JP2014204905A - Head support tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a head support tool that reduces the strain on a face.SOLUTION: A head support tool 10 comprises: a base layer 12 that is made of a semi-rigid or soft foam; a surface layer 14 that is made of a soft foam more flexible than this base layer 12, is provided so as to be overlapped on the upper side of the base layer 12 and forms a surface contacting a face; and a buffer layer that is provided between the base layer 12 and the surface layer 14, is more flexible than the base layer 12 and harder than the surface layer 14, and is made of a soft foam having impact resilience lower than that of the base layer 12 and the surface layer 14. The head support tool 10 is used for supporting the face in a prone position.

Description

  The present invention relates to a head support device used for holding a face in a prone position.

  There are cases where the prone position is forced for a long time in surgery or treatment of injury. In such prone position, the head is held in a predetermined posture by supporting the face with the support tool. For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a pillow body in which a soft foamed resin molded product such as polyurethane is filled and placed in a flexible bag formed in a horseshoe shape, and a pillow body attached to the pillow body with a belt-like member, A support tool composed of a rigid support that holds the shape of the main body has been proposed.

JP 2004-89697 A

  In surgery or the like, the patient is anesthetized or the face is placed on the support device for a long time in a state where the movement of the head is restricted. For this reason, if the support tool is too hard, the support tool may strongly compress a part of the face, and the compressed part may swell or possibly cause pressure ulcers. Moreover, like a support tool of patent document 1, when a soft foamed resin molded product is deformed according to the unevenness of the face in the pillow body, wrinkles are formed in the bag body that directly contacts the face, and the wrinkles strongly press the face. This is one of the factors. On the other hand, if the support tool is too soft, it becomes difficult to hold the head in a posture suitable for surgery or the like.

  That is, the present invention has been proposed in order to suitably solve these problems inherent in the head support device according to the prior art, and the head support device can further reduce the burden on the face. The purpose is to provide.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems and achieve the intended purpose, the head support tool of the invention according to claim 1 of the present application,
In a head support device that is used to support a face in a prone position and has an opening formed in the mouth and nose,
A base layer made of a semi-rigid or soft foam;
The gist of the invention is that it comprises a soft foam that is softer than the base layer, and a surface layer that is provided so as to overlap the upper side of the base layer and constitutes a surface in contact with the face.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the burden on the face can be reduced by the soft flexible foam constituting the surface layer, and the posture of the head can be appropriately maintained by receiving the load on the base layer that is harder than the surface layer. .

In the invention according to claim 2, a buffer layer made of a soft foam that is softer than the base layer and harder than the base layer and has lower resilience than the base layer is provided between the base layer and the surface layer. Is the gist.
According to the invention of claim 2, since the low-rebound resilience buffer layer exists between the surface layer and the base layer, the load applied from the surface layer by the buffer layer is dispersed to further reduce the load on the face. be able to.

The invention according to claim 3 is configured such that the surface layer is disposed along a recess formed on an upper surface of a layer disposed below the base layer, and a recess is provided on the upper surface of the surface layer. This is the gist.
According to the invention of claim 3, the surface layer is disposed along the recess formed on the upper surface of the layer disposed below the base layer, and the recess is provided on the upper surface of the surface layer. Since the edges of the face are not angular, it is possible to avoid a local burden on the face due to the edges of the angular recesses.

The gist of the invention according to claim 4 is that the surface layer is formed to be able to support the forehead, the left and right cheekbones, and the jaw.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, the load of a face can be disperse | distributed and supported.

In the invention according to claim 5, the base layer is formed so that the opening penetrates vertically, and a communication portion that extends laterally from the opening and opens to a side surface of the base layer is formed. Is the gist.
According to the invention according to claim 5, since a tool such as a pipe attached to the mouth or nose can be pulled out to the side through the communication portion, the installation place of the head support tool is not limited. There is a high degree of freedom.

The gist of the invention according to claim 6 is that the foam forming the surface layer is a polyurethane foam having a displacement strength of 0.68 N / mm or less.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6, the tensile stress and shearing stress which act on a face can be made small, the shift | offset | difference between a face and a surface layer can be suppressed, and it becomes possible to prevent generation | occurrence | production of a pressure ulcer.

  According to the head support device according to the present invention, the burden on the face can be further reduced.

It is a schematic perspective view which shows the head support tool which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a top view which shows the head support tool of an Example. (a) is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 2, (b) is the sectional view on the BB line of FIG. (a) is the CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 2, (b) is the DD sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the head support tool of an Example.

