JP2014218801A - Radio wave sensor system and building structure having radio wave sensor system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance detection sensitivity of a radio wave sensor provided in a building.SOLUTION: A radio wave sensor system 4 comprises: a transmitter 1 for transmitting a radio wave; and a receiver 2 for receiving the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter 1. The radio wave sensor system 4 is arranged in a closed space 10 constituted by being enclosed by a partition of the building, and detects an event in the closed space 10 based on the radio wave received by the receiver 2, and comprises a radio wave shielding plate 3 for shielding a partial radio wave among the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter 1. Further, the radio wave shielding plate 3 may shield a radio wave being the shortest in a propagation path for arriving at the receiver 2 from the transmitter 1 or a radio wave being nonexistent on a diffraction place in the propagation path. The radio wave shielding plate 3 is a metallic material, and may be constituted by using any one or more of sheet metal, a metal mesh or foam metal as a raw material.

Description

  The present invention relates to a radio wave sensor system for detecting an event such as a human movement and a building structure including the radio wave sensor system.

  In conventional crime prevention systems for buildings such as houses, doors and windows provided in the opening of the building's outer wall, etc. are weak points for security. It was detected that a person invaded from the opening.

  Here, recently, there is a demand for remotely knowing the state of infants, elderly people, care recipients, etc. living in a house, and a system for remotely monitoring changes in the absence home is required. In order to respond to such a new purpose of “watching people”, it is necessary to detect the movement of people in the room, but if the sensor installed in the opening is used simply, It is necessary to install a sensor in place. However, it is not clear what kind of sensor is installed and how to do that, and a large number of sensors are required, and it is expected that a lot of labor and cost will be required.

  Therefore, as a known technique, there is known a technique for detecting the entire space by installing a radio wave sensor using a radio wave composed of a transmitter and a receiver in a house (for example, the following) Patent Documents 1 and 2). In the radio wave sensor, a transmission radio wave emitted from a transmitter hits a wall or window in a house and reaches the receiver while diffracting. The amount of change in the propagation path of the radio wave is the amount of information to detect intrusion.

JP 2008-216125 A JP 2012-190161 A

  However, in the radio wave sensor, the intensity of the radio wave with a small propagation path until it arrives at the receiver is larger than the intensity of the radio wave with a large propagation path until it arrives at the receiver. In this case, radio waves are received by the same antenna, and the receiver's electronic circuit amplifies the signal in accordance with the high radio wave intensity, so the change in the propagation path of the reflected wave (diffracted wave) with low intensity is relatively small. Therefore, it becomes difficult to detect a change in the propagation path of a diffracted wave having a low intensity. For this reason, there is a problem that the detection sensitivity is lowered when the strength difference between radio waves filling the building is large.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a radio wave sensor system capable of increasing the detection sensitivity of a radio wave sensor provided in a building and a building structure including the radio wave sensor system.

  The radio wave sensor system according to the present invention includes a transmission unit (transmitter) for transmitting radio waves and a reception unit (receiver) for receiving radio waves transmitted from the transmission unit, and is surrounded by a partition of a building. A radio wave sensor system that is arranged in a closed space and detects an event in the closed space based on a radio wave received by a receiver, and shields a part of the radio wave transmitted from a transmitter. It is characterized by providing. Here, the event in the closed space includes the movement and movement of a person, a pet, or an object in the closed space.

  According to such a radio wave sensor system, radio waves that reduce detection sensitivity among radio waves transmitted from the transmitter can be shielded, so that the detection sensitivity in the receiver can be increased. For example, by shielding the radio wave with a small propagation path until it arrives at the receiver by the radio wave shielding means, the intensity of the radio wave with many propagation paths until it arrives at the receiver is amplified in accordance with the radio wave intensity of the radio wave. There is no need. As a result, it is possible to detect a change in the propagation path of a diffracted wave having a low intensity. That is, the sensitivity of detecting radio waves with many propagation paths is increased, and the detection sensitivity of the radio wave sensor can be increased. In addition, a transmitter and a receiver can be placed in a close place in a narrow place such as a building.

  Further, it is preferable that the radio wave shielding means shield radio waves that have the shortest propagation path from the transmitter to the receiver, or radio waves that do not have a diffraction spot in the propagation path. By shielding the radio wave, it is not necessary to amplify the intensity of the radio wave having many propagation paths until reaching the receiver in accordance with the radio wave intensity of the radio wave. As a result, it is possible to detect a change in the propagation path of a diffracted wave having a low intensity. That is, the detection sensitivity of the radio wave sensor can be increased.

  Furthermore, the radio wave shielding means is a metal material, and is composed of a member made of a metal having a linear shape, a planar shape, or a combination thereof. For example, a sheet metal, a metal mesh (a large number of holes are formed in a metal mesh or a metal plate). It is preferable that any one or more of foamed metal (a foamed metal such as aluminum or metal ceramics) is used as a material. With this configuration, since the radio wave traveling from the transmitter to the receiver has high conductivity, it cannot pass through the radio wave shielding unit having the radio wave shielding effect, and is absorbed by the radio wave shielding unit to be attenuated entirely. Radio waves can be reliably shielded by being attenuated and reflected.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the overall size of the shielding surface of the radio wave shielding means (for example, one of the width and height of the rectangular surface, the diameter of the circular surface) is larger than the wavelength of the radio wave received by the receiver. . With this configuration, for example, by having one side longer than one wavelength of the radio wave used by one side of the rectangular shielding surface, the radio wave can be reliably shielded.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the arrangement interval of the linear metal materials constituting the radio wave shielding means or the size of the holes of the mesh (mesh) metal material is smaller than the wavelength of the radio waves. With this configuration, the radio wave is not completely transmitted through the radio wave shielding means, and the radio wave can be more reliably shielded.

