwashing process executed in the first operation example is different.

  In the second operation example, in the backwashing process, in the backwashing process of the first operation example, the first backwash drain valve 9 is opened and the first backwash drain valve 9 is closed. Both the first backwash drain valve 9 and the second backwash drain valve 11 are opened. Thereby, in the back washing process in the second operation example, the flow rate of the washing water (raw water or treated water) flowing through the filter medium bed is larger than that in the first operation example, and the washing water is bypassed from the raw water inlet 22. The water is supplied to the lower water inlet 19 of the pressure tank 3 through the passage 24, the second water passage 15 and the conduit 18. The water whose flow rate is increased is circulated from the lower part to the upper part of the pressure tank 3 while developing the filter medium bed. The drainage is led out from the first upper water passage 17 of the pressure tank 3 to the drainage port 25 through the first backwash drainage channel 26 and the second backwash drainage channel 16.

(Third operation example)
In the third operation example, the filtration device 2 sequentially executes a water flow process, an initial backwash process, a late reverse destination process, a sedimentation process, and a washing process. In the description of the third operation example, only operations different from those of the first operation example and the second operation example will be described, and the description of the same operation will be omitted or simplified. These steps are performed by controlling the opening and closing of the valves 6 to 13 as shown in FIG. In the third operation example, instead of the backwashing process executed in the first operation example and the second operation example, the initial backwashing process and the late back tip process are executed in this order.

  In the third operation example, in the initial backwash process, the same operation as the backwash process in the second operation example is performed. In this initial backwashing step, the flow rate of the wash water circulated through the filter medium bed is increased in the initial stage where the filter medium bed is dirty.

  In the third operation example, the operation similar to the backwashing process in the first operation example is executed in the late backwashing process. In this latter backwashing step, the flow rate of the wash water circulated through the filter material bed is reduced in the stage where the filter material bed is decontaminated as compared with the initial backwashing step.

<< Specific configuration of flow path switching valve 1 >>
Hereinafter, a specific configuration of the flow path switching valve 1 in the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the flow path switching valve of the first embodiment. The flow path switching valve 1 includes the valves 6 to 13 and the like provided in the valve housing 5 in which the flow paths 14, 15, 16, 24, 26, and 27 are formed. That is, the valve housing 5 is provided with the flow paths 14, 15, 16, 24, 26, 27 and the valves 6 to 13 so as to form the circuit shown in FIG. ing.

  Each valve 6 to 13 is opened and closed by a cam 47, and a camshaft 48 that rotates the cam 47 is provided in the left-right direction at the center in the front-rear direction of the upper portion of the valve housing 5. The valves 6 to 13 are divided into a first valve group 49 and a second valve group 50 in the front-rear direction with the camshaft 48 as a boundary. At this time, the first preliminary valve 12 may be included in either the first valve group 49 or the second valve group 50, but is included in the second valve group 50 in the present embodiment.

  The first valve group 49 includes a first water valve 6, a second water valve 7 and a bypass valve 8. At this time, the bypass valve 8 is preferably arranged between the first water valve 6 and the second water valve 7. In FIG. 5, the first valve group 49 is disposed in front of the valve housing 5, and the first water valve 6, the bypass valve 8, and the second water valve 7 are disposed side by side in order from the left.

  The second valve group 50 includes a first backwash drain valve 9, a wash drain valve 10, a second backwash drain valve 11, a second preliminary valve 13, and a first preliminary valve 12. At this time, it is preferable that the first backwash drain valve 9 and the wash drain valve 10 are disposed adjacent to each other, and the second backwash drain valve 11 is disposed adjacent thereto. Also, the first preliminary valve 12 and the second preliminary valve 13 are preferably arranged adjacent to each other. In FIG. 5, the second valve group 50 includes a first preliminary valve 12, a second preliminary valve 13, a second backwash drain valve 11, a first backwash drain valve 9, and a wash drain valve 10 left and right in order from the left. They are arranged side by side.

  As described above, the valve housing 5 is provided with the raw water inlet 22, the treated water outlet 23, and the drain outlet 25 as fluid inlets and outlets.

  The raw water inlet 22 and the treated water outlet 23 are preferably provided on the first valve group 49 side. In the present embodiment, the raw water inlet 22 is provided at the lower part of the first water valve 6, and the treated water outlet 23 is provided at the lower part of the second water valve 7. More specifically, the pipe which comprises the edge part of the 1st water flow path 14 is extended and provided in the lower part of the 1st water flow valve 6, The front-end opening is made into the raw | natural water inlet 22. . Moreover, the pipe | tube which comprises the edge part of the 2nd water flow path 15 is extended and provided in the lower part of the 2nd water flow valve 7, The front-end opening is made into the treated water outlet 23. FIG.

  The drain port 25 is preferably provided on the second valve group 50 side. In the present embodiment, the drain port 25 is provided below the second backwash drain valve 11, the first backwash drain valve 9, and the wash drain valve 10. More specifically, a pipe that collects end portions of the second backwash drainage channel 16, the first backwash drainage channel 26, and the cleaning drainage channel 27 extends from the lower part of these valves 9 to 11 to the right. The right end opening is a drain outlet 25.

  FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the valves of the first valve group 49. Here, the second water valve 7 is shown, but the same applies to the first water valve 6 and the bypass valve 8. 7 and 8 are schematic longitudinal sectional views of the assembled state of the valve (7) of the first valve group 49. FIG. 7 shows a closed state and FIG. 8 shows a opened state. Further, FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the valves of the second valve group 50 and shows a state viewed from the rear of the valve housing 5. Although the first preliminary valve 12 is shown here, the same applies to the second preliminary valve 13, the second backwash drain valve 11, the first backwash drain valve 9, and the wash drain valve 10. FIG. 10 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the assembled state of the first preliminary valve 12 and its peripheral components.

