JP2014222573A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchanger that is able to adjust a heating temperature and a quantity of exchanged heat, by using a heating element that is able to make the heating temperatures different from each other according to a surface area or voltage.SOLUTION: A heat exchanger according to the invention has a plurality of heating containers 40 arranged in parallel in a heating tank 10, and heats a liquid in the heating tank 10. In the heat exchanger, a heating plate 50 is arranged in each heating container 40. Each heating plate 50 is composed by providing on the surface of a substrate 52 a plurality of heating elements 51 different from each other in heating temperature at the same input voltage due to the length and widths between electrode terminals 53. These heating elements 51 are arranged so as to be electrically connected in parallel.

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for heating water flowing in a water pipe.

An apparatus that uses a planar heating element when heating a liquid has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
In addition, an apparatus using a planar heating element that has a large amount of heat and can generate a high temperature has been proposed as compared with a heating element that is made of a conventional nichrome wire.
For example, Patent Document 2 is a liquid heating apparatus using a heating element mainly composed of a nickel indium oxide compound and inserting the heating element into a liquid heating tube.
Patent Document 3 uses a heating element to which a paint added with a highly conductive nickel indium oxide compound is applied, and this heating element is used for a snow melting mat or a warm bed mat.
Patent Document 4 is a gas heating device that uses a nickel-based alloy containing nickel, indium, and titanium as a heating element and heats a gas by the heating element, or a solid heating device that melts solids such as snow and ice. .

Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-111900 JP 2010-113805 A Japanese Patent No. 3997179 JP 2008-156711 A

In Patent Document 1, one surface of the planar heating element is exposed without being covered, and the heating efficiency is increased by bonding the exposed surface to the outer wall of the liquid tank. There is no clear description as to whether the heating element has special characteristics.
In Patent Document 2 to Patent Document 4, a heating element that is completely different from the nichrome wire is used, and the heating elements disclosed in these documents can have different heating temperatures depending on the surface area and voltage.
However, when this heating element is inserted into the liquid heating tube as in Patent Document 2, it must be noted that if the heating temperature of the heating element is increased, a vapor explosion occurs.
Patent Document 3 only discloses that the voltage is constant and the amount of electric power varies depending on the area, and does not describe any adjustment of the heat generation temperature.
Patent Document 4 also does not describe any adjustment of the heat generation temperature.

  An object of this invention is to provide the heat exchanger which can adjust heat_generation | fever temperature and the amount of heat exchange using the heat generating body which can vary heat_generation | fever temperature with a surface area and a voltage.

The heat exchanger of the present invention according to claim 1 is a heat exchanger in which a plurality of heat generating containers are provided in a heating tank and heats a liquid in the heating tank, and a heat generating plate is provided in each of the heat generating containers. The heating plate is formed by providing a plurality of heating elements having different heating temperatures under the same input voltage depending on the length and width between the electrode terminals on the surface of the substrate. It is characterized by being connected in parallel.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to the first aspect, all the heating elements have the same length and the same width.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to the first or second aspect, the first heating element is provided on the one surface of the substrate, and the first heat generating body is disposed on the other surface of the substrate. The heating element is provided, and the first heating element and the second heating element are covered with a heat-resistant tape in which a protective film made of a heat-resistant insulating resin or an integrated mica is bonded to various reinforcing materials with an epoxy resin. It is characterized by.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to third aspects, the heating element comprises a metal foil coated with a semiconductor film, and the semiconductor film is made of nickel. , Indium and titanium, a nickel-based alloy, characterized in that the mass ratio of indium / nickel is 0.001 to 0.2 and the mass ratio of titanium / nickel is 0.03 to 0.3. .
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the width of the heating element is 4 mm to 27 mm, and the input voltage applied to the heating element is 5 v. The heating temperature of the heating element is 100 ° C. or higher.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, a supply port for supplying the liquid to the heating tank, and an outlet for deriving steam from the heating tank The supply port is disposed below the outlet port, the outlet port is connected to a steam tank via a outlet pipe, and the steam tank is positioned higher than the full surface of the heating tank. It arrange | positions and the said full water surface was made into the position higher than the said exothermic container, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, a supply port for supplying the liquid to the heating tank, and a guide for leading the liquid from the heating tank. An outlet, and the supply port is disposed below the outlet port, the outlet port is connected to a heated liquid container via the outlet tube, and the supply port uses the heated liquid via the supply tube. It is connected to a container.