  The radio wave sensor system includes a radio wave intensity measuring unit that measures the intensity of the radio wave every unit time received by the receiving unit, a display unit that can display the measurement result every unit time or in time series, and radio wave intensity measurement. An arithmetic processing means for comparing the radio wave intensity measured by the means and a reference value (detection level) of the radio wave intensity to calculate whether or not the radio wave intensity is lower than the reference value, and a result of the arithmetic processing of the arithmetic processing means And a notification means for notifying whether or not the radio field intensity is below a reference value of the radio field intensity, and an alarm means is activated based on a result of the arithmetic processing to generate whether or not the radio field intensity is below the reference value. It is preferable to have reporting means for reporting.

  Further, a building structure including the radio wave sensor system according to the present invention is a building structure including the above-described radio wave sensor system, and a partition that forms a closed space in one building that is sensed by one radio wave sensor system is , Composed of a metal material (a material or a component made of a metal), or configured to include at least a metal material, and the partition is composed of a planar metal material to form a continuous surface, or A linear metal material included in the partition is continuously arranged with a predetermined interval.

  The radio wave transmitted from the transmitter of the radio wave sensor system forms a continuous surface with a planar metal material (for example, a face plate, a mesh-like perforated surface material (punching metal), or the like) or is included in a partition. When a linear metal material (for example, reinforcing bar, mesh bar, wire net, lath net, etc.) intersects a partition that is continuously arranged, the metal material has high conductivity, so that the partition can be completely transmitted. Without reflection, with constant attenuation. Therefore, according to such a building structure, the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter reaches the receiver while reflecting the closed space in the building. Therefore, it is possible to improve the sufficiency of the arrival of radio waves in the building only by installing the minimum radio wave sensor system, and to minimize the non-detection area in the building. That is, it is possible to provide a building structure that is effective for detecting events such as movements of people, pets, and moving objects using the radio wave sensor system.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the arrangement interval of the linear metal material is smaller than the wavelength of the radio wave sensor. With this configuration, the radio wave is reflected with a certain attenuation without completely passing through the linear metal material, so that the partition can more reliably reflect the radio wave. That is, it is possible to improve the sufficiency that the radio waves in the building reach.

  Furthermore, the partition is preferably an outer wall, a roof, or a floor constituting the building. With this configuration, the non-detection area in the building can be minimized.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the outer wall, the roof, or the floor constituting the partition is concrete (reinforced concrete) in which reinforcing bars are arranged. With this configuration, the radio wave is reflected with a certain attenuation without completely passing through the reinforced concrete, so that the partition can more reliably reflect the radio wave. That is, it is possible to improve the sufficiency that the radio waves in the building reach.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the outer wall, roof, or floor constituting the partition is configured by laying a plurality of concrete panels in which metal materials are arranged in parallel or in series. Here, the concrete panels include precast concrete (PC) panels and lightweight cellular concrete (referred to as ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete) and AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete)) panels. In a precast concrete (PC) panel, a reinforcing bar which is a metal material is arranged inside the panel. A lightweight cellular concrete panel has a relatively thick “thick” ALC plate in which reinforcing bars, which are metal materials, are arranged inside the panel, or a metal material having a metal mesh (lass net) and many holes inside the panel. There are relatively thin “thin” ALC plates in place. With this configuration, the radio wave is reflected with a certain attenuation without completely passing through the concrete panel. Therefore, the partition can more reliably reflect the radio wave. That is, it is possible to improve the sufficiency that the radio waves in the building reach.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the outer wall, the roof, or the floor constituting the partition is configured by laying a plurality of building panels having a film or sheet-like material formed of a metal material in parallel or in series. Here, the building panel is called a building laminated panel or a building composite panel, and is made of wood, lightweight steel, resin material, etc., and frame material made of wood, cement, concrete (base material, heat insulating material, finishing material, etc.) ), A plurality of members stacked in layers. The building panel includes any use such as a siding panel, a roof panel, or a floor panel for an outer wall that is formed up to an exterior base and one that is formed up to an exterior finish.

  Furthermore, the partition is preferably configured to include a building board or a heat insulating material having a film or a sheet-like material formed of a metal material. Here, the building board or the heat insulating material may be applied to an indoor ceiling surface, a partition wall, or the like in addition to a layer structure of an outer wall, a roof, or a floor (slab) constituting the building.

  The building board includes a building exterior material, an interior finish material, a gypsum board constituting a base surface thereof, and a plate material (face material) made of wood, resin, or cement. The heat insulating material may be either a soft material such as rock wool or glass wool, or a hard material such as polystyrene foam (XPS) or phenol foam, and an aluminum foil or an aluminum sheet attached to the building board or the heat insulating material. It's okay.

