JP2014211008A - Retaining wall and method for constructing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To construct a retaining wall having higher earthquake resistance than that of a retaining wall singly using retaining wall blocks by using both of retaining wall blocks and solid geocells and organically combining them and crushed stones with each other.SOLUTION: Retaining wall blocks 1 each having a faceplate 2, a counterfort plate 3 standing lower than the faceplate, and a tie plate; solid geocells 10 each having a plurality of cell dead spaces 13; and single-grain-sized crushed stones 17 are used in a retaining wall. The retaining wall block is installed at the front position of the slope face 20. The solid geocell is disposed above the upper end level of the counterfort plate and below the upper end level of the faceplate so as to overlap a block dead space 6 and a rear dead space 24. Only the single-grain-sized crushed stones 17 are backfilled in an entire region of the faceplate and the slope face, thereby constructing one stage. A next stage is similarly constructed on the stage. Third and subsequent stages are constructed by repeating the above-described method.

Description

  The present invention relates to a retaining wall for preventing the collapse of earth and sand on various slopes such as a road periphery, a park, a playground, a residential land, a cliff, and a dike, and more specifically, it is constructed by stacking blocks while sequentially retreating along a slope. Regarding retaining walls.

  The present applicant conducts research and development of a retaining wall block and a retaining wall using the same (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Fill the empty space in the box-type retaining wall block with filling materials such as crushed stones and chestnuts, and backfill materials such as earth and sand, crushed stones and chestnuts between the retaining wall block and the slope. Thousands of retaining walls have been constructed in various parts of the country.

  This retaining wall prevents the retaining wall block from moving by relatively meshing the lower filling material with the upper filling material and transmitting shearing force to each other, and the retaining wall blocks are not joined together. The load is distributed, and it is stable against slight deformation and subsidence, and has high earthquake resistance.

  A solid geocell is known as a kind of geotextile used not only for slope protection but also for a retaining wall (Patent Documents 3, 4, and 5). It is possible to construct a retaining wall by filling a cell space of a three-dimensional geocell with concrete, earth and sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc. to form one step, and stacking this step in multiple steps and from top to bottom. it can.

  This three-dimensional geocell has the advantages that it is lightweight, easy to transport and flexible, so that it can be constructed according to the shape of the site and is inexpensive. However, since the retaining wall using the solid geocell cannot obtain the strength as the retaining wall using the block, it is difficult to build it high, and the height is often within 2 to 3 m.

  The applicant has also proposed two types of retaining walls constructed by using a retaining wall block and a solid geocell in combination (Patent Document 6).

  The first type is a retaining wall in which a three-dimensional geocell is laid between a retaining wall block and a slope to form one step, and this is a plurality of steps (FIG. 2 of Patent Document 6). Since the solid geocell is filled with earth and sand, chestnuts, etc., the entire retaining wall can be constructed at low cost.

  The second type is a retaining wall composed of a lower retaining wall using a plurality of stages of retaining wall blocks and an upper retaining wall using a plurality of stages of solid geocells (FIG. 3 of Patent Document 6). Since this solid geocell is filled with earth and sand, chestnut stone, etc. in the field, and the upper retaining wall is composed of an inexpensive solid geocell, the entire retaining wall can be constructed at low cost.

  However, the strength and seismic resistance of these retaining walls were not much different from those of retaining walls using retaining wall blocks alone. The first type of retaining wall is because the crushed stones, chestnuts and the like filled in the retaining wall blocks and the earth and sand, chestnuts and the like filled in the solid geocell are separated by a retaining plate and do not act. In addition, the second type of retaining wall is not considered to mesh with crushed stones, chestnuts, etc. filled in the retaining wall block, and the earth and sand, chestnuts, etc. filled in the solid geocell, but it happens to be partly engaged This is because the top crushed stones and chestnuts of the lower retaining wall only meshed with some of the chestnuts and stones in the bottom retaining wall of the upper retaining wall.

