JP2014216675A - Mapping system, mapping method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve operation efficiency and accuracy in a mapping system for digitizing map information related to a land form, a planimetric feature, etc. from a survey photograph image.SOLUTION: A plane view image generator 20 generates a plane view image composed of a single image as a survey photograph image. A stereoscopic image generator 22 generates a stereoscopic image on the basis of a stereoscopic pair images, as the survey photograph image. A display image switch processing unit 24, in response to a user operation, switches a display image to be displayed on the screen of a display unit 10 between the plane view image and the stereoscopic image. The plane view image generator 20 and the stereoscopic image generator 22 keep the position of a measuring mark point on the screen and the scale and orientation of the survey photograph image when switching the display image.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plotting system, a plotting method, and a program for digitizing map information related to topography / features from survey photo images.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, digital mapping processing has been performed for digitizing map information related to topography, features, etc. from survey photo images using a digital plotter. The digital plotter displays an ortho image, a stereo pair image, etc. on the screen of the display, and obtains the coordinates of a point specified by the display image by the user. By digital mapping, the position and shape of features such as buildings and roads are acquired in the form of digital data.

JP 2002-5659 A JP 2007-4094 A

  In the digital mapping process based on the ortho image that is a planar view image, the user does not need an operation for acquiring the height, and therefore, the digitizing operation is performed as compared with the digital mapping process based on the stereoscopic image (stereoscopic image). On the other hand, it may be a problem that the height information cannot be obtained, or it may be difficult to interpret the feature because the difference in specific height is not known. In addition, an aerial photograph taken from the sky has an occlusion part that is a shadow of a building or the like, and map information of the occlusion part is missing from an ortho image generated based on the aerial photograph or the like. Therefore, the digital mapping process based on the ortho image can reduce the accuracy of the planar position.

  In this regard, in the digital mapping process using the stereoscopic image based on the stereo pair image, the information of the three-dimensional coordinates is obtained from the stereo measurement image, and the visual amount is twice as large as that of the single photograph image and the sense of depth due to the stereoscopic vision. By reproducing the state close to, the accuracy of interpretation of the feature by the user is improved. In general, since the occlusion portion in the stereo pair image is smaller than that in the ortho image that is a single image, the data acquisition accuracy is improved. On the other hand, there is a problem that the user needs an operation for acquiring the height and the digitizing work load becomes larger than the digital mapping processing based on the ortho image.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plotting system, a plotting method, and a program capable of acquiring data with suitable work efficiency and suitable accuracy.

  (1) The plotting system according to the present invention displays a survey photograph image on a screen, measures coordinate data for a measurement point designated by the user on the survey photograph image, and displays the plot data of the survey photograph image. A plotting system for generating a plan view image generating unit that generates a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photo image, and an entity for generating a stereo view image based on a stereo pair image as the survey photo image A visual image generation unit; and a display image switching unit that switches a display image to be displayed on the screen between the planar image and the stereoscopic image in accordance with a user operation. The generation unit and the stereoscopic image generation unit maintain the position of the measurement point on the screen and the scale and orientation of the survey photo image when the display image is switched.

  (2) The plotting system described in (1) further includes a coordinate calculation unit that performs a stereo matching process on the stereo pair image to calculate an elevation at the measurement point, and the stereoscopic image generation unit Can be configured to generate an image in which the measurement point is stereoscopically viewed at a depth corresponding to the elevation as the stereoscopic image.

  (3) The plotting system described in (1) or (2) performs a stereo matching process on the stereo pair image to calculate an altitude at the measurement point, and on the ground surface of the measurement point. And a display image generation unit for generating the survey photograph image and an image for displaying the three-dimensional coordinate as an image to be displayed on the screen. It can be.

  (4) Another plotting system according to the present invention displays a survey photo image on a screen, measures coordinate data for a measurement point designated by the user on the survey photo image, and plots the survey photo image. A plotting system for generating data, a plan view image generating unit for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photograph image, and a stereo for generating a stereo pair image of a ground area corresponding to the plan view image A pair image generation unit, coordinates for obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate composed of coordinates on the ground surface of the measurement point and the elevation by performing a stereo matching process on the stereo pair image to calculate the elevation at the measurement point A calculation unit; and a display image generation unit that generates an image for displaying the survey photo image and the three-dimensional coordinates as an image to be displayed on the screen.

