JP2014217990A - Mixing water for cement-based hardening material increasing strength - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、モルタルやコンクリートといったセメント系硬化材の作製時に用いられる練り混ぜ水に関し、特に硬化体（硬化状態のセメント系硬化材）の強度を増進させるものに関する。 The present invention relates to kneading water used when producing a cement-based hardener such as mortar and concrete, and more particularly to a material for increasing the strength of a hardened body (hardened cement-based hardener).
離島や沿岸地域においては、練り混ぜ水に海水を用い、細骨材に海砂を用いざるを得ない状況が想定される。このような状況下であっても必要な耐久性を備えた構造物を得るべく、本出願人は、結合材として高炉系セメントを用い、かつ、耐用年数に応じた補強材を選定することで、海水や海砂を利用する技術を提案している（特許文献１を参照）。 In remote islands and coastal areas, it is assumed that seawater must be used for mixing water and sea sand for fine aggregate. In order to obtain a structure having the required durability even under such circumstances, the present applicant uses a blast furnace cement as a binder and selects a reinforcing material according to the service life. Have proposed a technique using seawater or sea sand (see Patent Document 1).
このような中、結合材として高炉系セメントを用い、練り混ぜ水に海水を用いると、硬化時における早期強度を高めることができ、かつ、硬化体を緻密化できるという知見が得られた。そして、離島や沿岸地域のように海水や海砂の入手が容易な場所では、海水や海砂を用いてセメント系硬化材を作製できるので、早期強度が高く、緻密な硬化体を容易に構築できる。 Under such circumstances, it has been found that the use of blast furnace cement as the binder and seawater as the kneaded water can increase the early strength at the time of curing, and the hardened body can be densified. And in places where seawater and sea sand are easily available, such as remote islands and coastal areas, cement-based hardeners can be made using seawater and sea sand, making it easy to build dense hardened bodies with high early strength. it can.
一方、山間部など沿岸地域から離れた場所では、海水や海砂を現地で調達することは困難である。そして、海水や海砂を沿岸地域から調達しようとしても、運搬費や設備費が嵩むことから不経済である。このため、海水や海砂を用いてセメント系硬化材を作製することは簡単でなかった。 On the other hand, it is difficult to procure seawater and sea sand locally at places far from coastal areas such as mountains. And even if it is going to procure seawater and sea sand from the coastal area, it is uneconomical due to increased transportation costs and equipment costs. For this reason, it was not easy to produce a cement hardening material using seawater or sea sand.
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、沿岸地域から離れた場所のように、海水や海砂の入手が困難な場所であっても、海水や海砂を用いたセメント系硬化材と同等なセメント系硬化材を簡単に作製することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its purpose is to provide seawater and sea sand even in places where it is difficult to obtain seawater and sea sand, such as places away from coastal areas. The purpose is to easily produce a cement-based hardener equivalent to the cement-based hardener using the above.
本願発明等は、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、海水に含まれる種々のイオンのうち、塩化物イオンと硫酸イオンを選択し、練り混ぜ水におけるこれらのイオン濃度を海水相当にまで高めることで、セメント系硬化材の硬化時における早期強度を高めることができ、且つ、緻密な硬化体が得られるという知見を得て、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。 As a result of intensive studies, the present invention, etc., as a result of selecting chloride ions and sulfate ions from various ions contained in seawater and increasing the concentration of these ions in the kneaded water to seawater equivalent, The present invention has been completed by obtaining the knowledge that the early strength at the time of curing of the system curing material can be increased and a dense cured body can be obtained.
すなわち、本発明は、セメント系硬化材を作製すべく、セメント及び骨材を含んだ構成材料の練り混ぜに用いられる練り混ぜ水であって、塩化物イオン濃度及び硫酸イオン濃度が海水相当濃度まで高められていることを特徴とする。 That is, the present invention is a kneading water used for kneading constituent materials including cement and aggregate in order to produce a cement-based hardener, and the chloride ion concentration and the sulfate ion concentration are up to seawater equivalent concentration. It is characterized by being raised.
本発明によれば、構成材料の練り混ぜに用いられる練り混ぜ水に関し、海水中に含まれる種々のイオンのうちの塩化物イオン及び硫酸イオンを、海水相当濃度まで高めればよいので、海水や海砂の入手が困難な場所であっても、海水や海砂を用いたセメント系硬化材と同等なセメント系硬化材を作製できる。 According to the present invention, with respect to the kneaded water used for kneading the constituent materials, chloride ions and sulfate ions among various ions contained in the sea water may be increased to a concentration equivalent to sea water. Even in places where it is difficult to obtain sand, it is possible to produce a cement-based hardener equivalent to a cement-based hardener using seawater or sea sand.