Utility Model No. 2510846 Japanese Patent No. 2858079 JP-A-2-229303 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-67545 JP 2005-9146 A JP 2010-275815 A

  Japan has the largest seismic intensity class (seismic intensity), such as the Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake that occurred on January 17, 1995 (the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) and the Tohoku Region Pacific Ocean Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 (the Great East Japan Earthquake). 7) The earthquake is expected to occur periodically in the future, and large-scale earthquakes such as Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai earthquakes are expected. Therefore, a retaining wall with higher earthquake resistance is required.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to use a retaining wall block and a solid geocell in combination, and organically combine these with crushed stone or crushed stone, thereby providing higher earthquake resistance than a retaining wall using a retaining wall block alone. Is to build a retaining wall with

The present inventor has reached the present invention by thinking as follows.
In the retaining wall that uses the retaining wall block alone, filling the vacant space of the retaining wall block and the crushed stone above and below it prevents the block movement by meshing with each other, so its significance is well understood Has been.

  However, the significance of filling crushed stone near the slope far from the retaining wall block is unlikely to lead to prevention of block movement, and its significance is not understood. Also, crushed stone is expensive. Therefore, crushed stone is put in the vicinity of the rear of the retaining wall block (from the rear face of the holding plate to the rear, for example, about 150 mm), but it is standard that the earth and sand etc. are filled further behind it. .

  However, when the retaining wall block and the three-dimensional geocel are used in combination, and the solid geocel is filled with crushed stone, the crushed stone filled in the three-dimensional geocel is replaced with the crushed stone filled in the retaining wall block and the retaining wall block. Each can be meshed with the crushed stone filled in the rear. Therefore, if the three-dimensional geocell is extended toward the slope, when the crushed stone is filled far away from the retaining wall block, the crushed stone meshes with the crushed stone of the three-dimensional geocell, so the significance of preventing block movement is understood. Is done.

(1) Therefore, the retaining wall of the present invention is
Including a standing surface plate, a holding plate standing lower than the surface plate at a position spaced rearward from the surface plate, and a connecting plate connecting the left-right direction intermediate portion of the surface plate and the left-right direction intermediate portion of the holding plate, A retaining wall block having a block space penetrating in a vertical direction between the surface plate and the holding plate;
A solid geocell having a plurality of cell cavities penetrating vertically;
Crushed stone or cracked stone is used,
Retaining wall blocks are installed side by side at the front position of the slope, and a rear space is formed between the holding plate and the slope,
The three-dimensional geocell is arranged in an upper and lower range above the upper end level of the holding plate and below the upper end level of the surface plate so that the front part overlaps the block void and the rear part overlaps the rear void.
Only crushed stones or cracked stones are filled from the lower surface level of the surface plate to the upper surface level of the surface plate in the entire area between the surface plate and the slope, including the block space, the rear space, and the cell space. To form a single stage,
The next stage is configured in the same manner as the above-described stage except that the retaining wall block is installed in a stepped manner with respect to the retaining wall block on the stage, and this step is repeated. It is constructed in three or more stages.

(2) The retaining wall construction method of the present invention includes:
Including a standing surface plate, a holding plate standing lower than the surface plate at a position spaced rearward from the surface plate, and a connecting plate connecting the left-right direction intermediate portion of the surface plate and the left-right direction intermediate portion of the holding plate, A retaining wall block having a block space penetrating in a vertical direction between the surface plate and the holding plate;
A solid geocell having a plurality of cell cavities penetrating vertically;
Using crushed stone or cracked stone,
The retaining wall blocks are installed side by side at the front position of the slope, and a rear space is formed between the holding plate and the slope,
Fill only the crushed stone or cracked stone between the surface plate including the block space and the back space and the slope from the lower end level of the surface plate to the upper end level of the retaining plate and less than the upper end level of the surface plate,
The three-dimensional geocell is arranged in a vertical range above the upper end level of the holding plate and below the upper end level of the surface plate so that its front part overlaps above the block space and its rear part overlaps above the rear space,
By filling only the crushed stone or cracked stone between the surface plate including the cell void and the slope, up to the upper end level of the surface plate, constitute one step,
The next stage is configured in the same manner as the above-described stage except that the retaining wall block is installed in a stepped manner with respect to the retaining wall block on the stage. It is characterized by being constructed in more than stages.

