JP2014193427A - Desalination system, growing method and desalination plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a desalination system which allows elimination of installations using electric power, e.g. a pump for pumping fresh water.SOLUTION: The desalination system comprises a desalination apparatus 10A obtaining the fresh water from liquid, and a pumping plant 32 pumping up the fresh water. The desalination apparatus 10A includes a water-repellent grain layer 14 which is located under a water tank 11 having a space for storage of the liquid and composed of a plurality of water-repellent grains, and a liquefaction layer 14A which is located under the water-repellent grain layer 14 and provides the fresh water by liquefying water vapor having passed through the water-repellent grain layer 14. At a first position in the upper boundary of the liquefaction layer 14A, there is provided a water storage discharge port 17 which discharges the fresh water over the level of the first position. The liquefaction layer 14A is packed with a plurality of water conveyance grains which convey the fresh water to the pumping plant 32, and the grain size of the plurality of water conveyance grains decreases toward the pumping plant 32.

Description

  The present invention relates to a desalination system for obtaining fresh water from a liquid, a growing method using the desalination system, and a desalination apparatus.

  As a technique for producing fresh water in a location where it is difficult to obtain fresh water, a technique for producing fresh water from seawater is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a desalination method using water-repellent particles.

International Publication No. 2012/060036

  However, in the method of the prior art, for example, when forming a desalination apparatus in a recess dug in the ground, it is necessary to use fresh water (distilled water) liquefied in a liquefied layer by pumping it up, etc. There is a problem that equipment to be used is required.

  Then, this invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, Comprising: It aims at providing the desalination system, the cultivation method, and desalination apparatus which can omit the installation using electric power.

  To achieve the above object, a desalination system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a desalination apparatus that obtains fresh water from a liquid, and a pumping station that pumps the fresh water, and the desalination apparatus includes the liquid A water-repellent particle layer composed of a plurality of water-repellent particles, and water vapor that has passed through the water-repellent particle layer and is located under the water-repellent particle layer. A liquefied layer that obtains the fresh water by liquefying, and a drain outlet for draining the fresh water at a level higher than the first position is formed at a first position of an upper boundary of the liquefied layer, The fresh water is filled with a plurality of water guiding particles that guide the fresh water to the pumping station, and the particle diameter of the plurality of water guiding particles becomes smaller as it approaches the pumping station.

  Note that these comprehensive or partial specific aspects may be realized by a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a recording medium such as a computer-readable CD-ROM. The present invention may be realized by any combination of a computer program and a recording medium.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the desalination system, the cultivation method, and desalination apparatus which can omit the installation using electric power are realizable.

It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the desalination apparatus in a basic structure. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the desalination process of the desalination apparatus in a basic composition. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the desalination system in embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of distribution of the water guide particle comprised by the liquefying layer in embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the desalination system in embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the desalination system in embodiment. It is a top view of the desalination system in an embodiment. It is a top view of the desalination system in an embodiment. It is a top view of the desalination system in an embodiment. It is a flow figure showing the breeding method using the desalination system in an embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the desalination system in the modification 1 of embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of distribution of the water guide particle comprised by the liquefying layer in the modification 1 of embodiment. It is a top view of the desalination system in the modification 1 of embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows another example of a structure of the desalination system in the modification 1 of embodiment. It is a top view of the desalination system in the modification 2 of embodiment. It is a top view of the desalination system in the modification 2 of embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the desalination system in the modification 3 of embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the desalination apparatus in embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the desalination apparatus in embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the desalination apparatus in embodiment.

  As used herein, “water repellency” means the property of repelling water.

  In order to solve the above problems, a desalination system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a desalination apparatus that obtains fresh water from a liquid and a pumping station that pumps the fresh water, and the desalination apparatus includes the liquid A water-repellent particle layer composed of a plurality of water-repellent particles, and water vapor that has passed through the water-repellent particle layer and is located under the water-repellent particle layer. A liquefied layer that obtains the fresh water by liquefying, and a drain outlet for draining the fresh water at a level higher than the first position is formed at a first position of an upper boundary of the liquefied layer, The fresh water is filled with a plurality of water guiding particles that guide the fresh water to the pumping station, and the particle diameter of the plurality of water guiding particles becomes smaller as it approaches the pumping station.

  With this configuration, since the fresh water in the liquefied layer can be guided to the pumping station by capillary force, it is possible to save time and effort for a pump, a person, etc. to draw up the fresh water and spray it on the pumping station.

  Moreover, since the drain outlet is formed, the fresh water at the first level or higher can be discharged, so that the fresh water can be prevented from reaching the water repellent particle layer.

  Here, for example, the lower surface of the liquefied layer has a gradient that becomes lower as it approaches the pumping station.

  With this configuration, in the liquefied layer, fresh water can be guided to the pumping site by gravity in addition to capillary force.

  Further, for example, the lower surface of the pumping station has a gradient that becomes higher as it approaches the liquefied layer.

  With this configuration, since fresh water can be guided to the entire bottom of the water pumping station by gravity, the fresh water can be pumped to the entire bottom of the pumped farm, for example, in the cultivated land.

  In addition, for example, the pumping station may be provided around the desalination apparatus as viewed from above.

  Here, for example, the shape of the desalination apparatus may be substantially circular as viewed from above, and the shape of the desalination apparatus may be approximately rectangular as viewed from above.

  In addition, for example, the desalination apparatus may be provided around the pumping station as viewed from above.

  Here, for example, the shape of the pumping station may be substantially circular as viewed from above, and the shape of the pumping station may be approximately rectangular as viewed from above.

  For example, the area when the liquefied layer is viewed from above may be larger than the area when the water tank and the water-repellent particle layer are viewed from above.

  In order to solve the above problem, a growing method according to an aspect of the present invention is a growing method using the desalination system described above, wherein the liquid is introduced into the liquid storage layer, and the water repellent particles Disposing the liquid on a layer; evaporating the liquid disposed on the water-repellent particle layer by heating to generate water vapor; and liquefying the water vapor in the liquefied layer. The step of obtaining the fresh water, the step of introducing the fresh water to the pumping site by capillary force, and the step of pumping the fresh water introduced to the pumping site.

  Thereby, since the fresh water of a liquefied layer can be led to a pumping station by capillary force, the effort of a pump, a person, etc. picking up fresh water and spreading to a pumping station can be saved.