前述の発明において、塩化ナトリウム及び硫酸ナトリウムを水道水に溶解することにより、前記塩化物イオン濃度及び前記硫酸イオン濃度を高めるようにした場合には、入手が容易な物質である塩化ナトリウム及び硫酸ナトリウムが用いられていることから、前述のセメント系硬化材を一層容易に作製できる。 In the above-mentioned invention, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, which are easily available, are obtained by increasing the chloride ion concentration and the sulfate ion concentration by dissolving sodium chloride and sodium sulfate in tap water. Therefore, the above-mentioned cement-based hardener can be more easily produced.
前述の発明において、前記セメントを高炉セメントとした場合には、このセメント系硬化材を硬化させることで、長期強度に優れた硬化体が得られる。 In the above-described invention, when the cement is blast furnace cement, a cured product having excellent long-term strength can be obtained by curing the cement-based hardener.
本発明によれば、沿岸地域から離れた場所のように、海水や海砂の入手が困難な場所であっても、海水や海砂を用いたセメント系硬化材と同等な特性を有するセメント系硬化材を簡単に作製できる。 According to the present invention, even in a place where it is difficult to obtain seawater and sea sand, such as a place away from the coastal area, a cement system having characteristics equivalent to cement-based hardeners using seawater and sea sand. Hardened material can be easily produced.
以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。まず、今回の試験における使用材料について説明する。図１（ａ）に示すように、今回の試験では、セメント系硬化材の一種であるモルタルを試験対象にした。このため、構成材料として結合材、練り混ぜ水、及び砂を使用した。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. First, materials used in this test will be described. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), in this test, mortar, which is a kind of cement-based hardener, was used as a test target. For this reason, binder, kneading water, and sand were used as constituent materials.
結合材は、普通ポルトランドセメント（Ｎ）と高炉セメントＢ種（ＢＢ）の２種類を用いた。普通ポルトランドセメントは、代表的な結合材であるため選定した。また、高炉セメントＢ種は、普通ポルトランドセメントに比べて耐海水性が高いといわれているため選定した。なお、高炉セメントＢ種は、普通ポルトランドセメント（ＯＰＣ）に、高炉スラグ微粉末（ＢＳ，石こう入り：ＳＯ３＝２．０％）を５０％置換した試製品を使用した。 Two types of binders, ordinary Portland cement (N) and blast furnace cement type B (BB), were used. Ordinary Portland cement was selected because it is a typical binder. The blast furnace cement type B was selected because it is said to have higher seawater resistance than ordinary Portland cement. As the blast furnace cement type B, a trial product in which 50% of blast furnace slag fine powder (BS, with gypsum: SO 3 = 2.0%) was substituted for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was used.
練り混ぜ水は、水道水（ＷＰ）、人工海水（ＷＳ）、塩化ナトリウム溶液（ＷＣＬ）、硫酸ナトリウム溶液（ＷＳＯ）、及び塩化ナトリウムと硫酸ナトリウムの混合溶液（ＷＣＳ）の５種類を使用した。そして、結合材に対する練り混ぜ水の添加量は、Ｗ／Ｃ＝５０％となるように設定した。 As the kneading water, five kinds of tap water (WP), artificial seawater (WS), sodium chloride solution (WCL), sodium sulfate solution (WSO), and a mixed solution of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate (WCS) were used. And the addition amount of the kneading water with respect to the binder was set to be W / C = 50%.
人工海水は、溶存する各イオンの濃度が、図１（ｂ）に示す海水中の各イオン濃度に揃えられた溶液である。今回の試験では、市販の人工海水を用いた。この人工海水では、塩化物イオン（Ｃｌ−）濃度が１９．８ｇ／Ｌ（海水：１８９８０ｍｇ／Ｌ）に調整され、硫酸イオン（ＳＯ４ ２−）濃度が２．７７ｇ／Ｌ（海水：２６４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）に調整されていた。 Artificial seawater is a solution in which the concentration of each dissolved ion is equal to the concentration of each ion in the seawater shown in FIG. In this test, commercially available artificial seawater was used. In this artificial seawater, the chloride ion (Cl − ) concentration was adjusted to 19.8 g / L (seawater: 18980 mg / L), and the sulfate ion (SO 4 2− ) concentration was 2.77 g / L (seawater: 2640 mg / L). L).
