JP2014213364A - Hot forging mold - Google Patents
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- JP2014213364A JP2014213364A JP2013094102A JP2013094102A JP2014213364A JP 2014213364 A JP2014213364 A JP 2014213364A JP 2013094102 A JP2013094102 A JP 2013094102A JP 2013094102 A JP2013094102 A JP 2013094102A JP 2014213364 A JP2014213364 A JP 2014213364A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、チタン製の鍛造品を金型を用いて鍛造する際に、金型間への被加工材の噛み込みを抑制する熱間鍛造金型に関する。 The present invention relates to a hot forging die that suppresses biting of a workpiece between dies when a forged product made of titanium is forged using the die.
一般に、純チタンやTi-6Al-4Vなどのチタン合金は、優れた機械特性や耐食性を有することから、航空機や車両などの輸送機器のエンジン部材、あるいはシャーシなどの構造部材に用いられている。
このような純チタンやチタン合金を用いて上述した鍛造品を鍛造する際には、一般に金型を用いた熱間の据え込み鍛造方法が用いられる。据え込み鍛造方法は、予め製品形状を模して形成された金型内に加熱された被加工材を装入し、挿入した被加工材を高温状態に保持したまま押し出すことで、金型に沿った形状に引き伸ばすように変形させながら鍛造するものである。据え込み鍛造方法を用いれば、鍛造中の変形において製品形状に沿ったメタルフローが得られるため他の加工方法に比べてより粘り強く、耐衝撃破壊性に優れた鍛造品を得ることができる。
Generally, titanium alloys such as pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V have excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and are therefore used in engine members for transportation equipment such as aircraft and vehicles, and structural members such as chassis.
When forging the above-described forged product using such pure titanium or titanium alloy, a hot upset forging method using a mold is generally used. The upset forging method is a method in which a heated workpiece is placed in a mold that is pre-modeled to simulate a product shape, and the inserted workpiece is extruded while being held at a high temperature. Forging while deforming so as to stretch along the shape. If the upset forging method is used, a metal flow that conforms to the product shape can be obtained in the deformation during forging, so that a forged product that is more tenacious and superior in impact fracture resistance than other processing methods can be obtained.
そこで、特許文献１に開示されるように、鍛造品の生産性を向上させることを目的として、この据え込み鍛造を円滑に進行させるための技術が開発されている。
特許文献１に開示の前方押出鍛造方法は、筒形のブランクをダイス内に挿入し且つ前方に押出して縮径するに際し、上記ダイス内の収容部に挿入したブランクの後端面を押圧するパンチの先端面に、該先端面の周辺から斜めに凹む傾斜縁とこれに隣接する凹リングとを設け、上記ブランクにパンチが当接した際に上記先端面の傾斜縁によりブランクの後端面における周縁をその中心寄りに流動させ且つ上記凹リング内に進入させると共に、上記ブランクをダイス内の前方寄りの縮径部に押出して縮径する、ことを特徴とするものである。
Therefore, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for the purpose of improving the productivity of a forged product, a technique for smoothly proceeding this upset forging has been developed.
The forward extrusion forging method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a punch that presses the rear end face of a blank inserted into a housing portion in the die when the cylindrical blank is inserted into the die and pushed forward to reduce the diameter. Provided on the front end surface is an inclined edge that is obliquely recessed from the periphery of the front end surface and a concave ring adjacent thereto, and when the punch comes into contact with the blank, the peripheral edge on the rear end surface of the blank is formed by the inclined edge of the front end surface. The blank is caused to flow toward the center and enter into the concave ring, and the blank is extruded into a reduced diameter portion closer to the front in the die to reduce the diameter.
特許文献１の前方押出鍛造方法は、パンチの圧下面に外周から内側にかけて斜めに凹む傾斜縁を設けることで、被加工材であるブランクの後端面の周縁をその中心寄りに流動させてバリ噛み込みを抑止する方法である。しかし、パンチの圧下面の周縁部が摩耗し易く実用的ではない。これに加えて、特許文献１の図１及び図４に示されるように、ダイスに挿入されるブランクのサイズがダイスとほぼ同一で、ダイスとブランクとの間にほとんど隙間がない場合、以下に説明する問題が生じる。 The forward extrusion forging method of Patent Document 1 is provided with an inclined edge that is obliquely recessed from the outer periphery to the inner side on the pressed surface of the punch, thereby causing the peripheral edge of the rear end surface of the blank, which is a workpiece, to flow toward the center and burr bite. This is a method to suppress the inclusion. However, it is not practical because the peripheral edge portion of the pressed surface of the punch is easily worn. In addition to this, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 of Patent Document 1, when the size of the blank inserted into the die is almost the same as the die and there is almost no gap between the die and the blank, The problem to explain arises.
ダイスに挿入されたブランクがパンチによって押圧すると、パンチとダイスの間に存在するわずかな隙間にブランクの一部が入り込んで冷却されて硬化する。この隙間に入り込んで硬化したブランクの一部はいわゆるバリとよばれるものである。このバリの発生はパンチの押圧を妨げるほどの抵抗となり、円滑な据え込み鍛造を阻む要因となる。
このように、ダイスに挿入されるブランクのサイズがダイスとほぼ同一である場合、特許文献１の技術ではバリの発生を抑制することはできず、据え込み鍛造を円滑に進行させるのは困難である。
When the blank inserted into the die is pressed by the punch, a part of the blank enters a slight gap existing between the punch and the die and is cooled and hardened. A part of the blank which has entered into the gap and hardened is called a burr. The occurrence of this burr becomes a resistance that hinders the pressing of the punch and becomes a factor that hinders the smooth upset forging.
Thus, when the size of the blank inserted into the die is almost the same as that of the die, the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot suppress the generation of burrs, and it is difficult to make upset forging proceed smoothly. is there.
本発明は、上述の問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、下金型であるダイスに挿入された被加工材と該ダイスとの間にほとんど隙間がない場合であっても、据え込み鍛造を円滑に進行させることができる熱間鍛造金型を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and upsetting forging is performed even when there is almost no gap between the work piece inserted into the lower die and the die. It aims at providing the hot forging die which can be advanced smoothly.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明の熱間鍛造金型は以下の技術的手段を講じている。
即ち、本発明の熱間鍛造金型は、下金型と前記下金型に押し付けられる上金型からなり、前記上金型を前記下金型に押し付けることによって前記下金型内に装入された被加工材
を据え込み鍛造する熱間鍛造金型であって、前記上金型は、柱状のポンチ部と、前記ポンチ部の端部に形成されて前記被加工材に押し付けられる柱状の接触部とを備え、前記接触部は、前記柱状のポンチ部の側面よりも前記ポンチ部の内部側に後退した側面を有すると共に、前記下金型に押し付けられたときに前記下金型及び前記ポンチ部と共に前記接触部を取り囲む空間であるポケット部を形成することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the hot forging die of the present invention employs the following technical means.