  Each of the valves 6 to 13 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 is provided with a valve piston 53 (53A) in a valve housing hole 52 (52A) formed in the valve housing 5 so that the valve piston 53 (53A) can advance and retreat. The valve housing hole 52 (52A) is provided horizontally so as to open outward in the front-rear direction of the valve housing 5. Specifically, the valve accommodation holes 52 of the respective valves 6 to 8 constituting the first valve group 49 are provided so as to open forward, and the valve accommodation holes of the respective valves 9 to 13 constituting the second valve group 50. 52A is provided to open rearward.

  Each valve (the 1st water flow valve 6, the 2nd water flow valve 7, and the bypass valve 8) which comprises the 1st valve group 49 is the mutually same structure. Specifically, this will be described below with reference to FIGS. The valve housing hole 52 opens to the outside in the front-rear direction of the valve housing 5 as described above. The opening side is referred to as a base end side, and the opposite side is referred to as a distal end side.

  The valve housing hole 52 is a circular hole having a tapered tip portion, and includes a truncated cone portion 54 on the distal end side and a cylindrical portion 55 on the proximal end side. The valve housing hole 52 is formed with a first opening 56 and a second opening 57 serving as a fluid inlet / outlet for the valve housing hole 52 at positions separated from each other in the axial direction. The first opening 56 is provided in the lower part of the peripheral side wall of the truncated cone part 54, and the second opening 57 is provided in the lower part of the peripheral side wall of the cylindrical part 55.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the first water flow valve 6 has a first opening 56 communicating with the first upper water flow port 17 and a second opening 57 communicating with the raw water inlet 22. In the second water flow valve 7, the first opening 56 communicates with the lower water flow port 19, and the second opening 57 communicates with the treated water outlet 23. In the bypass valve 8, the first opening 56 communicates with the treated water outlet 23, and the second opening 57 communicates with the raw water inlet 22.

  A valve frame 58 is attached to the valve accommodating hole 52, and a valve piston 53 is provided in the valve frame 58 so as to be able to advance and retract. The valve frame 58 has a substantially cylindrical shape with a tapered tip, and is formed substantially corresponding to the shape of the valve housing hole 52. Specifically, the valve frame 58 includes a truncated cone portion 59 on the distal end side and a cylindrical portion 60 on the proximal end side. A small cylindrical portion 61 is formed at the distal end portion of the truncated cone portion 59 so as to protrude toward the distal end side and open toward the distal end side. At the base end portion of the small cylindrical portion 61, a flange portion 62 is formed, and a short cylinder 63 is formed protruding toward the base end side.

  Large openings 64 and 65 are formed in the peripheral side wall of the truncated cone portion 59 and the cylindrical portion 60 of the valve frame 58. Thereby, the frustoconical portion 59 and the cylindrical portion 60 remain in a frame shape in the valve frame 58. That is, the connecting portion of the truncated cone portion 59 and the cylindrical portion 60, the distal end portion of the truncated cone portion 59, and the proximal end portion of the cylindrical portion 60 are left in an annular shape, and they are mutually formed by a plurality of ribs. It is a connected shape.

  The annular portion 66 that connects the truncated cone portion 59 and the cylindrical portion 60 is formed as an inclined surface whose diameter decreases toward the distal end side, and this inclined surface is a valve seat. It functions as the part 67. An annular groove is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the annular portion 66, and an O-ring 68 is attached. An annular groove is also formed in the outer peripheral portion of the base end portion of the small cylindrical portion 61, and an O-ring 69 is attached.

  Along the axis of the valve frame 58, a valve shaft 70 is provided in the small cylindrical portion 61 and the short cylinder 63 so as to be able to advance and retract. A gap between the valve shaft 70 and the valve frame 58 is sealed by an annular packing 71 having a substantially V-shaped cross section provided in the short cylinder 63.

  A roller guide 72 is provided at the tip of the valve shaft 70, and a roller 73 is rotatably held by the roller guide 72. The roller guide 72 is fitted into the small cylindrical portion 61 of the valve frame 58. Since the inner hole of the small cylindrical portion 61 and the outer shape of the roller guide 72 are formed in a predetermined manner, the roller guide 72 can advance and retreat with respect to the small cylindrical portion 61 along the axis of the valve frame 58. It is provided so that it cannot rotate relative to the portion 61.

  The valve frame 58 is fitted into the valve housing hole 52. A through hole 74 is formed at the tip of the valve housing hole 52, and the small cylindrical portion 61 of the valve frame 58 is fitted into the through hole 74. At that time, the flange portion 62 of the small cylindrical portion 61 is fitted so as to contact the wall surface around the through hole 74. The gap between the small cylindrical portion 61 and the valve housing 5 is sealed by the O-ring 69 at the base end portion of the small cylindrical portion 61. Further, the gap between the annular portion 66 and the valve housing 5 is sealed by the O-ring 68 of the annular portion 66. Thereby, the first opening 56 and the second opening 57 communicate with each other only through the inner hole of the valve frame 58.

  A valve piston 53 is provided in an inner hole of the valve frame 58 so as to be able to advance and retract. The valve piston 53 has a cylindrical shape, and an end wall 75 is formed at the tip. A plurality of communication holes 76 are formed in the end wall 75. These communication holes 76 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the valve piston 53, and are formed through the end wall 75 along the axial direction of the valve piston 53.

  The valve piston 53 is provided with a first seal material 77 and a second seal material 78 at positions separated in the axial direction. The first seal material 77 is annular and is provided at the tip of the valve piston 53. Specifically, the first seal material 77 is attached to the tip surface of the valve piston 53 and is fixed by a disc-shaped presser plate 79. The holding plate 79 is fixed to the end wall 75 with screws (not shown), and is larger than the inner diameter of the first sealing material 77 and smaller than the outer diameter of the first sealing material 77. Therefore, the first sealing material 77 is exposed on the outer peripheral portion of the presser plate 79 with the presser plate 79 attached. On the other hand, the second seal material 78 is an annular X-ring having an X-shaped cross section, and is attached to an annular groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end portion of the valve piston 53.

  A through hole 80 is formed in the presser plate 79 in correspondence with the communication hole 76. Further, a hole is formed in the center of the presser plate 79, and the protruding tip 81 of the valve piston 53 is passed through the hole. A bearing hole is formed in the protruding tip 81 of the valve piston 53 so as to open only to the tip, and the end of the valve shaft 70 is fitted into this bearing hole.