塩化ナトリウム溶液は、塩化物イオンの影響を評価するためのものである。今回の試験では、人工海水中の塩化物イオン濃度と同じ濃度となるように、塩化ナトリウム（特級）を水道水に溶解することで作製した。具体的には、塩化物イオンの濃度が１．８重量％（１８ｇ／Ｌ）となるように溶解した。 The sodium chloride solution is for evaluating the influence of chloride ions. In this test, it was prepared by dissolving sodium chloride (special grade) in tap water so that it would have the same concentration as the chloride ion concentration in artificial seawater. Specifically, it was dissolved so that the chloride ion concentration was 1.8 wt% (18 g / L).
硫酸ナトリウム溶液は、硫酸イオンの影響を評価するためのものである。今回の試験では、人工海水中の硫酸イオン濃度と同じ濃度となるように、硫酸ナトリウム（特級）を水道水に溶解することで作製した。具体的には、硫酸イオンの濃度が０．２重量％（２ｇ／Ｌ）となるように溶解した。 The sodium sulfate solution is for evaluating the influence of sulfate ions. In this test, sodium sulfate (special grade) was dissolved in tap water so that the concentration would be the same as the sulfate ion concentration in artificial seawater. Specifically, it was dissolved so that the concentration of sulfate ions was 0.2% by weight (2 g / L).
混合溶液は、塩化物イオンと硫酸イオンが混在した際の影響を評価するためのものである。今回の試験では、人工海水中の塩化物イオン濃度及び硫酸イオン濃度と同じ濃度となるように、塩化ナトリウム（特級）及び硫酸ナトリウムを（特級）を水道水に溶解することで作製した。具体的には、塩化物イオン濃度が１．８重量％、硫酸イオン濃度が０．２重量％となるように溶解した。 The mixed solution is for evaluating the influence when chloride ions and sulfate ions are mixed. In this test, sodium chloride (special grade) and sodium sulfate (special grade) were dissolved in tap water so as to have the same concentration as chloride ion concentration and sulfate ion concentration in artificial seawater. Specifically, it was dissolved so that the chloride ion concentration was 1.8% by weight and the sulfate ion concentration was 0.2% by weight.
砂は骨材の一種であり、今回の試験ではセメント強さ試験用標準砂（Ｓ）を用いた。そして、この砂を全てのサンプルの細骨材として使用した。 Sand is a kind of aggregate, and standard sand (S) for cement strength test was used in this test. This sand was used as fine aggregate for all samples.
以上の結合材２種と練り混ぜ水５種をそれぞれ組み合わせて１０水準のモルタル（セメント系硬化材）を作製した。そして、これらのモルタルを用いて、結合材や練り混ぜ水の種類が、硬化材の硬化時における強度発現性に与える影響を評価した。また、硬化体における細孔構造に与える影響も評価した。 A 10-level mortar (cement-based hardener) was prepared by combining the above two binders and 5 kinds of water. And using these mortars, the influence which the kind of binder and mixing water gives on the strength expression at the time of hardening of a hardening material was evaluated. The influence on the pore structure in the cured product was also evaluated.
硬化時の強度発現性については、「セメントの物理試験方法」(JIS R5201)に従い、圧縮強度を測定することで評価を行った。この評価では、前述のモルタルを水中養生し、材齢３日，７日，２８日，５６日，９１日，１８２日のそれぞれで圧縮強度を測定した。 The strength development at the time of curing was evaluated by measuring the compressive strength in accordance with “Cement physical test method” (JIS R5201). In this evaluation, the above-mentioned mortar was cured in water, and the compressive strength was measured at the age of 3 days, 7 days, 28 days, 56 days, 91 days, and 182 days.
また、細孔構造については、細孔径分布を測定することで評価を行った。この評価では、前述のモルタルを材齢７日，２８日，９１日にて粒径２−５ｍｍに切断した。そして、アセトンを用いて水和反応を停止させた後、水銀圧入式ポロシメータを用いて細孔径分布を測定した。 Further, the pore structure was evaluated by measuring the pore size distribution. In this evaluation, the mortar described above was cut to a particle size of 2-5 mm at the age of 7 days, 28 days, and 91 days. And after stopping the hydration reaction using acetone, the pore size distribution was measured using a mercury intrusion porosimeter.