According to these means, in addition to the action of preventing the movement of the block when the retaining wall block is used alone (relatively the lower crushed stone or crushed stone and the upper crushed stone or crushed stone engage each other), the following action Is played.
At each stage, the crushed stone or cracked stone filled and restrained in the cell space meshes with the crushed stone or cracked stone filled in the block space and the crushed stone or cracked stone filled in the rear space, respectively. The resistance to pulling out of the three-dimensional geocell is extremely high.
From another point of view, in each stage, the crushed stones or cracked stones filled and restrained in the cell voids mesh with the crushed stones or cracked stones filled in the block voids on the one hand and the back space on the other. The three-dimensional geocell strongly prevents the movement of the retaining wall blocks at the same stage and the upper stage because it meshes with the crushed stone or cracked stone made up and down. Even if the cell space and the block space are slightly apart from each other and there are crushed stones or cracked stones between them, the crushed stones or cracked stones of the cell space and the crushed stones of the block space or Engage with cracked stones.

  Therefore, the longer the rear part of the three-dimensional geocell extends toward the slope, the more the meshed amount of crushed stone or cracked stone increases, and the resistance to pulling becomes higher, and the rear part is most preferably extended to the slope. Here, since the length of the solid geocell is changed by cutting in units of cells, the fact that the rear part of the solid geocell “extends to the slope” is not limited to the mode in which it extends just to reach the slope. The aspect extended from the slope to the front of about 1 to 2 cells is also included.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the blocks for retaining walls are non-bundled (not tightly coupled with metal fittings or concrete). Since the retaining wall block is allowed to move slightly due to being non-bundled, the load is dispersed, and stability is maintained even with some deformation and subsidence, and high earthquake resistance is provided.

  The retaining wall block and the three-dimensional geocell are preferably non-bundled (not tightly coupled with a metal fitting or the like). By being non-bundled, the solid geocell can be prevented from being damaged when the retaining wall block is slightly moved.

  According to the retaining wall of the present invention, the retaining wall block and the three-dimensional geocel are used in combination, and these are combined with crushed stone or cracked stone organically, thereby providing a higher earthquake resistance than the retaining wall using the retaining wall block alone. It is possible to build a retaining wall with the characteristics.

It is sectional drawing (abbreviate | omitting and showing the single-grain crushed stone of the middle step) of the retaining wall which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. (A) of one step of the retaining wall is a plan view (omitted from a part of the single-grain crushed stone), and (b) is a sectional view. It is a top view of the example of use which changed the right-and-left width of a solid geocell. It is a top view of the usage example which changed the sheet | seat direction of the solid geocell. (A) of the block for retaining walls used for the retaining wall is the perspective view seen from the front side, (b) is the perspective view seen from the back side. (A) of the solid geocell used for the retaining wall is a perspective view of the usage example of FIG. 2 (a), and (b) is a perspective view of the usage example of FIG. It is a perspective view of the usage example of FIG. 4 of the three-dimensional geocell. It is sectional drawing (abbreviate | omitting and showing the single-grain crushed stone of the middle step) of the retaining wall which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing (abbreviate | omitting and showing the single-grain crushed stone of the middle step) of the retaining wall which concerns on Example 3 of this invention.

Including a standing surface plate, a holding plate standing lower than the surface plate at a position spaced rearward from the surface plate, and a connecting plate connecting the left-right direction intermediate portion of the surface plate and the left-right direction intermediate portion of the holding plate, A retaining wall block having a block space penetrating in a vertical direction between the surface plate and the holding plate;
A solid geocell having a plurality of cell cavities penetrating vertically;
Crushed stone or cracked stone is used,
Retaining wall blocks are installed side by side at the front position of the slope, and a rear space is formed between the holding plate and the slope,
The three-dimensional geocell is arranged in an upper and lower range above the upper end level of the holding plate and below the upper end level of the surface plate so that the front part overlaps the block void and the rear part overlaps the rear void.
Only crushed stones or cracked stones are filled from the lower surface level of the surface plate to the upper surface level of the surface plate in the entire area between the surface plate and the slope, including the block space, the rear space, and the cell space. To form a single stage,
The next stage is configured in the same manner as the above-described stage except that the retaining wall block is installed in a stepped manner with respect to the retaining wall block on the stage, and this step is repeated. Retaining wall constructed in three or more stages.
The aspect of each component is illustrated below.