That is, the hot forging die of the present invention comprises a lower die and an upper die pressed against the lower die, and the upper die is pushed into the lower die by being pressed against the lower die. A hot forging die for upsetting and forging a workpiece to be processed, wherein the upper die is formed in a columnar punch portion and an end portion of the punch portion to be pressed against the workpiece A contact portion, and the contact portion has a side surface that is recessed toward the inner side of the punch portion than the side surface of the columnar punch portion, and when pressed against the lower die, A pocket portion which is a space surrounding the contact portion is formed together with the punch portion.
ここで、前記ポケット部が、前記ポンチ部の側面と前記下金型との間の隙間よりも大きく、前記ポンチ部の寸法の５％以下の断面幅を有するとよい。
また、前記ポケット部が、前記ポンチ部の側面と前記下金型との間の隙間よりも大きい断面高さを有するとよい。
Here, the pocket portion may have a cross-sectional width that is larger than a gap between a side surface of the punch portion and the lower mold and is 5% or less of a dimension of the punch portion.
Moreover, it is good for the said pocket part to have a cross-sectional height larger than the clearance gap between the side surface of the said punch part, and the said lower metal mold | die.
本発明の熱間鍛造金型によれば、下金型に挿入された被加工材と該下金型との間にほとんど隙間がない場合であっても、据え込み鍛造を円滑に進行させることができる。 According to the hot forging die of the present invention, even if there is almost no gap between the workpiece inserted into the lower die and the lower die, the upset forging can be smoothly advanced. Can do.
以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面に基づき詳しく説明する。
本実施形態による熱間鍛造金型１は、図１に示す手順の熱間鍛造（据え込み鍛造）で用いられる。なお、図１〜図３の紙面に向かっての上下方向は重力方向と一致している。つまり、以下の説明で用いる「上」、「下」の語について、「上」は熱間鍛造金型１が設置された空間における天井側に対応し、「下」は同空間における床面などの設置面側に対応する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The hot forging die 1 according to the present embodiment is used in hot forging (upsetting forging) according to the procedure shown in FIG. In addition, the up-down direction toward the paper surface of FIGS. 1 to 3 coincides with the direction of gravity. That is, for the terms “upper” and “lower” used in the following description, “upper” corresponds to the ceiling side in the space where the hot forging die 1 is installed, “lower” refers to the floor surface in the same space, etc. Corresponds to the installation surface side.
図１及び図２を参照して、本実施形態による熱間鍛造金型１の構成を説明し、熱間鍛造（据え込み鍛造）の手順を説明する。
ここで、図１は、本実施形態による熱間鍛造金型１を用いた熱間鍛造の手順を説明する模式図であり、（ａ）は鍛造開始前の熱間鍛造金型１の状態、（ｂ）は鍛造中の熱間鍛造金型１の状態、（ｃ）は鍛造完了後の熱間鍛造金型１及び鍛造品Ｗの状態を示している。また、図２は、熱間鍛造金型１の上金型５を下方から見た斜視図である。
With reference to FIG.1 and FIG.2, the structure of the hot forging die 1 by this embodiment is demonstrated, and the procedure of hot forging (upset forging) is demonstrated.
Here, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the procedure of hot forging using the hot forging die 1 according to the present embodiment, (a) is the state of the hot forging die 1 before forging starts, (B) shows the state of the hot forging die 1 during forging, and (c) shows the state of the hot forging die 1 and the forged product W after completion of forging. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the upper die 5 of the hot forging die 1 as viewed from below.
図１（ａ）〜図１（ｃ）に示すように、熱間鍛造金型１は、加熱された鍛造元材である被加工材（以下、荒地（あらじ）と呼ぶ）２を金型の形状に沿って熱間状態で変形させることにより、図１（ｃ）に示す所望の形状の鍛造品（荒地鍛造品）Ｗを成形するものである。
熱間鍛造金型１は、上金型５と下金型４の上下２つの金型に分割できる構成を有しており、下金型４は、装入された荒地２を載置し、後述する上金型５で押下された荒地２を目的の形状に成形する型であり、上金型５は、下金型４に装入された荒地２を上方から圧下（押下）するものである。
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), a hot forging die 1 is a heated forging base material (hereinafter referred to as rough ground) 2 which is a die. A forged product (waste ground forged product) W having a desired shape shown in FIG. 1C is formed by deforming in a hot state along the shape.
The hot forging die 1 has a configuration that can be divided into two upper and lower dies, that is, an upper die 5 and a lower die 4, and the lower die 4 mounts the charged wasteland 2, This is a mold that molds a wasteland 2 pressed by an upper mold 5 to be described later into a desired shape, and the upper mold 5 presses down (presses) the wasteland 2 inserted in the lower mold 4 from above. is there.
被加工材である荒地２は、純チタン、Ti-6Al-4Vなどのチタン合金、ニッケル合金、ステンレス鋼などを用いて、例えば上下方向に長尺とされた略円柱状などの柱形状（柱状）であると共に、上端や下端の縁が斜めに面取りされたような形状に形成されている。なお、本実施形態でいう柱形状とは、長尺の荒地２をその長手方向に対して垂直な平面で切断したときに、長手方向におけるいずれの位置でもほぼ同じ断面形状が得られる形状をいう。また、本実施形態でいう断面とは、特に断りがない限り、設置された熱間鍛造金型１の上下方向に垂直な平面で切断したときの切断面を意味する。 The wasteland 2 that is the work material is made of a pure titanium, titanium alloy such as Ti-6Al-4V, nickel alloy, stainless steel, etc. ) And the edge of the upper end and the lower end are formed in a shape that is obliquely chamfered. In addition, the column shape referred to in the present embodiment refers to a shape in which substantially the same cross-sectional shape is obtained at any position in the longitudinal direction when the long wasteland 2 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. . Moreover, the cross section as used in this embodiment means the cut surface when cut | disconnecting by the plane perpendicular | vertical to the up-down direction of the installed hot forging metal mold | die 1 unless there is particular notice.
まず、下金型４の構成を説明する。
図１に示すように、下金型４は、内部に荒地２を装入可能な円筒状の型上部６と、この型上部６の下側に設けられて型上部６内の荒地２を下方より支持する型下部７とを有している。型上部６は、荒地２の外径とほぼ同じ大きさの内径を有すると共に下金型４の上下
方向に沿って貫通状に形成された柱状の孔部８を有している。荒地２は、この孔部８の上方から孔部８内に装入可能である。
First, the configuration of the lower mold 4 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the lower mold 4 includes a cylindrical mold upper portion 6 in which the wasteland 2 can be inserted, and a lower mold 2 provided below the mold upper portion 6. And a mold lower part 7 for further support. The mold upper part 6 has a columnar hole 8 that has an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the waste land 2 and that is formed in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction of the lower mold 4. The wasteland 2 can be inserted into the hole 8 from above the hole 8.