  (5) In the plotting system described in (1) to (4) above, the planar view image can be an ortho image.

  (6) The plotting method according to the present invention displays a survey photograph image on a screen, measures coordinate data for a measurement point designated by the user on the survey photograph image, and displays the plot data of the survey photograph image. A diagramming method for generating a plan view image generating step for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photo image, and an entity for generating a stereo view image based on a stereo pair image as the survey photo image A visual image generation step, and a display image switching step for switching a display image to be displayed on the screen between the planar image and the stereoscopic image in accordance with a user operation, and the planar image The generation step and the stereoscopic image generation step maintain the position of the measurement point on the screen and the scale and orientation of the survey photo image when the display image is switched.

  (7) A program according to the present invention displays a survey photograph image on a screen on a computer, measures coordinate data for a measurement point designated by the user on the survey photograph image, and displays the survey data of the survey photograph image Is a program for generating a plan view image generating means for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photograph image, and a stereo pair image as the survey photograph image. A stereoscopic image generating unit that generates a stereoscopic image, and a display image switching unit that switches a display image to be displayed on the screen between the planar image and the stereoscopic image according to a user operation, The stereoscopic image generation means and the stereoscopic image generation means are configured to display the position of the measurement point on the screen when the display image is switched. Maintaining the scale and orientation of the surveying photographic images.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a plotting system, a plotting method, and a program capable of acquiring data with suitable work efficiency and suitable accuracy.

1 is a schematic block diagram of a plotting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of a screen display of a display part. It is a schematic block diagram of the plotting system which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a plotting system 2 according to the first embodiment. The plotting system 2 includes a processing unit 4, a storage unit 6, an operation unit 8, and a display unit 10. Although it is possible to make dedicated hardware for processing the system as the processing unit 4, in this embodiment, the processing unit 4 is constructed using a computer and a program executed on the computer. .

  The processing unit 4 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer, and includes a planar image generation unit 20, a stereoscopic image generation unit 22, a display image switching processing unit 24, a coordinate calculation unit 26, and a display image generation unit 28, which will be described later. Function.

  The storage unit 6 is a storage device including a semiconductor memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory), a hard disk drive (HDD), and the like. The storage unit 6 stores various programs executed by the processing unit 4 and various data necessary for processing of the present system, and inputs and outputs such information to and from the processing unit 4.

  For example, ortho image data 30, aerial photograph data 32, external orientation data 34, and internal orientation data 36 are stored in the storage unit 6 in advance.

  The ortho image data 30 is image data generated by ortho-correcting an aerial photograph of a central projection taken from an aircraft or an artificial satellite image.

  On the other hand, the aerial photograph data 32 is image data such as a center-projected aerial photograph taken from an aircraft or an artificial satellite image, and is not orthorectified. As aerial photograph data 32, images obtained by photographing the same point on the ground surface from a plurality of different positions and directions in the air are acquired. The aerial photograph data 32 is used for generating a stereo pair image and stereo matching processing.

  The external orientation data 34 and the internal orientation data 36 are orientation elements related to photographing from an aircraft, an artificial satellite, and the like, and are used in the generation of a stereo pair image and stereo matching processing. External orientation elements are the camera position (projection center position) and posture. The internal orientation element is camera calibration information, and includes the principal point position, focal length, distortion, camera image resolution, and the like of the camera lens.

  The storage unit 6 also stores digital mapping data 40 as a result of the plotting process.

  The operation unit 8 is a keyboard, a mouse, or the like, and is used by a user to operate the system.

  The display unit 10 is an image display device such as a liquid crystal monitor, and displays a survey photograph image or the like to be subjected to digital mapping processing.

  The plan view image generation unit 20 generates a plan view image as a survey photograph image to be displayed on the screen of the display unit 10. Specifically, the planar image is a single image composed of an ortho image, and the planar image generation unit 20 generates an ortho image of a range / scale specified by the user based on the ortho image data 30.