  Here, for example, a cultivation site for growing plants is provided on the pumping station, and in the step of pumping, fresh water guided to the pumping site may be pumped to the cultivation site. Good.

  As a result, fresh water is supplied to the farm only by desalination with the desalination system.

  In order to solve the above problem, a desalination apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is a desalination apparatus for obtaining fresh water from a liquid, which is located under a water tank having a space for storing the liquid, and A water-repellent particle layer composed of a plurality of water-repellent particles, and a liquefied layer that is located under the water-repellent particle layer and obtains the fresh water by liquefying water vapor that has passed through the water-repellent particle layer. The first position of the upper boundary of the liquefied layer is provided with a drain outlet for draining the fresh water stored at a water level equal to or higher than the first position, and the liquefied layer has a plurality of water guides the fresh water to the outside. Filled with water guiding particles, the particle diameters of the plurality of water guiding particles become smaller as they approach the outside.

  Thereby, since the fresh water of a liquefied layer can be led to a pumping station by capillary force, the facilities using electric power, such as a pump, can be omitted.

  Note that these comprehensive or partial specific modes may be realized by a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a recording medium such as a computer-readable CD-ROM. You may implement | achieve with arbitrary combinations of a circuit, a computer program, and a recording medium.

  Each embodiment will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

  It should be noted that each of the embodiments described below shows a comprehensive or specific example. Numerical values, shapes, materials, constituent elements, arrangement positions of constituent elements, steps, order of steps, and the like shown in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, among the constituent elements in the following embodiments, constituent elements that are not described in the independent claims indicating the highest concept are described as optional constituent elements.

(Embodiment)
[Basic desalination equipment]
Before describing a desalination system according to an embodiment, a desalination apparatus 10 having a basic configuration and a desalination process thereof will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a desalination apparatus 10 in a basic configuration.

  The desalination apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a water tank 11, a water-repellent particle layer 13, and a liquefying layer 14. The water tank 11, the water repellent particle layer 13, and the liquefied layer 14 are located in order from the top to the bottom. Here, the water tank 11 has a space (liquid storage layer) for storing a liquid whose side surface is surrounded by the upper side wall 12 a of the container 12 and whose bottom surface is covered by the water-repellent particle layer 13.

<Water tank 11>
The aquarium 11 may have an arbitrary shape such as a rectangle or a circle in plan view (top view). The water tank 11 has a side surface formed by the upper side wall 12 a of the container 12 and a bottom surface formed by the upper surface of the water repellent particle layer 13.

  Here, the container 12 will be described. A container 12 shown in FIG. 1 includes a lower side wall 12b erected along a vertical direction, an upper side wall 12a that is connected to the lower side wall 12b and is inclined so as to spread upward, and a lower side wall 12b. And a connected bottom plate 12c. It is not essential for the upper side wall 12a to incline so as to spread upward, and it may be erected along the vertical direction in the same manner as the lower side wall 12b. However, the upper side wall 12a may correspond to a liquid flow path when liquid is introduced into the water tank 11, and in order to reduce the energy of the liquid introduced into the water tank 11, the upper side wall 12a is inclined so as to spread upward. It is desirable that

  The container 12 is formed so as to surround a surface other than the upper surface of the water tank 11 with an upper side wall 12a, a lower side wall 12b, and a bottom plate 12c.

  The lower part of the container 12 surrounds all side portions of a water repellent particle layer 13 and a liquefied layer 14 described later with a lower side wall 12b, and holds the bottom surface of the liquefied layer 14 with a bottom plate 12c. The container 12 can hold fresh water that has been desalinated in the liquefied layer 14.

  The lower side wall 12b and the upper side wall 12a are each made of a material having water repellency. Examples of the lower side wall 12b and the upper side wall 12a are metal plate concrete, a waterproof sheet, or clay, respectively.

  Thus, the container 12 has a bottomed cylindrical shape, and has a cylindrical upper side wall 12a having a larger upper opening than the lower side opening, and the upper side opening is a lower side opening of the upper side wall 12a. And a bottom plate 12c that closes the lower opening of the lower side wall 12b, and the water tank 11, the water repellent particle layer 13, and the liquefied layer 14 are located inside. . The container 12 is not limited to the bottomed cylindrical shape, and is, for example, a concave portion dug in the ground, and the water tank 11, the water repellent particle layer 13, and the liquefied layer 14 are positioned in the concave portion. Also good. Further, the lower side wall 12b and the upper side wall 12a are not limited to water repellency, and may be waterproof.

  The liquid poured (introduced) into the water tank 11 forms a liquid layer 15 in the water tank 11. That is, the liquid layer 15 is formed on the upper surface of the water-repellent particle layer 13 and inside the container 12 (the space of the upper side wall 12a).

  The desalination apparatus 10 may have an introduction passage for introducing a liquid into the water tank 11. On the other hand, when the desalination apparatus 10 does not have an introduction passage, the liquid may be introduced into the water tank 11 from the opening of the water tank 11 (the opening of the container 12). Here, the liquid introduced into the water tank 11 has transparency or translucency as an example.

  The liquid poured into the water tank 11 to form the liquid layer 15 does not flow down to the liquefied layer 14 because the water repellent particle layer 13 and the upper side wall 12a have water repellency. In other words, the liquid poured into the water tank 11 is stacked and maintained as the liquid layer 15 on the upper surface of the water-repellent particle layer 13 surrounded by the upper side wall 12a. An example of the height of the liquid layer 15 (the height of the liquid surface of the liquid layer 15) is 1 mm to 50 cm. If the height of the liquid layer 15 is too high (for example, higher than 15 cm), it takes time to heat the liquid as described later, a large heat capacity is required, and the desalination efficiency of the liquid is deteriorated. On the other hand, if it is too low (eg, lower than 50 cm), the desalination efficiency of the liquid is too bad. For this reason, if it exists in this numerical range, the efficiency of desalination can be maintained in a favorable state.

  As described above, the water tank 11 has the side surface formed by the upper side wall 12a of the container and the bottom surface formed by the water repellent particle layer 13, and holds the liquid introduced from the outside of the desalination apparatus 10 as the liquid layer 15.

  The water tank 11 may have a heater for heating the liquid layer 15 of the water tank 11. In that case, for example, the heater is disposed on the upper side wall 12 a of the water tank 11.

