JP2014224380A - Excavation routing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavation routing method that makes it possible to perform construction management relatively simply, concerning curve construction of a shield tunnel in a three-dimensional underground space.SOLUTION: An excavation routing method is provided for matching a central axis of a tunnel excavator in an end point of a section including a curve with a target axis having a twisted position relationship with respect to a central axis of the tunnel excavator in the start point of the section. The method includes: a first step of providing a first excavation route R1 on a first plane P1 including the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the start point of the section; a second step of providing a second excavation route R2 on a second plane P2 containing the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the termination of the first excavation route R1 and intersecting with the first plane P1; and a third step of providing a third excavation route R3 on a third plane P3 containing the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the termination of second excavation route R2 and the target axis, and intersecting with the second plane P2.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation route setting method.

  When constructing a shield tunnel with a curved portion (see Patent Document 1), a taper ring (segment ring combining taper segments) with a taper formed on the end face according to the curve alignment is arranged and the shield jack is operated. It is common to perform construction by doing.

  Conventionally, shield tunnels with curved sections are generally constructed so that the segment ring does not rotate while the gradient is constant (so that the top of the segment ring does not tilt). there were.

Japanese Patent No. 4566927

In recent years, there is an increasing need to construct a large underground space by the non-cutting method in the underground of urban areas.
As a construction method for such an underground space, for example, there is a method in which a plurality of small-section tunnels are juxtaposed from a preceding tunnel to form an outer shell and excavated inside the outer shell.

  In this construction method, curved excavation may be performed while changing the longitudinal gradient, but when the excavation route cannot be set along a single plane, the excavation route is twisted.

  The construction of a shield tunnel with twisting requires the operation of the jack to be complicated because it is necessary to sequentially change the direction of excavation. Further, changing the shape and arrangement position of the taper segment is complicated.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to propose a method for setting an excavation route that enables relatively simple construction management with respect to the curved construction of the shield tunnel in the underground space.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention sets the center axis of the tunnel machine at the end point of the section including the curve to the target axis that is twisted with respect to the center axis of the tunnel machine at the start point of the section. A method for setting an excavation route for matching, a first step of providing a first excavation route on a first plane including a central axis of a tunnel excavator at the start point of the section, and at the end of the first excavation route A second step of providing a second excavation route on a second plane that includes the central axis of the tunnel excavator and intersects the first plane; and the central axis and the target axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the second excavation route And a third step of providing a third excavation route on a third plane intersecting the second plane, and in the second step, at the end of the second excavation route The central axis of the tunnel excavator is characterized by setting the second excavation route so as to be parallel to the target axis.

According to this excavation route setting method, construction management can be easily performed by using three planes.
That is, since the excavation route with twist is set by a combination of curves on a plane, jack operation and segment management are relatively easy.

  Further, the excavation route setting method according to the second invention is a target in which the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the end point of the section including the curve is twisted with respect to the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the start point of the section. A method for setting an excavation route to coincide with an axis, the first step of providing a first excavation route on a first plane including a central axis of a tunnel excavator at the start point of the section, A second step of providing a second excavation route on a second plane that includes the center axis of the tunnel excavator at the end and the target axis and intersects the first plane, and in the first step, the first step The first excavation route is set such that a central axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the excavation route is parallel to the target axis.

  That is, when starting from an existing tunnel and having a desired angle in advance, construction management can be easily performed by using two planes.

  According to the excavation route setting method of the present invention, it is possible to perform construction management relatively easily with respect to the curved construction of the shield tunnel in the underground space.