  A valve frame 58, a valve piston 53, and a spring 82 are sequentially incorporated in the valve housing hole 52, and the opening is sealed with a valve cap 83. At this time, the valve cap 83 is detachably screwed and attached to the proximal end portion of the valve accommodation hole 52.

  In the present embodiment, the valve cap 83 is configured by combining a cap body 84 and a tubular material 85. The cylindrical member 85 has a stepped cylindrical shape, a small-diameter portion 86 on the distal end side is formed to have an outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 60 of the valve frame 58, and a large-diameter portion 87 on the proximal end side. The outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 55 of the valve housing hole 52 is formed. Therefore, the tubular member 85 has a small diameter portion 86 on the distal end side fitted into the proximal end portion of the valve frame 58 and a large diameter portion 87 on the proximal end side fitted into the proximal end portion of the valve accommodating hole 52. At this time, an O-ring 88 is disposed between the base end portion of the valve frame 58 and the stepped portion of the tubular material 85, and the gap between the valve frame 58, the tubular material 85, and the valve housing 5 is sealed.

  In the hollow hole of the cylindrical member 85, a partition wall 89 is formed in the middle in the axial direction, and the hollow hole is closed. A cylindrical spring receiver 90 is provided at the center of the partition wall 89 so as to protrude toward the tip side. The spring 82 has a proximal end fitted into the spring receiver 90 and a distal end fitted into the inner hole of the valve piston 53.

  The cap main body 84 is attached to the proximal end portion of the valve housing hole 52 in a state where the valve frame 58, the valve piston 53, the spring 82, and the tubular material 85 are incorporated in the valve housing hole 52. That is, the base end portion of the cylindrical portion 55 of the valve accommodating hole 52 has an outer peripheral surface as a screw portion 91, while the cap body 84 has a substantially cylindrical shape opened only to the distal end side, and has a screw hole in the inner peripheral surface. 92 is formed. Therefore, the cap main body 84 can be detachably attached to the screw portion 91 of the valve accommodating hole 52. When the cap body 84 is attached to the proximal end portion of the valve housing hole 52, the gap between the valve housing 5 and the valve cap 83 is sealed by the O-ring 93.

  Note that the valve cap 83 is configured with the cap body 84 and the tubular member 85 as separate bodies in order to increase the strength. However, when the diameter of the valve housing hole is small, the valve cap 83 may be integrally formed. In each of the valves 9 to 13 of the second valve group 50 to be described later, a cap body 84 and a cylindrical material 85 are integrally formed.

  In a state where the valve frame 58, the valve piston 53, the spring 82, and the like are assembled in the valve accommodating hole 52, the first opening 56 and the second opening 57 are only through the inner holes of the valve frame 58 as described above. Communicate. Further, the valve piston 53 is urged toward the distal end side by the urging force of the spring 82. As shown in FIG. 7, in the state where the first seal member 77 of the valve piston 53 is pressed against the valve seat portion 67 of the valve frame 58, the communication between the first opening 56 and the second opening 57 is blocked. . Conversely, as shown in FIG. 8, when the valve shaft 70 is pushed toward the proximal end and the valve piston 53 is pushed back toward the proximal end against the urging force of the spring 82, the first opening 56 and the second Communication with the opening 57 is ensured.

  The base end portion of the valve piston 53 is fitted into the cylindrical portion of the valve cap 83 (in this embodiment, the cylindrical material 85), and slides in the cylindrical material 85. A chamber 94 is formed between the valve piston 53 and the tubular member 85 of the valve cap 83. The chamber 94 communicates with the first opening 56 side through the communication hole 76 of the valve piston 53. Accordingly, in the valve closed state, the chamber 94 communicates with the first opening 56 on the distal end side through the communication hole 76 of the valve piston 53, and part of the fluid pressure in the valve opening direction and the valve closing direction applied to the valve piston 53. Or balance everything. Thereby, even when the first opening 56 is used as the fluid inlet side (high pressure side), it is not necessary to increase the urging force of the spring 82, and the driving force necessary for opening the valve can be reduced.

  Each valve constituting the second valve group 50 (first preliminary valve 12, second preliminary valve 13, second backwash drain valve 11, first backwash drain valve 9 and wash drain valve 10) is a first valve group. Although it is smaller than each valve 6-8 which comprises 49, it is the same structure as each valve 6-8 which comprises the 1st valve group 49 (FIG. 9, FIG. 10). Therefore, the following description will be focused on the different points, and corresponding portions will be described with the same reference numerals. However, the subscript “A” is added to the latter configuration so that the configuration of the valves 6 to 8 of the first valve group 49 and the configuration of the valves 9 to 13 of the second valve group 50 can be distinguished for the time being. doing. For example, the valve piston of the first valve group 49 is shown as “valve piston 53”, while the valve piston of the second valve group 50 is shown as “valve piston 53A”.

  A valve housing hole 52A of each valve constituting the second valve group 50 is formed to open rearward. Therefore, each valve accommodating hole 52A has a truncated cone portion 54A disposed at the front and a cylindrical portion 55A disposed at the rear. In addition, a first opening 56A is formed in the lower part of the truncated cone part 54A, and a second opening 57A is formed in the lower part of the cylindrical part 55A.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the second backwash drain valve 11 has a first opening 56 </ b> A communicating with the second upper water passage 21 and a second opening 57 </ b> A communicating with the drain outlet 25. In the first backwash drain valve 9, the first opening 56 </ b> A communicates with the first upper water passage 17 and the second opening 57 </ b> A communicates with the drain 25. The cleaning drain valve 10 has a first opening 56 </ b> A communicating with the lower water inlet 19 and a second opening 57 </ b> A communicating with the drain 25.

  In the case of the first valve group 49, the valve cap 83 is composed of the cap body 84 and the tubular material 85, but in the case of the second valve group 50, the valve cap 83 </ b> A is an integral body of the cap body 84 and the tubular material 85. Is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, at the base end portion of the cylinder portion 85A, the valve cap 83A is fixed in advance to the cylinder portion 85A.