(1) Retaining wall block The retaining wall block is preferably a box-shaped retaining wall block including a pair of connecting plates spaced on the left and right. In this box-type retaining wall block, the block space between the surface plate and the retaining plate is a central space of a rectangular plane surrounded by the surface plate, the retaining plate and a pair of connecting plates, and each connecting plate It consists of a lateral U-shaped side recess. Since the crushed stone or cracked stone filled in the central space is restrained by being surrounded by four sides of the plate, the crushed stone or cracked stone engages with the upper and lower crushed stones or cracked stone. The movement of the wall block is strongly prevented.

  The retaining wall blocks arranged side by side may be bound or unbound, but as described above, non-binding is preferable. Similarly, the lower retaining wall block and the upper retaining wall block are preferably unbound.

(2) Three-dimensional geocell A three-dimensional geocell is made up of a plurality of strip-shaped sheets made of resin such as polyolefin (high-density polyethylene, etc.), and is joined in a zigzag manner at each adjacent sheet by high-frequency welding or the like. When developed, it becomes a three-dimensional (having a height of a band) planar view lattice structure (for example, a honeycomb lattice structure). An example of a commercial product of a three-dimensional geocell is “Terracel (registered trademark)” of Nippon Lantec Co., Ltd.

  In general, since the width of the retaining wall is often much larger than the left and right width of the solid geocell, a plurality of solid geocells are used in the horizontal direction. In this case, the three-dimensional geocell and the three-dimensional geocell may be arranged in contact with each other, or may be arranged with a gap therebetween. The arranged solid geocells may be connected or not connected, but the latter is preferable because it has a flexible structure and does not require much labor.

Although it does not specifically limit as a magnitude | size (planar view area of a cell space) of 1 cell which the three-dimensional geocell expand | deployed, The range of 25000-150000mm < ² > can be illustrated. Although it does not specifically limit as a height of a solid geocell (the height of a cell space is the same), The range of 50-300 mm can be illustrated.

  The right and left width of the three-dimensional geocell may be smaller, the same or larger than the left and right width of the retaining wall block, but is preferably smaller or the same from the viewpoint of ease of handling. In terms of numbers, those in which 2 to 5 cells are arranged side by side are preferred. The longitudinal length of the three-dimensional geocell can be appropriately determined according to the distance between the retaining wall block and the slope.

(3) Crushed stone or cracked stone The crushed stone is preferably a single-grain crushed stone from the viewpoint of the uniformity of meshing between the crushed stones, and S-30 (4), S-40 (3) or S-60 (2) Single grain crushed stone is particularly preferred. The split stone is preferably a split stone having a particle size of 50 to 150 mm. It should be noted that a case where components other than crushed stones or cracked stones are mixed in only a trace amount that does not affect the engagement of the crushed stones or cracked stones are also included in “only crushed stones or cracked stones”.

  1 to 4 show a retaining wall of a first embodiment embodying the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a retaining wall block used for the retaining wall, and FIGS. 6 and 7 each show a three-dimensional geocell.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the retaining wall block 1 is inclined so that the surface plate 2 stands vertically and is vertically lower than the surface plate 2 at a position spaced rearward from the surface plate 2 (or the upper side is inclined backward). The standing holding plate 3 and a pair of connecting plates 4 and 4 connecting the left and right intermediate portions of the surface plate 2 and the left and right intermediate portions of the holding plate 3 are integrally precast with concrete. Is. In addition, the dimension of each part mentioned below in a present Example is an illustration, and can be changed suitably.

  The surface plate 2 is a rectangular plate having a lateral width of about 2000 mm, a height of about 1000 mm, and a thickness of about 120 mm. The surface is provided with patterns such as a stone wall pattern and a groove pattern, and upper and lower portions of the left and right side end faces. A shallow recess 5 for forming a drain slit is formed. The holding plate 3 is a rectangular plate having a width of about 1860 mm, a vertical height of about 500 mm, and a thickness of about 120 mm. The distance between the front surface of the holding plate 3 and the rear surface of the surface plate 2 is about 1010 mm. Each of the pair of connecting plates 4 and 4 has a front and rear length of about 1010 mm, a height of the rear half portion of about 500 mm, and a front half portion (reinforcing portions 4 a and 4 a) connected to the surface plate 2 is about a height. It is a plate having a thickness of 900 mm and a thickness of about 100 mm.