なお、孔部８に荒地２を装入する際は、例えば、加熱前の荒地２にガラス潤滑剤や離型剤等を塗布し、その後、後述する上金型を用いて据え込み鍛造が行われる。ガラス潤滑剤は、被加工材である荒地２の酸化および鍛造直前の温度低下を抑制するとともに、鍛造時の摩擦を低減し成形を容易にする。また、固体潤滑成分を含む離型剤は、ガラス潤滑剤のガラスの金型成形面への貼付きを抑制して鍛造品Ｗの離型を容易にする。 In addition, when charging the wasteland 2 into the hole 8, for example, a glass lubricant, a mold release agent, or the like is applied to the wasteland 2 before heating, and then upset forging is performed using an upper die described later. Is called. The glass lubricant suppresses oxidation of the wasteland 2 as a work material and a temperature drop immediately before forging, and reduces friction during forging to facilitate molding. Moreover, the mold release agent containing a solid lubricant component suppresses sticking of the glass lubricant to the mold surface of the glass and facilitates the release of the forged product W.
また、型下部７は、型上部６の下方にこの型上部６と一体となるように形成されている。型下部７は、型上部６に装入された荒地２（孔部８の内径）よりも小径で且つ下金型４の上下方向に沿って形成された柱状の貫通孔９を有している。この小径の貫通孔９の存在によって、該貫通孔９の内径よりも大きな寸法の荒地２の下方への移動が規制されるので、型上部６の孔部８に装入された荒地２が、型下部７の上側に保持される。 The lower mold part 7 is formed so as to be integrated with the upper mold part 6 below the upper mold part 6. The mold lower part 7 has a columnar through-hole 9 that is smaller in diameter than the rough ground 2 (inner diameter of the hole 8) inserted in the mold upper part 6 and is formed along the vertical direction of the lower mold 4. . Due to the presence of the small-diameter through-hole 9, the downward movement of the rough ground 2 having a size larger than the inner diameter of the through-hole 9 is restricted, so that the rough ground 2 inserted into the hole 8 of the mold upper portion 6 is It is held on the upper side of the mold lower part 7.
具体的には、上述の型上部６の孔部８と型下部７の貫通孔９は、孔部８の直下と貫通孔９の直上をつなぐ接続孔部９ａによって一体となっており、型上部６に装入された荒地２は、この接続孔部９ａによって支持されて下方への移動が規制される。
接続孔部９ａは、貫通孔９の上側の開口縁の周囲の全周を取り囲むと共に孔部８の下側の開口縁の周囲の全周を取り囲むように、貫通孔９から孔部８に向かって内径が大きくなる傾斜面で構成される孔である。型上部６の孔部８に装入された荒地２は、接続孔部９ａの傾斜面に接して支持されることで下方への移動が規制される。
Specifically, the hole 8 of the mold upper part 6 and the through hole 9 of the mold lower part 7 are integrated by a connection hole part 9a that connects the part directly below the hole part 8 and the part directly above the through hole 9, The wasteland 2 charged in 6 is supported by the connecting hole 9a and its downward movement is restricted.
The connection hole portion 9a is directed from the through hole 9 toward the hole portion 8 so as to surround the entire circumference around the upper opening edge of the through hole 9 and to surround the entire circumference around the lower opening edge of the hole portion 8. This is a hole composed of an inclined surface with an increased inner diameter. The wasteland 2 inserted into the hole 8 of the mold upper part 6 is supported in contact with the inclined surface of the connection hole 9a, so that the downward movement is restricted.
図１（ｃ）に示すように、このような、孔部８、接続孔部９ａ及び貫通孔９のそれぞれの形状は、一体となることで所望の鍛造品Ｗの形状を実現する金型成形面を形成している。つまり、型上部６の孔部８に装入された荒地２を、接続孔部９ａ及び貫通孔９に圧下（押圧）して押し込むことで、つまり鍛造することで所望の形状の鍛造品Ｗを成形することができる。 As shown in FIG.1 (c), the shape of each of such a hole part 8, the connection hole part 9a, and the through-hole 9 is die shaping | molding which implement | achieves the shape of the desired forged product W by uniting. A surface is formed. In other words, the forged product W having a desired shape is obtained by pressing (pressing) the rough ground 2 inserted into the hole 8 of the mold upper part 6 into the connection hole 9a and the through hole 9 and forging it. Can be molded.
なお、下金型４の下側には金型支持機構（図示せず）が設けられており、下金型４を床面などに対して支持している。
さらに、下金型４の下側には、鍛造が終了した鍛造品Ｗを排出するノックアウト棒（図示せず）と、このノックアウト棒を上下方向に移動させるシリンダ機構（図示せず）とが設けられている。ノックアウト棒は、下金型４のさらに下方において上下方向への移動が可能な状態で、型下部７の貫通孔９に対応する位置に配置されている。このノックアウト棒は、上方に移動することで、鍛造後に貫通孔９内に存在する鍛造品Ｗを押し上げて、該鍛造品Ｗを下金型４（孔部８、接続孔部９ａ及び貫通孔９）の成形面から引き剥がす。ノックアウト棒の上下方向への移動は、油圧シリンダ機構などを用いて実現することができる。
A mold support mechanism (not shown) is provided below the lower mold 4 to support the lower mold 4 with respect to the floor surface or the like.
Furthermore, a knockout bar (not shown) for discharging the forged product W after forging and a cylinder mechanism (not shown) for moving the knockout bar in the vertical direction are provided on the lower side of the lower die 4. It has been. The knockout bar is disposed at a position corresponding to the through hole 9 in the lower part 7 of the lower mold 4 in a state in which the knockout bar can move in the vertical direction further below the lower mold 4. The knockout rod moves upward to push up the forged product W existing in the through hole 9 after forging, and the forged product W is moved to the lower mold 4 (hole portion 8, connecting hole portion 9a and through hole 9). ). The movement of the knockout bar in the vertical direction can be realized using a hydraulic cylinder mechanism or the like.
次に、図１及び図２を参照して、熱間鍛造金型１の上金型５の構成を説明する。図２は、上金型５を下方から見た斜視図である。
図１に示すように、上金型５は、下金型４の孔部８に装入された荒地８を押圧して接続孔部９ａ及び貫通孔９に押し込むものである。この上金型５は、下金型４に装入された荒地８に対して近接及び離反が可能となるように下金型４の上方に配置されている。上金型５を下降させて下金型４に押し付けることで荒地２を上方から押しつぶすように圧下すると、荒地２を接続孔部９ａ及び貫通孔９に押し込むことができる。
Next, with reference to FIG.1 and FIG.2, the structure of the upper metal mold | die 5 of the hot forging metal mold | die 1 is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the upper mold 5 as viewed from below.
As shown in FIG. 1, the upper mold 5 presses the rough ground 8 inserted into the hole 8 of the lower mold 4 and pushes it into the connection hole 9 a and the through hole 9. The upper mold 5 is disposed above the lower mold 4 so as to be able to approach and separate from the rough ground 8 inserted in the lower mold 4. When the upper die 5 is lowered and pressed against the lower die 4 so as to crush the wasteland 2 from above, the wasteland 2 can be pushed into the connection hole 9a and the through hole 9.