  In addition, although the valves of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 are slightly different in the design of the valve cap 83A and the valve piston 53A, the description is omitted because there is no fundamental difference.

  The valves 6 to 13 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 are opened and closed by a cam 47. As shown in FIG. 5, a camshaft 48 is provided between the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 in the left-right direction, and the valves 6 to 13 are provided on the camshaft 48. Correspondingly, a cam 47 is provided.

  The outer peripheral surface of the cam 47 is a contact portion with a roller 73 (73A) provided on the valve shaft 70 (70A). The rotation shaft of the roller 73 (73A) is disposed along the left-right direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the roller 73 (73A) contacts the outer peripheral surface of the cam 47. The roller 73 (73A) is urged against the outer peripheral surface of the cam 47 by the spring 82 (82A). Therefore, when the cam 47 rotates, the valve shaft 70 (70A) moves forward and backward with respect to the valve accommodating hole 52 (52A) while the roller 73 (73A) rotates.

  When the cam 47 pushes the valve shaft 70 (70A) outward in the front-rear direction of the valve housing 5 with the rotation of the camshaft 48, the valve piston 53 (53A) is separated from the valve seat 67 (67A) and is opened. (FIG. 8). Conversely, when the pushing of the valve shaft 70 (70A) is released along with the rotation of the camshaft 48, the valve piston 53 (53A) is moved inward in the front-rear direction of the valve housing 5 by the biasing force of the spring 82 (82A). It moves and becomes a valve closing state (FIG. 7).

  By changing the shape of the cam 47 corresponding to each valve 6-13, it can control to an open / close state as shown in FIGS. The cam 47 is rotated by rotating the camshaft 48 with the motor 108. The rotation of the motor 108 is controlled by a command signal output from the control unit 150. When a command signal is output from the control unit 150 to rotate the motor 108, the rotational force is transmitted to the camshaft 48 via the reduction gear train 109. The rotational position of the cam 47 can be controlled by a command signal output from the control unit 150 to the motor 108. The cam 47 is intermittently rotated for each process.

  An inner cylinder 111 and an outer cylinder 112 are formed concentrically on the side surface of the cam gear 110 that constitutes the reduction gear train 109 and is provided at the end of the camshaft 48 so as to protrude in a short cylindrical shape. The inner cylinder 111 is formed with a notch 113 for detecting the origin at one place in the circumferential direction, and the outer cylinder 112 is formed with a notch 114 for detecting a process corresponding to each process position. The notches 113 and 114 of the inner cylinder 111 and the outer cylinder 112 can be read by a photo sensor (not shown) such as a photo interrupter. When the notches 113 and 114 are read by the sensors, a detection signal is transmitted from each sensor to the control unit 150. Therefore, the control unit 150 can confirm the origin position and the current position of the cam 47 (in other words, which process is being executed) from the detection signal transmitted from the sensor. Further, a process position indicating plate (not shown) may be provided at the shaft end of the cam gear 110 so that such a process position can be visually confirmed.

  According to the present embodiment, the first valve group 49 is provided with valves of the water flow system of the first water valve 6, the second water valve 7 and the bypass valve 8, and the second valve group 50 has The drainage system valves of the first preliminary valve 12, the second preliminary valve 13, the second backwash drain valve 11, the first backwash drain valve 9 and the wash drain valve 10 were arranged. By separating the water flow system and the drainage system, it is easy to take a flow path in each process. Further, since the first valve group 49 has a smaller number of valves than the second valve group 50, even if a relatively large caliber valve is used as the water flow valves 6, 7 and the bypass valve 8, The overall fit is good. Thereby, the diameter of a water flow system can be enlarged and water flow capacity can be taken large.

  In addition, by arranging the bypass valve 8 between the first water passage valve 6 and the second water passage valve 7, it is easy to take the bypass passage 24 between the first water passage 14 and the second water passage 15. Moreover, by providing the raw water inlet 22 and the treated water outlet 23 on the first valve group 49 side, the water flow system can be completely integrated.

  On the other hand, by collecting the first backwash drain valve 9, the wash drain valve 10 and the second back wash drain valve 11, it is easy to take a flow path of the drainage system. In addition, the drainage system can be completely integrated by providing the drainage port 25 on the second valve group 50 side. In addition, by combining the first preliminary valve 12 and the second preliminary valve 13, it is easy to take a flow path for the regenerant even when it is applied to the ion exchange device and the regenerant is introduced.

  Further, in the closed state, each of the valves 6 to 13 has a chamber 94 (94A) formed at the proximal end portion of the valve housing hole 52 (52A), and the chamber 94 (94A) communicates with the valve piston 53 (53A). It communicates with the first opening 56 (56A) on the distal end side through the hole 76 (76A). Thereby, a part or all of the fluid pressure in the valve opening direction and the valve closing direction applied to the valve piston 53 (53A) can be balanced.

  Further, since the valve frame 58 (58A), the valve piston 53 (53A), and the spring 82 (82A) are sequentially incorporated in the valve housing hole 52 (52A), and the opening is sealed with the valve cap 83 (83A). Easy to assemble and maintain. Moreover, since the valve frame 58 (58A) is provided in the valve housing hole 52 (52A), and the valve piston 53 (53A) is provided in the valve frame 58 (58A) so as to be able to advance and retract, the sliding area of the valve piston 53 (53A) is provided. Can be reduced. In addition, since the large openings 64 (64A) and 65 (65A) are formed in the peripheral side wall of the valve frame 58 (58A), it is possible to secure a water passage and reduce pressure loss.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a filtration device 2A including the flow path switching valve 1A according to the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the flow path switching valve 1A of the second embodiment.

  The flow path switching valve 1A of Example 2 is smaller than the first embodiment and partially different in configuration, but is basically the same as the first embodiment. Therefore, the following description will be focused on the different points, and corresponding portions will be described with the same reference numerals.