  With this configuration, the radio wave is reflected with a certain attenuation without completely passing through the building board or the heat insulating material. Therefore, the partition can more reliably reflect the radio wave. That is, it is possible to improve the sufficiency that the radio waves in the building reach.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the opening panel of the opening portion of the outer wall or the roof constituting the partition is made of a frame made of a metal material, a sash, or sash glass containing the metal material. For example, the frame includes an aluminum sash frame and a steel frame to which the sash frame is fixed and fixed to a beam or the like of a building. Moreover, the glass of an aluminum sash shoji includes the glass with a mesh used for crime prevention, or the heat insulation glass (pair glass) which vapor-deposited cobalt powder etc. on the inner surface of the pair glass which forms an air layer. With this configuration, radio waves are reflected with a certain attenuation without completely passing through the opening panel of the partition made of a frame made of a metal material or glass containing the metal material, The partition can reflect radio waves more reliably. That is, it is possible to improve the sufficiency that the radio waves in the building reach.

  Further, it is preferable that the part other than the partition constituting the closed space is made of a non-metallic material, or the interval between the metallic materials arranged in the part is larger than the wavelength of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter. With this configuration, radio waves can be transmitted more reliably when crossing a portion other than the closed space partition (ceiling surface, partition wall, etc. inside the closed space) because the ceiling surface and partition wall are not conductive. It is possible to improve the sufficiency that radio waves reach in the closed space, and minimize the non-detection area in the closed space.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that one closed space is formed for each level of a building or a plurality of levels connected by a hollow. With this configuration, an event can be detected using the radio wave sensor system for each level of the building.

  Furthermore, by removing a part of the floors between the floors (forming an atrium), it is possible to install one radio wave sensor system and detect an event in a closed space (across multiple floors).

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the detection sensitivity of the radio wave sensor in a building can be raised.

It is the figure which compared the conventional radio wave sensor system and the radio wave sensor system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of an electromagnetic wave shielding means. It is a figure which shows the example of a shape of the shielding surface of an electromagnetic wave shielding means. It is a figure which shows the example which installed the electromagnetic wave sensor system which concerns on embodiment of this invention in the ceiling back. It is a figure which shows the example which applied the piezoelectric speaker to the electromagnetic wave sensor system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed the structural example of the piezoelectric speaker. It is a figure which shows another example which applied the piezoelectric speaker to the electromagnetic wave sensor system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the building structure concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the lightweight cellular concrete which has arrange | positioned the reinforcing steel bar. It is a figure which shows the example of the window glass on which the metal was vapor-deposited. It is sectional drawing of the building structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a plane detailed view of the partition wall of the building structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of permeation | transmission and reflection of the electromagnetic wave in the building structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

[Radio wave sensor system]
FIG. 1 is a diagram comparing a conventional radio wave sensor system (FIGS. 1A and 1B) and a radio wave sensor system 4 (FIGS. 1C and 1D) according to an embodiment of the present invention. is there. FIG. 1A is a configuration diagram of a conventional radio wave sensor system, in which a radio wave sensor system including a transmitter 1 ′ and a receiver 2 ′ is applied in a closed space 10 constituted by a partition 11. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the plurality of radio waves transmitted from the transmitter 1 ′ in all directions and received by the receiver 2 ′ have the shortest propagation path from the transmitter 1 ′ to the receiver 2 ′. (There is no diffraction part in the propagation path) and the radio wave R2 that reflects and reaches the partition 11, such as the floor, wall, or roof, that constitutes the closed space 10.

  Here, as described above, the electronic circuit of the receiver 2 ′ overlaps and amplifies the strong radio wave component and the weak radio wave component. That is, the signal is amplified in accordance with a large radio wave intensity (strong part). FIG. 1B shows a graph G1 showing the transition of the radio wave intensity over time in the radio wave received by the receiver 2 'in FIG. A line L1 in the graph G1 shows that the sum ΣRn (the radio wave intensity ΣRn) of the radio wave intensity of the plurality of radio waves R1, R2,... Rn received by the receiver 2 ′ changes in the closed space as time passes. Show. As shown in the graph G1, the signal is amplified in accordance with the high radio wave intensity of the radio wave R1, and the low radio wave intensity (weakness) of the radio wave R2 becomes relatively small. For example, even if the radio wave R2 is blocked by the movement of a person, etc. The value of the radio wave intensity ΣRn is not so small. That is, since the change in the radio wave intensity ΣRn (the difference between when the radio wave R2 is not blocked and when the radio wave R2 is blocked) is small, it is difficult to detect the change. Note that in the conventional radio wave sensor system, in the graph G1, the line L1 draws a hill-and-bottom trajectory with a small undulation, and the vertical movement due to the transition of time is small, and the value of the radio wave intensity ΣRn received by the receiver 2 ′ at each time is Displays the state exceeding the detection level (dotted line).

  On the other hand, FIG. 1C is a configuration diagram of the radio wave sensor system 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the closed space 10 surrounded by the partition 11, the transmitter 1 (transmission means) and the receiver 2 (reception) And a radio wave sensor system 4 including a radio wave shielding plate (radio wave shielding means) 3 that shields radio waves. As shown in FIG. 1C, the radio wave R <b> 1 among the radio waves transmitted from the transmitter 1 is shielded by the radio wave shielding plate 3. The radio wave shielding plate 3 is configured (arranged) so as to shield a part of the radio waves transmitted from the transmitter 1.