<Water repellent particle layer 13>
The water repellent particle layer 13 is located below the water tank 11. The upper surface of the water repellent particle layer 13 forms the bottom surface of the water tank 11. When liquid is poured into the water tank 11, the water repellent particle layer 13 is positioned in contact with the lower surface of the liquid layer 15. As shown in FIG. 1, the side surface of the water repellent particle layer 13 may be surrounded by a lower side wall 12b.

  The water repellent particle layer 13 includes at least a plurality of water repellent particles. Each water repellent particle includes a particle and a water repellent film covering the particle surface. The water repellent particles are particles having a water repellent surface.

  The water repellent particle layer 13 is formed by a large number of water repellent particles being concentrated. That is, the surface of one water-repellent particle is in contact with the surfaces of a plurality of other water-repellent particles. At this time, the water repellent particle layer 13 has a gap through which water vapor evaporated from the liquid by heating can pass between the water repellent particles in contact with each other. Since the water-repellent particle layer 13 includes a plurality of water-repellent particles, it is possible to reduce liquid intrusion into the water-repellent particle layer 13.

  The entire side surface of the water repellent particle layer 13 may be surrounded by the lower side wall 12b. By being surrounded by the lower side wall 12 b, it is possible to reduce the intrusion of the liquid into the water repellent particle layer 13. Since the plurality of water-repellent particles forming the water-repellent particle layer 13 also have water repellency, the infiltration of liquid into the water-repellent particle layer 13 can be reduced. Therefore, the lower side wall 12b is not an essential configuration.

  The particles include gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Gravel is a particle having a particle diameter of 2 mm to 75 mm. Sand is a particle having a particle diameter greater than 0.075 mm and 2 mm or less. Silt is a particle having a particle diameter of greater than 0.005 mm and 0.075 mm or less. Clay is a particle having a particle size of 0.005 mm or less.

The water repellent film covers the surface of each particle. Water-repellent film, the formula _- (CF ₂₎ n - it is desirable to include a fluorocarbon group represented by. n is a natural number. Desirable n is 2 or more and 20 or less.

  The water repellent film is desirably bonded to the particle by a covalent bond. The following chemical formula (I) represents a desirable water-repellent film.

  Here, Q is hydrogen or fluorine. m1 and m2 are each independently a natural number of 0 or 1 or more. n is 2 or more and 20 or less.

  An example of a method for producing water-repellent particles will be described below.

First, the formula _{CX 3 - (CH 2) m1} - (CF 2) n - (CH 2) surfactant represented by m @ 2 -SiX ₃ is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent to prepare a surfactant solution. X is a halogen, preferably chlorine.

  Next, a plurality of particles are immersed in a surfactant solution in a dry atmosphere to obtain a plurality of water-repellent particles (see Patent Document; US Pat. No. 5,527,0080 (corresponding to Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-063670)) ).

  Examples of the material of the water repellent film are a chlorosilane-based material or an alkoxysilane-based material. An example of the chlorosilane-based material is peptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane or normal octadecyldimethylchlorosilane. Examples of the alkoxysilane-based material are normal octadecyltrimethoxysilane or nonafluorohexyltriethoxysilane.

  The water repellent particle layer 13 desirably has low thermal conductivity so as to reduce thermal conduction between the water tank 11 and the liquefied layer 14. Since the water tank 11 is vaporized by heating the liquid, the water tank 11 has a predetermined temperature or higher (for example, 40 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower). Since the liquefied layer 14 liquefies water vapor, the liquefied layer 14 has a predetermined temperature or lower (for example, 30 ° C. or lower). At least the difference between the temperature of the water tank 11 and the temperature of the liquefied layer 14 is 10 ° C. or more. The temperature of the water tank 11 and the temperature of the liquefied layer 14 are greatly different, and when the thermal conductivity between the water tank 11 and the liquefied layer 14 is high, the desalination efficiency may decrease.

  Since the water-repellent particle layer 13 is formed of a plurality of water-repellent particles densely, air or the like exists between the plurality of particles. Therefore, the water-repellent particle layer 13 has lower heat conduction than a film formed of a uniform material.

  An example of the thickness of the water repellent particle layer 13 is 5 mm or more and 30 cm or less.

  If the water repellent particle layer 13 is too thin (thickness is less than 1 cm), water poured into the water tank 11 may flow down to the liquefied layer 514. On the other hand, when the water-repellent particle layer 13 is too thick (when the thickness exceeds 30 cm), water vapor described later does not easily pass through the gaps in the water-repellent particle layer 13.

<Liquefaction layer 14>
The liquefied layer 14 is located below the water repellent particle layer 13. The liquefied layer 14 may be formed of a plurality of particles including particles not subjected to water repellent treatment. Alternatively, the liquefied layer 14 may be a space surrounded by the lower side wall 12b and the bottom plate 12c.

  The liquefied layer 14 may be surrounded by the lower side wall 12 b and surrounded by the bottom plate 12 c so that the container 12 can hold the fresh water 16.

  The water vapor passing through the gap between the water repellent particle layer 13 and the water repellent particle layer 13 and reaching the liquefied layer 14 is liquefied by the liquefied layer 14 and becomes liquid water (fresh water 16). Details will be described later.

  The liquefied layer 14 is cooled as necessary.

  The following method can be considered as an example of cooling. The liquefied layer 14 is cooled by disposing at least a part of the liquefied layer 14 in the soil (underground). For example, the height of the interface between the liquefied layer 14 and the water repellent particle layer 13 is made the same as the height of the ground surface, and the liquefied layer 14 is set to a temperature lower than that of the water repellent particle layer 13.

  Moreover, the liquefied layer 14 may have a cooling part.

  Thus, the liquefied layer 14 is located under the water-repellent particle layer 13 and is liquefied by cooling the water vapor that has passed through the water-repellent particle layer 13. Here, the liquefied layer 14 is at a predetermined temperature or lower (for example, 15 ° C. or lower).

  The desalination apparatus 10 includes a support layer such as a mesh for preventing the water-repellent particles of the water-repellent particle layer from falling into the liquefied layer 14 at the interface between the liquefied layer 14 and the water-repellent particle layer 13. You may have.

[Desalination method]
Hereinafter, the desalination process by the desalination apparatus 10 in the basic structure comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated.

<Desalination treatment>
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the desalination process of the desalination apparatus 10 in the basic configuration.

  First, a liquid is introduced into the water tank 11, and the liquid (liquid layer 15) is disposed on the water repellent particle layer 13 (S101). Here, the liquid is, for example, salt water.

