JP2014188477A - Biological contact filter medium, biological contact filtration device, and method for producing biological contact filter medium - Google Patents
Biological contact filter medium, biological contact filtration device, and method for producing biological contact filter medium Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、浄水処理システムにおいて使用される生物接触ろ過材、生物接触ろ過装置および生物接触ろ過材の製造方法に関し、より詳しくは、微生物を付着増殖させたろ過材に原水を接触させることにより水中のアンモニア態窒素や溶解性鉄、マンガン、濁度などを除去する生物接触ろ過材、この生物接触ろ過材を備えた生物接触ろ過装置およびこの生物接触ろ過材を製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a biological contact filter medium, a biological contact filter device and a method for producing a biological contact filter medium used in a water purification treatment system, and more specifically, by bringing raw water into contact with a filter medium on which microorganisms are attached and grown. The present invention relates to a biological contact filter that removes ammonia nitrogen, soluble iron, manganese, turbidity, and the like, a biological contact filter equipped with the biological contact filter, and a method for producing the biological contact filter.
近年、水道原水の水質悪化に伴い高度浄水処理の導入を検討する水道事業体が多くなっている。アンモニア態窒素が水中に存在すると浄水処理の消毒プロセスにおいて塩素剤の消費量が著しく増大するため、薬材使用量削減を目的として生物処理が導入される。高度浄水処理のひとつである生物処理は、担体の表面に微生物が付着して形成される生物膜と原水を接触させることで、生物酸化を利用して原水中のアンモニア態窒素や鉄、マンガン、臭気を除去する。生物膜にはアンモニア態窒素を硝酸態窒素に硝化させる硝化菌や、溶解性の鉄、マンガンを酸化させる鉄酸化細菌が増殖する。生物処理としては浸漬ろ床方式、回転円板方式、生物接触ろ過方式が挙げられるが、生物接触ろ過方式は装置の設置面積を最も小さくできるというメリットがある。 In recent years, with the deterioration of water quality of tap water, there are an increasing number of water utilities that consider the introduction of advanced water purification treatment. When ammonia nitrogen is present in water, the consumption of chlorinating agent is significantly increased in the disinfection process of water purification treatment, and biological treatment is introduced for the purpose of reducing the amount of chemicals used. Biological treatment, one of the advanced water purification treatments, uses bio-oxidation to bring ammonia nitrogen, iron, manganese, Remove odor. Nitrifying bacteria that nitrify ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen and iron-oxidizing bacteria that oxidize soluble iron and manganese grow on the biofilm. Biological treatment includes an immersion filter bed method, a rotating disk method, and a biological contact filtration method. The biological contact filtration method has the advantage that the installation area of the apparatus can be minimized.
生物接触ろ過方式は、生物を保持するためのろ過材に原水を直接流下させ処理を行なうものであり、短時間の処理で優れた原水水質改善効果が得られる。従来はろ過材としてアンスラサイトや珪砂が使用されてきたが、ろ過通水速度を大きくできる生物接触ろ過材として、図８に示すようなポリエステル製球状繊維ろ過材(20)が実用化されている（非特許文献１、特許文献１など）。
The biological contact filtration method is a method in which raw water is directly flowed down to a filter medium for holding living organisms, and an excellent raw water quality improvement effect can be obtained in a short time treatment. Conventionally, anthracite or silica sand has been used as a filter medium, but a polyester spherical fiber filter medium (20) as shown in FIG. 8 has been put to practical use as a biological contact filter medium capable of increasing the filtration water flow rate. (Non-patent
実用化されているポリエステル製球状繊維ろ過材は、ろ過材を構成する繊維間の空隙が大きいため、従来のアンスラサイトなどの生物接触ろ過材よりもろ過抵抗が小さく、ろ過速度を上げることが可能である。しかし、ろ過材の空隙が大きすぎる、すなわち、ろ層を構成する糸の量が少なすぎたので、安定した濁質除去性能を得るためにはアンスラサイト等よりも高いろ過材層高を必要としていた。珪砂やアンスラサイトの場合は６００ｍｍから１０００ｍｍのろ過材層高であったが、ポリエステル製球状繊維ろ過材を充填した生物接触ろ過装置のろ過材層高は２０００ｍｍが必要であった。また、ポリエステル製球状繊維ろ過材は原料化学繊維を熱融着していなかったので、ろ層の洗浄時に繊維ろ過材から短繊維が外れてろ過材が損耗するという欠点もあったことから、ろ過材層高を低くでき、かつろ過精度が高く、耐久性のある繊維ろ過材が必要とされてきた。 Polyester spherical fiber filter media that have been put to practical use have large gaps between the fibers that make up the filter media, so the filtration resistance is lower than conventional contact materials such as anthracite and the filtration rate can be increased. It is. However, the gap of the filter medium is too large, that is, the amount of yarn constituting the filter layer is too small, so a higher filter medium layer height than anthracite is required to obtain stable turbidity removal performance. It was. In the case of silica sand or anthracite, the height of the filter medium layer was 600 mm to 1000 mm, but the height of the filter medium layer of the biological contact filter filled with the spherical fiber filter medium made of polyester was 2000 mm. In addition, since the spherical fiber filter material made of polyester did not heat-seal the raw chemical fiber, there was also a disadvantage that the short fiber was detached from the fiber filter material when the filter layer was washed and the filter material was worn out. There has been a need for a fiber filter medium that can reduce the material layer height, has high filtration accuracy, and is durable.