  2A of filtration apparatuses of 2nd embodiment are provided with the pressure tank 3 and the control part 150A other than the flow-path switching valve 1A.

  In the flow path switching valve 1A, a plurality of valves 6 to 13 are provided in a valve housing 5 in which a set flow path is formed. Opening and closing of each valve 6-13 is operated by rotation of the cam 47 (refer FIG. 12). The motor 108 that rotates the cam 47 is electrically connected to the control unit 150A via a signal line. Opening and closing of the valves 6 to 13 is controlled by a command signal output from the control unit 150A to the motor 108.

  In the second embodiment, each of the valves 6 to 13 is divided into the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 in the front-rear direction with the camshaft 48 as a boundary, as in the first embodiment. At this time, the first preliminary valve 12 may be included in either the first valve group 49 or the second valve group 50, but is included in the first valve group 49 in the present embodiment.

  The first valve group 49 includes a first water valve 6, a second water valve 7, a bypass valve 8, and a first preliminary valve 12. At this time, the bypass valve 8 is preferably arranged between the first water valve 6 and the second water valve 7. In FIG. 12, the first valve group 49 is disposed in front of the valve housing 5, and the second water valve 7, the bypass valve 8, the first water valve 6, and the first preliminary valve 12 are arranged on the left and right in order from the left. They are arranged side by side.

  The second valve group 50 includes a first backwash drain valve 9, a wash drain valve 10, a second backwash drain valve 11, and a second preliminary valve 13. At this time, it is preferable that the first backwash drain valve 9 and the wash drain valve 10 are disposed adjacent to each other, and the second backwash drain valve 11 is disposed adjacent thereto. In FIG. 12, the second valve group 50 includes a second backwash drain valve 11, a first backwash drain valve 9, a wash drain valve 10, and a second preliminary valve 13 arranged side by side in order from the left. Further, the first preliminary valve 12 of the first valve group 49 and the second preliminary valve 13 of the second valve group 50 are arranged to face each other in the front-rear direction.

  As described above, the valve housing 5 is provided with the raw water inlet 22, the treated water outlet 23, and the drain outlet 25 as fluid inlets and outlets.

  The raw water inlet 22 and the treated water outlet 23 are preferably provided on the first valve group 49 side. In the present embodiment, the raw water inlet 22 is provided in the middle between the first water flow valve 6 and the bypass valve 8 so as to open forward, and the treated water outlet 23 is formed of the second water flow valve 7 and the bypass valve 8. Is provided in the middle part with an opening forward. More specifically, an end portion of the first water passage 14 is provided to extend forward in an intermediate portion between the first water passage valve 6 and the bypass valve 8 of the valve housing 5, and a front end opening thereof is provided. The raw water inlet 22 is used. Further, an end portion of the second water passage 15 is provided at an intermediate portion between the second water passage valve 7 and the bypass valve 8 of the valve housing 5, and a front end opening thereof is treated water outlet 23. It is said.

  The drain port 25 is preferably provided on the second valve group 50 side. In this embodiment, the drain port 25 is provided in the side part of the 2nd backwash drain valve 11 (FIG. 13). More specifically, a pipe that collects ends of the second backwash drainage channel 16, the first backwash drainage channel 26, and the cleaning drainage channel 27 extends from the side of the second backwash drainage valve 11. The end opening is a drain outlet 25.

  FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the valves 6 to 13 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 and shows a state viewed from the rear of the valve housing 5. Here, the second water valve 7 in the first valve group 49 is shown disassembled, but the same applies to the first water valve 6 and the bypass valve 8. Moreover, although the 2nd backwash drain valve 11 is decomposed | disassembled and shown among the 2nd valve groups 50, it is the same also about the 1st backwash drain valve 9, the wash drain valve 10, and the 2nd preliminary valve 13, The same applies to the first preliminary valve 12 of the first valve group 49. That is, in the present embodiment, the first preliminary valve 12 is included in the first valve group 49, but its configuration is the same as that of each valve 9, 10, 11, 13 of the second valve group 50.

  14 and 15 are schematic longitudinal sectional views of the flow path switching valve 1A of the present embodiment as viewed from the left side, and the second water valve 7 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 of the second valve group 50. A backwash drain valve 11 is shown. FIG. 14 shows a water flow process, in which the second water flow valve 7 is in an open state and the second backwash drain valve 11 is in a closed state. Moreover, in FIG. 15, the 2nd water flow valve 7 is a valve closing state, and the 2nd backwash drainage valve 11 is a valve opening state.

  FIG. 16 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the flow path switching valve 1A of the present embodiment as viewed from the right side. The first preliminary valve 12 of the first valve group 49 and the second preliminary valve 13 of the second valve group 50 are shown in FIG. It is shown. Here, the first preliminary valve 12 is open, and the second preliminary valve 13 is also open. In FIG. 16, the shape of the cam 47 and its pin groove 130 is shown in a simplified manner and is different from the actual one.

  Each of the valves 6 to 13 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 is provided with a valve piston 53 (53A) in a valve housing hole 52 (52A) formed in the valve housing 5 so that the valve piston 53 (53A) can advance and retreat. The valve housing hole 52 (52A) is provided vertically so as to open upward of the valve housing 5.

  Of the valves constituting the first valve group 49, the valves (the first water valve 6, the second water valve 7 and the bypass valve 8) excluding the first preliminary valve 12 have the same configuration. . Specifically, it demonstrates below based on FIGS. The valve housing hole 52 opens to the upper side of the valve housing 5 as described above, and the side of the opening (that is, the upper side) may be referred to as the proximal end side, and the opposite side (that is, the lower side) may be referred to as the distal end side. .

  The valve accommodating hole 52 is formed as a stepped hole, and a large-diameter hole 115 is disposed above and a small-diameter hole 116 is disposed below. The upper part in the small diameter hole 116 of the valve accommodating hole 52 functions as the valve seat portion 67. However, a stepped portion of the valve accommodating hole 52 may be used as the valve seat portion 67 depending on circumstances.