図２を参照して、上金型５は、柱形状（柱状）のポンチ部１１と、ポンチ部１１の端部（上端部）に形成された鍔状の頭部１２と、ポンチ部１１のもう一方の端部（下端部）に形成されて荒地２に押し付けられる柱状の接触部１３と、接触部１３の周囲を取り囲む段差によって形成されるポケット部１４と、を有する。
ポンチ部１１は、型上部６の孔部８の断面形状とほぼ同じ形状及び大きさの断面形状を有する柱形状の部材であり、本実施形態では円柱形状を有している。この柱状のポンチ部１１の高さは下金型４の孔部８の深さ以下であって、下金型４で成形される鍛造品Ｗの形状に合わせて選択される。
Referring to FIG. 2, the upper mold 5 includes a columnar (columnar) punch portion 11, a bowl-shaped head portion 12 formed at an end portion (upper end portion) of the punch portion 11, and a punch portion 11. It has a columnar contact portion 13 formed at the other end (lower end) and pressed against the wasteland 2, and a pocket portion 14 formed by a step surrounding the contact portion 13.
The punch portion 11 is a columnar member having a cross-sectional shape substantially the same shape and size as the cross-sectional shape of the hole portion 8 of the mold upper portion 6, and has a cylindrical shape in the present embodiment. The height of the columnar punch portion 11 is equal to or less than the depth of the hole 8 of the lower mold 4 and is selected according to the shape of the forged product W formed by the lower mold 4.
頭部１２は、ポンチ部１１の径よりも大きな径を有する円板状の部材であり、ポンチ部
１１の２つの端部のうち、一方の端部においてポンチ部１１とほぼ同心となる位置に設けられてポンチ部１１と一体の鍔となる。下金型４に装入された荒地２を押圧するためにポンチ部１１を孔部８に挿入すると、鍔である頭部１２が下金型４と接触する位置でポンチ部１１の挿入が止まって上金型５による荒地２の押圧が止まる。頭部１２と下金型４を接触せずに、もしくは頭部１２を設けずに、所定の圧下位置で押圧を止めてもよい。
The head 12 is a disk-shaped member having a diameter larger than the diameter of the punch portion 11, and is located at a position that is substantially concentric with the punch portion 11 at one end of the two ends of the punch portion 11. It is provided and becomes a bag integral with the punch part 11. When the punch 11 is inserted into the hole 8 in order to press the wasteland 2 charged in the lower mold 4, the insertion of the punch 11 stops at a position where the head 12, which is a saddle, contacts the lower mold 4. The pressing of the wasteland 2 by the upper mold 5 stops. The pressing may be stopped at a predetermined reduction position without contacting the head 12 and the lower mold 4 or without providing the head 12.
図２に示すように、接触部１３は、ポンチ部１１の径よりも小さな径を有し、ポンチ部１１の高さよりも十分に小さな厚みを有する円板状の部材であり、ポンチ部１１の２つの端部のうち、頭部１２が設けられていないもう一方の端部においてポンチ部１１とほぼ同心となる位置に一体に設けられている。接触部１３は、ポンチ部１１の端部の周縁を切削して切り欠くことでも得ることができ、ポンチ部１１の端部、つまりポンチ部１１の先端に段差を形成するものである。 As shown in FIG. 2, the contact portion 13 is a disk-like member having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the punch portion 11 and having a thickness sufficiently smaller than the height of the punch portion 11. Of the two ends, the other end where the head 12 is not provided is integrally provided at a position substantially concentric with the punch 11. The contact portion 13 can also be obtained by cutting and cutting the periphery of the end portion of the punch portion 11, and forms a step at the end portion of the punch portion 11, that is, the tip end of the punch portion 11.
図２に示す接触部１３は、円板状の部材であるが、ポンチ部１１よりも小径で非常に高さの低い円柱であると見ることができる。その上で同じく円柱形状のポンチ部１１と比較すると、接触部１３は、ポンチ部１１の周面である側面よりもポンチ部１１の内部側（軸心寄り）に後退した所定高さの周面を側面として有する。以下の説明では、この接触部１３の側面がポンチ部１１の側面から後退した距離を後退距離Ｄ１といい、接触部１３の側面の所定高さを側面高さＤ２という。 The contact portion 13 shown in FIG. 2 is a disk-shaped member, but can be regarded as a cylinder having a smaller diameter and a very low height than the punch portion 11. In addition, when compared with the cylindrical punch portion 11, the contact portion 13 has a peripheral surface with a predetermined height that is retracted from the side surface, which is the peripheral surface of the punch portion 11, to the inner side (near the axial center) of the punch portion 11. As a side. In the following description, the distance that the side surface of the contact portion 13 is retreated from the side surface of the punch portion 11 is referred to as a retreat distance D1, and the predetermined height of the side surface of the contact portion 13 is referred to as a side surface height D2.
本実施形態による熱間鍛造金型１のように、下金型４の孔部８の内径とほぼ同じ大きさの外径を有する荒地２を鍛造する金型の場合、下金型４に荒地２を装入すると、下金型４の孔部８と荒地２との間には、わずかな隙間が存在するだけとなる。その上で、下金型４の孔部８の内径とほぼ同じ大きさの外径を有するポンチ部１１を下金型４の孔部８に挿入し荒地２を押圧すると、孔部８の壁面、ポンチ部１１、荒地２の３者が互いに接触する領域ではほとんど隙間が無くなってしまう。しかし、ポンチ部１１の先端に形成された接触部１３の周囲だけは、接触部１３の側面と下金型４の孔部８の壁面との間に、接触部１３の後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２に対応した大きさの空間が形成される。この空間をポケット部１４と呼び、以下に説明する。 In the case of a die that forges a rough ground 2 having an outer diameter that is almost the same as the inner diameter of the hole 8 of the lower die 4, like the hot forging die 1 according to the present embodiment, the lower die 4 has a rough ground. When 2 is inserted, only a slight gap exists between the hole 8 of the lower mold 4 and the wasteland 2. Then, when the punch 11 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the hole 8 of the lower mold 4 is inserted into the hole 8 of the lower mold 4 and the rough ground 2 is pressed, the wall surface of the hole 8 In the region where the three members of the punch unit 11 and the wasteland 2 are in contact with each other, there is almost no gap. However, only the periphery of the contact portion 13 formed at the tip of the punch portion 11 is between the side surface of the contact portion 13 and the wall surface of the hole portion 8 of the lower mold 4 and the retreat distance D1 and the side surface height of the contact portion 13. A space having a size corresponding to the length D2 is formed. This space is called a pocket portion 14 and will be described below.
図３を参照しながら、ポケット部１４の構成を説明する。図３は、熱間鍛造金型１で形成されるポケット部１４の拡大図である。
ポケット部１４は、上金型５が下金型４に押し付けられたときに下金型４及びポンチ部１１と共に接触部１３を取り囲むように形成される空間である。図３に示すように、ポケット部１４は、ポンチ部１１の接触面１３に押圧されて変形する荒地２の一部である上端の周縁部分が逃げ込む空間である。このポケット部１４に逃げ込んだ荒地２の上端の周縁部分が接触部１３の側面と下金型４の孔部８の壁面に触れることで冷却されて硬化すると、荒地２の上端の周縁部分の更なる変形が起こらなくなる。この周縁部分の硬化は、荒地２が、ポケット部１４の上方にわずかに存在するポンチ部１１と孔部８の壁面との間の隙間に入り込んでバリとなることを防ぐ効果を生む。言い換えれば、ポンチ部１１の押圧を妨げる抵抗となるバリの発生を防ぐ効果が得られる。
The configuration of the pocket portion 14 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the pocket portion 14 formed by the hot forging die 1.