It is a top view which shows the underground structure which comprised the some small cross section tunnel containing a curve area. It is a perspective view which shows a part of small section tunnel which forms the underground structure of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of a direction angle. It is a perspective view which shows a 1st plane and a 1st excavation route. (A) is a schematic diagram which shows the 1st excavation route before rotational coordinate conversion, (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the 1st excavation route after rotational coordinate conversion. (A) is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd excavation route before rotational coordinate conversion, (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd excavation route after rotational coordinate conversion.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of small section tunnels t, t... Are started from the approach tunnel T2 at the junction of the main tunnel T1 and the approach tunnel T2, and a plurality of small section tunnels are formed. A case will be described in which an underground structure surrounding the junction is formed by arranging the main tunnel T1 and the approach tunnel T2 together.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the section including the starting portion of the small section tunnel t, the center axis of the tunnel machine at the end point (target point) Ep of the section is the center axis of the tunnel machine at the start point (start point) Sp. Is twisted with respect to the position.
In this embodiment, the excavation route is set so that the center axis of the tunnel excavator at the start point Sp coincides with the central axis (target axis) of the tunnel excavator at the end point Ep.

The start point Sp and the end point Ep are not close to each other, and there is a sufficient distance between them.
In addition, the start point Sp and the end point Ep have directions in which the curves are in contact with each other, but the directions are different from each other.

In the description, the direction angle is represented by a horizontal direction angle θ _yx taken from the Y axis to the X axis and a vertical direction angle θ _z formed with the XY plane, as shown in FIG. That is, the horizontal direction angle θ _yx is an angle formed by the central axis of the small section tunnel t projected on the XY plane and the Y axis, and the vertical direction angle θ _z is an angle formed by the XY plane and the central axis of the small section tunnel t. It is. In setting the route, the curve is set on the XY plane by translational coordinate transformation and rotational coordinate transformation. At this time, the direction of the start and end is expressed by an angle from the Y axis to the X axis (θ ₁₀ , Θ ₁₁ , θ ₂₀ and θ ₂₁ ).

In this embodiment, the center axis of the approach tunnel T2 in the starting portion of the small cross-section tunnel t will be described as the Y axis.
Note that the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are orthogonal to each other. Moreover, although this embodiment illustrates the case where the XY plane is a horizontal plane and the YZ plane is a vertical plane, the present invention is not limited to this.

Further, the coordinates of the starting point are Ts (xs, ys, zs), and the coordinates of the target point are Tt (xt, yt, zt).
The horizontal direction angle at the starting point is θ _yxs , the vertical direction angle is θ _zs , the horizontal direction angle at the target point is θ _yxt , and the vertical direction angle is θ _zt .

  The setting of the excavation route includes the first step of providing the first excavation route R1 on the first plane P1 including the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the section start point Sp, and the center of the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route R1. A second step of providing a second excavation route R2 on a second plane P2 including an axis and intersecting the first plane P1, and including a center axis and a target axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the second excavation route R2 and And a third step of providing a third excavation route R3 on the third plane P3 intersecting the two planes P2 (see FIG. 2).

  The first excavation route R1, the second excavation route R2, and the third excavation route R3 are set with curves.

  In the first step, the first excavation having a curve on the first plane P1 is set so as to reach the end of the preset first excavation route R1 with the start point Sp of the section as the start end of the first excavation route R1. Route R1 is set.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the first plane P1 is a plane formed by the center axis and the Y axis (center axis of the approach tunnel T2) when the tunnel excavator started from the approach tunnel T2 is started. That is, the first plane P1 is a plane extending radially from the Y axis.

  In the present embodiment, the first plane P1 is set so as to include the Y axis, but the first plane P1 may be set so as to intersect the Y axis. Further, the first plane P1 may coincide with the XY plane, the YZ plane, and the XZ plane.

In the second step, the second excavation route R1 has a curve on the second plane P2 so that the end of the second excavation route R2 is reached with the end of the first excavation route R1 as the starting end of the second excavation route R2. A second excavation route R2 is set.
The direction angle of the central axis of the tunnel machine at the end of the second excavation route R2 is set to be equal to the direction angle at the target point.

  In the third step, the end of the second excavation route R2 is set as the start end of the third excavation route R3, and the third excavation route R3 that rubs to the end point (target point) of the section is set on the third plane P3.