まず、練り混ぜ水に含まれるイオンが硬化時の強度発現性に与える影響について説明する。図２（ａ）には、普通ポルトランドセメントを用いたモルタルの各サンプル（Ｎ系列）における材齢毎の圧縮強度を示し、図２（ｂ）には、高炉セメントを用いたモルタルの各サンプル（ＢＢ系列）における材齢毎の圧縮強度を示す。 First, the effect of ions contained in the kneaded water on strength development at the time of curing will be described. FIG. 2 (a) shows the compressive strength for each age in each sample (N series) of mortar using ordinary Portland cement, and FIG. 2 (b) shows each sample of mortar using blast furnace cement ( (BB series) shows the compressive strength for each material age.
便宜上、以下の説明では、各材齢の圧縮強度を「〜日強度」という。例えば、材齢３日の圧縮強度を３日強度といい、材齢７日の圧縮強度を７日強度といい、材齢１８２日の圧縮強度を１８２日強度という。 For convenience, in the following description, the compressive strength of each age is referred to as “˜day strength”. For example, the compressive strength at 3 days of age is referred to as 3 day strength, the compressive strength at 7 days of age is referred to as 7 day strength, and the compressive strength at 182 days of age is referred to as 182 day strength.
結合材として普通ポルトランドセメントを用いたＮ系列では、３日強度に関し、練り混ぜ水の塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされたサンプル（Ｎ−ＷＳ，Ｎ−ＷＣＬ，Ｎ−ＷＣＳ）が、練り混ぜ水として水道水を用いたＮ−ＷＰや硫酸ナトリウム溶液を用いたＮ−ＷＳＯよりも高い値を示した。そして、７日強度と３日強度の差、及び、２８日強度と７日強度の差に関しては、Ｎ−ＷＰやＮ−ＷＳＯの方が、Ｎ−ＷＳ，Ｎ−ＷＣＬ，Ｎ−ＷＣＳよりも大きくなった。また、材齢５６日以降の圧縮強度に関しては、水の種類の影響は小さいものの、Ｎ−ＷＳ，Ｎ−ＷＣＬ，Ｎ−ＷＣＳの方が、Ｎ−ＷＰやＮ−ＷＳＯに比べてやや強度が高い傾向にあった。 In the N series using ordinary Portland cement as a binder, samples with mixed chloride chloride concentration corresponding to seawater (N-WS, N-WCL, N-WCS) are mixed for 3 days strength. The value was higher than N-WP using tap water as water and N-WSO using sodium sulfate solution. And regarding the difference between the 7-day intensity and the 7-day intensity, and the difference between the 28-day intensity and the 7-day intensity, the N-WP or N-WSO is better than the N-WS, N-WCL, N-WCS. It became bigger. Moreover, regarding the compressive strength after the age of 56 days, although the influence of the kind of water is small, N-WS, N-WCL, and N-WCS are slightly stronger than N-WP and N-WSO. It was high.
さらに、材齢９１日以降の圧縮強度に関しては、Ｎ−ＷＳの圧縮強度が最も高く、それにＮ−ＷＣＬやＮ−ＷＣＳが続いた。また、Ｎ−ＷＰの圧縮強度は、Ｎ−ＷＣＬやＮ−ＷＣＳの圧縮強度よりも低く、Ｎ−ＷＳＯの圧縮強度よりも高かった。 Furthermore, regarding the compressive strength after the age of 91 days, the compressive strength of N-WS was the highest, followed by N-WCL and N-WCS. Moreover, the compressive strength of N-WP was lower than the compressive strength of N-WCL and N-WCS, and higher than the compressive strength of N-WSO.
結合材として高炉セメントを用いたＢＢ系列でも、３日強度に関し、練り混ぜ水の塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされたサンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳ）が、練り混ぜ水として水道水を用いたＢＢ−ＷＰや硫酸ナトリウム溶液を用いたＢＢ−ＷＳＯよりも高い値を示した。そして、７日強度と３日強度の差に関しては、各サンプルの差は小さかった。さらに、２８日強度と７日強度の差、及び、５６日強度と２８日強度の差に関しては、ＢＢ−ＷＰやＢＢ−ＷＳＯの方が、ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳよりも大きくなった。 Samples (BB-WS, BB-WCL, BB-WCS) in which the chloride ion of the mixing water is set to a concentration equivalent to seawater are also mixed in the BB series using blast furnace cement as the binder. The value was higher than BB-WP using tap water and BB-WSO using sodium sulfate solution. And the difference of each sample was small regarding the difference of 7 day intensity | strength and 3 day intensity | strength. Furthermore, regarding the difference between the 28-day intensity and the 7-day intensity, and the difference between the 56-day intensity and the 28-day intensity, the BB-WP and BB-WSO are better than the BB-WS, BB-WCL, and BB-WCS. It became bigger.
