JP2014204645A - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To design a motor so that inverter efficiency and motor efficiency are increased at a low revolution speed which is an intermediate load domain, the operation time of which is longest throughout a year.SOLUTION: Provided is an air conditioner provided with a compressor having a built-in motor, the air conditioner being characterized in that an inverter device for controlling the motor outputs, in a first domain in which the revolution speed of the motor is less than a first revolution speed, a constant voltage from a booster circuit while outputting a voltage proportional to the revolution speed of the motor from an inverter circuit; outputs, in a second domain in which the revolution speed of the motor is greater than or equal to the first revolution speed and less than a second revolution speed, a constant voltage from the booster circuit while outputting a constant voltage from the inverter circuit; and outputs, in a third domain in which the revolution speed of the motor is greater than or equal to the second revolution speed and less than third revolution speed, a voltage proportional to the revolution speed of the motor from a booster circuit while outputting a voltage proportional to the revolution speed of the motor from the inverter circuit.

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly to an inverter device that varies the number of revolutions of a permanent magnet synchronous motor that drives a compressor of a refrigeration cycle.

  The abstract of Patent Document 1 includes a boost converter unit that boosts the output voltage of a three-phase rectifier and a switching element of the boost converter unit as a motor drive control device that can reduce the resonance component of the bus current. A switching control means for controlling, a smoothing capacitor, an inverter circuit for converting the output of the step-up converter section into an AC voltage and supplying the same to the motor, and an inverter driving means, the switching control means being provided between the reactor and the bus In order to reduce the resonance component generated in the bus current due to the capacitance, the one that compensates and controls the on-duty of the switching element is disclosed.

JP 2010-166719 A

  In recent years, air conditioners have come to attach importance to year-round energy consumption efficiency (APF), and in general, the APF can be increased by increasing the efficiency at an intermediate load. For this reason, in order to further increase the efficiency when the compressor rotation speed in the refrigeration cycle is low, the design is such that the winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is wound, and the inverter current is increased by reducing the current flowing through the motor. However, when the winding of the motor is wound, the voltage that must be applied to the motor increases, which causes a demerit that driving at high speed becomes impossible.

  On the other hand, the above-mentioned problem can be improved to some extent by using field-weakening control, but the number of motors involved cannot be dramatically increased.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner in which inverter efficiency and motor efficiency are increased when a motor incorporated in a compressor has a low rotational speed.

In order to solve the above problems, a compressor having a built-in motor, an indoor heat exchanger, an indoor air conditioning valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an accumulator are sequentially connected to form a refrigeration cycle, An air conditioner having an inverter device for controlling a motor, wherein the inverter device includes a converter circuit that converts a three-phase AC voltage into a DC voltage, and a booster circuit that boosts the DC voltage output from the converter circuit. A DC voltage detection circuit for detecting a DC voltage output from the booster circuit, a DC current detection circuit for detecting a DC voltage current output from the booster circuit, and a DC voltage boosted by the booster circuit. A three-phase motor current from an output of the inverter circuit for converting to a phase AC voltage, a frequency command circuit for commanding the drive frequency of the motor, and the DC current detection circuit A three-phase current reproduction circuit to be reproduced, a phase calculation circuit for calculating the phase of the motor from the reproduced three-phase motor current, and an output voltage of the inverter circuit based on outputs of the frequency command circuit and the phase calculation circuit A vector calculation circuit for calculating, a PWM conversion circuit for outputting three-phase PWM for controlling the inverter circuit based on outputs of the phase calculation circuit and the vector calculation circuit, a DC voltage detection circuit, and the vector calculation circuit. A boost amount calculation circuit for calculating a boost amount based on an output; in a first region where the rotation speed of the motor is less than a first rotation speed, a constant voltage is output from the boost circuit; A voltage proportional to the rotational speed of the motor is output from an inverter circuit, and the rotational speed of the motor is equal to or higher than the first rotational speed and lower than the second rotational speed. In the region, a constant voltage is output from the booster circuit, a constant voltage is output from the inverter circuit, and the rotational speed of the motor is equal to or higher than the second rotational speed and less than the third rotational speed. In the third region, the air conditioner outputs a voltage proportional to the rotation speed of the motor from the booster circuit and outputs a voltage proportional to the rotation speed of the motor from the inverter circuit.