  In the third step, the direction angle at the start end of the third excavation route R3 (= direction angle at the end of the second excavation route R2) is equal to the direction angle at the target point. It can be set to rub against the target axis on the third plane P3 including the center axis and the target axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the excavation route R2.

Next, a specific excavation route setting method will be described.
In the present embodiment, the setting of the curve of the first excavation route R1 is performed in a state in which the rotational coordinates are converted from the first plane to the curve on the XY plane. As shown in FIG. 5A, the first excavation route R1 is obtained by setting the starting end (= starting point) in a local coordinate system translated from the origin and then reversely performing the above-described translation.

As shown in FIG. 4, the angle of the central axis of the tunnel machine at the start point (starting point) is α from the X axis in the XZ plane (the angle from the X axis when the central axis is projected onto the XZ plane is α ), When β is from the Y axis, coordinate conversion is performed around the Y axis by an angle corresponding to α (−α) at the starting end of the first excavation route R1, as shown in FIG. 5B. Then, a curve R1 ′ is set on the XY plane. In this case, θ ₁₀ matches β. The angle theta ₁₁ is set by the method described below.

If the direction angle of the center axis of the tunnel machine at the start point (start point) is θ _yx10 (= θ _yxs ), θ _z10 (= θ _zs ), −θ _yx10 (= −θ _yxs ) around the Z axis ) After the rotation, the curve R1 ′ may be set on the XY plane by rotating by −θ _z10 (= −θ _zs ) around the X axis.

When the curve R1 ′ is set, the curve R1 ′ on the XY plane is subjected to rotational coordinate conversion, and is represented as a first excavation route R1 on the first plane P1, as shown in FIG. That is, the rotation coordinate conversion of the curve R1 ′ is performed by the opposite angle of the positive and negative angles in the reverse procedure of the rotation coordinate conversion. For example, if the center axis of the tunneling machine at the start point (start point) is the direction of angle α from the X axis and angle β with the Y axis in the XZ plane, the curve R1 ′ is rotated around the Y axis. Performs rotation coordinate conversion for angle α. In addition, after rotating −θ _yx10 (= −θ _yxs ) around the Z axis, the first excavation route on the first plane is changed to the XY plane by rotating −θ _z10 (= −θ _zs ) around the X axis. In the case shown above, after rotating the curve R1 ′ around the X axis by θ _z10 (= θ _zs ), rotation coordinate transformation is performed by rotating around the Z axis by θ _yx10 (= θ _yxs ).

As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the second excavation route R2 is obtained by setting the end of the first excavation route R1 in a local coordinate system that has been translated from the origin, and then reversely performing the above-mentioned translation. Therefore, the second excavation route R2 is set by first rotating the angle θ _z ′ around the X axis to set a curve R2 ′ on the XY plane as shown in FIG. 6B. Here, the angle θ _z ′ is set by a method described later.

'Sets the start angle theta ₂₀ and the end of the angle theta _21, the curve R2 connecting the angle theta ₂₁ of start angle theta ₂₀ and terminating' curve R2 in the XY plane to set a. The angles θ ₂₀ and θ ₂₁ are set by a method described later.

When the curve R2 ′ is set, rotational coordinate conversion is performed by rotating the curve R2 ′ around the X axis by −θ _z ′ so as to be the second excavation route R2 on the second plane (see FIG. 6A). ).

Next, a method for setting the angle θ _z ′ will be described. The angle θ _z ′ is an angle for converting the second excavation route R2 into a curve on the XY plane by converting rotational coordinates around the X axis. Since the direction of the terminal end of the second excavation route is made coincident with the direction of the target point, the angle θ _z ′ is an angle for rotating the direction of the target point around the X axis to face the XY plane.