本発明者らは鋭意検討し、化学繊維を原料とした生物接触ろ過材において、原料化学繊維の捲縮構造が製品ろ過材の空隙率に大きく関与していることを解明し、さらにろ過材単位体積当たりの重量と原料化学繊維の側面積が生物処理に関わる生物保持のために重要な要素であることを究明した。 The present inventors have intensively studied, and in biological contact filter media made from chemical fibers, elucidated that the crimped structure of the raw chemical fibers is greatly involved in the porosity of the product filter media, and further, the filter media unit It was clarified that the weight per volume and the side area of the raw chemical fiber are important factors for biological preservation related to biological treatment.
本発明にかかる生物接触ろ過材は、化学繊維を原料として製造した生物接触ろ過材であって、原料化学繊維が、熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する化学繊維と、熱融着性の化学繊維とを含有しており、該原料化学繊維を熱によって成形したものであることを特徴とするものである。 The biological contact filter material according to the present invention is a biological contact filter material manufactured using chemical fiber as a raw material, and the raw chemical fiber is chemically bonded with a chemical fiber that develops crimp by heat treatment, and a heat-fusible chemical. The raw material chemical fiber is formed by heat.
捲縮を発現する化学繊維では、繊維がばねのように捲縮していることで、成形後のろ過材構造を立体化でき、空隙率を大きくでき、このような化学繊維を含有していることで、成形したろ過材のろ過抵抗を小さく、ろ過速度を上げることができる。 In a chemical fiber that develops crimps, the fiber is crimped like a spring, so that the filter medium structure after molding can be three-dimensionalized, the porosity can be increased, and such chemical fibers are contained. Thus, the filtration resistance of the formed filter medium can be reduced, and the filtration rate can be increased.
「捲縮を発現する」および「熱融着性」を兼ね備えている化学繊維では、捲縮を発現する熱融着性化学繊維のみで製造することが可能であり、これ以外の場合として、捲縮を発現する熱融着性でない化学繊維と、捲縮を発現しない熱融着性化学繊維とが組み合わされる場合があり、また、捲縮を発現する熱融着性化学繊維と、捲縮を発現しない熱融着性化学繊維とが組み合わされる場合がある。 Chemical fibers that have both “crimping” and “heat-fusible” properties can be produced only with heat-fusible chemical fibers that have crimped properties. In some cases, a non-heat-sealable chemical fiber that exhibits crimp and a heat-sealable chemical fiber that does not exhibit crimp are combined, and a heat-sealable chemical fiber that exhibits crimp and a crimp. In some cases, it is combined with a heat-fusible chemical fiber that does not develop.