  Since the lower end surfaces of the holding plate 3 and the connecting plates 4 and 4 are adjusted to the same level as the lower end surface of the surface plate 2, the upper end surfaces of the latter half of the holding plate 3 and the connecting plates 4 and 4 are surface plates. 2 is at a height level of about ½ with respect to the upper end surface. Further, the connecting plates 4 and 4 are opposed to each other in parallel at an interval of about 1000 mm on the left and right, and the center position, the center position in the left and right direction of the surface plate 2 and the center position in the left and right direction of the holding plate 3 are It is adapted to. Therefore, with respect to the outer surface of each connecting plate 4, 4, the surface plate 2 protrudes by about 400 mm to the closer side end surface (protruding portion 2 a), and the holding plate 3 protrudes by about 330 mm to the closer side end surface. (Protruding part 3a).

  The block space 6 between the surface plate 2 and the holding plate 3 is a central space of a plane quadrangle (substantially square in this example) surrounded by the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3, and the pair of connecting plates 4, 4. 7 and a lateral U-shaped recess 8 surrounded by the protruding portion 2a of the surface plate 2, the protruding portion 3a of the retaining plate 3, and the connecting plates 4 and 4 on the outer side of the connecting plates 4 and 4. Consists of. The retaining wall block 1 weighs about 1300 kg.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the three-dimensional geocell 10 has a plurality of cell voids penetrating in the vertical direction. In this example, the trade name “Terracel (registered trademark) T-200LP” of Nippon Lantec Co., Ltd. was used as the three-dimensional geocell 10. This T-200LP is made of high-density polyethylene kneaded with 2-3% by weight of carbon particles, 60 sheets 11 each having a width (height) of 200 mm, a length of 3350 mm, and a thickness of 1.25 mm stacked. The sheets 11 to be formed are formed by heat fusion with each other by heat fusion wires 12 provided at intervals of about 66 cm. A plurality of cell cavities 13 penetrating in the vertical direction when stretched are arranged so as to be arranged in a honeycomb in plan view by alternately shifting the heat-sealing wires 12 in a staggered manner for each adjacent sheet 11 It is. The size of one cell when deployed depends on the tension at the time of deployment, but the width L1 = 512 mm and L2 = 475 mm as standard, and the planar view area of the cell cavity 13 of one cell is about 120,000 mm ² . The sheet 11 is provided with a large number of circular through-holes 14 having a diameter of 8 mm except for the vicinity of the heat-sealing wire 12.

  In the present Example, although said T-200LP was used in the following aspect (1), it can also be used, for example in the following (2) or (3) aspect.

(1) As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 6 (a), the sheet is cut into a left-right width (1536 mm as a standard) in which three cells are arranged in the sheet length direction L, and the sheet stacking direction M is directed toward the slope. A mode to extend.
(2) A mode in which, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6B, the sheet is cut into a left-right width (1024 mm as a standard) in which two cells are arranged in the sheet length direction L, and the sheet stacking direction M is extended toward the slope.
(3) A mode in which, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, the sheet is cut into a left-right width (standard 1371 mm) in which three cells are arranged in the sheet overlapping direction M, and the sheet length direction L is extended toward the slope.

  Now, the retaining wall of a present Example is constructed as follows. First, a foundation portion 23 is formed on the site ground 22 immediately in front of the slope 20 constituted by the back soil 21. The base portion 23 is not particularly limited. For example, a single-grained crushed stone or a crushed stone, a single-grained crushed stone or a crushed stone surrounded by a geotextile, a three-dimensional geocell laid in the cell space. The thing etc. which piled up what filled a single-grain crushed stone or cracked stone, etc. can be illustrated.

  A plurality of retaining wall blocks 1 constituting the lowermost stage (first stage) are installed side by side on the foundation 23, and a rear space 24 is provided between the retaining plate 3 and the slope 20. Is formed. A slit is formed between the shallow concave portions 5 of the adjacent retaining wall blocks 1 so that excessive water stored in the retaining wall can be drawn to the front side.