  According to the present invention, by connecting the heating elements in parallel, the length of the heating elements can be adjusted to obtain a predetermined heating temperature, and the number of heating elements is increased in order to increase the heat exchange amount. It can respond.

1 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a configuration of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention. The partially transparent perspective view which shows the structure of the heat exchanger by other Example of this invention. Table showing the measurement results of heat generation temperature when changing the area of the heating element and the input voltage The graph which shows the characteristic by the result of FIG.

  The heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a heat exchanger in which a plurality of heating containers are provided in a heating tank and heats liquid in the tank, and a heating plate is provided in each heating container. The heating plate is configured by providing multiple heating elements on the surface of the board with different heating temperatures under the same input voltage depending on the length and width between the electrode terminals, and these heating elements are electrically connected in parallel Are arranged. According to the present embodiment, by connecting the heating elements in parallel, the length of the heating elements can be adjusted to obtain a predetermined heating temperature, and the number of heating elements can be increased in order to increase the heat exchange amount. We can cope by increasing.

  The second embodiment of the present invention is such that all the heating elements have the same length and the same width in the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, by setting all the heating elements to the same width and length, the heating temperatures of all the heating elements can be made the same.

  According to a third embodiment of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to the first or second embodiment, the first heating element is provided on one surface of the substrate, and the second heat generation is performed on the other surface of the substrate. The first heating element and the second heating element are each covered with a heat-resistant tape in which a protective film made of a heat-resistant insulating resin or an integrated mica is bonded to various reinforcing materials with an epoxy resin. According to the present embodiment, the first heating element and the second heating element can be reliably insulated.

  According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to the first to third embodiments, the heating element is made of a metal foil coated with a semiconductor film. The semiconductor film includes nickel, indium, And a nickel-based alloy containing titanium, wherein the mass ratio of indium / nickel is 0.001 to 0.2, and the mass ratio of titanium / nickel is 0.03 to 0.3. According to this embodiment, the surface temperature of the metal foil can be further increased by the semiconductor film.

  According to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in the heat exchanger according to the first to fourth embodiments, the width of the heating element is 4 mm to 27 mm, the input voltage applied to the heating element is 5 v to 100 v, and the heating element The exothermic temperature is set to 100 ° C. or higher. According to this embodiment, steam can be generated at a low voltage.

  A sixth embodiment of the present invention includes, in the heat exchanger according to the first to fifth embodiments, a supply port that supplies a liquid to the heating tank, and a lead-out port that extracts the steam from the heating tank, The supply port is disposed below the outlet port, the outlet port is connected to the steam tank via the outlet pipe, the steam tank is disposed at a position higher than the full surface of the heating tank, and the full surface is Higher position. According to the present embodiment, liquid can be present in the heat generating container, and only steam can be guided to the steam tank.

  A seventh embodiment of the present invention includes, in the heat exchanger according to the first to fifth embodiments, a supply port that supplies a liquid to the heating tank, and a discharge port that leads the liquid from the heating tank, The supply port is disposed below the outlet port, the outlet port is connected to the heated liquid utilization container via the outlet pipe, and the supply port is connected to the heated liquid utilization container via the supply pipe. According to the present embodiment, a liquid heated to a high temperature can be used.

An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
FIG. 1 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a configuration of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The heat exchanger according to the present embodiment is a boiler provided with a heating tank 10, a liquid supply tank 20, a pump 80, and a steam tank 30.
The heating tank 10 is provided with a supply port 11 for supplying a liquid to the heating tank 10 and an outlet port 12 for extracting steam from the heating tank 10.
The heating tank 10 is supported by the support 15.
The liquid in the liquid supply tank 20 is supplied to the heating tank 10 by the pump 80, and the steam in the heating tank 10 is led to the steam tank 30.