  The stereoscopic image generation unit 22 generates a stereoscopic image as a survey photo image to be displayed on the screen of the display unit 10. For example, the stereoscopic image generation unit 22 generates a stereo pair image that is displayed in a time-division manner as a stereoscopic image from the aerial photograph data 32. The stereoscopic vision can be obtained by, for example, viewing the stereo pair image with glasses having a liquid crystal shutter in which the left and right visual fields are alternately shielded. In addition, a stereo pair image can be displayed by overlapping linearly polarized light orthogonal to each other and viewed with glasses with a polarizing filter. The stereoscopic image generation unit 22 may generate an anaglyph as a stereoscopic image from the stereo pair image. In this case, the observer can obtain the real vision by observing the anaglyph using glasses with red and blue color filters on the left and right. Furthermore, as a method for realizing stereoscopic vision with the naked eye, a method in which separate light beams are incident on the left and right eyes by a shielding plate or a lenticular lens (parallax barrier method), a display using a holographic display or integral photography A method of presenting a parallax image to the observer by reproducing the wavefront of the light beam as described above (light beam reproduction method) can also be used.

  The display image switching processing unit 24 displays either the ortho image generated by the planar image generation unit 20 or the stereoscopic image generated by the stereoscopic image generation unit 22 on the display unit 10 in accordance with a user operation. Switch the display.

  The coordinate calculation unit 26 digitizes the position (measurement point) designated by the user in the survey photograph image (ortho image or stereoscopic image) displayed on the display unit 10. Specifically, the coordinate calculation unit 26 can calculate the coordinates (two-dimensional coordinates) of the measurement points on the ground surface. Further, when the stereoscopic image is displayed, the coordinate calculation unit 26 performs a stereo matching process on the stereo pair image that constitutes the stereoscopic image or is a base point image thereof. Based on the coordinates and the corresponding internal orientation data 36 and external orientation data 34, coordinates on the ground surface (two-dimensional coordinates) and altitude are calculated. In addition, the user can change the position of the measurement point with respect to the height direction by operating the operation unit 8, and in this case, the coordinate calculation unit 26 calculates the height of the measurement point set by the user operation. .

  The display image generation unit 28 generates an image including a survey photo image as an image to be displayed on the screen of the display unit 10. As the display image of the display unit 10, a window and a display area other than the main window in which the survey photo image is displayed can be set. For example, a ribbon menu that allows various operations with the mouse is placed at the top of the screen, a window that displays the positional relationship between the entire survey photo image and the range currently displayed in the main window, The coordinates of the points can be displayed.

  Subsequently, the function of the plotting system 2 will be further described. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a screen display example of the display unit 10, and a screen 50a shown in FIG. 2A is an example of an ortho image display in which an ortho image 52 is displayed on the main window, and FIG. A screen 50b shown in FIG. 5 is an example of the stereoscopic image display in which the stereoscopic image 54 is displayed in the main window.

  The user can operate the mouse or the like that is the operation unit 8 to designate a measurement point on the survey photograph image displayed on the display unit 10. The planar vision image generation unit 20 and the stereoscopic vision image generation unit 22 include an ortho image 52 displayed on the screen 50 of the display unit 10 and a mark such as a “+” mark indicating the position of the measurement point on the stereoscopic vision image 54 (floating mark 56 ) Is generated and displayed. Thereby, the user can easily recognize the position of the measurement point.

  The plotting system 2 can switch between ortho image display and stereoscopic image display as described above. For an area where the user can easily read the feature with the ortho image, the user can efficiently perform the work by displaying the ortho image on the display unit 10 and performing the digitizing operation. On the other hand, in places where it is difficult to read the features of the ortho image or where occlusion occurs, or where height measurement is required, the display image is switched to the stereoscopic image and digitization is performed. In addition, the planar position accuracy can be improved, and the height can be measured.

  The plotting system 2 enables digitizing work performed by switching the display image on one screen. That is, the ortho image 52 and the stereoscopic image 54 are switched and displayed at the same position on the screen of the display unit 10. Further, the plotting system 2 prevents the position (two-dimensional position) on the screen of the measurement point (floating mark 56) from changing during the switching. Further, the plotting system 2 does not change the scale or orientation of the survey photo image when the display image is switched. For example, at the time of switching from the ortho image display to the stereoscopic image display, the position on the ground surface and the position on the screen of the measurement point set in the planar view image generation unit 20, the scale of the survey photograph image, The direction is taken over by the stereoscopic image generation unit 22, and conversely, when switching from the stereoscopic image display to the ortho image display, they are taken over from the stereoscopic image generation unit 22 to the planar vision image generation unit 20.