  FIG. 1 (d) shows a graph G2 showing the transition of radio wave intensity over time in the radio wave received by the receiver 2 in FIG. 1 (c). As shown in the graph G2, the line L2 of the graph G2 indicates that the sum ΣRn (the radio wave intensity ΣRn) of the radio wave strengths of the plurality of radio waves R1, R2,. It shows how it is. Since the radio wave R1 having a high radio wave intensity is shielded by the radio wave shielding plate 3, only the weak radio wave intensity such as the radio wave R2 is amplified without being affected by the radio wave R1, and the radio wave R2 is blocked by, for example, human movement. As a result, the value of the radio wave intensity ΣRn is significantly reduced. That is, the change in the radio wave intensity ΣRn (the difference between when the radio wave R2 is not blocked and when the radio wave R2 is blocked) becomes large, and it is easy to detect the change. In the radio wave sensor system 4, in the graph G <b> 2, the line L <b> 2 draws a mountainous valley-like locus, and moves up and down with time, and each valley bottom portion indicates the radio wave intensity received by the receiver 2 at that time. A state where the value of ΣRn does not reach the detection level (dotted line) is displayed on the screen. Thus, by displaying whether or not the radio wave intensity is lower than the detection level (radio wave intensity reference value) shown in FIG. 1D, it is possible to visually recognize that the radio wave state at the date and time is below the reference value. By doing so, it is configured to be able to know events such as movements of people at home on the date and time.

  The graph G2 is displayed on the display by executing a program included in the radio wave sensor system 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention. That is, the radio wave sensor system 4 includes an arithmetic processing unit and a display unit for displaying the arithmetic processing result in the receiver, or an arithmetic processing unit and the arithmetic unit that are connected by wire or wirelessly separately from the receiver. Display means for displaying the processing result is provided.

  When a general radio wave sensor system is used to watch indoor residents, a weak radio wave diffracted in the room shows a change in human movement and becomes an important signal. In order to detect this weak signal, the radio wave sensor system 4 masks strong radio waves (with a small amount of information) between the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 using the radio wave shielding plate 3. Thereby, the detection sensitivity of the receiver 2 can be increased. For example, as described above, the direction of the direct wave that is not diffracted between the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 is masked by the radio wave shielding plate 3.

  The radio wave sensor system 4 may include output means (not shown) that outputs the radio wave state (relationship between time transition and intensity) of the closed space 10 as shown in the graph G2.

  Further, the radio wave sensor system 4 performs the arithmetic processing on the date and time when the radio wave intensity of the radio wave received and measured by the receiving unit is lower than the reference value (detection level) of the radio wave intensity. Radio wave intensity information (event information) is converted into notification information and alarm information that can be seen at a glance, and displayed on the screen that is the display means of the system using the information or notified to the remote terminal by communication means May be. Moreover, the alarm means of the system may be activated using the information to sound an alarm sound.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the radio wave shielding plate 3 provided in the receiver 2. FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the radio wave shielding plate 3 when the receiver 2 does not have an antenna. Here, the transmitter 1 includes a transmitter casing 1a and a transmission element 1b. The receiver 2 includes a receiver housing 2a and a receiving element 2b. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 2A, the radio wave shielding plate 3 has a rectangular shape and is configured to have a size (width W1 or height H1) where the receiving element 2b is hidden when viewed from the transmitting element 1b.

  On the other hand, FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a configuration example of the radio wave shielding plate 3 when the receiver 2 has an antenna. Here, the receiver 2 further includes an antenna 2c. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 2B, the radio wave shielding plate 3 has a rectangular shape and is configured to have a size (width W2 or height H2) that hides the antenna 2c when viewed from the transmission element 1b.

  The radio wave shielding plate 3 is composed of a member made of a metal having a linear shape, a planar shape, or a combination thereof, and is made of a sheet metal (planar plate), a metal mesh (a metal plate or a metal plate with a large number of holes). It is preferable that any one or more of foam metals (a foam made of a metal such as aluminum or metal ceramics) is used as a material. Here, the overall size of the shielding surface of the radio wave shielding plate 3 is preferably larger than the wavelength of the radio wave received by the receiver 2. Moreover, it is preferable that the arrangement | positioning space | interval of the linear metal material which comprises the electromagnetic wave shielding board 3, or the magnitude | size of the hole (opening) of a mesh-shaped metal material is smaller than the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a shape example of the shielding surface of the radio wave shielding plate 3. FIG. 3A is an example of a planar shape with one-way shielding. As shown in FIG. 3A, the blocking surface may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, or a tile shape (arc shape). FIG. 3B is an example of a one-way shielded mesh. FIG. 3C is an example of a two-way shielded surface shape, and two of the six surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped form a blocking surface. FIG.3 (d) is an example of the planar shape of 3 direction shielding, and a interruption | blocking surface is comprised by 3 surfaces among 6 surfaces of a rectangular parallelepiped. FIG. 3 (e) is an example of a planar shape with five-way shielding, in which one of the six surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped is opened and a blocking surface is constituted by the five surfaces.

  In the radio wave sensor system 4, when the transmitter 2 can see the receiver 2, the shape of the blocking surface of the radio wave shielding plate 3 is a planar or mesh shape as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). It may be adopted. Further, when the radio wave shielding plate 3 shields radio waves from an area where there is no object to be detected, the radio wave shielding plate 3 is shielded by multi-directional surfaces such as the configuration examples shown in FIGS. May be performed.