  Next, the liquid disposed on the water-repellent particle layer 13 is heated to evaporate to generate water vapor (S102). Specifically, when the liquid (liquid layer 15) stored in the water tank 11 is heated to a certain temperature or higher, the liquid becomes water vapor.

  This constant temperature is a temperature determined according to the saturated vapor pressure curve based on the type of liquid and the atmospheric pressure. For example, when the liquid is salt water, the certain temperature is not less than 50 degrees and not more than 60 degrees. The liquid layer 15 may be heated by, for example, sunlight, or may be performed by a heater when the water tank 11 has a heater. Alternatively, the heating may be performed by supplying the heated object to the liquid layer 15 of the water tank 11.

  Next, fresh water is obtained by liquefying water vapor in the liquefied layer 14 (S103).

  Specifically, the water vapor evaporated from the liquid by heating in the water tank 11 moves not only in the upward direction but also in the downward direction. When the water vapor moving downward passes through the gaps between the water-repellent particles in the water-repellent particle layer 13 and reaches the liquefied layer 14, it is liquefied by the liquefied layer 14 and becomes liquid water. That is, the water vapor evaporated from the liquid by heating in the water tank 11 is cooled in the liquefied layer 14 and becomes liquid water.

  Thus, the desalination process of the desalination apparatus 10 (or desalination system 20) is performed.

  The liquid water is water in which solids contained in the liquid poured into the water tank 11 and dissolved impurities are reduced, and is typically fresh water (distilled water). Impurities dissolved in the liquid are, for example, ions.

(Knowledge that led to the present invention)
However, in the desalination apparatus 10 in the basic configuration described above, for example, when the desalination apparatus 10 is formed in a recess (underground) dug in the ground, the fresh water (distilled water) liquefied in the liquefied layer 14 is used, for example. There is a problem that it is necessary to make a facility that uses electric power. Specifically, when the fresh water liquefied in the liquefied layer 14 of the desalination apparatus is used in a cultivated land or the like for growing plants or the like, distilled water must be pumped up to the ground surface by a pump or the like and then sprayed. For this reason, there is a problem that facilities using electric power such as a pump are required.

  Then, the present inventors came to create the desalination system which can omit the facility using electric power, the growth method using the same, and the desalination apparatus.

  Below, the desalination system etc. of this Embodiment which can omit the installation using electric power are demonstrated.

[Desalination system]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the desalination system in the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the distribution of water guiding particles configured in the liquefied layer in the present embodiment. FIG.5 and FIG.6 is sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the desalination system in this Embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The desalination system 20 shown in FIG. 3 includes a desalination apparatus 10A that obtains fresh water from a liquid, and a pumping station 32 that pumps the fresh water.

  In this Embodiment, the desalination system 20 is further provided with the water conveyance layer 31 and the cultivation place 33 for growing a plant.

  The desalination apparatus 10 </ b> A includes a water tank 11, a water repellent particle layer 13, a liquefied layer 14 </ b> A, and a water storage / discharge port 17, and obtains fresh water from a liquid.

<Water tank 11>
In the water tank 11, the side surface is formed by the upper side wall 12 a and the bottom surface is formed by the upper surface of the water repellent particle layer 13, as in the basic configuration described above. The water tank 11 has a space for storing a liquid surrounded by the upper side wall 12 a and the water repellent particle layer 13.

  The details are the same as those described in the basic configuration, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

<Water repellent particle layer 13>
The water repellent particle layer 13 is located below the water tank 11 and is composed of a plurality of water repellent particles. When the liquid contained in the water tank 11 has a predetermined height or less, the liquid cannot pass through the water-repellent particle layer 13. On the other hand, water vapor generated by vaporization of the liquid in the water tank 11 passes through the water-repellent particle layer 13. Details are the same as those described in the basic configuration, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

<Liquefied layer 14A>
The liquefied layer 14 </ b> A is located below the water repellent particle layer 13. The liquefied layer 14 </ b> A obtains fresh water by liquefying the water vapor that has passed through the water-repellent particle layer 13.

  In the present embodiment, the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A is provided in the basement, such as a recess dug in the ground, and is connected via the pumping field 32 and the water guide layer 31.

  The liquefied layer 14 </ b> A is filled with a plurality of water guiding particles that guide fresh water obtained by liquefaction to the pumping station 32.

  Note that the plurality of water guiding particles may be filled in the entire space of the liquefied layer 14A, or may be filled leaving a partial upper space. Moreover, it is good also as filling the space below the 1st position in which the water storage drain port 17 mentioned later is provided.

  Here, it is desirable that the plurality of water guiding particles be filled with a collection of particles having higher thermal conductivity than air. This is because liquefaction efficiency (desalination efficiency) can be improved.

  Moreover, the particle diameter of the several water conveyance particle | grains which comprise 14A of liquefying layers becomes small, so that it approaches the pumping field 32, as shown in FIG. In other words, the space of the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A is filled with a plurality of water guide particles whose particle size is smaller as the water guide layer 31 is closer. Thereby, it is possible to supply fresh water (water guide) to the pumping station 32 through the water guide layer 31 by capillary force.

  The average particle diameter of the water guiding particles constituting the liquefied layer 14A is not less than 10 times and not more than 100 times the average particle diameter of the water-repellent particles described in the basic structure. Thereby, the water (fresh water) condensed by the water guide particles near the surface of the liquefied layer 14A falls downward in the liquefied layer 14A. And as mentioned above, since the water conveyance particle is comprised so that particle size may become small, so that it is close to the pumping station 32, the dew condensation water (fresh water) is led to the direction to the pumping station 32.

  Other configurations are the same as those described in the basic configuration, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  Note that the liquefied layer 14A is not limited to the above-described configuration example. For example, the structure of the liquefying layer 14B shown by the desalination system 20B (desalination apparatus 10B) of FIG. 6 may be sufficient. Specifically, the bottom of the liquefied layer 14B may have a gradient that becomes lower as it approaches the pumping station 32B. That is, the liquefied layer 14 </ b> B may be inclined downward from the liquefied layer 14 </ b> B toward the pumping station 32 in order to guide fresh water to the pumped station 32. Since the bottom portion of the liquefied layer 14B is inclined downward, fresh water can be flowed (directed) in the direction of the pumping field 32 by gravity in addition to the capillary force.