  Next, the head support tool according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of preferred embodiments.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the head support device 10 according to the embodiment is provided with a base layer 12 made of a semi-rigid or soft foam and an upper side of the base layer 12, and is softer and softer than the base layer 12. A surface layer 14 composed of a body, and the upper surface of the surface layer 14 is in direct contact with the face. Further, the head support device 10 is a buffer made of a soft foam between the base layer 12 and the surface layer 14, which is softer than the base layer 12, harder than the surface layer 14, and lower in resilience than the base layer 12 and the surface layer 14. Layer 16 is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the head support tool 10 according to the embodiment is a block body formed in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, and is configured to be able to support a user's forehead, both cheekbones, and jaw. As described above, the head support device 10 of the embodiment includes the base layer 12 constituting the bottom of the head support device 10, the buffer layer 16 stacked on the base layer 12, and the buffer layer 16 stacked on the buffer layer 16. It is comprised by three layers with the surface layer 14 made. In the head support tool 10, the base layer 12 is formed thicker than the buffer layer 16, and the buffer layer 16 is formed thicker than the surface layer 14.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the head support device 10 is formed with an opening 18 that is recessed in accordance with the mouth and nose. In the embodiment, the opening 18 extends to a portion corresponding to both eyes. It is formed so that it does not hit both eyes as well as the mouth and nose. The opening 18 is formed so as to penetrate in the vertical direction. The opening 18 of the embodiment has a first lateral portion 18a extending in the lateral (left and right) direction according to both eyes, and from the center of the first lateral portion 18a toward the jaw side according to the nasal bridge. A vertical portion 18b that extends, and a second horizontal portion 18c that extends in the left-right direction of the face and extends to the jaw side of the vertical portion 18b in accordance with the mouth and has a narrower left-right width than the first horizontal portion 18a. Further, the head support tool 10 is formed with a communication portion 20 that extends from the opening 18 in the left-right direction of the face and opens on the side surface of the base layer 12. The communication portion 20 is formed in a concave groove shape opened on the bottom surface of the base layer 12 (see FIG. 3), and has a width dimension from the middle portion of the vertical portion 18b to the second horizontal portion 18c in the opening portion 18 from the opening portion 18. It communicates with the side surface of the base layer 12. The communication unit 20 has a ceiling surface formed in an arc shape. Moreover, the communicating part 20 is formed so that opposing walls are substantially parallel. The head support tool 10 can draw a tool such as a pipe attached to the mouth or nose facing the opening 18 to the side of the head support tool 10 through the communication part 20. A tool such as a pipe is connected to a medical device. The head support device 10 according to the embodiment includes a communication portion 20 that extends from the inner surface on the right side of the face in the base layer 12 that defines the opening 18 to the right side of the face and opens to the outer surface on the right side of the base layer 12, and the opening 18. And a communication portion 20 that extends from the inner side surface on the left side of the face in the base layer 12 that defines the face and opens to the outer side surface on the left side of the face in the base layer 12 (see FIGS. 4 (a) and 5). The tool such as the tube can be pulled out in any of the left and right directions of the face of the support tool 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the head support tool 10 has a surface recess (recess) 22 formed on the upper surface. The surface concave portion 22 is formed so as to be gradually recessed from the peripheral portion formed substantially flat on the upper surface of the head support tool 10 toward the central portion, and is configured as a curved surface as a whole including a portion connected to the peripheral portion. The Here, the surface recess 22 is formed wider than the opening 18. The surface recess 22 is formed so as to incline downward from the peripheral edge toward the opening edge of the opening 18 in accordance with the convex curved surface with the nose at the tip, and the upper surface of the head support device 10 is It is recessed to match the shape of the face.

  The head support device 10 is formed by stacking a plurality of layers 12, 14, and 16 made of foams having different physical properties, and is formed so as to be gradually softened from the lower layer to the upper layer. As the foam, it is possible to use polyurethane foam, polyolefin foam such as polyethylene, and elastic foam such as rubber sponge. Among these, polyurethane foam is most suitable from the viewpoint of ease of production and handleability. Further, the foam preferably has a restoring property (not plastically deformed) and has a continuous bubble structure in which bubbles communicate with each other. That is, the head support tool 10 undergoes compression deformation, bending deformation, or the like when a load is applied, and elastically returns to its original shape when the load is released.

  In the head support tool 10, the foam used for the surface layer 14 preferably has an air permeability measured according to a method based on ASTM D 7534: 2009 of 100 L / min or more, and more preferably 130 L / Min or more is more preferable. In order to prevent pressure ulcers, it is desirable that the foam constituting the surface layer 14 of the head support device 10 has high air permeability. In the following description, “hardness” refers to the value measured by the method defined in JIS K6400-2: 2004 D method, and “rebound resilience” refers to the value measured by the method defined in JIS K6400-3. Point to. “Density” refers to an apparent density measured according to a method based on JIS K7222. “Tensile strength” and “elongation” are values measured by the method defined in JIS K 6400-5: 2004, and “compression residual strain” refers to a value measured in JIS K6400-4: 2004.