  The three-dimensional geocell 10 has a front portion overlying the block void 6 and a rear portion overlying the rear void 24 and extending to the slope 20 and is at or above the upper end level of the retaining plate 3 and the upper end of the surface plate 2. It is arranged at the lower limit of the upper and lower range below the level. That is, the solid geocell 10 is placed on the upper end of the retaining plate 3, and the upper end of the solid geocell 10 does not reach the upper end level of the surface plate 2. The solid geocell 10 and the retaining wall block 1 are not bound. Further, one solid geocell 10 is arranged for one retaining wall block 1, and the front portion thereof is arranged so as to overlap the block space 6, particularly above the central space 7. Accordingly, in plan view, there is some space between the three-dimensional geocell 10 and the three-dimensional geocell 10, and the three-dimensional geocells 10 are not bound.

  Only the single-grain crushed stone 17 (or cracked stone) is applied from the lower end level of the surface plate 2 to the entire area between the surface plate 2 and the slope 20 including the block space 6, the rear space 24, and the cell space 13. The top plate 2 is filled up to the upper end level, and the first stage of the retaining wall is configured as described above. In this example, S-40 single-grain crushed stone was used.

This first stage can be formed by the following methods (1) to (4).

(1) The retaining wall blocks 1 are installed side by side at the front position of the slope 20 so as to form a rear space 24 between the holding plate 3 and the slope 20.
(2) Next, the single-grain crushed stone 17 is placed between the surface plate 2 including the block space 6 and the back space 24 and the slope 20 from the lower end level of the surface plate 2 to the upper end level of the retaining plate 3. Fill.
(3) Next, the three-dimensional geocell 10 is placed on the upper end of the retaining plate 3 so that the front portion thereof overlaps the block space 6 and the rear portion thereof overlaps the rear space 24.
(4) Next, the single-grain crushed stone 17 is filled up to the upper end level of the surface plate 2 between the surface plate 2 including the cell void 13 and the slope 20.

  The single-grain crushed stone 17 in the cell cavity 13 and the single-grain crushed stone 17 in the block cavity 6 are directly meshed with each other. In addition, the cell space 13 and the second block space described below are slightly apart from each other (300 mm in this example), and there is a single-grain crushed stone 17 between them. The single-grain crushed stone 17 in the void 13 and the single-grain crushed stone in the second-stage block void exhibit a meshing action.

  Next, on the single-stage crushed stone 17 of the first stage, except that the next-stage retaining wall block 1 is installed step by step with respect to the retaining wall block of the next stage and arranged side by side. Similar to the first stage configuration, the second stage of the retaining wall is configured. That is, the solid geocell 10 is similarly arranged, and the single-grain crushed stone 17 is similarly filled to the upper end level of the surface plate 2.

  In this embodiment, the third and subsequent stages are sequentially constructed and stacked on the second stage in the same manner as the second stage, and are composed of a plurality of stages (for example, 4 to 30 stages, 13 stages in the illustrated example). Retaining walls have been built. The slope of the retaining wall by the retaining wall block 1 in the illustrated example is 3 minutes, while the slope of the slope 20 is 5.74 minutes. Therefore, the rear space 24 becomes longer at the upper stage, and the three-dimensional geocell 10 becomes longer at the upper stage because it extends to the slope 20. In addition, the retaining wall block 1 is installed with the upper stage retracted by about 300 mm relative to the lower stage.

  According to the retaining wall of the present embodiment configured as described above, the following effects (1) to (8) are obtained.

(1) Not only filling the block void 6 of the retaining wall block 1 with the single-grain crushed stone 17 but also filling the rear void 24 with the single-grain crushed stone 17 and further, every step (every 1 m in height) In order to lay the solid geocell 10 that extends above the block void 6 and extends to the slope 20, fill the cell void 13 with the single-grained crushed stone 17, and thus fill the entire retaining wall with the single-sized crushed stone 17; The retaining wall block 1, the three-dimensional geocel 10, and the single-grain crushed stone 17 are all integrated into a retaining wall.

(2) The single-grain crushed stones 17 are densely filled in the upper and lower portions of the three-dimensional geocell 10 and the left and right sides, and the shear resistance lines of the crushed stone cross each other vertically and horizontally around the three-dimensional geocell 10 so that the crushed stones mesh with each other A layer is formed, and the whole is united and resists stress.