When the direction of the target point is displayed as a vector, it is expressed as follows using the direction angles θ _yxt and θ _zt . L is a constant.
(x, y, z) = (L ・_{cosθ zt}・ sinθ _yxt , L ・_{cosθ zt}・_{cosθ yxt} , L ・ sinθ _zt )

When this is rotated about the X axis by an angle θ _z ′, the direction of the target point is expressed as follows.
x '= L ・_{cosθ zt}・ sinθ _yxt
y '= (L ・_{cosθ zt}・_{cosθ yxt} ) ・_{cosθ z} ' − (L ・ sinθ _zt ) ・ sinθ _z '
z '= (L ・_{cosθ zt}・_{cosθ yxt} ) ・ sinθ _z ' + (L ・ sinθ _zt ) ・ cosθ _z '

In order for the direction of the target point rotated by θ _z ′ around the X axis to be on the XY plane, z ′ = 0 needs to be satisfied. When z ′ = 0 and θ _z ′ is obtained, it is as follows.
z '= 0 = (L ・_{cosθ zt}・_{cosθ yxt} ) ・ sinθ _z ' + (L ・ sinθ _zt ) ・ cosθ _z '
θ _z '= arctan (-tanθ _zt / _{cosθ yxt} )

The angle θ _{21 at} the end of the curve R2 ′ that has been subjected to rotational coordinate conversion on the XY plane is expressed by the following equation.
θ ₂₁ = arctan (x '/ y')
= arctan {sinθ _yxt / ( _{cosθ yxt} · _{cosθ z} '-tanθ _zt · sinθ _z ')}

θ _z ′ is a rotation angle with respect to the central axis at the end of the second excavation route R2, but the central axis at the start end of the second excavation route R2 is also rotated around the X axis at the same rotation angle θ _z ′. It needs to face on a plane. Second drilling route starting end of the directional angle theta _Yx20 of R2, theta _z20 the direction angle theta _Yx11 end of the first drilling route R1, the same as theta _z11.

When the direction of the starting end of the second excavation route R2 is displayed as a vector, it is expressed as follows using the direction angles θ _yx11 and θ _z11 . L is a constant.
(x, y, z) = (L ・_{cosθ z11}・ sinθ _yx11 , L ・_{cosθ z11}・_{cosθ yx11} , L ・ sinθ _z11 )

When this is rotated around the X axis by θ _z ′, the direction of the starting end of the second excavation route is expressed as follows.
x '= L ・_{cosθ z11}・ sinθ _yx11
y '= (L ・_{cosθ z11}・_{cosθ yx11} ) ・_{cosθ z} ' − (L ・ sinθ _z11 ) ・ sinθ _z '
z '= (L ・_{cosθ z11}・_{cosθ yx11} ) ・ sinθ _z ' + (L ・ sinθ _z11 ) ・_{cosθ z} '

In order for the direction of the starting end of the second excavation route rotated by θ _z ′ around the X axis to be on the XY plane, z ′ = 0 needs to be satisfied. When z ′ = 0, the following equation (1) is obtained.
z '= 0 = (L ・_{cosθ z11}・_{cosθ yx11} ) ・ sinθ _z ' + (L ・ sinθ _z11 ) ・_{cosθ z} '
_{cosθ z11} · _{cosθ yx11} · sinθ _z '+ sinθ _z11 · _{cosθ z} ' = 0 (1)

Further, the angle θ ₂₀ of the starting point of the curve R2 ′ that has been subjected to rotational coordinate conversion on the XY plane is expressed by the following equation.
θ ₂₀ = arctan (x '/ y')
_{= arctan {sinθ yx11 / (cosθ} yx11 · cosθ z '-tanθ z11 · sinθ z')}

If the central axis of the tunnel machine at the start point (start point) is in the direction of angle α from the X axis to the XZ plane and angle β with the Y axis, the end of the curve R1 ′ on the XY plane After setting the angle θ ₁₁ , by performing rotational coordinate conversion for α around the Y axis, the direction angles θ _yx11 and θ _{z11 at} the end of the first excavation route R1 are obtained.