The supply port 11 is disposed below the outlet 12. The supply port 11 is connected to the liquid supply tank 20 via the supply pipe 13, and the outlet port 12 is connected to the steam tank 30 via the outlet pipe 14.
The outlet 12 is disposed at a position higher than the full water surface of the heating tank 10. Further, by arranging the bottom surface of the steam tank 30 at a position higher than the full surface of the heating tank 10, only steam can be guided to the steam tank 30.
The heating tank 10 is provided with a pressure gauge 16 and a pressure reducing valve 17. The supply pipe 13, the outlet pipe 14, and the steam tank 30 are provided with pressure reducing valves 18, 19, and 32, respectively.

In the heating tank 10, a plurality of heating containers 40 are provided. The heating containers 40 are arranged in the heating tank 10 in parallel with each other in the horizontal direction. By setting the full water surface of the heating tank 10 to a position higher than the heating container 40, liquid can always be present in the heating container 40, and efficient steam generation can be performed.
The exothermic container 40 is configured by a hollow sealed metal container. An electrode wire conduit 41 is provided on one side of the heating container 40. The electrode wire conduit 41 is welded and fixed at both ends 42 to one side of the heat generating container 40, and is connected to the connecting tube 44 at the central portion 43.
The connecting pipe 44 connects the electrode wire conduit 41 of each heating container 40 and extends outside the heating tank 10.
The efficiency is further increased by providing fins on the surface of the heating container 40.

A heating plate 50 is disposed in each heating container 40.
The heat generating plate 50 is configured by providing, on the surface of the substrate 52, a plurality of heat generating elements 51 having different heat generation temperatures under the same input voltage depending on the length and width between the electrode terminals 53. These heating elements 51 are electrically connected in parallel. By connecting the heating elements 51 in parallel, the length of the heating elements 51 can be adjusted to obtain a predetermined heating temperature, and in order to increase the heat exchange amount, the number of heating elements 51 can be increased. it can.
In FIG. 1, a first heating element 51 a is provided on one surface of the substrate 52, and a second heating element 51 b is provided on the other surface of the substrate 52.

Electrode terminals 53 are formed on both ends of the first heating element 51a and the second heating element 51b. The first heating element 51a and the second heating element 51b are all formed in a flat plate shape with the same length and width (same area) between the electrode terminals 53, and are electrically connected in parallel.
The first heat generating element 51a and the second heat generating element 51b include a heat-resistant film in which a protective film made of a heat-resistant insulating resin such as a polyimide film or an integrated mica is bonded to various reinforcing materials with an epoxy resin, including the electrode terminal 53. Covered with tape (for example, fireproof mica tape manufactured by Okabe Mica Industries). Therefore, it is possible to reliably insulate the first heating element 51a and the second heating element 51b.

  The electrode wire 54 connected to the electrode terminal 53 is disposed in the electrode wire conduit 41 and the connecting tube 44 and is led out of the heating tank 10. Power is supplied from an external power source to each electrode terminal 53 by this electrode line 54.

  A steam exhaust pipe 31 is connected to the steam tank 30, and steam is led out from the steam exhaust pipe 31. The steam derived from the steam discharge pipe 31 is sent to a hot water supply facility, a turbine generator, a steam engine, etc., and used as hot water supply, power generation, and engine output.

Although not shown, it is preferable to provide an exhaust pipe on the upper surface of the liquid supply tank 20, and the expanded air in the liquid supply tank 20 can be discharged through the exhaust pipe.
The liquid supply tank 20 is preferably provided with a float switch so that water can always be stored up to the full water surface.

  When a heating container 40 provided with a heating element 51 having a width of 4 mm to 27 mm and a heating temperature of 100 ° C. to 400 ° C. is provided in the heating tank 10, the input voltage applied to these heating elements 51 is changed from 5 v to 100 v. A heat exchanger capable of generating steam could be manufactured.