<Water storage outlet 17>
The water storage discharge port 17 is a drain port that is provided at the first position of the upper boundary of the liquefied layer 14A and drains fresh water stored at a water level higher than the first position. Accordingly, since fresh water stored in the liquefied layer 14 can be prevented from reaching the water repellent particle layer 13, it is possible to prevent fresh water from pushing up the water repellent particle layer 13. The boundary of the liquefied layer 14 is a boundary between the space of the liquefied layer 14 and the space outside the liquefied layer 14 (for example, the container 12). When the liquefied layer 14 is surrounded by the lower side wall 12b of the container 12, the position passing through the upper part of the liquefied layer 14 and the upper side of the lower side wall 12b is the first position.

  In addition, the water storage outlet 17 stores water at a level higher than the first position even when rainwater soaked in the cultivating field 33 flows into the liquefied layer 14A through the pumping field 32 and the water conduit 31 in rainy weather. The drained rainwater can be drained. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent rainwater that has flowed into the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A from the cultivation field 33 from reaching the water repellent particle layer 13 and pushing up the water repellent particle tank 13.

  Here, the first position is preferably on the liquefied layer 14A side in the vicinity of the interface between the water repellent particle layer 13 and the liquefied layer 14A. This is because it is a position sufficient to prevent rainwater or stored fresh water from pushing up the water-repellent particle layer 13, and the amount of fresh water stored in the liquefied layer 14A can be maximized.

  Further, the first position may not be in the vicinity of the interface between the water-repellent particle layer 13 and the liquefied layer 14A, but may be at the position above the liquefied layer 14 (upper half or more). This is because it is only necessary to prevent rainwater or stored fresh water from pushing up the water repellent particle layer 13, and it is only necessary that fresh water obtained by liquefaction can be guided to the water guide layer 31 as needed.

  In addition, the water storage discharge port 17 is not limited to the discharge port mode, and may be provided in the form of a discharge pipe. The form of the water storage discharge port 17 is not limited as long as the fresh water stored at the first level or higher can be drained.

<Water guide layer 31>
The water transfer layer 31 is connected between the pumping station 32 and the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A, and guides fresh water from the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A to the pumped station 32.

  Here, similarly to the liquefied layer 14A, the water guiding layer 31 may be filled with water guiding particles whose particle diameter decreases in the direction from the liquefied layer 14A to the pumping field 32. The water guiding layer 31 may be formed by extending the liquefied layer 14A. That is, the water guide layer 31 may be a part of the liquefied layer 14.

  Moreover, the water conveyance layer 31 may be a part of a pumping station 32 described later.

  In addition, the water conveyance layer 31 is not restricted to the example of the structure mentioned above. For example, the structure of the water conveyance layer 31B shown by FIG. 6 (desalination system 20B) may be sufficient. Specifically, the water conveyance layer 31B may be inclined downward in the direction from the liquefaction layer 14B toward the pumping field 32B in order to guide the fresh water from the liquefaction layer 14B to the pumping field 32. That is, the water guide layer 31 may be formed such that the connection portion between the water guide layer 31 and the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A is disposed at a relatively higher position than the connection portion between the water guide layer 31 and the pumping station 32. Since the water guide layer 31 is inclined downward, fresh water can be flowed (directed) in the direction of the pumping station 32 by gravity. The water guide layer 31 may be configured by a water guide pipe such as a fume pipe.

<Pump 32>
The pumping station 32 is provided at a position below the cultivating field 33 and pumps fresh water introduced from the liquefied layer 14A. The pumping station 32 is provided with a sand bed structure having different average particle diameters. The sand bed structure is composed of, for example, a sand layer composed of medium-sized sand having an average particle diameter of 0.5 mm and a cobblestone layer composed of coarse sand having an average particle diameter of about 1 mm located under the sand layer. . Thereby, the pumping station 32 can pump fresh water using capillary force or the like and supply it to the farm 33.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the pumping yard 32 is desirably provided at a height at which the cultivating yard 33 is located above the liquefied layer 14A. This is because it is possible to prevent excessive water from being supplied to the farm 33 by pumping with the capillary force 321 of the pumping station 32.

  The mode of the pumping station 32 is not limited as long as fresh water can be pumped and supplied to the farm 33. For example, the pumping station 32 may be composed of soil having water retention capacity for retaining fresh water introduced from the liquefied layer 14A. This is because it is only necessary that the roots of plants and the like grown in the cultivating field 33 reach the pumping station 32 and suck up the retained water (fresh water).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the pumping field 32 is not limited to the height at which the cultivation field 33 is positioned above the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (desalination system 20A), the pumping station 32A may be provided at a height at which the cultivation field 33 is located at the upper part (upper half) of the liquefied layer 14A. In that case, the height of the water conveyance layer 31A is also adjusted according to the height of the pumping station 32A.

  In addition, a pumping station is not restricted to the example of a structure of the pumping stations 32 and 32A mentioned above. For example, the structure of the pumping station 32B shown by FIG. 6 (desalination system 20B) may be sufficient. Specifically, the pumping station 32B distributes fresh water from the liquefied layer 14B to the entire bottom of the water pumping station (water transfer), so that the lower surface (bottom surface) of the pumped water station 32B is transferred from the liquefied layer 14B to the pumping station 32B. It is good also as having the gradient which becomes so high that it approaches the liquefying layer 14B in the direction to go. That is, the lower surface of the pumping station 32B may be inclined upward toward the liquefied layer 14B. Since the bottom surface of the pumping station 32B is inclined upward, fresh water from the liquefied layer 14B can be distributed over the entire bottom of the water guiding field (water guiding). Thereby, the pumping station 32B can pump fresh water with respect to the whole bottom part of the cultivation field 33.

  Next, the positional relationship when the desalination apparatuses 10A and 20B configured as described above and the cultivation field 33 are viewed from above will be described.

  7A to 7C are top views of the desalination system according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C, an example of a top view of the desalination system 20 is shown. Elements similar to those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The shape of the cultivation field 33 and the pumping field 32 is a rectangle such as a substantially rectangular shape as viewed from above (in top view) as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, for example. In addition, the shape of the cultivation field 33 and the pumping field 32 may be arbitrary shapes, for example, circular so that it may mention later. As shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, the shape of the desalination apparatus 10 </ b> A may be an arbitrary shape such as a rectangle such as a substantially rectangular shape or a circle when viewed from above (in top view).