The direction of the angle θ _{11 at} the end of the curve R1 ′ on the XY plane is expressed as a vector as follows. L is a constant.
(x, y, z) = (L ・ sinθ ₁₁ , L ・ cosθ ₁₁ , 0)

When the direction vector of the end angle θ ₁₁ is rotated α around the Y axis, the end direction of the first excavation route R1 is expressed as follows.
x '= L ・ sinθ ₁₁・ cosα
y '= L ・ cosθ ₁₁
z '= − L ・ sinθ ₁₁・ sinα

Thereby, Formula (2) and Formula (3) are obtained.
θ _yx11 = arctan (x '/ y')
= arctan (L ・ sinθ ₁₁・ cosα / L ・ cosθ ₁₁ )
= arctan (tanθ ₁₁・ cosα) (2)
θ _z11 = arcsin (z '/ L)
= arcsin (−L ・ sinθ ₁₁・ sinα / L)
= arcsin (−sinθ ₁₁・ sinα) (3)

By substituting Equation (2) and Equation (3) into Equation (1) and applying a numerical analysis method or the like, the end angle θ ₁₁ of the curve R1 ′ on the XY plane can be obtained.

According to the excavation route setting method of the present embodiment, construction management can be easily performed by using three planes.
That is, since the excavation route with twist is set by a combination of curves on the plane, jack operation and segment management become relatively easy.

  The embodiment according to the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the above-described components can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the tunnel excavation route is set using three planes, but the tunnel excavation at the starting point is not necessary, for example, when the setting of the direction of the starting end of the first excavation route is not limited. When the direction angle of the machine can be set to a desired angle in advance, the tunnel excavation route may be set using two planes.

The tunnel excavation route setting method in this case includes the first step of providing the first excavation route on the first plane including the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the start point of the section, and the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route And a second step of providing a second excavation route on a second plane that includes the central axis and the target axis and intersects the first plane.
At this time, in the first step, the first excavation route is set so that the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route is parallel to the target axis.

Here, in order to “become the center axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route is parallel to the target axis”, for example, θ _yx11 represented by the above formulas (2) and (3) θ _z11 may be θ _yx11 = θ _yxt and θ _z11 = θ _zt , respectively.
If θ _yx11 = θ _yxt and θ _z11 = θ _{zt in} Equation (2) and Equation (3), two relational expressions with α and θ ₁₁ as unknowns can be obtained. For example, α and θ ₁₁ can be obtained.

  If the direction angle of the tunnel excavator at the starting point is set to α (desired angle), the tunnel excavation route can be set using two planes.

P1 first plane P2 second plane P3 third plane R1 first excavation route R2 second excavation route R3 third excavation route T1 main tunnel T2 approach tunnel t small section tunnel

Claims (2)

A tunneling route setting method for matching a center axis of a tunnel machine at an end point of a section including a curve with a target axis that is twisted with respect to a center axis of the tunnel machine at a start point of the section, ,
A first step of providing a first excavation route on a first plane including the central axis of the tunnel machine at the start of the section;
A second step of providing a second excavation route on a second plane that includes the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route and intersects the first plane;
A third step of providing a third excavation route on a third plane including the central axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the second excavation route and the target axis and intersecting the second plane;
In the second step, the second excavation route is set such that the center axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the second excavation route is parallel to the target axis. A tunneling route setting method for matching a center axis of a tunnel machine at an end point of a section including a curve with a target axis that is twisted with respect to a center axis of the tunnel machine at a start point of the section, ,
A first step of providing a first excavation route on a first plane including the central axis of the tunnel machine at the start of the section;
A second step of providing a second excavation route on a second plane that includes the center axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route and the target axis and intersects the first plane;
In the first step, the first excavation route is set such that a center axis of the tunnel excavator at the end of the first excavation route is parallel to the target axis.

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