捲縮のない熱融着性の化学繊維のみを熱融着して成形した場合、化学繊維同士が密着して太い糸になったり、糸が固まって樹脂化したりするので原料化学繊維の側面積が小さくなり、ろ過材の空隙率も著しく低くなってしまうという問題がある。熱融着性の化学繊維は、ろ過材の立体骨組みとなる捲縮を発現する化学繊維同士を接着する機能を有しており、該原料化学繊維を熱によって成形することで、成形物すなわちろ過材が立体的に成形されて嵩高くなり、ろ過材層高を低くでき、かつろ過精度が高く、耐久性のあるろ過材が得られる。 When only heat-bondable chemical fibers without crimping are heat-sealed, the chemical fibers adhere to each other to form thick yarns, or the yarns solidify into resin, so the side area of the raw chemical fibers And the porosity of the filter medium is significantly reduced. The heat-fusible chemical fiber has a function of adhering the chemical fibers that express crimps that form a three-dimensional framework of the filter medium. By molding the raw chemical fiber with heat, a molded product, that is, a filtration product is obtained. The material is three-dimensionally shaped and bulky, and the height of the filter medium layer can be lowered, and the filter medium with high filtration accuracy and durability can be obtained.
捲縮を発現する化学繊維の捲縮数は、１０以上であることが好ましい。 The number of crimps of the chemical fiber that develops crimps is preferably 10 or more.
捲縮数とは、ＪＩＳ Ｌ１０１５ ８．１２．１に基づき測定、算出したものであり、捲縮数１０以上とは、繊維長２５ｍｍあたりに存在する捲縮の山部分の数が１０以上あることを意味する。捲縮数の上限値は、特に限定されるものではなく、捲縮数は、使用する化学繊維の材料の特性や化学繊維を製造する装置の仕様などに応じて、１０以上の適宜な値に設置される。 The number of crimps is measured and calculated based on JIS L1015 8.12.1. The number of crimps of 10 or more means that the number of crimped crests existing per fiber length of 25 mm is 10 or more. Means. The upper limit of the number of crimps is not particularly limited, and the number of crimps is an appropriate value of 10 or more depending on the characteristics of the chemical fiber material used, the specifications of the apparatus for manufacturing the chemical fiber, and the like. Installed.
本発明に係る生物接触ろ過材は、その原料化学繊維として、捲縮を発現する化学繊維を３０重量％以上、熱融着性の化学繊維を５０重量％以上含有していることが好ましい。捲縮を発現する化学繊維は、熱融着性を有していてもよいし、有していなくてもよいし、また、熱融着性の化学繊維は、捲縮を発現するものであってもよいし、発現しないものであってもよいが、ろ過材全体として、捲縮を発現する化学繊維を３０重量％以上、熱融着性の化学繊維を５０重量％以上含有しているものとされることが好ましい。 The biological contact filter according to the present invention preferably contains 30% by weight or more of chemical fibers that develop crimps and 50% by weight or more of chemically fusible chemical fibers as the raw chemical fibers. A chemical fiber that develops crimps may or may not have heat-fusibility, and a chemical fiber that exhibits crimps is one that produces crimps. The filter medium as a whole may contain 30% by weight or more of chemical fibers that develop crimps and 50% by weight or more of chemical fibers that are heat-fusible. It is preferable that
このような含有比率とすることで、適正な空隙率を有する生物接触ろ過材を得ることができる。 By setting it as such a content ratio, the biological contact filter material which has a suitable porosity can be obtained.
本発明に係る生物接触ろ過材は、単位体積当たりの重量が１２０ｋｇ／ｍ3以上２５０ｋｇ／ｍ3以下であって、単位体積当たりに含まれる該原料化学繊維の側面積が、２４，０００ｍ2／ｍ3以上であることがより好ましい。 The biological contact filter according to the present invention has a weight per unit volume of 120 kg / m 3 or more and 250 kg / m 3 or less, and the side area of the raw chemical fiber contained per unit volume is 24,000 m 2 / More preferably, it is m 3 or more.
単位体積当たりの重量が３００ｋｇ／ｍ3以上になると、ろ過装置の洗浄工程で、ろ過材を流動させて洗浄するときに、動力が大きくなり、不適当となる。単位体積当たりの重量が小さすぎると、浮上ろ過材となって十分なろ過性能が得られないので、下限は１２０ｋｇ／ｍ3とされる。より好ましい範囲は、１６０ｋｇ／ｍ3以上２２０ｋｇ／ｍ3以下である。 When the weight per unit volume is 300 kg / m 3 or more, power is increased when the filter medium is washed by flowing it in the washing step of the filtration device, which is inappropriate. If the weight per unit volume is too small, it becomes a flotation filter material and sufficient filtration performance cannot be obtained, so the lower limit is 120 kg / m 3 . A more preferable range is 160 kg / m 3 or more and 220 kg / m 3 or less.