The pocket portion 14 is a space formed so as to surround the contact portion 13 together with the lower die 4 and the punch portion 11 when the upper die 5 is pressed against the lower die 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the pocket portion 14 is a space in which a peripheral portion of the upper end that is a part of the wasteland 2 that is pressed and deformed by the contact surface 13 of the punch portion 11 escapes. When the peripheral edge portion of the upper end of the waste land 2 escaping into the pocket portion 14 is cooled and hardened by touching the side surface of the contact portion 13 and the wall surface of the hole 8 of the lower mold 4, the peripheral edge portion of the upper end of the waste land 2 is further changed. No deformation occurs. The hardening of the peripheral edge portion has an effect of preventing the wasteland 2 from entering the gap between the punch portion 11 slightly above the pocket portion 14 and the wall surface of the hole portion 8 and becoming a burr. In other words, it is possible to obtain an effect of preventing the generation of burrs that serve as a resistance that hinders the pressing of the punch portion 11.
このように、ポケット部１４は、ポンチ部１１と孔部８の壁面との間の隙間にバリが発生しないように、荒地２の上端の周縁部分を敢えて逃がして硬化させるための空間である。従って、ポケット部１４は、逃げ込んだ荒地２がポケット部１４の上方に存在する隙間に到達する前に確実に硬化する大きさでなくてはならない。
そこで、ポケット部１４を接触部１３の側面と交差（例えば、直交）する平面で切断したときの断面において、ポンチ部１１の側面からの接触部１３の側面の後退距離Ｄ１に基づいて（対応して）決まる幅（断面幅）ＳＤ１を適切に選択する必要がある。つまり、後退距離Ｄ１に基づいて決まる幅ＳＤ１が狭ければ、ポケット部１４とポケット部１４の上方に存在する隙間との違いが無くなってしまい、幅の狭いポケット部１４で硬化した荒地２が、バリと同じくポンチ部１１の押圧を妨げる抵抗となってしまう。従って、後退距離Ｄ１に基づいて決まる幅ＳＤ１には下限がある。
Thus, the pocket part 14 is a space for deliberately letting off and hardening the peripheral edge part of the upper end of the rough ground 2 so that a burr | flash does not generate | occur | produce in the clearance gap between the punch part 11 and the wall surface of the hole part 8. FIG. Therefore, the pocket portion 14 must have such a size that the evacuated wasteland 2 is surely hardened before reaching the gap existing above the pocket portion 14.
Therefore, in the cross section when the pocket portion 14 is cut along a plane intersecting (for example, orthogonal to) the side surface of the contact portion 13, based on the receding distance D1 of the side surface of the contact portion 13 from the side surface of the punch portion 11 It is necessary to appropriately select the determined width (cross-sectional width) SD1. That is, if the width SD1 determined based on the receding distance D1 is narrow, the difference between the pocket portion 14 and the gap existing above the pocket portion 14 is eliminated, and the rough ground 2 hardened by the narrow pocket portion 14 is obtained. As with burrs, it becomes a resistance that prevents the punch 11 from being pressed. Accordingly, the width SD1 determined based on the retreat distance D1 has a lower limit.
反対に、後退距離Ｄ１に基づいて決まる幅ＳＤ１が広ければ、接触面１３の側面と孔部８の壁面との間に多くの荒地２が逃げ込むので、逃げ込んだ荒地２の内部の冷却に長い時
間が必要となる。逃げ込んだ荒地２の硬化が遅ければ、逃げ込んだ荒地２が、ポケット部１４の上方に存在する隙間にも入り込んでバリとなってしまうので、後退距離Ｄ１に基づいて決まる幅ＳＤ１には上限もある。
On the contrary, if the width SD1 determined based on the receding distance D1 is large, a large amount of the rough ground 2 escapes between the side surface of the contact surface 13 and the wall surface of the hole 8, so that it takes a long time to cool the inside of the rough waste land 2 that has escaped. Is required. If the escaped wasteland 2 hardens slowly, the escaped wasteland 2 enters a gap existing above the pocket portion 14 and becomes a burr, so that the width SD1 determined based on the retreat distance D1 also has an upper limit. .
本願の発明者は、ポンチ部１１の側面からの接触部１３の側面の後退距離Ｄ１に対応して決まる幅（断面幅）ＳＤ１を、ポンチ部１１の側面と下金型４（孔部８）のと間の隙間よりも大きく、ポンチ部１１の寸法の５％以下の範囲で選択すればよいことを知見した。ここで、ポンチ部１１の寸法としては、ポンチ部１１の断面形状を決定する値を選択することができる。例えば、ポンチ部１１の断面形状が円形であればその円の直径、多角形であれば対角線の長さなどを、ポンチ部１１の寸法として選択することができる。 The inventor of the present application determines the width (cross-sectional width) SD1 determined in accordance with the receding distance D1 of the side surface of the contact portion 13 from the side surface of the punch portion 11, and the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the lower mold 4 (hole portion 8). It has been found that the selection may be made in a range that is larger than the gap between and 5% or less of the dimension of the punch portion 11. Here, as a dimension of the punch part 11, a value that determines a cross-sectional shape of the punch part 11 can be selected. For example, if the cross-sectional shape of the punch portion 11 is circular, the diameter of the circle, and if the punch portion 11 is a polygon, the length of the diagonal line can be selected as the dimension of the punch portion 11.
熱間鍛造の対象となる荒地２の組成、及び熱間鍛造が行われる温度域や潤滑条件、プレス速度等の鍛造条件を考慮し、熱間鍛造金型１の大きさに合わせて、上述の範囲内で適切な幅ＳＤ１を選択すれば、バリの発生を抑制することができる。
ここで、ポケット部１４の幅ＳＤ１を、ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８との間の隙間よりも大きく、ポンチ部１１の寸法の５％以下の範囲で選択すればよいと説明したが、上述の構成を有する熱間鍛造金型１であれば、ポケット部１４の幅ＳＤ１と接触部１３の側面の後退距離Ｄ１はほぼ同一となる。従って、接触部１３の側面の後退距離Ｄ１を、ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８と間の隙間よりも大きく、ポンチ部１１の寸法の５％以下の範囲で選択してもよい。
In consideration of the composition of the wasteland 2 to be hot forged, the temperature range where the hot forging is performed, the lubrication conditions, the forging conditions such as the press speed, and the like, according to the size of the hot forging die 1, the above-mentioned If an appropriate width SD1 is selected within the range, the occurrence of burrs can be suppressed.