さらに、材齢９１日以降の圧縮強度に関しては、ＢＢ−ＷＰが、ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＳＯ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳよりも高くなった。そして、材齢１８２日では、ＢＢ−ＷＣＳの圧縮強度がＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＳＯの圧縮強度よりも高くなった。 Furthermore, regarding the compressive strength after the age of 91 days, BB-WP became higher than BB-WS, BB-WCL, BB-WSO, BB-WCS. And in material age 182 days, the compressive strength of BB-WCS became higher than the compressive strength of BB-WS, BB-WCL, and BB-WSO.
以上の結果から、練り混ぜ水の種類は、結合材の種類に関わらず、３日強度や７日強度といった短期強度に与える影響が、９１日強度や１８２日強度といった長期強度に与える影響よりも大きいことが確認された。具体的には、練り混ぜ水に含まれる塩化物イオンを海水相当濃度まで高めることで、早期強度を向上できることが確認された。そして、ＢＢ系列においては、練り混ぜ水として人工海水を用いるよりも、混合溶液を用いた方が長期強度を向上させることが確認された。 From the above results, regardless of the type of binder, the effect of the mixing water on the short-term strength such as the 3-day strength and the 7-day strength is greater than the effect on the long-term strength such as the 91-day strength and the 182-day strength. It was confirmed to be large. Specifically, it was confirmed that the early strength can be improved by increasing the chloride ion contained in the kneaded water to a concentration equivalent to seawater. In the BB series, it was confirmed that the use of the mixed solution improved the long-term strength rather than using artificial seawater as the mixing water.
次に、図３及び図４に示すように、ＢＢ系列の各サンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＰ，ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＳＯ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳ）について、材齢毎の圧縮強度を評価した。これらの図から判るように、練り混ぜ水の塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされた各サンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳ）では、材齢２８日以前の圧縮強度が水道水を用いたＢＢ−ＷＰよりも高くなる傾向が確認された。その一方で、材齢５１日以降の圧縮強度はＢＢ−ＷＰの方が高くなる傾向も確認された。 Next, as shown in FIG.3 and FIG.4, about each sample (BB-WP, BB-WS, BB-WCL, BB-WSO, BB-WCS) of BB series, the compressive strength for every age was evaluated. . As can be seen from these figures, in each sample (BB-WS, BB-WCL, BB-WCS) in which the chloride ion of the mixing water is set to the seawater equivalent concentration, the compressive strength before the age of 28 days is tap water. The tendency which becomes higher than BB-WP using was confirmed. On the other hand, it was also confirmed that the compressive strength after the age of 51 days was higher in BB-WP.
ここで、硫酸ナトリウム溶液を用いたＢＢ−ＷＳＯに関しては、各材齢での圧縮強度が複数のサンプルの中で最も低い値を示した。しかしながら、塩化ナトリウムと硫酸ナトリウムの混合溶液を用いたＢＢ−ＷＣＳでは、材齢２８日以前の圧縮強度が水道水を用いたＢＢ−ＷＰよりも高く、材齢５１日以降の圧縮強度もＢＢ−ＷＰに近い値を示した。このことから、結合材として高炉セメントＢＢを用いた場合、練り混ぜ水に含まれる海水相当濃度の硫酸イオンは、同じく練り混ぜ水に含まれる海水相当濃度の塩化物イオンの存在を条件に、長期強度を向上させることが確認された。 Here, regarding BB-WSO using a sodium sulfate solution, the compressive strength at each age showed the lowest value among a plurality of samples. However, in BB-WCS using a mixed solution of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, the compressive strength before the age of 28 days is higher than that of BB-WP using tap water, and the compressive strength after the age of 51 days is also BB-. A value close to WP was shown. From this, when blast furnace cement BB is used as the binder, the sulfate ion of seawater equivalent concentration contained in the kneaded water is long-term on condition that the salt ion of seawater equivalent concentration contained in the kneaded water is present. It was confirmed that the strength was improved.