  A plurality of ribs 117 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction below the large-diameter hole 115 of the valve housing hole 52, and each rib 117 protrudes radially inward from the peripheral side wall of the large-diameter hole 115. It is formed along the axial direction of the diameter hole 115. Thereby, the lower end portion of the valve piston 53 is guided by the leading end portion of each rib 117 protruding inward in the radial direction, and can be moved along the axis of the valve accommodating hole 52.

  The valve housing hole 52 is formed with a first opening 56 and a second opening 57 serving as a fluid inlet / outlet for the valve housing hole 52 at positions separated from each other in the axial direction. The first opening 56 is provided below (the peripheral side wall or the lower wall) of the small diameter hole 116, and the second opening 57 is provided on the peripheral side wall of the large diameter hole 115.

  Referring to FIG. 11, in the first water flow valve 6, the first opening 56 communicates with the first upper water passage 17 and the second opening 57 communicates with the raw water inlet 22. In the second water flow valve 7, the first opening 56 communicates with the lower water flow port 19, and the second opening 57 communicates with the treated water outlet 23. In the bypass valve 8, the first opening 56 communicates with the treated water outlet 23, and the second opening 57 communicates with the raw water inlet 22.

  A valve piston 53 is provided in the valve housing hole 52 so as to be able to advance and retract. The valve piston 53 has a stepped columnar shape, and includes a lower large-diameter portion 118 and an upper small-diameter portion 119. Both end portions in the axial direction of the large-diameter portion 118 are further enlarged-diameter portions 120 and 121, and an annular groove is formed on the outer peripheral portion thereof. A first sealing material 77 is provided in the lower annular groove, and a second sealing material 78 is provided in the upper annular groove. Each of the sealing materials 77 and 78 is, for example, an annular X ring having an X-shaped cross section.

  A first seal member 77 is attached to the diameter-enlarged portion 121 below the valve piston 53, and is moved up and down by being guided by the ribs 117 below the large-diameter hole 115 of the valve accommodation hole 52, and the small-diameter hole 116. It is possible to fit in the upper part. On the other hand, the enlarged diameter portion 120 above the valve piston 53 is fitted with the second seal material 78 and slides on the cylindrical portion 85 of the valve cap 83.

  A screw hole 122 is formed in the upper end surface of the small diameter portion 119 of the valve piston 53 so as to open only upward. As will be described later, a piston hook 123 can be attached to the screw hole 122. On the other hand, a communication hole 76 is formed in the large diameter portion 118 of the valve piston 53 so as to penetrate vertically. The communication hole 76 opens to the lower end surface of the large diameter portion 118 and opens at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction on the stepped surface of the large diameter portion 118 and the small diameter portion 119.

  A valve piston 53 is incorporated in the valve housing hole 52 and the opening is sealed with a valve cap 83. The valve cap 83 includes a substantially rectangular upper plate 124, and a cylindrical tube portion 85 is integrally formed on the lower surface thereof so as to extend downward. The valve cap 83 is attached by fitting the cylindrical portion 85 into the upper opening of the valve accommodating hole 52 (the upper portion of the large-diameter hole 115). At that time, the lower surface of the upper plate 124 of the valve cap 83 is brought into contact with the upper surface of the peripheral side wall of the valve accommodating hole 52. Further, by screwing the screw 125 into the valve housing 5 through the upper plate 124, both are integrated. At this time, the gap between the valve housing 5 and the valve cap 83 is sealed by the O-ring 88. In this way, the valve cap 83 is detachably attached to the upper end portion of the valve accommodation hole 52.

  A small diameter portion 119 of the valve piston 53 is passed through the valve cap 83 in a watertight state. That is, the upper plate 124 of the valve cap 83 has a through hole at the center, and the small diameter portion 119 of the valve piston 53 is passed through the through hole. A gap between the valve piston 53 and the valve cap 83 is sealed by the O-ring 126 held by the valve cap 83. The O-ring 126 is mounted from below the valve cap 83 and is held by a seal retainer 127 attached to the lower surface of the upper plate 124 of the valve cap 83.

  As described above, the small diameter portion 119 of the valve piston 53 is opened upward to be formed with a screw hole 122, and a piston hook 123 is attached to the screw hole 122. The valve piston 53 can be moved up and down by the lever 128 via the piston hook 123.

  Specifically, a lever shaft 129 is provided in the upper part of the valve housing 5 in front of and behind the cam shaft 48 in parallel with the cam shaft 48, and a plurality of levers 128 swing on each lever shaft 129. It is provided as possible. One end of each lever 128 is swingably held by the piston hook 123 at the upper end of the valve piston 53, and the pin at the other end is engaged with the pin groove 130 on the side surface of the cam 47. Accordingly, the valve piston 53 can be moved up and down by the lever 128 moving around the lever shaft 129 in accordance with the shape of the pin groove 130 on the side surface of the cam 47.

  As shown in FIG. 12, in the second embodiment, four cams 47 are arranged, and levers 128 for operating each valve of the first valve group 49 are engaged with one end surface thereof, and the other end surface thereof is engaged. The lever 128 for operating each valve of the second valve group 50 is engaged.

  As shown on the right side of FIG. 15, in a state where the valve piston 53 is pushed downward and the enlarged diameter portion 121 (first seal material 77) below the valve piston 53 is fitted into the small diameter hole 116 of the valve accommodation hole 52, Communication between the first opening 56 and the second opening 57 is blocked. Conversely, as shown on the right side of FIG. 14, in the state where the valve piston 53 is pulled upward and the enlarged diameter portion 121 below the valve piston 53 is pulled out from the small diameter hole 116 of the valve accommodation hole 52, the first opening 56. Communication with the second opening 57 is ensured.

  The enlarged diameter portion 120 (second seal material 78) above the valve piston 53 is fitted into the cylinder portion 85 of the valve cap 83 and slides inside the cylinder portion 85. A chamber 94 is formed between the valve piston 53 and the cylindrical portion 85 of the valve cap 83 (FIG. 15). The chamber 94 communicates with the first opening 56 side through a communication hole 76 (FIG. 13) of the valve piston 53. Accordingly, in the valve closed state, the chamber 94 communicates with the first opening 56 on the distal end side through the communication hole 76 of the valve piston 53, and part of the fluid pressure in the valve opening direction and the valve closing direction applied to the valve piston 53. Or balance everything. Thereby, even when the 1st opening 56 is used as a fluid inlet side (high pressure side), the driving force required for opening and closing can be reduced.