  By using the present invention, it is possible to obtain an air conditioner in which inverter efficiency and motor efficiency are high when the motor built in the compressor has a low rotational speed.

The block diagram of the inverter apparatus of one Example. The schematic diagram of the air conditioner of one Example. The example of the refrigerating cycle of the air conditioner of one Example.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the air conditioner 110 of the present embodiment. As shown here, the air conditioner 110 has a refrigeration cycle in which a compressor 101, an indoor heat exchanger 102, an indoor expansion valve 104, an outdoor heat exchanger 105, and an accumulator 107 are sequentially connected.

  For example, when the room is cooled, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 101 is condensed and liquefied by the outdoor heat exchanger 105, and then depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 104 and evaporated by the indoor heat exchanger 102. To come back. The indoor heat exchanger 102 and the indoor expansion valve 104 are built in the indoor unit 109 together with the indoor blower 103.

  The compressor 101, the outdoor heat exchanger 105, the accumulator 107, and the inverter device 210 are built in the outdoor unit 108 together with the outdoor blower 106. The compressor 101 is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor 111 (hereinafter, motor 111), and the rotation speed (operation frequency) of the motor 111 is variably controlled by an inverter device 210. Thereby, it respond | corresponds to the capability required for a refrigerating cycle.

  Also, the opening of the indoor expansion valve 104, the outdoor expansion valve (not shown), the rotational speed of the indoor blower 103, the outdoor blower 106, a four-way valve (not shown) for switching between the cooling / heating operation modes, etc. are not shown. It is controlled by a control circuit.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of an inverter device 210 that drives the compressor 101.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the inverter device 210 generates a DC voltage from the single-phase or three-phase AC power supply 1 by the converter circuit 2 and boosts the DC voltage by the booster circuit 3. A three-phase AC voltage is generated by the inverter circuit 5 using the boosted DC voltage as a power source, the motor 111 is driven, and the compressor 6 is operated according to a variable rule.

  By rotating the motor 111, a current flows through the bus of the DC voltage. This is detected by the DC current detection circuit 8 such as a shunt resistor, and the three-phase current is detected from the detected timing and the switching state of the inverter circuit 5 at that time. The reproduction circuit 10 reproduces the three-phase current, detects the three-phase current of the motor 111, and obtains the phase of the rotor of the motor 111 from the value by the phase calculation circuit 11.

  Based on the frequency command output from the frequency command circuit 12 and the phase output from the phase calculation circuit 11 in response to a request from the cycle of the air conditioner 110, the voltage applied to the motor 111 is obtained by the vector calculation circuit 13, and PWM conversion is performed. The circuit 14 generates a PWM signal to be output to the inverter circuit 5. Further, the boost amount calculation circuit 15 calculates the boost amount in the boost circuit 3 based on both outputs of the DC voltage detection circuit 9 and the vector calculation circuit 13, and the boost circuit 3 is boosted based on this.

  2A and 2B are diagrams for specifically explaining the control of the inverter device 210. FIG. 2A is a control in which the booster circuit 3 does not boost, and FIG. 2B is a present embodiment in which the booster circuit 3 boosts. The control of an example is demonstrated. 2A and 2B, the upper graph is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the motor 111 and the DC voltage detected by the DC voltage detection circuit 9 (that is, the output voltage of the booster circuit 3), and the middle graph. Is a graph showing the relationship between the same rotation speed and the output voltage of the inverter circuit 5 (ie, the output voltage of the inverter device 210), and the lower graph is a direct current detected by the DC current detection circuit 8 (ie, the booster circuit 3). It is a graph which shows the relationship of (output current).