次に、図５に示すように、Ｎ系列とＢＢ系列の各サンプルについて、練り混ぜ水として水道水を用いたサンプル（Ｎ−ＷＰ，ＢＢ−ＷＰ）の圧縮強度を１００％とし、材齢毎の圧縮強度比によって整理した。 Next, as shown in FIG. 5, for each of the N-series and BB-series samples, the compressive strength of the sample (N-WP, BB-WP) using tap water as the mixing water is set to 100%. These were arranged according to the compression strength ratio.
図５から、練り混ぜ水の塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされたサンプル（Ｎ−ＷＳ，Ｎ−ＷＣＬ，Ｎ−ＷＣＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳ）の何れも、材齢３，７日ではＮ−ＷＰ，ＢＢ−ＷＰに比べて高い圧縮強度比を示した。また、Ｎ系列のサンプルに比べてＢＢ系列のサンプルの方が、高い圧縮強度比を示し、かつ、水の種類の影響が大きいことが確認された。圧縮強度比でみると、Ｎ系列のサンプルが約１１０％〜１４０％に対して、ＢＢ系列のサンプルでは１４０〜１８０％であった。 From FIG. 5, all of the samples (N-WS, N-WCL, N-WCS, BB-WS, BB-WCL, BB-WCS) in which the chloride ion of the mixed water has a seawater equivalent concentration are used. On the 3rd and 7th days, a higher compressive strength ratio was shown compared to N-WP and BB-WP. In addition, it was confirmed that the BB series sample showed a higher compressive strength ratio and the influence of the type of water was larger than the N series sample. In terms of the compression strength ratio, the N series samples were about 110% to 140%, while the BB series samples were 140 to 180%.
また、材齢２８日以降においては、練り混ぜ水の種類による影響は小さいことが確認された。そして、ＢＢ系列の各サンプルは、Ｎ系列の各サンプルに比べて材齢２８日以降の強度が低くなる傾向が確認された。 In addition, after 28 days of age, it was confirmed that the influence of the kind of mixed water was small. And each BB series sample confirmed the tendency for the intensity | strength after 28 days of age to become low compared with each N series sample.
次に、図６（ａ）に示すように、ＢＢ系列の各サンプルについて、人工海水を用いたサンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＳ）の圧縮強度を１．００として圧縮強度比を求めた。同様に、図６（ｂ）に示すように、水道水を用いたサンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＰ）の圧縮強度を１．００として圧縮強度比を求めた。 Next, as shown to Fig.6 (a), the compression strength ratio was calculated | required by setting the compression strength of the sample (BB-WS) using artificial seawater to 1.00 about each sample of BB series. Similarly, as shown in FIG.6 (b), the compression strength ratio was calculated | required by setting the compression strength of the sample (BB-WP) using a tap water to 1.00.
図６（ａ）に示すように、７日までの初期材齢において、ＢＢ−ＷＣＳはＢＢ−ＷＣＬよりも圧縮強度比で０．０１（１％）高く、１８２日の長期材齢において、ＢＢ−ＷＣＳはＢＢ−ＷＣＬよりも圧縮強度比で０．０５（５％）高くなった。また、図６（ｂ）に示すように、７日までの初期材齢において、ＢＢ−ＷＣＳはＢＢ−ＷＣＬよりも圧縮強度比で０．０２（２％）〜０．０３（３％）高く、１８２日の長期材齢において、ＢＢ−ＷＣＳはＢＢ−ＷＣＬよりも圧縮強度比で０．０５（５％）高くなった。 As shown in FIG. 6 (a), BB-WCS is 0.01 (1%) higher in compressive strength ratio than BB-WCL at an initial age of up to 7 days. -WCS was 0.05 (5%) higher in compressive strength ratio than BB-WCL. Moreover, as shown in FIG.6 (b), BB-WCS is 0.02 (2%)-0.03 (3%) higher in compressive strength ratio than BB-WCL in the initial age to 7th. BB-WCS was 0.05 (5%) higher in compressive strength ratio than BB-WCL at the long term age of 182 days.