  In addition to the valves constituting the second valve group 50 (second backwash drain valve 11, first backwash drain valve 9, wash drain valve 10 and second spare valve 13), the first spare of the first valve group 49 The valve 12 is smaller than each valve (the first water valve 6, the second water valve 7, and the bypass valve 8) other than the first preliminary valve 12 constituting the first valve group 49. 8 is basically the same configuration. Therefore, the following description will be focused on the different points, and corresponding portions will be described with the same reference numerals. However, the configuration of each valve of the first valve group 49 excluding the first preliminary valve 12 can be distinguished from the configuration of each valve of the second valve group 50 (and the first preliminary valve 12 of the first valve group 49). Thus, the suffix “A” is attached to the latter configuration. For example, the valve piston of the first valve group 49 is shown as “valve piston 53”, while the valve piston of the second valve group 50 is shown as “valve piston 53A”.

  Referring to FIG. 11, in the second backwash drain valve 11, the first opening 56 </ b> A communicates with the second upper water passage and the second opening 57 </ b> A communicates with the drain 25. In the first backwash drain valve 9, the first opening 56 </ b> A communicates with the first upper water passage 17 and the second opening 57 </ b> A communicates with the drain 25. The cleaning drain valve 10 has a first opening 56 </ b> A communicating with the lower water inlet 19 and a second opening 57 </ b> A communicating with the drain 25.

  As shown in FIG. 13, in each of the valves 6 to 8 of the first valve group 49 excluding the first preliminary valve 12, the communication hole 76 of the valve piston 53 opens to the lower end surface and the stepped surface of the large diameter portion 118. However, in each of the valves 9, 10, 11, 13 of the second valve group 50 and the first preliminary valve 12 of the first valve group 49, the communication hole 76A of the valve piston 53A has a large diameter portion 118A. An opening is formed in the lower end surface and the peripheral side surface of the small diameter portion 119A. That is, openings are formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction at the lower portion of the peripheral side wall of the small diameter portion 119A, and each opening is an upper opening of the communication hole 76A. The communication hole 76A also opens to the lower end surface of the valve piston 53A. Further, in each valve 9, 10, 11, 13 of the second valve group 50 and the first spare valve 12 of the first valve group 49, the large diameter portion 118A and the small diameter portion 119A of the valve piston 53A have substantially the same diameter. It is said.

  In addition, in the design of the valve cap 83 (83A) and the valve piston 53 (53A), the valves 6 to 13 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 are slightly different, but there is no fundamental difference. Description is omitted.

  As described above, the valves 6 to 13 of the first valve group 49 and the second valve group 50 are opened / closed by the cam 47 via the lever 128. That is, the cam 47 is provided with the cam 47 corresponding to each of the valves 6 to 13, and the pin groove 130 is formed on the side surface of the cam 47. On the other hand, the lever 128 is held at one end by the piston hook 123 (123A) at the upper end of the valve piston 53 (53A), while the pin at the other end engages with the pin groove 130 on the side surface of the cam 47. Yes. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the valve piston 53 (53A) can be directly moved up and down by the lever 128 without using a spring.

  When the lever 128 pushes the valve piston 53 (53A) downward along with the rotation of the camshaft 48, the lower end of the valve piston 53 (53A) is fitted into the small diameter hole 116 (116A), and the valve is closed. Conversely, if the lever 128 pulls the valve piston 53 (53A) upward along with the rotation of the camshaft 48, the lower end of the valve piston 53 (53A) is removed from the small diameter hole 116 (116A), and the valve is opened. It becomes.

  By changing the shape of the pin groove 130 corresponding to each valve 6-13, it can control to an open / close state as shown in FIGS. The cam 47 is rotated by rotating the cam shaft 48 with a motor. The rotation of the motor 108 is controlled by a command signal output from the control unit 150A. When a command signal is output from the control unit 150 </ b> A to rotate the motor, the rotational force is transmitted to the camshaft 48 via the reduction gear train 109. The rotational position of the cam 47 can be controlled by a command signal output from the controller 150A to the motor. The cam 47 is intermittently rotated for each process.

  The camshaft 48 is provided with two sensor plates 143 and 144 as shown in FIG. The first sensor plate 143 is formed with a notch 113 for detecting the origin at one place in the circumferential direction, and the second sensor plate 144 is formed with a notch 114 for process detection corresponding to each process position. Has been. The notches 113 and 114 of the sensor plates 143 and 144 can be read by a photo sensor (not shown) such as a photo interrupter. When each notch 113, 114 is read by the sensor, a detection signal is transmitted from each sensor to the control unit 150A. Therefore, the control unit 150A can confirm the origin position and the current position of the cam 47 (in other words, which process is being executed) from the detection signal transmitted from the sensor. Further, a process instruction plate 145 is provided at the end of the camshaft 48 so that such a process position can be visually confirmed.

  By the way, in each said embodiment, the valve housing 5, the valve frame 58 (58A), the valve piston 53 (53A), the valve cap 83 (83A), etc. of the flow path switching valve 1 (1A) are resin molded parts. In these parts, a seal ring such as an O-ring or an X-ring is attached, and there is a portion that seals a gap with another member. For example, the valve piston 53 (53A) is fitted with a first seal material 77 (77A) or a second seal material 78 (78A) to seal the gap between the valve seat portion 67 and the cylinder portion 85.

  Conventionally, in a fluid seal structure using a resin molded part, an annular groove is formed in the resin molded part, and a seal ring is fitted therein. However, in this method, it is a condition that the seal ring is sandwiched between the two sliding members. Otherwise, the seal ring may be detached from the annular groove due to the negative pressure due to the flow velocity of the fluid. is there. In order to prevent this, the seal ring has to be hooked in the annular groove by forming a large inner diameter side attached to the resin molded part. On the other hand, the plastic of the resin molded part 146 and the rubber of the seal ring 147 may be intermolecularly bonded.