  First, the case where the booster circuit 3 does not perform boosting will be described with reference to FIG. Here, the lower region of the motor speed is the region 20, and the higher region is the region 21, and the booster circuit 3 does not perform boosting. Therefore, as shown in the upper graph regions 20a and 21a, the motor speed Regardless, the DC voltage of the booster circuit 3 is constant. Further, as shown in the region 20b of the middle graph, in the region 20 where the motor rotation speed is low, the inverter output voltage is changed in proportion to the motor rotation speed by changing the inverter output voltage only by the PWM control of the inverter circuit 5. Can be increased. For this reason, as shown in a region 20c of the lower graph, the motor rotation speed can be increased by slightly increasing the motor current by an amount corresponding to the torque increase of the motor 111. Thus, in a region where the motor rotation speed is low, an optimum voltage can be output as the inverter output voltage, and an increase in motor current can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, in the region 21 where the motor rotation speed is high, the duty of the PWM control of the inverter circuit 5 is saturated, and the inverter output voltage reaches a peak as shown in the region 21b of the middle graph. In the region 21b using the peak voltage (hereinafter also referred to as “weakening field region”), since the electric field generated in the motor 111 is weak, the torque increase corresponding to the region 20c is required to further increase the motor speed. In addition to the motor current, it is necessary to superimpose the motor current based on the weak electric field. As a result, as is apparent from the lower graph, the slope of the motor current in the region 21c is much larger than the slope of the motor current in the region 20c, causing a problem that the efficiency of the motor 111 is greatly reduced.

  Therefore, in the control of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, the above-mentioned problem is solved by dividing into regions 22 to 25 in order from the region where the motor rotational speed is low, and performing the following control.

  First, in the region 22 and the region 23, the booster circuit 3 does not perform boosting, and thus exhibits the same behavior as the region 20 and the region 21 in FIG. As shown in the lower graph of FIG. 2 (b), the motor current rapidly increases in the region 23c. However, since the width of this region is narrow, even when the motor rotation speed becomes maximum in the region, the motor current The value is kept low.

  Next, the regions 24 and 25 where the motor rotation speed is higher will be described. As shown in the region 24a of the upper graph, in the region 24, the DC voltage is increased in proportion to the motor rotation speed. At this time, as shown in the region 24b of the middle graph, the inverter output voltage also increases in proportion to the motor speed. By increasing the inverter output voltage, as in the region 22c in the lower graph, only the increase in the motor current due to the increase in torque is superimposed in the region 24c, so the same in the region 21c in the lower graph in FIG. Compared with the motor current at the motor speed, the motor current can be greatly suppressed.

  In the region 25, as shown in the region 25a of the upper graph, a constant voltage higher than the maximum voltage in the region 24a is output from the booster circuit 3. Then, as shown in the region 25b of the middle graph, the inverter output voltage is increased in proportion to the motor rotation speed. As described above, when the motor rotational speed shifts from the region 24 to the region 25, the inverter output voltage is greatly increased, so that the value of the motor current is significantly reduced as compared with the region 24c as shown in the region 25c of the lower graph. Can do. That is, in any of the rotation speeds in the regions 24 and 25 described here, the value of the motor current can be significantly reduced as compared with the region 21 described in FIG. The efficiency of can be greatly improved.

  Here, immediately after the PWM control of the inverter circuit 5 is saturated, the field weakening region 23 is provided. In this region, neither the inverter output voltage nor the motor current is so large. This is because the can be operated with high efficiency. That is, by designing the motor 111 to perform rated operation in this region 23, the year-round energy consumption efficiency (APF) of the air conditioner using the motor 111 can be greatly suppressed.