The base layer 12 is a portion that receives the load of the head applied to the head support tool 10 and elastically holds the head, and is made of a semi-rigid or soft foam having high elasticity. The base layer 12 is set to have a hardness of 100 N or more. The base layer 12 of the example has a hardness of 100 N or more, a density of 45 kg / m ^{3 to} 55 kg / m ³ , a tensile strength of 177 kPa or more, an elongation of 70% or more, a compression residual strain of 4% or less, and a rebound resilience of 33%. A polyurethane foam set to ˜42% (for example, trade name EMO manufactured by Inoac Corporation) can be used. The foam constituting the base layer 12 may be a semi-rigid foam obtained by injecting a reaction mixture into a mold and cured by reaction, or a soft slab formed by continuous molding at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It may be a foam.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the base layer 12 of the embodiment includes a first lower part 24, a second lower part 26 arranged side by side on the jaw side of the first lower part 24, the first lower part 24 and the second lower part 24. It consists of three parts, the upper part 28 joined to the upper surface of the lower part 26 with an adhesive or the like. The first lower part 24 is a block body whose upper and lower surfaces are flat, and an opening forming notch 24a corresponding to a part of the first horizontal portion 18a and the vertical portion 18b in the opening 18 is cut out. The second lower part 26 is a block body whose upper and lower surfaces are flat, and an opening notch 26a corresponding to a part of the second horizontal portion 18c and the vertical portion 18b in the opening 18 is cut out and formed. The communication portion 20 is formed in a horizontal direction so as to communicate with the opening forming notch 26a. The upper part 28 is a block body having a flat lower surface, and an opening notch 28a corresponding to the opening 18 is vertically formed therethrough and a basic recess 30 is formed on the upper surface. Here, in the base layer 12, the opening formation notches 26 a and 28 a forming a portion corresponding to the second lateral portion 18 c in the opening 18 are formed as the opening forming notches 16 a of the buffer layer 16 and the opening forming notches 14 a of the surface layer 14. The lower portion of the second horizontal portion 18c in the opening 18 is narrower than the upper portion.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the foundation recess 30 is cut and formed by profile processing or the like so as to be gradually recessed from the peripheral edge formed substantially flat on the upper surface of the upper part 28 toward the center. The joint with the recess 30 is angular. Here, the base recess 30 is formed wider than the opening forming notch 28a forming the opening 18, and the upper surface of the upper part 28 is inclined downward from the peripheral edge toward the opening edge of the opening forming notch 28a by the base recess 30. ing. The parts 24, 26, and 28 of the base layer 12 are divided so as to facilitate the processing for forming the communication portion 20, the opening formation notches 24 a, 26 a, and 28 a forming the opening 18 and the basic recess 30. The base layer 12 may be composed of one or two parts, or may be composed of a plurality of four or more parts.

As shown in FIG. 5, the buffer layer 16 is a block body whose upper and lower surfaces are flat, and an opening forming notch 16 a corresponding to the opening 18 is vertically formed through the buffer layer 16. The buffer layer 16 is joined along the basic recess 30 formed on the upper surface of the base layer 12, whereby a recess 17 is formed on the upper surface of the buffer layer 16 in accordance with the basic recess 30 (FIGS. 3 and 4). reference). The buffer layer 16 is preferably set to have a hardness in the range of 40N to 100N. Moreover, it is desirable for the buffer layer 16 to set the resilience elastic modulus in the range of 5% to 20%. The buffer layer 16 is preferably set to have a hardness in the range of 40N to 100N. Moreover, it is desirable for the buffer layer 16 to set the resilience elastic modulus in the range of 5% to 20%. More specifically, the buffer layer 16 is a polyurethane foam having a hardness in the range of 40N to 100N, a rebound resilience of 12%, and a density of 52 kg / m ³ (for example, product name ESN manufactured by INOAC Corporation). -2) can be used.