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a configuration of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The heat exchanger according to this embodiment includes a heating tank 10, a liquid supply tank 20, a liquid storage tank 60, and a heating liquid utilization container 70. The same functional members as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted. Moreover, although the following description demonstrates the case where it uses for a fried food apparatus, other than oil can also be used as a liquid and it can also be used other than a fried food apparatus.

The heat exchanger according to the present embodiment uses edible oil as a liquid, stores the edible oil heated in the heating tank 10 in the liquid storage tank 60, and the edible oil heated from the liquid storage tank 60 to the heated liquid utilization container 70. By supplying it, it is used as a fried food device.
The edible oil used in the heated liquid use container 70 is returned to the heated tank 10 through the liquid supply tank 20 and reused.
In the path from the heated liquid use container 70 to the heating tank 10, it is preferable to provide a filtration layer 71. In FIG. 2, the filtration layer 71 is provided at the bottom of the heated liquid use container 70, and the filtration layer 71 is filtered. The edible oil is returned to the liquid supply tank 20 via the supply pipe 13.

  The heating element 51 described in the above embodiment is made of a metal foil coated with a semiconductor film. The metal foil is made of stainless steel, and the semiconductor film is made of a nickel-based alloy containing nickel, indium, and titanium. it can. In a nickel-based alloy containing nickel, indium, and titanium, the mass ratio of indium / nickel is 0.001 to 0.2, and the mass ratio of titanium / nickel is 0.03 to 0.3. The semiconductor film can be coated by vapor deposition or sputtering.

A stainless steel substrate having a thickness of 30 μm, a length of 1000 mm, and a width of 10 mm was used as the metal foil. The surface temperature with respect to the input voltage of 12v of the planar heating element coated with the nickel base alloy on this stainless steel substrate and the heating element only of the stainless steel substrate was measured. As a result, the heating element with only a stainless steel substrate had a temperature of 51 ° C., whereas the heating element with a stainless steel substrate coated with a nickel-based alloy had a temperature of 128 ° C.
Thus, in the sheet heating element in which the surface of the stainless steel substrate as a substrate is coated with the semiconductor film, heat is generated by a synergistic effect of the resistance heat of the stainless steel substrate and the heat and radiant heat due to the movement of electrons in the semiconductor film. That is, in addition to the resistance heat of the stainless steel substrate itself, the semiconductor film receives heat generated by the stainless steel substrate and generates heat.

For a planar heating element having a width of 1 mm, a length of 300 mm, and a thickness of 30 μm, electric power was compared using a rod-shaped nichrome wire having a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 300 mm as a comparative example.
The Nichrome wire as a comparative example requires a voltage of 10 v and a current of 10.4 A and 104 w in order to set the surface temperature to 340 ° C., whereas the planar heating element has a voltage of 28 v and a current of 2. The power was 1A, 58.8w.
The heating element 51 according to the present embodiment has a length of 330 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a thickness of 20 μm, and has an input voltage of 20 v. In this heating element 51, the heating temperature is 240 ° C. at an input voltage of 20v.