Here, it has been described that the width SD1 of the pocket portion 14 may be selected within a range that is larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8 and is 5% or less of the dimension of the punch portion 11. In the case of the hot forging die 1 having the above-described configuration, the width SD1 of the pocket portion 14 and the receding distance D1 of the side surface of the contact portion 13 are substantially the same. Therefore, the receding distance D1 of the side surface of the contact portion 13 may be selected within a range that is larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole 8 and is 5% or less of the dimension of the punch portion 11.
また、ポケット部１４を接触部１３の側面と交差（例えば、直交）する平面で切断したときの断面において、接触部１３の側面高さＤ２に基づいて（対応して）決まる高さ（断面高さ）ＳＤ２を適切に選択する必要がある。つまり、側面高さＤ２に基づいて決まる高さＳＤ２が低ければ、ポケット部１４で硬化する前に、荒地２がポケット部１４の上方に存在する隙間に入り込んでバリとなってしまい、パンチ部１１の押圧を妨げる抵抗となってしまう。従って、側面高さＤ２に基づいて決まる高さＳＤ２には下限がある。 Further, in a cross section when the pocket portion 14 is cut along a plane intersecting (for example, orthogonal to) the side surface of the contact portion 13, a height (cross sectional height) determined based on (corresponding to) the side surface height D2 of the contact portion 13. I) It is necessary to select SD2 appropriately. That is, if the height SD2 determined based on the side surface height D2 is low, before the hardened in the pocket portion 14, the wasteland 2 enters a gap existing above the pocket portion 14 to become a burr, and the punch portion 11 It will become the resistance which prevents the press of. Accordingly, the height SD2 determined based on the side surface height D2 has a lower limit.
また、荒地２がポケット部１４の上方に存在する隙間に入り込むのを防ぐには、側面高さＤ２に基づいて決まる高さＳＤ２が高いほど都合がよいので、側面高さＤ２に基づいて決まる高さＳＤ２には特に上限を設けない。しかし、ポケット部１４が大きくなり過ぎて逃げ込む荒地２の量が多くなり、逃げ込んだ荒地２の冷却速度の低下や、欠肉や鍛造品Ｗとしての歩留まり低下を招かないよう注意しなくてはならない。 Further, in order to prevent the wasteland 2 from entering the gap existing above the pocket portion 14, the higher the height SD2 determined based on the side surface height D2, the more convenient, the higher the level determined based on the side surface height D2. There is no particular upper limit for SD2. However, care must be taken so that the amount of the wasteland 2 that escapes due to the pocket portion 14 becoming too large increases the cooling rate of the escaped wasteland 2 and the yield of the forged product W decreases. .
本願の発明者は、接触部１３の側面高さＤ２に対応して決まる高さ（断面高さ）ＳＤ２を、ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８との間の隙間よりも大きくなるように選択すればよいことを知見した。熱間鍛造の対象となる荒地２の組成、及び熱間鍛造が行われる温度域を考慮すれば、熱間鍛造金型１の大きさを問わず、上述の数値範囲においてバリの発生を抑制することができる。 The inventor of the present application selects the height (cross-sectional height) SD2 determined in accordance with the side surface height D2 of the contact portion 13 so as to be larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8. I found out that I should do. In consideration of the composition of the wasteland 2 to be subjected to hot forging and the temperature range in which hot forging is performed, regardless of the size of the hot forging die 1, the occurrence of burrs is suppressed in the above numerical range. be able to.
ここで、ポケット部１４の高さＳＤ２を、ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８との間の隙間よりも大きくなるように選択すればよいと説明したが、上述の構成を有する熱間鍛造金型１であれば、ポケット部１４の高さＳＤ２と接触部の側面の高さＤ２はほぼ同一となる。従って、接触部１３の側面の高さＤ２を、ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８との間の隙間よりも大きくなるように選択してもよい。 Here, it has been described that the height SD2 of the pocket portion 14 may be selected so as to be larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8, but the hot forging metal having the above-described configuration. In the case of the mold 1, the height SD2 of the pocket portion 14 and the height D2 of the side surface of the contact portion are substantially the same. Therefore, the height D2 of the side surface of the contact portion 13 may be selected to be larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8.
ポケット部１４のサイズは、第一に上述のポケット部１４の幅ＳＤ１及び高さＳＤ２の範囲を満たすことが重要であり、上述の範囲内で各々の鍛造条件を考慮して適当な幅ＳＤ１及び高さＳＤ２を選択すれば、バリの発生を抑制することができる。ポケット部１４に流入する荒地２の温度低下の程度は、熱容量と熱伝導に起因するものであり、荒地２の変形能、物性、鍛造温度、形状や、金型温度、潤滑状態、プレス速度等の鍛造条件などに左右される。例えば、荒地２の温度と金型温度（ポンチ部１１や孔部８の温度）の差が小さければ、ポケット部１４に逃げ込む荒地２の冷却速度が遅くなるため、ポケット部１４の幅ＳＤ１を小さめに選択すればよい。チタン合金、ニッケル合金、ステンレス鋼などの熱間鍛造の一般的な鍛造条件の場合、ポケット部１４に逃げ込む荒地２が数秒〜十数秒以内に１００〜２００℃以上温度低下するよう、ポケット部１４の幅ＳＤ１及び高さＳＤ２を選択すればよい。 It is important for the size of the pocket portion 14 to satisfy the range of the width SD1 and the height SD2 of the pocket portion 14 described above, and an appropriate width SD1 and a suitable width SD1 in consideration of each forging condition within the above range. If the height SD2 is selected, the generation of burrs can be suppressed. The degree of the temperature drop of the wasteland 2 flowing into the pocket portion 14 is caused by the heat capacity and heat conduction, and the deformability, physical properties, forging temperature, shape, mold temperature, lubrication state, press speed, etc. of the wasteland 2 Depends on the forging conditions. For example, if the difference between the temperature of the wasteland 2 and the mold temperature (the temperature of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8) is small, the cooling rate of the wasteland 2 that escapes into the pocket portion 14 becomes slow, so the width SD1 of the pocket portion 14 is reduced. You may choose. In the case of general forging conditions for hot forging such as titanium alloy, nickel alloy, stainless steel, etc., the pocket portion 14 is formed such that the temperature of the waste land 2 escaping into the pocket portion 14 is lowered by 100 to 200 ° C. within a few seconds to a few dozen seconds. What is necessary is just to select width SD1 and height SD2.
下記の条件で熱間鍛造の２次元軸対称熱連成解析を行い、接触部１３の後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２の寸法を様々に変えて、ポンチ部１１と下金型４（孔部８）との間の隙間に入り込んだ荒地２の圧下方向に長さ（バリ高さ）を測定した。
実際の鍛造においては、ポケット部１４への荒地２の流動やバリの出方は、熱間鍛造金型１のセンタリング精度や潤滑状態等の影響により解析とは異なって不均一になる。また、鍛造形状や金型形状によってバリの出易さは異なり、潤滑状態が良好で摩擦が小さい場合や、鍛造前の荒地２の表面温度が低下している場合などは、バリが発生しないことも考えられる。そこで今回は、単純な鍛造形状・金型形状で、金型と荒地２の摩擦定数を比較的高め（せん断摩擦ｍｆ＝０.３５）にしてバリが発生する条件で解析を行い、ポケット部１４を設けていない場合のバリ高さと相対比較することで、バリ抑止効果があるか否かを判断した。
A two-dimensional axisymmetric thermal coupled analysis of hot forging is performed under the following conditions, and the dimensions of the receding distance D1 and the side surface height D2 of the contact portion 13 are variously changed, and the punch portion 11 and the lower die 4 (hole portion) 8) The length (burr height) was measured in the rolling direction of the wasteland 2 that entered the gap.