  FIG. 4 is an installation method in which the radio wave sensor system is not exposed indoors so as not to impair the aesthetics in the building, and is a diagram illustrating an example in which the radio wave sensor system 4 is installed behind the ceiling. FIG. 4A shows a transmitter 1 and a receiver 2 having a one-way radio wave shielding plate 3 (for example, FIG. 3A), in a closed space 10 using a material that transmits radio waves. It is a figure which shows the example installed on the board. In the radio wave sensor system 4 shown in FIG. 4A, the radio wave R1 that is a direct wave that directly reaches the receiver 2 from the transmitter 1 is blocked by the radio wave shielding plate 3, and the radio wave R2 that is a reflected wave (diffracted wave) is The light is transmitted through the ceiling plate 12 and reflected (diffracted) inside the room, and then received by the receiver 2. In general, since there is no object (person) to be detected on the back of the ceiling, the radio wave shielding plate 3 is particularly effective when the radio wave sensor system 4 is installed on the back of the ceiling.

  4 (b) is different from the installation example of FIG. 4 (a), and the upper and side surfaces of the receiver 2 are shielded from the upper surface and the side so that the receiver 2 can detect radio waves from the lower surface of the ceiling. 3 (for example, FIG. 3E) is an installation example. Thereby, the radio wave propagating in the interior of the ceiling can be shielded, and the detection sensitivity at the receiver 2 can be increased.

  Here, a general residential intrusion detection system (security system) attaches an opening / closing sensor for detecting opening / closing to an opening such as a door (door) or a window. However, an intruder who has entered the house can break into the house without being detected by the crime prevention system by destroying the outer wall or the like to create other openings. Therefore, it has been proposed to use a radio wave sensor system that can detect the entire space for crime prevention, but the radio wave sensor system device body is placed in the space so that the radio wave is not blocked in order to fill the radio wave in the closed space. It is expected to be installed where there is no obstruction such as the upper part of. At this time, if it is installed in an easily understandable place in the room, it will be discovered and destroyed by an intruder. Also, when an alarm sound is emitted from the sensor body of the system, for example, it is easily detected by an intruder. In particular, when the receiver has, for example, a shielding plate, the shape is particularly large, so that it is easily detected by an intruder. Also, if the equipment is exposed and installed, the interior is also harmful.

  In order to solve the above-described problems of the conventional radio wave sensor system, the radio wave sensor system 4 according to the present embodiment is installed in the back of the ceiling or the back of the wall.

  Furthermore, in this case, when an alarm device connected to the system is installed, it is expected that the alarm sound will sound behind the ceiling or behind the wall, so that the threatening effect is poor. Therefore, a piezoelectric speaker may be applied to the alarm device.

  Here, the radio wave sensor system 4 in this case is, for example, the date when the radio wave intensity of the radio wave received and measured by the receiving unit falls below the reference value of the radio wave intensity by performing calculation processing as described above. And the time, the date and time, the radio wave intensity information, etc. (event information) are converted into alarm information and output to the output means of the system. The alarm device which is the alarm means outputs the event information. It is configured to start when linked.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the piezoelectric speaker 16 is applied to the radio wave sensor system 4.

  FIG. 5A shows an example in which the radio wave sensor system 4 is installed on a ceiling plate 12 made of a material that transmits radio waves, and a piezoelectric speaker 16 is in contact with the ceiling plate 12 and fixed. Thereby, the radio wave sensor system 4 can sound an alarm sound from the entire ceiling board 12. FIG. 5B shows an example in which the radio wave sensor system 4 is arranged behind the wall plate 13 made of a material that transmits radio waves, and a piezoelectric speaker is fixed in contact with the back side of the wall plate 13. is there. Thereby, the radio wave sensor system 4 can sound an alarm sound from the entire wall plate 13.

  With the application example as shown in FIG. 5, an intruder into a house cannot find the radio wave sensor system 4 installed in the room, thereby preventing the radio wave sensor system 4 from being destroyed. . In addition, by vibrating building materials such as the ceiling plate 12 and the wall plate 13, a very large warning sound can be generated over a wide area on the ceiling surface and the entire wall surface. The effect of reporting can be greatly improved.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the piezoelectric speaker 16. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a configuration example when the piezoelectric speaker 16 is externally attached. As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the receiver 2 installed on the ceiling board 12 (on the space behind the ceiling) is connected to a piezoelectric device similarly installed on the ceiling board 12 via an alarm output code (wiring) 17. It is connected to the speaker 16. On the other hand, FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a configuration example when the piezoelectric speaker 16 is incorporated in the receiver 2. As shown in FIG. 6B, in the receiver 2 installed on the ceiling plate 12, a piezoelectric speaker 16 is incorporated in a leg portion that contacts the ceiling plate 12.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another example in which the piezoelectric speaker 16 is applied to the radio wave sensor system 4. FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, which is a side view of FIG. 7A, are diagrams showing a configuration example when the radio wave sensor system 4 is incorporated in the picture frame 14. As shown in FIG. 7A, a receiver 2 (or a radio wave sensor including the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2) is incorporated in a picture frame 14 applied to a wall board 13 in a room of a building. Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the piezoelectric speaker 16 connected to the receiver 2 via the alarm output cord (wiring) 17 (not shown) is sandwiched between the picture frame 14 and the wall plate 13. Installed. As a result, the radio wave sensor system 4 can vibrate the entire picture frame 14 and the wall plate 13 to make a loud alarm sound.