  In this way, the display image is switched on one screen, and at that time, by maintaining the position of the measurement point on the screen, the scale and orientation of the survey photo image, etc., the user can perform the measurement and the realization of the ortho image. When switching between measurement with a visual image, the digitizing operation can be continued without moving the viewpoint, and the burden of grasping the correspondence between the display images before and after the switching is reduced. Therefore, the use efficiency of the user in the digital mapping process is improved by using the plotting system 2.

  Further, when switching from the ortho image display to the stereoscopic image display, the stereoscopic image generation unit 22 stereoscopically displays the measurement point in the stereoscopic image 54 at a depth corresponding to the altitude of the ground surface or the surface of the feature. Generate an image. Specifically, the elevation of the surface of the ground surface or feature reflected at the position of the measurement point is calculated by the coordinate calculation unit 26 as described above, and the stereoscopic image generation unit 22 detects the floating marks 56 and 56 ′ in the stereoscopic image. Is set to have a value corresponding to the altitude. Alternatively, the mutual positions of parallax images such as stereo pair images are shifted so that the floating marks 56 and 56 ′ match. As a result, when the display image is switched to the stereoscopic image, a stereoscopic vision in which the floating mark is located on the ground surface or the surface of the feature is obtained. On the other hand, in the ortho image display before switching, the floating mark is visually recognized as being located on the ground surface or the surface of the feature displayed in a plane on the screen. Therefore, by setting the depth of the floating mark when switching to the stereoscopic image as described above, it is difficult for the user to receive the impression that the height at which the floating mark is placed when switching the display image, and the user feels uncomfortable. As a result, the efficiency of digitizing work can be prevented from being reduced.

  The measured coordinates of the measurement points and the figure input along the contour of the feature are stored in the digital mapping data 40 together with attribute information added by the user.

  As described above, in the stereoscopic image display, the user can change the height of the measurement point. However, after switching to the stereoscopic image display, the user changes the height of the measurement point. If not, the plotting system 2 is configured to automatically set the height of the measurement point on the surface of the ground or the surface of the feature calculated by the stereo matching by the coordinate calculation unit 26 even if the measurement point moves within the screen. it can. Thereby, labor saving of operation for a user to acquire height can be achieved.

  For example, the display image generation unit 28 can display the coordinates of the measurement point beside the floating mark, and in the stereoscopic image display, the three-dimensional coordinates 58b are displayed as the coordinates. In the ortho image display, two-dimensional coordinates 58a can be basically displayed as the coordinates. On the other hand, even when displaying the ortho image, the coordinate calculation unit 26 performs a stereo matching process based on the stereo pair image corresponding to the displayed ortho image to obtain the altitude of the surface of the ground surface or the feature at the position of the floating mark. The display image generation unit 28 may calculate and display the three-dimensional coordinates including the altitude on the ortho image 52.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a plotting system 60 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Among the components of this embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of the components is basically omitted, and mainly the differences from the first embodiment. Will be explained.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a plotting system 60 according to the second embodiment. The processing unit 4 of the plotting system 60 has functions as a planar image generation unit 20, a stereo pair image generation unit 62, a coordinate calculation unit 26, and a display image generation unit 28.

  The plotting system 60 displays an ortho image, which is a planar view image, as a survey photo image on the display unit 10, and the user sets a measurement point on the ortho image and acquires data.

  The stereo pair image generation unit 62 generates a stereo pair image of the ground area corresponding to the ortho image displayed on the display unit 10.

  The coordinate calculation unit 26 digitizes the position of the measurement point (floating mark) designated by the user in the ortho image displayed on the display unit 10. The coordinate calculation unit 26 performs a stereo matching process based on a stereo pair image corresponding to the displayed ortho image in addition to the coordinates (two-dimensional coordinates) of the measurement points on the ground surface, and at the position of the measurement point. The altitude of the ground surface or the surface of the feature is calculated, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement points are obtained.