The characteristics of the heating element 51 are shown in FIGS.
FIG. 3 is a measurement result of the heat generation temperature when the area of the heating element and the input voltage are changed, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing characteristics according to the result of FIG.
According to the experiment, when a voltage of 15 V is applied when the length is 300 mm and the width is 5 mm, a current of 1.08 A flows and the heat generation temperature is 170 ° C. When the length is 300 mm and the width is 5 mm, when a voltage of 20 V is applied, When a current of 1.46 A flows, the heat generation temperature is 200 ° C., the length is 1000 mm, and the width is 5 mm, when a voltage of 20 V is applied, a current of 1.63 A flows, the heat generation temperature is 140 ° C., the length is 1000 mm, the width In the case of 8 mm, when a voltage of 20 V is applied, a current of 2.29 A flows and the heat generation temperature becomes 240 ° C. In the case of a length of 1000 mm and a width of 10 mm, when a voltage of 20 V is applied, a current of 3.01 A flows and the heat generation temperature When the voltage is 50 V and the length is 1000 mm and the width is 5 mm, a current of 3.93 A flows, the heat generation temperature is 428 ° C., and the length is 1 In the case of 00 mm and a width of 8 mm, when a voltage of 50 V is applied, a current of 5.68 A flows and the heat generation temperature becomes 673 ° C. In the case of a length of 1000 mm and a width of 10 mm, when a voltage of 50 V is applied, a current of 7.18 A flows. When the voltage of 100V is applied when the length is 1000mm and the width is 5mm, a current of 7.8A flows and the heat generation temperature is 800 ° C. When the length is 1000mm and the width is 8mm, the voltage is 100V. When applied, a current of 11.2 A flows, the heat generation temperature becomes 1200 ° C., and when the length is 1000 mm and the width is 10 mm, when a voltage of 100 V is applied, a current of 14.2 A flows and the heat generation temperature becomes 1400 ° C. In the case of 2000 mm and width 5 mm, when a voltage of 100 V is applied, a current of 4.17 A flows, the heat generation temperature is 407 ° C., and the length is 200 In the case of mm and width of 8 mm, when a voltage of 100 V is applied, a current of 6.05 A flows and the heat generation temperature becomes 630 ° C. In the case of a length of 2000 mm and a width of 10 mm, a current of 7.3 A flows when a voltage of 100 V is applied. When the heating temperature is 720 ° C., the length is 510 mm and the width is 12 mm, when a voltage of 30 V is applied, a current of 9 A flows, the heating temperature is 800 ° C., and when the length is 500 mm and the width is 10 mm, a voltage of 24 V is applied. 8.34 A current flows, the heat generation temperature is 580 ° C., the length is 500 mm, and the width is 15 mm. When a voltage of 20 V is applied, the current of 7 A flows, the heat generation temperature becomes 735 ° C., the length is 500 mm, the width is 20 mm. In this case, when a voltage of 30V is applied, a current of 5A flows, the heat generation temperature becomes 700 ° C., and when the length is 700mm and the width is 27mm, the voltage is Is applied, current of 4A flows, heat generation temperature becomes 540 ° C, length 1500mm, width 15mm, voltage 100V is applied, current of 5A flows, heat generation temperature becomes 1500 ° C, length 1500mm, width In the case of 5 mm, when a voltage of 100 V is applied, a current of 3 A flows and the heat generation temperature becomes 210 ° C. In the case of a length of 300 mm and a width of 3 mm, when a voltage of 12 V is applied, a current of 2 A flows and the heat generation temperature is 160 ° C. became.

  If the heating element 51 has the same length (dimension between the electrode terminals 53a and 53b), the wider the width (dimension in the direction perpendicular to the length direction), the higher the heat generation temperature. The shorter the temperature, the higher the heat generation temperature. Moreover, if the ratio of length and width is the same, the same heating temperature can be obtained with a smaller input voltage as the area is smaller.

However, considering the durability of the heating element 51, the width is preferably 4 mm or more, and more preferably 8 mm or more.
In order to obtain a high heat generation temperature with a small input voltage, it is preferable that the length of the heating element 51 is 300 mm to 2000 mm and the width is 15 mm or less.
The input voltage is suitably 5v to 100v, more preferably 5v to 50v. When a commercial power source is used, it is transformed to 5v, 20v, or 50v using a transformer.

It should be noted that by setting the length of the heating element 51 to 300 mm to 1000 mm and the width to 5 mm to 10 mm, the heating temperature of the heating element 51 can be set to 140 ° C. to 270 ° C. with a voltage of 20v.
Further, by setting the length of the heating element 51 to 1000 mm and the width to 5 to 10 mm, the heating temperature of the heating element 51 can be set to 428 ° C. to 700 ° C. with a voltage of 50v.
Further, by setting the length of the heating element 51 to 1000 mm to 2000 mm and the width to 5 mm to 10 mm, the heating temperature of the heating element 51 can be set to 407 ° C. to 720 ° C. with a voltage of 100v.