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7A or 7B, the desalination apparatus 10A and the pumping station 32 have a smaller area of the desalination apparatus 10A, and the water guide layer 31 spreads in the direction from the desalination apparatus 10A toward the pumping station 32. It may be connected with.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7C, the desalination apparatus 10 </ b> A and the pumping station 32 are directly connected without passing through the water guiding layer 31 when the lengths of the opposing sides are substantially the same. Also good. FIG. 7C shows a case where the area of the liquefied layer 14A is larger than the areas of the water tank 11 and the water-repellent particle layer 13 as viewed from above. Note that the liquefied layer 14A is not limited to the case where the area connected to the pumping station 32 is larger than the area of the water tank 11 and the water repellent particle layer 13 as shown in FIG.

[Growth method]
Hereinafter, the growth method of the plant etc. in the cultivation field 32 using the desalination system 20, 20A, and 20B comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated using FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a growing method using the desalination system in the embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the element similar to FIG.

  Since S101 to S103 are as described above, detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  First, in S103, fresh water is obtained by liquefying water vapor in the liquefied layer 14A.

  Next, the fresh water obtained in the liquefied layer 14A is led to the pumping station 32 by capillary force (S104).

  More specifically, the water guide particles filled in the liquefied layer 14A become smaller as the distance from the liquefied layer 14A toward the pumping field 32 approaches the pumped field 32. Therefore, the liquefied layer 14A guides fresh water to the pumping station 32 by capillary force. In the present embodiment, since the liquefied layer 14A is connected to the pumping field 32 via the water guide layer 31, the liquefied layer 14A guides fresh water to the water guide layer 31 by capillary force. The water guide layer 31 guides fresh water from the liquefied layer 14 </ b> A to the pumping station 32.

  Next, the pumping station 32 pumps the fresh water introduced to the pumping station 32 (S105).

  Specifically, in S <b> 105, the pumping station 32 pumps fresh water introduced to the pumping station 32 to a cultivation station 33 for growing plants and the like provided on the pumping station 32.

  As mentioned above, according to this Embodiment, since the fresh water of a liquefied layer can be led to a pumping station by capillary force, the desalination system and cultivation method which can omit the facilities using electric power, such as a pump, are realizable.

  In addition, a desalination system is not restricted to the example of the structure mentioned above. Hereinafter, another configuration example will be described as a modification.

(Modification 1)
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the desalination system in Modification 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the distribution of water guiding particles configured in the liquefied layer in the first modification of the present embodiment. FIG. 11 is a top view of the desalination system in Modification 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the configuration of the desalination system in Modification 1 of the present embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The desalination system 20C shown in FIG. 9 differs from the desalination system 20 shown in FIG. 3 in the configuration of a desalination apparatus 10C and a pumping station 32C.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 11, the shape of the pumping field 32C and the cultivation field 33A located on the pumping field 32C is a donut shape having a substantially circular region at the center when viewed from above (in top view). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, the shape of the desalination apparatus 10A is substantially circular when viewed from above (in top view), and is disposed inside the donut-shaped water pumping station 32C (substantially circular area in the center). Has been. Thus, the pumping station 32C is provided around the desalination apparatus 10C as viewed from above. In addition, the A1-A2 cross section of FIG. 11 corresponds to the cross sectional view of the desalination system 20C shown in FIG.

<Liquefied layer 14C>
In this modification, the liquefied layer 14C is provided in the basement, such as a recess dug in the ground, and is directly connected to the pumping station 32C.

  Similarly to the liquefied layers 14A and 14B in the embodiment, the liquefied layer 14C is filled with a plurality of water-conducting particles that guide fresh water obtained by liquefaction to the pumping station 32C.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the particle diameters of the plurality of water guiding particles constituting the liquefied layer 14 </ b> C become smaller as the distance from the center or the central part approaches the pumping field 32. In other words, the liquefied layer 14C is filled with a plurality of water-conducting particles whose particle size is smaller as it is closer to the pumping station 32C. Thereby, fresh water can be supplied (water introduction) to the pumping station 32C by capillary force.

  Moreover, the average particle diameter of the water-conducting particles constituting the liquefied layer 14C is not less than 10 times and not more than 100 times the average particle diameter of the water-repellent particles described in the basic structure, similarly to the liquefied layers 14A and 14B described above. Thereby, the water (fresh water) condensed by the water-conducting particles near the surface of the liquefied layer 14C falls downward in the liquefied layer 14C. And as above-mentioned, since the water conveyance particle is comprised so that particle size may become small, so that it is close to the pumping station 32C, the dew-condensed water (fresh water) is led to the direction to the pumping station 32C.

  Other configurations are the same as those described in the basic configuration, and thus description thereof is omitted.

<Pump 32C>
The pumping station 32C is provided at a position below the cultivation field 33A and pumps fresh water introduced from the liquefied layer 14C. The area when viewed from above the pumping station 32C of the present modification shown in FIG. 9 is larger than the area of the cultivation field 33A when viewed from above, compared with the pumping station 32 of the embodiment. Other configurations are the same as those described in the basic configuration, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  The pumping station C is not limited to the configuration example described above. For example, the structure of the pumping station 32D shown in FIG. 12 (desalination system 20D) may be sufficient. Specifically, the pumping station 32D distributes fresh water from the liquefied layer 14B to the entire bottom of the water pumping station (water transfer), so that the lower surface (bottom surface) of the pumping station 32D becomes higher as it approaches the liquefied layer 14C. It may have a gradient. That is, the lower surface of the pumping station 32D may be inclined upward toward the liquefied layer 14C. Since the bottom surface of the pumping station 32D is inclined upward, fresh water from the liquefied layer 14C can be distributed over the entire bottom of the water guiding field 32D (water guiding). Thereby, pumping station 32D can pump fresh water with respect to the whole bottom part of cultivation field 33A.

  In addition, 10 C of desalination apparatuses are not restricted to the structure mentioned above. For example, the desalination apparatus 10D shown by the desalination system 20D of FIG. 12 may be sufficient.

  The desalination apparatus 10D shown in FIG. 12 has a lid 18 as compared with the desalination apparatus 20C shown in FIG. About another structure, since it is the same as that of desalination apparatus 10D, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The lid 18 is provided in the water tank 11 and covers the opening of the water tank 11 (upper side wall 12a). The lid 18 is formed of a transparent member when the liquid layer 15 of the desalination apparatus 10D is heated by sunlight. By having the lid 18, the desalination apparatus 10 </ b> D can not only reduce water vapor escaping upward from the water tank 11, but also reduce impurities mixed from the opening of the water tank 11.