  The display image generation unit 28 generates an image including the ortho image generated by the planar image generation unit 20 as an image to be displayed on the screen of the display unit 10. In the display image of the display unit 10, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement points calculated by the coordinate calculation unit 26 are displayed, for example, beside the floating mark. In the plotting system 60, the survey photograph image displayed on the display unit 10 is a planar view image, and the user does not perform an operation for acquiring the height of the measurement point. However, the plotting system 60 automatically acquires the elevation of the surface of the ground surface or feature at the position of the measurement point. The user can easily interpret the feature or the like with reference to the altitude displayed on the screen.

  2,60 Plotting system, 4 processing unit, 6 storage unit, 8 operation unit, 10 display unit, 20 planar image generation unit, 22 stereoscopic image generation unit, 24 display image switching processing unit, 26 coordinate calculation unit, 28 Display image generation unit, 30 ortho image data, 32 aerial photograph data, 34 external orientation data, 36 internal orientation data, 40 digital mapping data, 62 stereo pair image generation unit.

Claims (7)

A plotting system that displays a survey photo image on a screen, measures coordinate data for a measurement point specified by a user on the survey photo image, and generates plot data of the survey photo image,
A plan view image generating unit for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photo image;
As the survey photo image, a stereoscopic image generation unit that generates a stereoscopic image based on a stereo pair image,
Display image switching means for switching a display image to be displayed on the screen between the planar image and the stereoscopic image in accordance with a user operation;
Have
The planar image generation unit and the stereoscopic image generation unit maintain the position of the measurement point on the screen, the scale and orientation of the survey photo image when the display image is switched;
A plotting system characterized by The plotting system according to claim 1,
A coordinate calculation unit that calculates the elevation at the measurement point by performing a stereo matching process on the stereo pair image,
The stereoscopic image generation unit generates, as the stereoscopic image, an image in which the measurement point is stereoscopically viewed at a depth corresponding to the elevation;
A plotting system characterized by In the plotting system according to claim 1 or 2,
A coordinate calculation unit that performs stereo matching processing on the stereo pair image to calculate an elevation at the measurement point, and obtains a coordinate on the ground surface of the measurement point and a three-dimensional coordinate including the elevation;
As an image to be displayed on the screen, a display image generation unit that generates an image for displaying the survey photograph image and the three-dimensional coordinates;
A plotting system comprising: A plotting system that displays a survey photo image on a screen, measures coordinate data for a measurement point specified by a user on the survey photo image, and generates plot data of the survey photo image,
A plan view image generating unit for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photo image;
A stereo pair image generating unit for generating a stereo pair image of the ground region corresponding to the planar view image;
A coordinate calculation unit that performs stereo matching processing on the stereo pair image to calculate an elevation at the measurement point, and obtains a coordinate on the ground surface of the measurement point and a three-dimensional coordinate including the elevation;
As an image to be displayed on the screen, a display image generation unit that generates an image for displaying the survey photograph image and the three-dimensional coordinates;
A plotting system comprising: In the plotting system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The plotting system, wherein the planar image is an ortho image. A plotting method for displaying a survey photo image on a screen, measuring coordinate data for a measurement point designated by a user on the survey photo image, and generating plotting data of the survey photo image,
A plan view image generating step for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photo image;
As the survey photograph image, a stereoscopic image generation step of generating a stereoscopic image based on a stereo pair image,
A display image switching step of switching a display image to be displayed on the screen between the planar image and the stereoscopic image in accordance with a user operation;
Have
The plan view image generation step and the stereoscopic image generation step maintain the position of the measurement point on the screen, the scale and orientation of the survey photo image when the display image is switched,
A plotting method characterized by A program for causing a computer to display a survey photo image on a screen, measure coordinate data on a measurement point designated by a user on the survey photo image, and generate a plotting data of the survey photo image And the computer
A plan view image generating means for generating a plan view image consisting of a single image as the survey photo image;
As the survey photo image, a stereoscopic image generation means for generating a stereoscopic image based on a stereo pair image, and
In response to a user operation, the display image to be displayed on the screen functions as display image switching means for switching between the planar image and the stereoscopic image,
The planar image generation means and the stereoscopic image generation means maintain the position of the measurement point on the screen, the scale and orientation of the survey photo image when switching the display image,
A program characterized by

Images