As described above, by setting all the heating elements 51 to the same width and the same length, the heating temperatures of all the heating elements 51 can be made the same, the fluid is heated to a predetermined temperature, or the steam is heated. Can be generated.
For generating steam, the heating temperature of the heating element 51 is preferably 100 ° C. to 1400 ° C.
Moreover, the boiler by a present Example can be used as a humidifier, a sterilizer, a heat retention apparatus, or a heating apparatus by maintaining the heat_generation | fever temperature in the heat generating body 51 at a predetermined value besides a steam generator.
In addition, although the present Example demonstrated as the flat heating element 51 which has a fixed width | variety, it can also be set as the linear heating element 51 instead of flat form. In the linear heating element 51, the outer peripheral length of the heating element 51 corresponds to the width of the flat heating element 51. Therefore, for example, a flat heating element 51 having a width of 12 mm and a linear heating element 51 having a diameter of 3.82 mm have the same characteristics.
When the linear heating element 51 is used, an etching process necessary for manufacturing the flat heating element 51 is not required, and the winding element 51 can be easily wound around the outer periphery of the water pipe 31.
When the linear heating element 51 is used, the linear heating element 51 may be attached to the pair of heat-resistant plates 32 similarly to the flat heating element 51, but is directly wound around the outer surface of the water tube 31. It is preferable. Also when the linear heating element 51 is used, it is preferable to cover the periphery of the water pipe 31.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, by connecting the heating elements 51 in parallel, the length of the heating elements 51 can be adjusted to obtain a predetermined heating temperature, and the amount of heat exchange can be increased. Can be dealt with by increasing the number of heating elements 51.

  The present invention is particularly suitable as a boiler for generating water vapor, and can be used as a humidifying device, a sterilizing device, a heat retaining device, a heating device, a heated liquid container, and also used for a steam turbine generator, high pressure steam cleaning, and the like. it can.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Heating tank 11 Supply port 12 Outlet port 13 Supply pipe 14 Outlet tube 20 Liquid supply tank 30 Steam tank 40 Heating container 50 Heating plate 51 Heating element 52 Substrate 53 Electrode terminal 70 Heating liquid utilization container

Claims (7)

A heat exchanger that is provided with a plurality of heating containers in the heating tank and heats the liquid in the heating tank,
A heating plate is disposed in each of the heating containers,
The heating plate is configured by providing a plurality of heating elements with different heating temperatures under the same input voltage on the surface of the substrate depending on the length and width between the electrode terminals,
A heat exchanger characterized in that these heating elements are electrically connected in parallel.   The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein all the heating elements have the same length and the same width. Providing the first heating element on one surface of the substrate;
Providing the second heating element on the other surface of the substrate;
The first heating element and the second heating element are each covered with a heat-resistant tape in which a protective film made of a heat-resistant insulating resin or an integrated mica is bonded to various reinforcing materials with an epoxy resin. The heat exchanger according to claim 2. The heating element comprises a metal foil coated with a semiconductor film, and the semiconductor film is a nickel-based alloy containing nickel, indium, and titanium,
4. The heat according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of indium / nickel is 0.001 to 0.2, and the mass ratio of titanium / nickel is 0.03 to 0.3. Exchanger.   The width of the heating element is 4 mm to 27 mm, the input voltage applied to the heating element is 5 v to 100 v, and the heating temperature of the heating element is 100 ° C or more. The heat exchanger according to any one of 4. A supply port for supplying the liquid to the heating tank;
An outlet for extracting steam from the heating tank;
The supply port is disposed below the outlet port,
The outlet is connected to a steam tank via an outlet pipe;
The steam tank is disposed at a position higher than the full water surface of the heating tank,
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the full water surface is positioned higher than the heating container. A supply port for supplying the liquid to the heating tank;
An outlet for extracting the liquid from the heating tank;
The supply port is disposed below the outlet port,
Connecting the outlet to the heated liquid container through the outlet pipe;
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the supply port is connected to a heated liquid container through a supply pipe.