In actual forging, the flow of the wasteland 2 to the pocket portion 14 and the manner in which burrs come out become non-uniform unlike the analysis due to the influence of the centering accuracy of the hot forging die 1 and the lubrication state. In addition, the ease of burrs varies depending on the forging shape and mold shape, and burrs should not occur when the lubrication state is good and the friction is low, or when the surface temperature of the wasteland 2 before forging is lowered. Is also possible. Therefore, this time, the analysis was performed under the condition that burrs are generated with a simple forged shape / die shape, the friction constant between the die and the wasteland 2 being relatively high (shear friction mf = 0.35), and the pocket 14 It was judged whether or not there was a burr deterrent effect by making a relative comparison with the burr height when no burr was provided.
解析条件は、次の通りである。
金型について、孔部８の内径をφ３００ｍｍとし、ポンチ部１１の外径をφ２９６ｍｍとした。ポンチ部１１と下金型４（孔部８）との間の隙間を２ｍｍとし、押出比を約４とし、接続孔部９ａの傾斜面の傾斜角を４５°とした。
被加工材である荒地２は、Ｔｉ-６４合金であり、寸法をφ２９４ｍｍ×２８０ｍｍとし、加熱温度を９５０℃とした。
The analysis conditions are as follows.
Regarding the mold, the inner diameter of the hole 8 was set to φ300 mm, and the outer diameter of the punch portion 11 was set to φ296 mm. The gap between the punch 11 and the lower mold 4 (hole 8) was 2 mm, the extrusion ratio was about 4, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface of the connection hole 9a was 45 °.
The waste land 2 which is a workpiece is a Ti-64 alloy, has a size of φ294 mm × 280 mm, and a heating temperature of 950 ° C.
プレス条件は、圧下量を約１２０ｍｍとし、圧下速度を２０ｍｍ/ｓｅｃとした。
バリ高さの解析結果は、下の表１の通りである。
The pressing conditions were a reduction amount of about 120 mm and a reduction speed of 20 mm / sec.
The analysis result of burr height is as shown in Table 1 below.
表１において、後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２が共に０ｍｍである場合の結果が、ポケット部１４を設けなかった場合の結果である。今回の解析結果では、ポケット部１４を設けなかった場合のバリ高さは２.４ｍｍであった。すなわち、ポケット部１４を設けることによってバリ高さが２.４ｍｍより小さくなれば、ポケット部１４がバリ抑止効果を発揮したと言える。 In Table 1, the results when the receding distance D1 and the side surface height D2 are both 0 mm are the results when the pocket portion 14 is not provided. According to the analysis result this time, the burr height when the pocket portion 14 was not provided was 2.4 mm. That is, if the burr height is smaller than 2.4 mm by providing the pocket part 14, it can be said that the pocket part 14 exerts a burr suppressing effect.
表１において、バリ高さが２.４ｍｍより小さくなった結果を太線で取り囲んで強調した。この取り囲んだ結果に基づいて後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２を参照すると、後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２は、ポンチ部１１と下金型４（孔部８）との間の隙間である２ｍｍより大きければよく、後退距離Ｄ１は、１５ｍｍ未満であればよいことがわかる。この１５ｍｍは、ポンチ部１１の寸法である外径φ２９６ｍｍに対する割合（１５ｍｍ/２９６ｍｍ）が約５％となる値であるので、後退距離Ｄ１は、ポンチ部１１の寸法の５％以下
の範囲であればよいといえる。
In Table 1, the result that the burr height is smaller than 2.4 mm is highlighted by being surrounded by a bold line. Referring to the receding distance D1 and the side surface height D2 based on the enclosed result, the receding distance D1 and the side surface height D2 are 2 mm which is a gap between the punch part 11 and the lower mold 4 (hole part 8). It can be seen that the distance is larger and the receding distance D1 is less than 15 mm. This 15 mm is a value at which the ratio (15 mm / 296 mm) to the outer diameter φ296 mm, which is the dimension of the punch portion 11, is about 5%, so that the receding distance D1 is within a range of 5% or less of the dimension of the punch portion 11. I can say that.
ここで、後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２からなる接触部１３の周囲を取り囲む段差によって形成されるポケット部１４の断面の面積について考える。まず、断面の面積の下限は、後退距離Ｄ１及び側面高さＤ２が、共にポンチ部１１と孔部８との間の隙間である２ｍｍより大きくなくてはならないので、４ｍｍ２（２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ）より大きくなくてはならない。 Here, the area of the cross section of the pocket portion 14 formed by the step surrounding the periphery of the contact portion 13 having the receding distance D1 and the side surface height D2 will be considered. First, the lower limit of the cross-sectional area is 4 mm 2 (2 mm × 2 mm) because the receding distance D 1 and the side surface height D 2 must both be larger than 2 mm, which is the gap between the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8. Must be bigger.
上限については、表１の後退距離Ｄ１と側面高さＤ２の組み合わせ（Ｄ１，Ｄ２）について、（Ｄ１，Ｄ２）が（５，３０）、（１０，１５）、つまり断面の面積が１５０ｍｍ２であるときにバリ高さが２.４ｍｍであるので、１５０ｍｍ２未満であれば、ポケット部１４がバリ抑止効果を発揮できると判断できる。
なお、ポケット部１４の断面の面積が１５０ｍｍ２を超えると、多くの荒地２がポケット部１４に流入して荒地２の冷却、つまり硬化に時間がかかってしまう。そのため、ポンチ部１１と下金型４との間の隙間に入り込む荒地２の量も多くなり、多くのバリが発生し易くなるので、本実施例に関しては、ポケット部１４の断面の面積が１５０ｍｍ２を超えることは望ましくない。
Regarding the upper limit, for the combinations (D1, D2) of the receding distance D1 and the side surface height D2 in Table 1, (D1, D2) is (5, 30), (10, 15), that is, the cross-sectional area is 150 mm 2 Since the burr height is 2.4 mm at a certain time, it can be determined that if the burr height is less than 150 mm 2 , the pocket portion 14 can exert the burr suppressing effect.
In addition, when the area of the cross section of the pocket part 14 exceeds 150 mm < 2 >, a lot of wasteland 2 will flow into the pocket part 14, and it will take time for cooling of the wasteland 2, ie, hardening. Therefore, the amount of the wasteland 2 that enters the gap between the punch portion 11 and the lower mold 4 also increases, and a lot of burrs are likely to occur. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the area of the cross section of the pocket portion 14 is 150 mm. It is not desirable to exceed 2 .