As shown in FIG. 5, the surface layer 14 is a block body whose upper and lower surfaces are flat, and an opening notch 14 a corresponding to the opening 18 is formed to penetrate in the vertical direction. The surface layer 14 is joined by an adhesive or the like along the recess 17 formed on the upper surface of the buffer layer 16, thereby forming a surface recess 22 on the upper surface of the surface layer 14 according to the basic recess 30 (FIG. 3). And FIG. 4). The surface layer 14 is in close contact with the face even when a force such as lateral displacement is applied after a load on the head or the like is applied to the face, and has a flexibility that does not rub against the skin of the face. The surface layer 14 is preferably set to have a hardness in the range of 5N to 40N. Moreover, as for the surface layer 14, it is desirable to set a resilience elastic modulus in the range of 30%-50%. Furthermore, the surface layer 14 is desired to have high air permeability. In the surface layer 14 of the example, the air permeability is preferably 100 L / min or more, and more preferably, 130 L / min or more. . The surface layer 14 is a polyurethane foam having a hardness of 23 N, a rebound resilience of 40%, a density of 16 kg / m ^{3 to} 24 kg / m ³ , a gas permeability of 150 L / min or more, and an elongation of 200% or more (for example, INOAC Corporation). Product name: EFS-3) can be used.

  The surface layer 14 is set to have a deviation strength of 0.68 N / mm or less. The displacement strength was determined by cutting out a foam sheet (50 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm) forming the surface layer 14, placing the foam sheet on a horizontal plane, and placing a weight of 1200 g on the upper surface (150 mm × 150 mm) thereof. In the state, when the weight is moved in the horizontal direction at a speed of 100 mm / min by an external load, the horizontal load (N) acting on the weight with respect to the weight moving distance (mm) in the horizontal direction Is the maximum value of the gradient. That is, the weight applied in the vertical direction to the foam sheet and the horizontal load (N) acting on the weight divided by the horizontal movement distance (mm), in other words, acting on the weight. The maximum value of the ratio of the horizontal load (N) to the moving distance (mm) of the weight in the horizontal direction. In other words, it is the maximum value of the load in the same direction with respect to the movement distance in the vertical direction of the direction in which the weight acts on the foam sheet. By reducing this value, it becomes possible to reduce the tensile stress and shear stress acting on the face received by the surface layer 14, and to prevent pressure ulcers in consideration of the deviation between the face and the surface layer 14. It becomes possible. The displacement strength may be 0.68 N / mm or less, but is further preferably 0.61 N / mm or less.

  The weight having a weight of 1200 g placed on the upper surface of the foam sheet may be any one as long as it has a rectangular flat bottom surface of 63 mm × 63 mm, and may be composed of one member or two or more members. It may be comprised from. Specifically, a rectangular planar metal plate having a weight of 200 g (63 mm × 63 mm) is placed on the top surface of the foam sheet, and a metal member having a weight of 1000 g is placed on the metal plate. May be. In addition, when a weight or a metal plate is placed on the top surface of the foam sheet, one side of the bottom surface of the foam sheet is aligned with one side in the width direction of the top surface of the foam sheet. It is desirable that the center of the bottom surface of what is placed on the upper surface of the body sheet is configured to be located on the center line in the width direction of the head support tool. In addition, when a load is applied to the weight in the horizontal direction, the weight may be pulled in the lateral direction or pushed.

  Many soft foams having low resilience that form the surface layer 14 or the buffer layer 16 have high temperature dependency, and some become hard when the temperature is lowered to some extent. In brain surgery or the like, surgery may be performed with the patient's body temperature lowered to some extent. In such a case, such a soft foam with high temperature dependence cannot prevent pressure ulcers appropriately. For this reason, it is preferable to employ | adopt the surface layer 14 and the buffer layer 16 with a low temperature dependence. Specifically, the ratio of the hardness at 0 ° C. to the hardness at 30 ° C. is preferably 150% or less, and more preferably 105% or less. Moreover, it is also possible to limit a foam with low temperature dependence with a glass transition temperature, and it is preferable that it is 0 degrees C or less, and it is more preferable that it is -10 degrees C or less.

(Effects of Example)
Next, the operation of the head support tool 10 according to the embodiment will be described. Since the head support device 10 receives the face with a very flexible surface layer 14, it feels good, and there is little localized facial pressure and the body pressure is dispersed throughout, so that blood flow inhibition and floor rubbing are effective. Can be prevented. Moreover, since the head support tool 10 can elastically support the load received on the surface layer 14 with the base layer 12 set to be harder than the surface layer 14, it suppresses excessive sinking of the head. The head can be held in an appropriate posture according to the surgical technique. Moreover, since the head support tool 10 is configured such that the upper surface is not covered with a covering such as cloth and the face is directly received by the surface layer 14 made of foam, the head supporting tool 10 is in uniform contact with the face, There is no local pressure on the face due to wrinkles or the like. The head support device 10 includes the buffer layer 16 having a low rebound resilience between the surface layer 14 and the base layer 12, so that the load softly received by the surface layer 14 can be appropriately dispersed by the buffer layer 16. it can. The head support tool 10 can maintain the deformed state of the surface layer 14 deformed according to the unevenness of the face by the buffer layer 16 to some extent, and can suppress repulsion from the highly elastic base layer 12 to the face. Thus, according to the head support tool 10, the head can be held in an appropriate posture and the burden on the face can be reduced.