(3) The retaining wall block 1 is strongly restrained by the meshing and friction of the single-grain crushed stone 17 filled in the block space 6 and maintains the shape as a retaining wall. The engagement of crushed stones has the effect of mitigating earthquake acceleration and weakening earthquake energy by moving or moving to a large earthquake acceleration. At this time, the force of the spring that tries to return to the original position where the crushed stones engage with each other also acts simultaneously, and the structure whose surface is surrounded by the retaining wall block 1 is less likely to be greatly deformed.

(4) By combining the retaining wall block 1 and the three-dimensional geocell 10, it is possible to exhibit large characteristics in terms of drainage with less land as a condition indispensable for the construction of retaining walls in mountainous areas. Especially in mountainous areas, the entire mountainside is covered with flooding due to heavy rain due to abnormal weather, and sometimes severe flooding is a major cause of disasters such as the loss of lives and houses, and the destruction of structures. A general retaining wall does not have a function to deal with intense flooding that flows on the mountainside, so the retaining wall collapse is overwhelmingly due to rainwater. The retaining wall structure of the present invention has the flexible earthquake resistance and drainage performance of the retaining wall block 1 and the outstanding drainage performance of the three-dimensional geocell 10, and also the earthquake resistance by meshing of the crushed stones of the entire multilayered structure centering on the layer. The structure has the function to cope with many rain disasters and earthquake disasters.

(5) The tensile strength in the crushed stone of the three-dimensional geocell 10 is a polyolefin that has a high friction strength and a chemically stable material with respect to the shear pull-out resistance of all geotextiles. The multi-layered solid geocell 10 has a plate-like strength as a whole, and when subjected to destructive earthquake acceleration, crushed stones of the same mass above and below the three-dimensional geocell 10 are engaged with each other and sometimes relaxed against stress. resist. While the impact spreads from the foundation part and the back soil part subjected to the impact of the energy, the impact energy is a mitigation zone in the crushed stone part that is not restrained by the solid geocell 10 filled between the solid geocell 10 and the same layer. And digests stress and energy.

(6) The retaining wall block 1 has a free structure in which the blocks are not connected to each other by metal fittings in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, the retaining wall block 1 and the three-dimensional geocell 10 are not connected by a metal fitting or the like, and the three-dimensional geocell 10 is placed on the retaining wall block 1 to connect the crushed stones of the retaining wall block 1 and the three-dimensional geocell 10 to each other. Format. When subjected to destructive earthquake acceleration, the retaining wall block 1, the three-dimensional geocell 10, and the single-grain crushed stone 17 have different ways of shaking due to differences in mass, and the retaining wall block 1 having a large unit weight can move greatly. Guessed. Therefore, while the crushed stone (filling material) in the block space 6 of the retaining wall block 1 and the crushed stone (backfill material) in the rear space 24 resist or relax, while exerting the meshing effect of the crushed stone, The entire structure is configured while suppressing deformation of the retaining wall block 1. The meshing effect of the crushed stone is supple, sometimes exerting the strength of a rigid body within the meshing retaining walls, and the trembling of the seismic energy, sometimes mitigating large stress due to movement, and even digestion. A non-bundled structure that does not connect all the combinations with metal fittings, etc., can achieve the same effect as earthquake acceleration (energy can be digested by tremors and small movements) even for energetic flooding and other energies.

(7) The retaining wall block 1 constrains the single-grain crushed stone 17 in the box-shaped block space 6 and the constrained crushed stone exhibits a flexible shear resistance (interlocking effect) to form a retaining wall. ing. By holding the solid geocell 10 in the retaining wall constrained by the retaining wall block 1 and extending the solid geocell 10 to the back side, pulling shear resistance due to frictional resistance is generated on the top, bottom, left and right of the solid geocell 10. Therefore, the solid geocell 10 and the retaining wall block forming the retaining wall block 1 that are stacked are non-bundling structural structures that strongly resist each other as a single unit against stress.

(8) Each of the retaining wall block 1, the single-grain crushed stone 17 and the solid geocell 10 is an anti-earth pressure structure that is formed as a flexible structure while not being bound to each other by metal fittings or concrete.