なお、ポケット部１４に流入する荒地２の温度低下の程度は、熱容量と熱伝導に起因するものであり、荒地２の変形能や物性、温度や寸法、表面性状や潤滑状態、鍛造プレス条件などに左右される。上述の解析結果で規定されたポケット部１４（後退距離Ｄ１，側面高さＤ２）の数値範囲は、荒地２の温度、圧下量、及び圧下速度などの特定された鍛造条件に依存して限定されるべきものである。 In addition, the degree of the temperature drop of the wasteland 2 flowing into the pocket portion 14 is caused by the heat capacity and heat conduction, and the deformability and physical properties, temperature and dimensions, surface properties, lubrication state, forging press conditions, etc. of the wasteland 2 Depends on. The numerical range of the pocket portion 14 (retreat distance D1, side height D2) defined by the above analysis results is limited depending on the specified forging conditions such as the temperature, the amount of reduction, and the reduction speed of the wasteland 2. It should be.
「ポンチの圧下面（接触部）外周に小さな段差（溝）を設けることで、バリの噛み込みを抑止する」という思想のもとに設計・製作された熱間鍛造金型こそが本発明であるので、本発明の思想及び主旨は、上述の数値に限定されることなく広く解釈されるべきである。
なお、今回開示された実施形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。特に、今回開示された実施形態において、明示的に開示されていない事項、例えば、運転条件や操業条件、各種パラメータ、構成物の寸法、重量、体積などは、当業者が通常実施する範囲を逸脱するものではなく、通常の当業者であれば、容易に想定することが可能な値を採用している。
A hot forging die designed and manufactured based on the idea of "preventing biting of burrs by providing a small step (groove) on the outer periphery of the punched surface (contact part) of the punch" is the present invention. Therefore, the idea and gist of the present invention should be broadly interpreted without being limited to the above-mentioned numerical values.
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. In particular, in the embodiment disclosed this time, matters that are not explicitly disclosed, for example, operating conditions and operating conditions, various parameters, dimensions, weights, volumes, and the like of a component deviate from a range that a person skilled in the art normally performs. Instead, values that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art are employed.
上述の実施形態では、下金型４に形成される金型成形面が、略円形状の断面形状を有する孔部８、接続孔部９ａ及び貫通孔９が一体となったものとして説明し、上金型５のポンチ部１１の形状を、略円柱形状の孔部８の断面に対応する形状及び大きさの断面形状を有する略円柱形状として説明した。しかし、下金型４の孔部８及び上金型５のポンチ部１１は、必ずしも円柱形状でなくてもよい。ポンチ部１１の断面が孔部８の断面に対応する形状及び大きさを有する柱形状であれば、下金型４の孔部８及び上金型５のポンチ部１１は所望する鍛造品Ｗの形状に合わせて様々な形状を採用することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the mold forming surface formed in the lower mold 4 is described as one in which the hole portion 8 having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape, the connection hole portion 9a, and the through hole 9 are integrated. The shape of the punch portion 11 of the upper mold 5 has been described as a substantially cylindrical shape having a cross-sectional shape having a shape and a size corresponding to the cross section of the substantially cylindrical hole portion 8. However, the hole 8 of the lower mold 4 and the punch 11 of the upper mold 5 do not necessarily have a cylindrical shape. If the cross section of the punch portion 11 has a column shape having a shape and size corresponding to the cross section of the hole portion 8, the hole portion 8 of the lower die 4 and the punch portion 11 of the upper die 5 are formed of the desired forged product W. Various shapes can be adopted according to the shape.
このとき、ポンチ部１１が如何なる形状及び大きさを採用しようとも、接触部１３の側壁が、ポンチ部１１の側壁から「ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８との間の隙間よりも大きく、ポンチ部１１の寸法の５％以下」の範囲で後退し、ポンチ部１１の側面と孔部８との間の隙間よりも大きい高さを有していれば、上述の実施形態で説明したポケット部１４が形成されるので、接触部１３は円形以外の断面形状を有する任意の形状となってもかまわない。 At this time, regardless of the shape and size of the punch portion 11, the side wall of the contact portion 13 is larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8 from the side wall of the punch portion 11. The pocket portion described in the above embodiment is retracted within a range of “5% or less of the dimension of the portion 11” and has a height larger than the gap between the side surface of the punch portion 11 and the hole portion 8. 14 is formed, the contact portion 13 may have any shape having a cross-sectional shape other than a circular shape.
１ 熱間鍛造金型
２ 被加工材（荒地）
４ 下金型
５ 上金型
６ 型上部
７ 型下部
８ 孔部
９ 貫通孔
９ａ 接続孔部
１１ ポンチ部
１２ 頭部
１３ 接触部
１４ ポケット部
Ｄ１ 後退距離
Ｄ２ 側面高さ
ＳＤ１ 断面幅
ＳＤ２ 断面高さ
Ｗ 鍛造品
1 Hot forging die 2 Work material (waste ground)
4 Lower mold 5 Upper mold 6 Mold upper part 7 Mold lower part 8 Hole part 9 Through hole 9a Connection hole part 11 Punch part 12 Head part 13 Contact part 14 Pocket part D1 Retraction distance D2 Side surface height SD1 Section width SD2 Section height W forged products
Claims (3)
前記上金型は、柱状のポンチ部と、前記ポンチ部の端部に形成されて前記被加工材に押し付けられる柱状の接触部とを備え、
前記接触部は、前記柱状のポンチ部の側面よりも前記ポンチ部の内部側に後退した側面を有すると共に、前記下金型に押し付けられたときに前記下金型及び前記ポンチ部と共に前記接触部を取り囲む空間であるポケット部を形成することを特徴とする熱間鍛造金型。 A hot mold consisting of a lower mold and an upper mold pressed against the lower mold, and upsetting and forging the workpiece charged in the lower mold by pressing the upper mold against the lower mold A forging die,
The upper mold includes a column-shaped punch portion, and a column-shaped contact portion that is formed at an end of the punch portion and pressed against the workpiece.
The contact portion has a side surface that is recessed toward the inner side of the punch portion than the side surface of the columnar punch portion, and the contact portion together with the lower die and the punch portion when pressed against the lower die. A hot forging die characterized by forming a pocket portion, which is a space surrounding the metal.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111940654A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-17 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Method for improving and stabilizing flaw detection level of TC6 titanium alloy cake blank |
| CN112589028A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-02 | 贵州航天新力科技有限公司 | Eccentric forging forming die structure |
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| JPH0726043U (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-05-16 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Crankshaft forging die |
| JPH07241644A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Extrusion machine |
| JP2000343171A (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-12 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Forward extrusion forging method |
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| JPS61266141A (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-11-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Forward extrusion forging method |
| JPH0726043U (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-05-16 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Crankshaft forging die |
| JPH07241644A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Extrusion machine |
| JP2000343171A (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-12 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Forward extrusion forging method |
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| CN111940654A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-17 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Method for improving and stabilizing flaw detection level of TC6 titanium alloy cake blank |
| CN112589028A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-02 | 贵州航天新力科技有限公司 | Eccentric forging forming die structure |
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