  Furthermore, since the head support tool 10 is configured to support the forehead, both cheekbones, and jaws, it can reduce the burden on one place by distributing the load by supporting many places, The flexible surface layer 14 can reduce the burden on the face where the bone protrudes relatively. The head support device 10 is set such that the rigidity of the buffer layer 16 disposed below the surface layer 14 is higher than that of the surface layer 14, and the base layer 12 disposed below the buffer layer 16 than the buffer layer 16. High rigidity is set. Thus, since the head support device 10 is laminated so that the physical properties gradually change, the support force (reaction force) is improved step by step from the upper layer to the lower layer. ing. That is, the head support tool 10 prevents each layer from being elastically deformed step by step without impairing the flexibility of the upper layer due to the hardness of the lower layer, thereby preventing the user from feeling down. While supporting the face appropriately.

  The head support tool 10 is provided with a surface recess 22 on the upper surface that receives the face. Therefore, the upper surface approximately matches the shape of the face by the surface recess 22, so that the face can be supported without further burden. . Here, the surface concave portion 22 is not directly formed on the surface layer 14 by cutting processing such as profile processing, but the plate-like buffer layer 16 and the surface layer 14 are formed along the basic concave portion 30 formed on the upper surface of the base layer 12. The surface recess 22 is formed by laminating. That is, even if the edge of the basic recess 30 is angular due to cutting, the edge of the surface recess 22 that appears when the basic recess 30 is covered with the buffer layer 16 and the surface layer 14 becomes a curved surface, and the surface recess is formed on the upper surface of the surface layer 14. Even if 22 is provided, no corners are generated, so that it is possible to avoid a local burden on the face. Thus, even if the basic recess 30 is formed by a simple method such as profile processing, the surface recess 22 can be easily formed without requiring finishing such as chamfering the corners of the basic recess 30.

  Since the head support tool 10 can pull out a tool such as a pipe attached to the mouth or nose to the side through the communication portion 20, it is mounted on a table or the like that is not provided with a hole in accordance with the opening 18. It can be placed, and there is no restriction on the installation location of the head support tool, and the degree of freedom in use is high.

(Example of change)
(1) The opening is not limited to a configuration in which a portion corresponding to the nose, a portion corresponding to the mouth, and a portion corresponding to the eyes are all connected, and each opening may be an independent opening corresponding to each portion. For example, you may provide the opening part which connected the part corresponding to a nose and the part corresponding to eyes, and the opening part corresponding to a mouth, for example.
(2) The relationship of the thickness of each layer is not limited to the structure of an Example.
(3) The communication portion may be configured so that the opening end side is narrow and the tube passing through the communication portion is positively held.
(4) Each layer of the base layer, the surface layer and the buffer layer may be composed of a single layer in which foams having the same physical properties are combined as in the examples, but a multilayer structure comprising a plurality of foams having different physical properties It may be. In addition, when setting it as a multilayer, it is comprised so that it may become softer as it becomes an upper layer from a lower layer.
(5) The basic recess may be formed in the buffer layer instead of the base layer.

12 base layers, 14 surface layers, 16 buffer layers, 17 dents, 18 openings, 20 communicating portions,
22 surface recess (recess), 30 foundation recess

Claims (6)

In a head support device that is used to support a face in a prone position and has an opening formed in the mouth and nose,
A base layer made of a semi-rigid or soft foam;
A head support device comprising: a soft foam that is softer than the base layer, and a surface layer that is provided so as to overlap the upper side of the base layer and constitutes a surface in contact with the face.   The head support device according to claim 1, further comprising a buffer layer made of a soft foam that is softer than the base layer and harder than the base layer and has lower resilience than the base layer between the base layer and the surface layer. .   The head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface layer is disposed along a recess formed on an upper surface of a layer disposed below the base layer, and a recess is formed on the upper surface of the surface layer. Club support tool.   The head support device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface layer is formed to be able to support the forehead, left and right cheekbones, and jaw.   The base layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base layer is formed so as to penetrate the top and bottom, and a communication portion that extends laterally from the opening and opens on a side surface of the base layer is formed. The head support tool according to one item.   The head support device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a polyurethane foam having a displacement strength of 0.68 N / mm or less is used for the foam forming the surface layer.

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