(Modification 2)
13A and 13B are top views of the desalination system in Modification 2 of the present embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 13A, for example, as shown in FIG. 13A, the shape of the pumping field 32A shown in FIG. 5 and the cultivating field 33 is one donut shape having a substantially circular region in the center. A piece (fan shape) may be sufficient. As described above, the desalination apparatus 10A is provided around the pumping station 32A as viewed from above. 13A corresponds to the cross-sectional view of the desalination system 20A shown in FIG.

  Moreover, the shape of the pumping field 32A shown in FIG. 5 and the cultivation field 33 located thereon are, for example, as shown in FIG. 13B, a donut shape having a substantially circular region at the center when viewed from above (in top view). It may be. As described above, the desalination apparatus 10A is provided around the pumping station 32A as viewed from above. The cross section B3-B4 of the desalination system 20E shown in FIG. 13A corresponds to the cross-sectional view of the desalination system 20A shown in FIG.

  The water guide layer 31 may or may not be the same as in the first modification. When the water guide layer 31 is not provided, the liquefied layer 14A and the pumping station 32A are directly connected.

  Further, the bottom of the liquefied layer 14A may have a gradient that becomes lower as it approaches the pumping station 32A. In other words, the liquefied layer 14A may be inclined downward in the direction toward the pumping station 32 in order to guide fresh water to the pumping station 32A. Since the bottom of the liquefied layer 14A is inclined downward, fresh water can be flowed (directed) in the direction of the pumping field 32A by gravity in addition to the capillary force.

(Modification 3)
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the desalination system in Modification 3 of the present embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The desalination system 20F shown in FIG. 14 differs from the desalination system 20B shown in FIG. 6 in that it has an introduction passage 21 and a sluice 22 in addition to the absence of a water transfer layer.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the desalination apparatus 10D includes a water tank 11A, a water-repellent particle layer 13, and a liquefaction layer 14D, and obtains fresh water from the liquid. The desalination apparatus 10D is further connected to an introduction passage 21 for supplying a liquid to the desalination apparatus 10D. The introduction passage 21 is a passage for introducing liquid from the external tank 23.

<Water tank 11A>
The water tank 11 </ b> A has a side surface formed by the upper side wall 12 a and a bottom surface formed by the upper surface of the water repellent particle layer 13, similarly to the water tank 11 described above. The water tank 11 </ b> A has a space for storing a liquid surrounded by the upper side wall 12 a and the water repellent particle layer 13. An introduction passage 21 is connected to a part of the side surface of the water tank 11A. Further, a part of the upper end of the upper side wall 12 a may be connected to the introduction passage 21.

  The water tank 11A may have a discharge passage through which liquid is discharged on the side surface. The discharge passage is desirably arranged at a position facing the position of the introduction passage 21 on the side surface of the water tank 11A. That is, it is desirable that the discharge passage is disposed at a position facing the introduction passage 21 across the space for storing the liquid in the water tank 11A. Accordingly, the liquid in the water tank 11A gently flows in the water tank 11A and is discharged from the discharge passage. Here, the discharge passage may be the liquid port of the water tank 11A, and the form is not limited as long as a part of the liquid in the water tank 11A is discharged while flowing gently. In addition, since it is the same as that of having demonstrated with the basic composition about others, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

<Introduction passage 21>
The introduction passage 21 is connected between the external tank 23 and the water tank 11A, and guides the liquid in the external tank 23 to the water tank 11A.

  The introduction passage 21 is preferably inclined downward in the direction from the external tank 23 (specifically, the sluice 22) toward the water tank 11A in order to guide the liquid from the external tank 23 to the water tank 11A. In other words, the introduction passage 21 may be formed such that the connection portion between the introduction passage 21 and the external tank 23 (water gate 22) is disposed at a relatively higher position than the connection portion between the introduction passage 21 and the water tank 11A. desirable. Since the introduction passage 21 is inclined downward, the liquid flows in the downward direction shown in FIG.

  In addition, when the liquid of a predetermined amount or more is introduced into the introduction passage 21 to guide the liquid toward the water tank 11A, the introduction passage 21 may not have an inclination.

<Sluice 22>
The sluice 22 starts or stops introducing liquid from the outside of the desalination apparatus 10E (here, the external tank 23) to the water tank 11 by opening and closing. More specifically, the sluice 22 is provided in the introduction passage 21 and adjusts the amount of liquid (introduction amount) introduced into the water tank 11 through the introduction passage 21.

  In the example shown in FIG. 14, the sluice 22 adjusts the flow rate of the liquid between the water tank 11 and the external tank 23 in which the liquid is stored. The sluice 22 opens to introduce liquid from the external tank 23 into the water tank 11 through the introduction passage 21. By closing the sluice 22, the introduction of the liquid from the external tank 23 to the water tank 11 through the introduction passage 22 is stopped. The sluice 22 may be opened and closed by a user or the like, for example, or may be controlled by a control device or the like.

  The control device may control opening and closing of the sluice 22 according to information input from a user or the like using an input unit (not shown). Here, the input unit is, for example, a touch panel, a keyboard, a cursor, a microphone, or the like. The information input by the user or the like to the input unit is, for example, information indicating an instruction to open the sluice 22 or information indicating an instruction to close the sluice 22.

<External tank 23>
The external tank 23 is, for example, a sea, a pretreatment tank for storing seawater introduced from the sea, or a tank in which salt water supplied separately is stored.

  In addition, when performing desalination processing with the desalination system 20F shown in FIG. 14, the liquid is poured into the water tank 11 from the external tank 23 through the water gate 22 and the introduction passage 21, and the liquid layer 15 is formed on the upper surface of the water-repellent particle layer 13. Form.

<Liquefaction layer 14D>
In the present modification, the liquefied layer 14D is provided in the basement, such as a recess dug in the ground, and is directly connected to the pumping station 32F.

  Similarly to the liquefied layers 14A and 14B in the embodiment, the liquefied layer 14D is filled with a plurality of water-conducting particles that guide fresh water obtained by liquefaction to the pumping station 32F.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the particle diameters of the plurality of water guide particles constituting the liquefied layer 14 </ b> D become smaller as they approach the pumping field 32 </ b> F from the center or the center. In other words, the liquefied layer 14D is filled with a plurality of water-conducting particles that have a particle size that becomes smaller as they are closer to the pumping field 32F). Thereby, fresh water can be supplied (pumped water) to the pumping station 32F by capillary force.