  The preferred embodiment of the flow path switching valve according to the present invention has been described above. However, the flow path switching valve 1 (1A) according to the present invention is not limited to the configuration of each of the embodiments described above, and can be changed as appropriate. For example, in each of the embodiments described above, the flow path switching valve 1 (1A) includes eight valves, but the number of valves can be changed according to the configuration of the filtration device 2. Even in that case, the first valve group 49 includes the first water valve 6, the second water valve 7, and the bypass valve 8, and the first preliminary valve 12 is the first valve group 49 or the second valve group. 50, and the second valve group 50 may include the remaining valves that are not included in the first valve group 49.

  Moreover, the structure of each valve 6-13 is not limited to said each embodiment. Even in such a case, each of the valves 6 to 13 is preferably provided in a valve housing hole 52 formed in the valve housing 5 so that the valve piston 53 can be advanced and retracted. The valve piston 53 abuts the first seal member 77 against the valve seat 67 (which may be a valve hole as in the second embodiment) to block communication between the first opening 56 and the second opening 57. In this state, the second sealing material 78 forms a chamber 94 at the proximal end of the valve housing hole 52, and this chamber 94 communicates with the first opening 56 via the communication hole 76 of the valve piston 53. Good.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A Flow-path switching valve 2,2A Filtration apparatus 3 Pressure tank 5 Valve housing 6 1st water flow valve 7 2nd water flow valve 8 Bypass valve 9 1st backwash drain valve 10 Washing drain valve 11 2nd backwash drainage Valve 12 Preliminary valve 13 Preliminary valve 14 First water channel 15 Second water channel 16 Second backwash drainage channel 17 First upper water channel 19 Lower water channel 21 Second upper water channel 22 Raw water port 23 Treated water port 24 Bypass channel 25 Drain port 26 First backwash drainage channel 27 Washing drainage channel 48 Camshaft 49 First valve group 50 Second valve group 150, 150A Control unit

Claims (6)

A filtration device comprising a pressure tank that accommodates a filter medium bed, a flow path switching valve connected to the pressure tank, and a control unit that controls the flow path switching valve,
The flow path switching valve is provided with a plurality of valves in a valve housing in which a setting flow path is formed.
On the upper part of the valve housing, a camshaft for operating each valve is provided along the left-right direction,
With the camshaft as a boundary, the plurality of valves are arranged separately in the front and rear in a first valve group and a second valve group,
The first valve group includes a first water valve provided in a first water passage from the raw water inlet to the pressure tank, and a second water passage provided in a second water passage from the pressure tank to the treated water outlet. A valve and a bypass valve provided in a bypass passage connecting the first water passage and the second water passage are arranged side by side,
In the second valve group, the remaining valves not included in the first valve group are arranged side by side,
The said control part outputs the command signal which switches the flow of the fluid of water flow operation, and the flow of the fluid of washing | cleaning operation | movement with respect to the said flow-path switching valve. The pressure tank includes a first upper water passage, a lower water passage, and a second upper water passage,
The valve housing includes the raw water inlet, the treated water outlet, and a drain outlet.
The first water valve provided in the first water passage from the raw water inlet to the first upper water passage;
The second water valve provided in the second water passage from the lower water passage to the treated water outlet;
Provided in the bypass passage that connects the first water passage on the raw water inlet side with respect to the first water passage valve and the second water passage on the treated water outlet side with respect to the second water passage valve. A bypass valve;
A first backwash drain valve provided in a first backwash drainage channel from the first upper water passage to the drain;
A second backwash drain valve provided in a second backwash drainage channel from the second upper water passage to the drain;
A washing drain valve provided in a washing drainage channel from the lower water inlet to the drain;
The first valve group includes the first water valve, the second water valve, and the bypass valve,
The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the second valve group includes the first backwash drain valve, the second back wash drain valve, and the wash drain valve. As the arrangement of each valve in the first valve group and the second valve group,
The bypass valve is disposed between the first water valve and the second water valve,
The first backwash drain valve and the wash drain valve are disposed adjacent to each other, and the second backwash drain valve is disposed adjacent to the first back wash drain valve,
The raw water inlet and the treated water outlet are provided on the first valve group side,
The filtration device according to claim 2, wherein the drain port is provided on the second valve group side. The water flow operation includes a water flow step, and the washing operation includes a back washing step, a sedimentation step, and a washing step,
In the water flow step, the control unit opens the first water flow valve and the second water flow valve and closes other valves, and in the backwash step, the second water flow valve, The bypass valve and the first backwash drain valve are opened and the other valves are closed. In the sedimentation step, the bypass valve is opened and the other valves are closed. In the washing step, the first valve The filtration device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the water passage valve, the bypass valve, and the washing / draining valve are opened and the other valves are closed. The water flow operation includes a water flow step, and the washing operation includes a back washing step, a sedimentation step, and a washing step,
In the water flow step, the control unit opens the first water flow valve and the second water flow valve and closes other valves, and in the backwash step, the second water flow valve, Open the bypass valve, the first backwash drain valve and the second backwash drain valve, close the other valve, and in the settling step, open the bypass valve and close the other valve, The filtration device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in the cleaning step, the first water flow valve, the bypass valve, and the cleaning drain valve are opened, and the other valves are closed. The water flow operation includes a water flow step, and the cleaning operation includes an initial backwash step, a late backwash step, a sedimentation step, and a wash step,
In the water flow step, the control unit opens the first water flow valve and the second water flow valve and closes other valves, and in the initial backwash step, the second water flow valve, The bypass valve, the first backwash drain valve and the second backwash drain valve are opened, and the other valves are closed. In the latter backwash process, the second water flow valve, the bypass valve and the The first backwash drain valve is opened and the other valves are closed.In the sedimentation step, the bypass valve is opened and the other valves are closed.In the washing step, the first water flow valve, The filtration device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the bypass valve and the washing drain valve are opened and the other valves are closed.

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