この結果からも、練り混ぜ水に関し、塩化物イオンだけを海水相当濃度にするよりも、塩化物イオンと硫酸イオンの両方を海水相当濃度にした方が、長期強度を一層向上できることが確認された。 From this result, it was also confirmed that long-term strength can be further improved by mixing both chloride ions and sulfate ions with seawater equivalent concentration with respect to kneaded water rather than only chloride ions with seawater equivalent concentration. .
次に、練り混ぜ水の種類が硬化体の細孔構造に与える影響について説明する。図７（ａ）には、Ｎ系列の各サンプルにおける材齢毎の細孔量と平均細孔直径を示す。また、図７（ｂ）には、ＢＢ系列の各サンプルにおける材齢毎の細孔量と平均細孔直径を示す。 Next, the effect of the type of kneading water on the pore structure of the cured body will be described. FIG. 7 (a) shows the amount of pores and the average pore diameter for each age in each N-series sample. Moreover, in FIG.7 (b), the amount of pores and average pore diameter for every age in each sample of BB series are shown.
Ｎ系列に関し、練り混ぜ水の塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされたサンプル（Ｎ−ＷＳ，Ｎ−ＷＣＬ，Ｎ−ＷＣＳ）と、それ以外のサンプル（Ｎ−ＷＰ，Ｎ−ＷＳＯ）とを比較した。５０−１０００ｎｍの細孔量に関し、前者のサンプルでは、何れの材齢においても後者のサンプルよりも大きく減少した。反対に、６−５０ｎｍの細孔量に関し、前者のサンプルでは、何れの材齢においても後者のサンプルよりも増加した。さらに、平均細孔直径に関し、前者のサンプルでは、何れの材齢においても後者のサンプルよりも小さくなった。 Compare N-series samples (N-WS, N-WCL, N-WCS) with mixed water chloride ion equivalent to seawater and other samples (N-WP, N-WSO) did. Regarding the amount of pores of 50-1000 nm, the former sample was greatly reduced compared to the latter sample at any age. On the other hand, regarding the amount of pores of 6-50 nm, the former sample increased more than the latter sample at any age. Furthermore, regarding the average pore diameter, the former sample was smaller than the latter sample at any age.
同様に、ＢＢ系列に関しても、練り混ぜ水の塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされたサンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＳ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＬ，ＢＢ−ＷＣＳ）と、それ以外のサンプル（ＢＢ−ＷＰ，ＢＢ−ＷＳＯ）とを比較した。材齢７日ではＮ系列と同様の傾向を示すことが確認された。そして、材齢２８日や９１日においては、練り混ぜ水の種類の影響は小さいものの、５０ｎｍ以下の細孔量がＮ系列よりも多いことから、各サンプルは十分に緻密化されていることが確認された。 Similarly, with regard to the BB series, the sample (BB-WS, BB-WCL, BB-WCS) in which the chloride ion of the mixing water has a concentration equivalent to seawater, and the other samples (BB-WP, BB-WSO) ). It was confirmed that the same tendency as that of the N series was exhibited at the age of 7 days. And at the age of 28 days or 91 days, although the influence of the kind of the mixed water is small, the amount of pores of 50 nm or less is larger than that of the N series, so that each sample is sufficiently densified. confirmed.
これらの結果から、塩化物イオンが海水相当濃度とされた練り混ぜ水を用いることで、少なくとも７日までの短期材齢については、結合材の種類に関わらず硬化体を緻密化できることが確認された。また、結合材として高炉セメントを用いることで、長期材齢における緻密化を促進できることが確認された。 From these results, it is confirmed that the hardened body can be densified regardless of the type of the binder for short-term ages up to 7 days by using the kneaded water in which chloride ions have a concentration equivalent to seawater. It was. Moreover, it was confirmed that densification in a long-term age can be promoted by using blast furnace cement as a binder.
以上の試験結果を総括すると、次のことがいえる。 Summarizing the above test results, the following can be said.
まず、セメント及び骨材を含んだ構成材料の練り混ぜに用いられる練り混ぜ水として、塩化物イオン濃度及び硫酸イオン濃度が海水相当濃度まで高められた水を用いることで、海水で練ったセメント系硬化材と同等なセメント系硬化材が作製できる。すなわち、硬化時における早期強度に優れ、緻密な硬化体を得ることのできるセメント系硬化材が作製できる。 First, cement water kneaded with seawater by using water whose chloride ion concentration and sulfate ion concentration are increased to seawater equivalent concentration as kneading water used for kneading the constituent materials including cement and aggregate. A cement-type hardener equivalent to the hardener can be produced. That is, it is possible to produce a cement-based curing material that has excellent early strength at the time of curing and can obtain a dense cured body.