  According to the air conditioner of the present embodiment described above, the voltage applied to the motor by the inverter can be increased by boosting the DC voltage of the inverter device by the boost device, and the inverter efficiency in the intermediate load region In addition, it is possible to realize an air conditioner that can increase the motor efficiency and drive the compressor at high speed as usual. As a result, it is possible to design a motor that increases the inverter efficiency and motor efficiency at a low rotational speed, which is the intermediate load region having the longest operating time throughout the year. In addition, in such a design, it is possible to ensure the same range as before by boosting that it is impossible to drive at a high rotation speed, which is an overload region. Furthermore, since the current flowing through the motor can be kept small, the current capacity of the inverter can be reduced, and the amount of harmonics generated is also proportional to the current, so that an air conditioner with a small amount of harmonics generated can be obtained. it can.

In addition, although the inverter apparatus was demonstrated to the above Example taking the air conditioner as an example, you may use an equivalent inverter apparatus for a refrigerator.

1. Single-phase or three-phase 200V AC power supply2. 2. Converter circuit Boost circuit 4. 4. Electrolytic capacitor Inverter circuit 8. DC current detection circuit 9. DC voltage detection circuit 10. Three-phase current reproduction circuit 11. Phase arithmetic circuit 12. Frequency command circuit 13. Vector arithmetic circuit 14. PWM conversion circuit 15. Pressurization amount calculation circuit 101 Compressor 102 Indoor heat exchanger 103 Indoor fan 104 Indoor expansion valve 105 Outdoor heat exchanger 106 Outdoor fan 107 Accumulator 108 Outdoor unit 109 Indoor unit 110 Air conditioner 111 Permanent magnet synchronous motor 210 Inverter device

Claims (3)

A compressor having a built-in motor, an indoor heat exchanger, an indoor air conditioning valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an accumulator are sequentially connected to form a refrigeration cycle, and an inverter device that controls the motor is included. An air conditioner,
The inverter device is
A converter circuit that converts a three-phase AC voltage into a DC voltage;
A booster circuit for boosting the DC voltage output from the converter circuit;
A DC voltage detection circuit for detecting the voltage of the DC voltage output by the booster circuit;
A DC current detection circuit for detecting a current of a DC voltage output by the booster circuit;
An inverter circuit for converting the DC voltage boosted by the booster circuit into a three-phase AC voltage;
A frequency command circuit for commanding the drive frequency of the motor;
A three-phase current reproduction circuit that reproduces a three-phase motor current from the output of the DC current detection circuit;
A phase calculation circuit for calculating the phase of the motor from the reproduced three-phase motor current;
A vector calculation circuit for calculating an output voltage of the inverter circuit based on outputs of the frequency command circuit and the phase calculation circuit;
A PWM conversion circuit that outputs three-phase PWM for controlling the inverter circuit based on the outputs of the phase calculation circuit and the vector calculation circuit;
A boost amount calculation circuit that calculates a boost amount based on outputs of the DC voltage detection circuit and the vector calculation circuit;
In the first region where the rotational speed of the motor is less than the first rotational speed, a constant voltage is output from the booster circuit, and a voltage proportional to the rotational speed of the motor is output from the inverter circuit.
In the second region where the rotation speed of the motor is equal to or higher than the first rotation speed and less than the second rotation speed, a constant voltage is output from the booster circuit and a constant voltage is output from the inverter circuit. Output,
In the third region where the rotational speed of the motor is greater than or equal to the second rotational speed and less than the third rotational speed, a voltage proportional to the rotational speed of the motor is output from the booster circuit, and the inverter circuit To output an electric voltage proportional to the rotational speed of the motor. In the air conditioner according to claim 1,
The air conditioner characterized in that the rated operation of the motor is performed in the second region. In the air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2,
In the fourth region where the rotational speed of the motor is equal to or higher than the third rotational frequency, a constant voltage larger than the maximum voltage in the third region is output from the booster circuit, and the inverter circuit outputs the first voltage. An air conditioner that outputs a voltage that is greater than the maximum voltage in the region 3 and is proportional to the rotational speed of the motor.