  FIG.7 (c) is a figure which shows the structural example at the time of incorporating the electromagnetic wave sensor system 4 in illumination. As shown in FIG. 7 (c), for the illumination 15 arranged so as to hang from the ceiling board 12, the piezoelectric speaker 16 is in contact with the illumination 15 between the illumination 15 and the ceiling board 12 and cannot be seen from the room. Installed. As a result, the radio wave sensor system 4 can vibrate the entire illumination 15 and the ceiling plate 12 to make a loud alarm sound.

  In addition, the piezoelectric speaker 16 in the radio wave sensor system 4 can be placed in contact with any member such as a steel frame or a watch in addition to the above-described member (building material). An alarm sound can be sounded, and the threatening effect to the intruder who has entered the building and the reporting effect outside the building can be enhanced.

[Building structure with radio wave sensor system]
Then, the building structure 5 which concerns on embodiment of this invention provided with the electromagnetic wave sensor system 4 is demonstrated.

  First, the problems of the prior art will be described. In conventional radio wave sensor devices, it is unclear how the radio waves that can be detected by events will be filled in the space if placed in a closed space. Or it was unknown whether reflection (diffraction) can be performed appropriately. In addition, with only a pair of radio wave sensor systems for a building, there are places where the radio wave does not reach in the building because it passes through the building material and is released outdoors, or the radio wave is absorbed by the building material. There was a problem of being able to do it. In addition, when a plurality of radio wave sensors are arranged, there is a problem that the aesthetic appearance is impaired and the installation cost is increased, so that there is no practicality and spread. The building structure 5 according to the embodiment of the present invention including the radio wave sensor system 4 solves the above-described problems.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the building structure 5. As shown in FIG. 8, the building structure 5 is a frame of a steel frame structure, a lightweight reinforced concrete (ALC) in which a reinforced concrete foundation 20, a column 21 such as a square steel pipe, a beam 22 such as an H-shaped steel, and a reinforcing reinforcing bar are arranged. ) A panel floor 23, an ALC panel roof 24, an ALC panel outer wall 25, an opening panel 26 having an aluminum sash, and the like. Note that the column 21 and the beam 22 are passed, and the shaft is composed of a core set (minimum unit of design module, 305 mm). Further, the ALC panel of the floor 23, the roof 24, or the outer wall 25, which is a partition from the outside of the building structure 5, is arranged in parallel on the vertical plane formed by the upper and lower beams 22, and the ALC panel of the outer wall 25 in one layer. Is supported on the flange of the first-level beam 22, and the ALC panel of the second-level outer wall 25 is supported on the upper flange of the first-level beam 22. A book wall (curtain wall) is formed by supporting the beam 22.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the ALC panel P of the outer wall 25 in which the reinforcing steel bars S are arranged. The arrangement interval W3 of the reinforcing reinforcing bars S shown in FIG. 9 is 40 to 400 mm. The ALC panel on the outer wall 25 may be provided with a lath net (not shown) inside. The interval between the meshes of the lath mesh formed of the linear metal may be a general one and is sufficiently finer than the arrangement interval W3 of the reinforcing reinforcing bars S described above.

  FIG. 10 is an opening panel 26 with a sash that is installed in the opening of the building structure 5, and shows an example of a window glass for insulation (paired glass sash) in which metal is deposited on the glass inside the sash glass. It is. FIG. 10A is a diagram showing an opening panel 26 installed in the opening of the outer wall of the building structure 5, forming an opening without providing an ALC panel in a part of the outer wall constituted by the outer wall 25, An opening panel 26 is provided in place of a normal ALC panel, and the opening panel 26 is installed on the beam 22 in a curtain wall manner like the ALC panel. That is, the opening panel 26 is obtained by attaching a sash frame 31 that is an aluminum sash to a square-shaped four-sided frame 30 of a thin steel plate, and an ALC panel obtained by shortening a normal ALC panel is attached above and below the sash frame 31. (Not shown). The lower part of the opening panel 26 is placed on the top end of the foundation 20 (when installed on the first floor) or the upper flange of the H-shaped steel beam 22 (when installed on the second floor or higher), and the upper part thereof is placed on the H-shaped steel beam 22. Supported by the lower flange. A sash shoji 32 is mounted in the sash frame 31. Further, the sash shoji 32 is provided with two glass 32a on the indoor side and the outdoor side (a gas sealed in between) as double glass (pair glass). Thus, the opening panel 26 is comprised with the flame | frame comprised with a metal material, or the glass containing a metal material.

  FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the sash shoji 32 and the glass 32a portion. Of the double glasses 32a and 32a, a metal film in which metal is deposited on the glass surface 33 of the inner portion of the indoor glass 32a. 33a is formed. In this embodiment, aluminum metal is used as the metal to be deposited. In addition, when the glass of the sash provided in the opening part of the building structure 5 is normal single glass, it is good also as a structure which affixes the film which vapor-deposited the metal.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the structure in the closed space of the building structure 5. The structure of the floor 23, the outer wall 25, and the partition wall 27 is mainly demonstrated using FIG. The floor 23 is configured in a layered manner by sequentially stacking an ALC floor panel 42, a floor foundation 43, and a floor finish 44 from the lower side in order from the ground side. The outer wall 25 has a layered structure in which the ALC wall panel 40 and the wall base 41 are sequentially adjacent from the outdoor side toward the indoor side in order from the outdoor side. The partition wall 27 includes a stud 45 serving as a vertical frame and a gypsum board (PB (Plasterboard)) 46 sandwiching both sides thereof. The roof 24 is provided with ALC roof panels 48, a waterproof base 49 in which heat insulating materials and building boards are stacked is formed on the top surface, and a waterproof sheet (not shown) is further laid on the top surface.

  FIG. 12 is a detailed plan view (plane cross section) of the partition wall 27. The floor foundation 43 and the wall foundation 41 are configured to include a heat insulating material having a metal film (film formed of a metal material) such as aluminum, a metal foil, or a metal sheet. That is, the floor 23, the roof 24, or the outer wall 25 includes a building board or a heat insulating material having a metal film, a metal foil, or a metal sheet. As shown in FIG. 11, the closed space is one level of the building or a plurality of levels connected by atrium (when all or part of the ceiling / floor configuration between the first floor and the second floor in FIG. 11 is removed). Each is formed as a closed space.

  In addition, the floor 23, the roof 24, or the outer wall 25 may be reinforced concrete in which reinforcing bars are arranged, or is configured by laying a plurality of concrete panels in which metal materials are arranged in parallel or in series. Alternatively, a plurality of exterior panels having a film or sheet formed of a metal material may be laid in parallel or in series.

  The stud 45 of the partition base of the partition wall 27 uses a C-channel long plate material obtained by processing a thin steel plate of a lightweight steel frame. In addition, a long pipe material having a closed cross section is used for the field edge 47 of the ceiling base. The stud 45 is erected perpendicularly to the slab surface of the floor panel 42 as a frame forming the partition wall 27, and the field edge 47 is for fixing a gypsum board (PB) 46 that forms the ceiling surface of the ceiling space 28. A horizontal support material is supported by a hanging tool (not shown) suspended from a steel beam 22 on the upper floor as a frame base of the frame 22 and suspended below the beam 22. The arrangement interval of the long members of these thin steel plates is 450 mm pitch. Parts other than the partition that constitutes the closed space, such as the ceiling surface of the back space 28 and the partition wall 27, are made of a non-metallic material, or the interval between the metallic materials arranged in the part is transmitted from the transmitter 1. It may be a metal material that is larger than the wavelength of the radio wave.

  The partition forming the closed space in the building of the building structure 5 is made of a metal material or includes at least a metal material, and the partition is a continuous surface made of a planar metal material. It is preferable that the linear metal material included in the partition is continuously arranged with a predetermined interval. In addition, it is preferable that the arrangement | positioning space | interval of a linear metal material is made smaller than the wavelength of a radio wave sensor.

  Here, in the building structure 5, transmission and reflection of radio waves were verified using 315 MHz and 10.5 GHz as radio wave frequencies used in the radio wave sensor system 4.

  The size of the wavelength λ [m] with respect to the frequency f [MHz] is obtained by the wavelength λ [m] = about 300 [Mm / s] / frequency f [MHz], so the wavelength of 315 MHz is 950 mm, 10.5 GHz. The wavelength of is 29 mm.

  In this verification, when the frequency of the radio wave is 315 MHz, the metal does not completely pass through the outer wall 25, the partition wall 27, and the opening panel 26, where the metal interval is small compared to the wavelength of the radio wave. Reflected inside the building. On the other hand, when the frequency of the radio wave is 10.5 GHz, the radio wave is transmitted through the outer wall 25 and the partition wall 27 where the metal interval is larger than the wavelength of the radio wave, and the opening panel 26 is attenuated to a certain extent. It was reflected.

  From the above verification, the ALC and the aperture of the building structure 5 can be obtained by using radio waves of a frequency that satisfies the relationship of “reinforcing reinforcing bars of ALC panel <wavelength of radio wave <position interval of long material of lightweight steel frame (interior base)”. In the closed space partitioned by the panel 26, the radio wave intersecting the partition is not completely transmitted through the partition but is reflected with a certain attenuation, and the radio wave is transmitted through the partition wall 27 and the like. It was found that the movement of people in the house can be detected.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of transmission and reflection of radio waves in the building structure 5. In the building structure 5, when a radio wave R having a frequency satisfying the above relationship is transmitted from the transmitter 1, the radio wave R passes through the partition wall 27 and is reflected by the reinforcing reinforcing bars S disposed inside the outer wall 25. The In addition, it is also possible to reflect with the heat insulating material covered with the metal foil or metal sheet-like material contained in the wall base 41 which comprises the outer wall 25. FIG.

  As described above, in the radio wave sensor system 4 according to the present embodiment, the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter 1 can be shielded from radio waves that lower the detection sensitivity, so that the detection sensitivity in the receiver 2 can be increased. For example, the radio wave shielding plate 3 shields a radio wave with a small propagation path until it arrives at the receiver 2, so that the intensity of the radio wave with a large propagation path until it arrives at the receiver 2 in accordance with the radio wave intensity of the radio wave. Need not be amplified. As a result, it is possible to detect a change in the propagation path of a diffracted wave having a low intensity. That is, the sensitivity of detecting radio waves with many propagation paths is increased, and the detection sensitivity of the radio wave sensor can be increased. Further, the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 can be placed in a narrow place such as in a building and in a close place.