  Other configurations are the same as those described with reference to FIG.

<Pump 32F>
The pumping field 32F is provided at a position below the cultivating field 33 and pumps fresh water introduced from the liquefied layer 14D. As shown in FIG. 14, the pumping site 32 </ b> F of the present modification has an area larger than that of the cultivating site 33 as viewed from above, compared with the pumping site 32 </ b> B shown in FIG. 6.

  In addition, the pumping station 32F distributes the fresh water from the liquefied layer 14D to the entire bottom of the water guide station (water transfer), so that the lower surface (bottom surface) of the pumped station 32F has a gradient that increases as it approaches the liquefied layer 14D. . That is, the lower surface of the pumping station 32F is inclined upward in the direction from the liquefied layer 14D toward the pumping station 32F. Since the bottom surface of the pumping station 32F is inclined upward, fresh water from the liquefied layer 14D can be spread over the entire bottom of the water guiding field 32F (water guiding). Thereby, the pumping station 32F can pump fresh water with respect to the whole bottom part of the cultivation field 33.

  Other configurations are the same as those described in the basic configuration, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, according to the desalination system according to one aspect of the present invention, the growing method using the desalination system, and the desalination apparatus, the fresh water of the liquefied layer can be guided to the pumping station by capillary force. Equipment that uses power, such as a pump, can be omitted.

  The desalination systems 20 and 20A to 20F described in the present embodiment can be realized not only as a system but also as desalination apparatuses 10A, 10B, and 10F shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C, for example. .

  Here, FIG. 15A-FIG. 15C are figures which show an example of a structure of the desalination apparatus in this Embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Moreover, between the water tank 11 (11A) and the water-repellent particle layer 13, a structure such as a film that allows liquid or water vapor to pass therethrough may be disposed. Moreover, between the water repellent particle layer 13 and the liquefied layer 14A to liquefied layer 14D, a structure such as a film that allows water vapor to pass therethrough may be disposed.

  Moreover, although the example which obtains fresh water from salt water is mainly demonstrated, it is not restricted to the case of salt water. For example, when distilled water (fresh water) is obtained from wastewater or the like in which a chemical substance is dissolved instead of salt water, the chemical substance dissolved in the liquid can be reduced similarly. Therefore, the above-described desalination system and desalination apparatus can remove impurities dissolved in the liquid.

  As mentioned above, although the desalination system which concerns on the one or more aspect of this invention, the growth method using the same, and the desalination apparatus were demonstrated based on embodiment, this invention is based on this embodiment. It is not limited. Unless it deviates from the gist of the present invention, one or more of the present invention may be applied to various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, or forms constructed by combining components in different embodiments. It may be included within the scope of the embodiments.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a desalination system that desalinates seawater or distills impurities that can be precipitated as a salt, a growing method using the desalination system, and a desalination apparatus.

10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E Desalination apparatus 11, 11A Water tank 12 Container 12a Upper side wall 12b Lower side wall 12c Bottom plate 13 Water-repellent particle layer 14, 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E, 14F Liquefaction layer 15 Liquid layer 16 Fresh water 17 Reservoir outlet 18 Lid 20, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20E, 20F Desalination system 21 Introduction passage 22 Sluice 23 External tank 26 Drainage passage 27 Discharge valve 28 Water quantity control device 31, 31B Conveyance layer 32, 32A , 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E Pumping station 33, 33A Cultivation field 321 Capillary force

Claims (13)

A desalination device for obtaining fresh water from a liquid;
A pumping station for pumping the fresh water,
The desalination apparatus is:
A water-repellent particle layer that is located under a water tank having a space for storing the liquid, and is composed of a plurality of water-repellent particles;
A liquefied layer that is located under the water repellent particle layer and obtains the fresh water by liquefying water vapor that has passed through the water repellent particle layer;
In the first position of the upper boundary of the liquefied layer, a drain outlet is formed for draining the fresh water having a water level equal to or higher than the first position.
The liquefied layer is filled with a plurality of water guiding particles that guide the fresh water to the pumping station,
The particle diameter of the plurality of water guiding particles becomes smaller as it approaches the pumping station,
Desalination system. The lower surface of the liquefied layer has a gradient that decreases as it approaches the pumping station,
The desalination system according to claim 1. The lower surface of the pumping station has a gradient that increases as it approaches the liquefied layer,
The desalination system according to claim 1 or 2. The pumping station is provided around the desalination apparatus as viewed from above.
The desalination system according to claim 1 or 2. The shape of the desalination apparatus is substantially circular as seen from above.
The desalination system according to claim 4. The shape of the desalination apparatus is substantially rectangular when viewed from above.
The desalination system according to claim 4. The desalination apparatus is provided around the pumping station as viewed from above.
The desalination system according to claim 1 or 2. The shape of the pumping station is substantially circular as seen from above.
The desalination system according to claim 7. The shape of the pumping station is substantially rectangular when viewed from above,
The desalination system according to claim 7. The area when the liquefied layer is viewed from above is larger than the area when the water tank and the water repellent particle layer are viewed from above.
The desalination system of any one of Claims 1-9. A growing method using the desalination system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
Introducing the liquid into the liquid storage layer and disposing the liquid on the water repellent particle layer;
Evaporating the liquid disposed on the water repellent particle layer by heating to generate water vapor;
Obtaining the fresh water by liquefying the water vapor in the liquefied layer;
Directing the fresh water to the pumping station by capillary force;
Pumping fresh water introduced to the pumping station,
Training method. On the pumping site, a cultivation site for growing plants is provided,
In the step of pumping, the fresh water guided to the pumping station is pumped to the cultivation site,
The training method according to claim 11. A desalination apparatus for obtaining fresh water from a liquid,
A water-repellent particle layer that is located under a water tank having a space for storing the liquid, and is composed of a plurality of water-repellent particles;
A liquefied layer that is located under the water repellent particle layer and obtains the fresh water by liquefying water vapor that has passed through the water repellent particle layer;
The first position of the upper boundary of the liquefied layer is provided with a drain outlet for draining the fresh water stored at a water level higher than the first position,
The liquefied layer is filled with a plurality of water guiding particles for guiding the fresh water to the outside,
The particle diameter of the plurality of water guiding particles becomes smaller as approaching the outside,
Desalination equipment.

Images