そして、練り混ぜ水に関し、海水中に種々存在するイオンの中から塩化物イオンと硫酸イオンの２種類を選択していることから、人工海水のように多種のイオンを水に溶存させる必要はなく、容易に作製できる。これにより、海水や海砂の入手が困難な場所であっても、セメント系硬化材を容易に作製できる。 And with regard to the kneaded water, since two types of chloride ion and sulfate ion are selected from various ions present in seawater, there is no need to dissolve various ions in water like artificial seawater. Can be easily manufactured. Thereby, even if it is a place where acquisition of seawater and sea sand is difficult, a cement hardening material can be easily produced.
また、入手が容易で水道水に対する溶解度の高い塩化ナトリウムを塩化物イオンの供給源として用い、同じく入手が容易で水道水に対する溶解度の高い硫酸ナトリウムを硫酸イオンの供給源として用いているので、セメント系硬化材を一層容易に作製できる。 Also, sodium chloride, which is easily available and highly soluble in tap water, is used as a source of chloride ions, and sodium sulfate, which is also easily available and highly soluble in tap water, is used as a source of sulfate ions. A system hardening material can be produced more easily.
さらに、結合材として高炉セメントを用いた場合には、長期強度も高い硬化体を作製できる。 Furthermore, when blast furnace cement is used as the binder, a cured product with high long-term strength can be produced.
以上の説明は、本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定するものではない。本発明はその趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に本発明にはその等価物が含まれる。例えば、次のように構成してもよい。 The above description is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, you may comprise as follows.
前述の試験では、セメント系硬化材としてモルタルを例示したが、コンクリートであっても同様に実現できる。この場合、骨材として細骨材及び粗骨材を用いればよい。 In the above-described test, mortar was exemplified as the cement-based hardener, but it can be similarly realized even with concrete. In this case, a fine aggregate and a coarse aggregate may be used as the aggregate.
また、前述の試験では、塩化物イオンの供給源及び硫酸イオンの供給源として、塩化ナトリウム及び硫酸ナトリウムを用いたが、これらの薬品に限定されるものではない。例えば、カリウム塩等の他の水溶性塩を用いてもよい。 Moreover, in the above-mentioned test, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were used as the supply source of chloride ions and the supply source of sulfate ions, but it is not limited to these chemicals. For example, other water-soluble salts such as potassium salt may be used.
また、前述の試験において、塩化物イオン濃度を１．８重量％（１８ｇ／Ｌ）とし、硫酸イオン濃度を０．２重量％（２ｇ／Ｌ）としたが、これらの濃度に限定されるものではない。実海水における塩化物イオン濃度や硫酸イオン濃度は幅を有している。例えば、塩化物イオン濃度は１．９重量％、硫酸イオン濃度は０．２７重量％ともいわれている。このため、塩化物イオン濃度や硫酸イオン濃度も実海水の含有範囲内で調整すればよい。 In the above test, the chloride ion concentration was set to 1.8 wt% (18 g / L) and the sulfate ion concentration was set to 0.2 wt% (2 g / L). is not. Chloride ion concentration and sulfate ion concentration in actual seawater have a range. For example, the chloride ion concentration is said to be 1.9% by weight and the sulfate ion concentration is said to be 0.27% by weight. For this reason, what is necessary is just to adjust a chloride ion concentration and a sulfate ion concentration within the content range of real seawater.
さらに、前述の実施形態では、混和剤について言及しなかったが、必要に応じて混和剤を構成材料に加えてもよい。 Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the admixture was not mentioned, but the admixture may be added to the constituent material as necessary.
Claims (3)
塩化物イオン濃度及び硫酸イオン濃度が海水相当濃度まで高められていることを特徴とするセメント系硬化材用練り混ぜ水。 Mixing water used for mixing components including cement and aggregate to produce a cement-based hardener,
A mixed water for cement-based hardeners, characterized in that the chloride ion concentration and the sulfate ion concentration are increased to seawater equivalent concentrations.
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| JPH01286946A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-17 | Nittetsu Cement Co Ltd | White hydraulic material |
| US5284513A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-02-08 | Shell Oil Co | Cement slurry and cement compositions |
| JP2001163656A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-19 | Tajima Roofing Co Ltd | Hydraulic composition and building material produced from the same |
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