  Further, according to the building structure 5 including the radio wave sensor system 4 according to the present embodiment, the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter 1 of the radio wave sensor system 4 is a plane metal material (for example, a face plate, a mesh hole). A continuous surface is formed by a blank surface material (punching metal, etc.), or a linear metal material (for example, a reinforcing bar, a mesh wire, a wire mesh, a lath mesh, etc.) included in the partition is continuously arranged. When crossing the partition, it reflects with a certain attenuation without completely passing through the partition. Therefore, according to such a building structure 5, the radio wave transmitted from the transmitter 1 reaches the receiver 2 while reflecting the closed space in the building. Therefore, it is possible to improve the sufficiency of the arrival of radio waves in the building only by installing the minimum radio wave sensor system, and to minimize the non-detection area in the building. That is, it is possible to provide a building structure 5 that is effective for detecting an event such as a person's movement using the radio wave sensor system 4.

  The radio wave sensor system of the present invention and the building structure equipped with the radio wave sensor system can detect not only intruders who have entered the building but also people in the house and moving, so that the elderly and children can be watched over, etc. It can also be used.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transmitter (transmission means), 1a ... Transmitter housing, 1b ... Transmission element, 2 ... Receiver (reception means), 2a ... Receiver housing, 2b ... Reception element, 2c ... Antenna, 3 ... Radio wave shielding Plate (radio wave shielding means), 4 ... radio wave sensor system, 5 ... building structure, 10 ... closed space, 11 ... partition, 12 ... ceiling board, 13 ... wall board, 14 ... picture frame, 15 ... lighting, 16 ... piezoelectric speaker 17 ... alarm output code, 20 ... base, 21 ... pillar, 22 ... beam, 23 ... floor, 24 ... roof, 25 ... outer wall, 26 ... open panel, 27 ... partition wall, 28 ... ceiling space, 30 ... crossbeam Four-sided frame, 31 ... sash frame, 32 ... sash shoji, 32a ... glass, 33 ... glass surface on which metal material is deposited, 33a ... metal film, 40 ... ALC wall panel, 41 ... wall base, 42 ... ALC floor Panel, 43 ... floor foundation, 44 ... floor finish, 45 ... star 46 ... Gypsum board (PB) 47 ... Field edge, 48 ... ALC roof panel, 49 ... Waterproof substrate, G1, G2 ... Graph, L1, L2 ... Lines connecting the radio field strength values at each time, R1, R2, Rn, R ... Radio wave, P ... ALC panel, S ... Reinforcing bar, W1, H1 ... Hiding size of receiving element 2b, W2, H2 ... Hiding size of antenna 2c, W3 ... Spacing distance of reinforcing bar S.

Claims (15)

A transmitter that transmits radio waves and a receiver that receives radio waves transmitted from the transmitter; and is disposed in a closed space surrounded by a partition of a building, based on the radio waves received by the receiver A radio wave sensor system that detects an event in a closed space,
A radio wave sensor system comprising radio wave shielding means for shielding a part of radio waves transmitted from the transmission means.   2. The radio wave sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the radio wave shielding unit shields a radio wave having a shortest propagation path from the transmission unit to the reception unit or a radio wave having no diffraction spot in the propagation path. .   The radio wave sensor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the radio wave shielding means is made of a metal material and is made of any one or more of a sheet metal, a metal mesh, and a foam metal.   The radio wave sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the overall size of the shielding surface of the radio wave shielding means is larger than the wavelength of the radio wave received by the receiving means.   The arrangement interval of the linear metal material or the size of the hole of the mesh-shaped metal material constituting the radio wave shielding means is smaller than the wavelength of the radio wave. Radio wave sensor system. A building structure comprising the radio wave sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The partition that forms the closed space in one building that is sensed by one radio wave sensor system is made of a metal material or at least includes a metal material,
The partition has a continuous surface made of a planar metal material, or a linear metal material included in the partition is continuously arranged with a predetermined interval. Construction.   The building structure according to claim 6, wherein an interval between the linear metal materials is smaller than a wavelength of the radio wave sensor.   The building structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the partition is an outer wall, a roof, or a floor constituting the building.   The building structure according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein an outer wall, a roof, or a floor constituting the partition is reinforced concrete.   The building structure according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the outer wall, roof, or floor constituting the partition is a concrete panel on which a metal material is arranged.   The building according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein an outer wall, a roof, or a floor constituting the partition is composed of a building panel having a film or a sheet formed of a metal material. Construction.   The building structure according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the partition is configured to include a building board or a heat insulating material having a film or sheet formed of a metal material.   The opening panel of the opening part of the outer wall or roof which comprises the said partition is comprised with the glass or glass containing a metal material or a metal material, It is any one of Claims 6-12 characterized by the above-mentioned. Building structure.   The part other than the partition constituting the closed space is made of a non-metallic material, or the interval between the metal materials arranged in the part is larger than the wavelength of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitting means. The building structure according to any one of claims 6 to 13. 15. The building structure according to any one of claims 6 to 14, wherein one closed space is formed for each level of the building or a plurality of levels connected by a hollow.

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