  The retaining wall of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is different from the first embodiment only in the following points (a) and (b), and the rest is common to the first embodiment. Also according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

(A) The three-dimensional geocell 10 is arranged at an intermediate height in the upper and lower ranges above the upper end level of the retaining plate 3 and below the upper end level of the surface plate 2. Therefore, the cell vacant space and the upper block vacant space are slightly separated from each other in the vertical direction (150 mm in this example), and there is a single-grain crushed stone 17 between them. The single-grain crushed stone in the cell cavity and the single-grain crushed stone in the block cavity exert an engaging action.

(B) The slope of the retaining wall by the retaining wall block 1 in the illustrated example is 3 minutes, and the slope of the slope 20 is 3.82 minutes.

  The retaining wall of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is different from the first embodiment only in the following points (a) and (b), and the rest is common to the first embodiment. Also according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

(A) The three-dimensional geocell 10 is disposed at the upper limit height in the upper and lower ranges above the upper end level of the retaining plate 3 and below the upper end level of the surface plate 2. Therefore, the single-grain crushed stone 17 in the cell space and the single-grain crushed stone 17 in the upper block space directly mesh with each other. In addition, the cell space and the block space of the same level are slightly apart from each other (300 mm in this example), and there is a single-grain crushed stone 17 between them. The crushed stone and the single-grained crushed stone in the block space exert a meshing action.

(B) The slope of the retaining wall by the retaining wall block 1 in the illustrated example is 2 minutes, and the slope of the slope 20 is 3.82 minutes.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, it can change suitably and can be embodied.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Retaining wall block 2 Surface plate 3 Grading plate 4 Connecting plate 6 Block space 7 Central space 8 Side recess 10 Solid geocell 13 Cell space 17 Single grain crushed stone 20 Slope 24 Back space

Claims (6)

Including a standing surface plate, a holding plate standing lower than the surface plate at a position spaced rearward from the surface plate, and a connecting plate connecting the left-right direction intermediate portion of the surface plate and the left-right direction intermediate portion of the holding plate, A retaining wall block having a block space penetrating in a vertical direction between the surface plate and the holding plate;
A solid geocell having a plurality of cell cavities penetrating vertically;
Crushed stone or cracked stone is used,
Retaining wall blocks are installed side by side at the front position of the slope, and a rear space is formed between the holding plate and the slope,
The three-dimensional geocell is arranged in an upper and lower range above the upper end level of the holding plate and below the upper end level of the surface plate so that the front part overlaps the block void and the rear part overlaps the rear void.
Only crushed stones or cracked stones are filled from the lower surface level of the surface plate to the upper surface level of the surface plate in the entire area between the surface plate and the slope, including the block space, the rear space, and the cell space. To form a single stage,
The next stage is configured in the same manner as the above-described stage except that the retaining wall block is installed in a stepped manner with respect to the retaining wall block on the stage, and this step is repeated. Retaining wall constructed in three or more stages.   The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein a rear portion of the three-dimensional geocell extends to a slope.   The retaining wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the retaining wall blocks are non-bundled.   The retaining wall according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the retaining wall block and the three-dimensional geocell are not bound.   The retaining wall according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the crushed stone is a single-grain crushed stone. Including a standing surface plate, a holding plate standing lower than the surface plate at a position spaced rearward from the surface plate, and a connecting plate connecting the left-right direction intermediate portion of the surface plate and the left-right direction intermediate portion of the holding plate, A retaining wall block having a block space penetrating in a vertical direction between the surface plate and the holding plate;
A solid geocell having a plurality of cell cavities penetrating vertically;
Using crushed stone or cracked stone,
The retaining wall blocks are installed side by side at the front position of the slope, and a rear space is formed between the holding plate and the slope,
Fill only the crushed stone or cracked stone between the surface plate including the block space and the back space and the slope from the lower end level of the surface plate to the upper end level of the retaining plate and less than the upper end level of the surface plate,
The three-dimensional geocell is arranged in a vertical range above the upper end level of the holding plate and below the upper end level of the surface plate so that its front part overlaps above the block space and its rear part overlaps above the rear space,
By filling only the crushed stone or cracked stone between the surface plate including the cell void and the slope, up to the upper end level of the surface plate, constitute one step,
The next stage is configured in the same manner as the above-described stage except that the retaining wall block is installed in a stepped manner with respect to the retaining wall block on the stage. Retaining wall construction method to build more than steps.

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