原料化学繊維の側面積については、従来品が１２，０００ｍ2／ｍ3程度であり、従来品の約２倍以上の側面積とすることで、従来品の半分の量のろ過材であっても十分な処理ができる。 The side area of the raw chemical fiber is about 12,000 m 2 / m 3 for the conventional product. By setting the side area to about twice or more that of the conventional product, the amount of filter media is half that of the conventional product. Can be processed sufficiently.
熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する化学繊維は、芯成分がポリエステル、鞘成分がポリエチレンである生物分解性のない芯鞘構造の化学繊維が好ましく、これを含有する原料化学繊維を成形するために、原料化学繊維を加熱しながら撚りをかけることが好ましい。 The chemical fiber that develops crimps by heat treatment is preferably a non-biodegradable core-sheath chemical fiber whose core component is polyester and whose sheath component is polyethylene, in order to form a raw chemical fiber containing this It is preferable to twist the raw chemical fiber while heating it.
撚りを掛けることにより、繊維同士の接着を強固にすることができる。また、このようにすることにより、ろ過材内部の空隙構造がストロー状になるのを防ぐことができ、ストロー内部に生息していた有用な微生物の死滅に至るという問題を解消することができる。 By applying the twist, the adhesion between the fibers can be strengthened. Moreover, by doing in this way, it can prevent that the space | gap structure inside a filter medium becomes a straw shape, and can solve the problem of leading to the killing of the useful microorganisms which inhabited the inside of a straw.
生物接触ろ過材の形状は、略円柱状で、該略円柱の直径に対する長さの比が０．８から１．３であることが好ましい。該略円柱の体積は、３０ｍｍ3から１５０ｍｍ3であることがより好ましい。 The shape of the biological contact filter medium is preferably a substantially cylindrical shape, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical shape is preferably 0.8 to 1.3. The volume of the substantially circular cylinder is more preferably 30 mm 3 to 150 mm 3 .
このようにすると、生物接触ろ過材を生物接触ろ過装置に密に充填することができる。 If it does in this way, a biological contact filtration material can be closely packed in a biological contact filtration apparatus.
本発明に係る生物接触ろ過装置は、地下水を原水として浄水処理する生物接触ろ過装置であって、上記のいずれかに記載の生物接触ろ過材が充填されていることを特徴とするものである。 The biological contact filtration device according to the present invention is a biological contact filtration device that purifies groundwater as raw water and is filled with the biological contact filtration material described above.
このようにすると、従来の球状繊維ろ過材を充填した生物接触ろ過装置よりも低いろ過材層高で、地下水に含まれるアンモニア態窒素を硝化することができる。また、従来の球状繊維ろ過材を充填した生物接触ろ過装置よりも単位体積当たりに有用な微生物を多く保持することができ、ろ過材層高を低くできる。 If it does in this way, the ammonia nitrogen contained in groundwater can be nitrified with the filter medium layer height lower than the biological contact filtration apparatus filled with the conventional spherical fiber filter medium. In addition, more useful microorganisms can be retained per unit volume than the biological contact filtration device filled with the conventional spherical fiber filter material, and the filter material layer height can be lowered.
本発明による生物接触ろ過材の製造方法（第１の形態）は、上記の生物接触ろ過材を製造する方法であって、熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する化学繊維および熱融着性の化学繊維を混綿してシート状にする工程と、シート状にした混綿化学繊維を熱ロールの間を通して熱融着させることでサーマルボンド不織布を製造する工程と、不織布を所定幅となるように裁断してロールに巻き取る工程と、巻き取られた不織布を引き出しながら撚りを掛けて加熱成形する工程とを含んでいることを特徴とするものである。 A method for producing a biological contact filter material according to the present invention (first embodiment) is a method for producing the above-mentioned biological contact filter material, which is a chemical fiber that develops crimps by heat treatment and a heat-fusible filter. A process of blending chemical fibers into a sheet, a process of manufacturing a thermal bond nonwoven fabric by heat-sealing the blended cotton chemical fibers in a sheet form through a heat roll, and cutting the nonwoven fabric to a predetermined width Then, the method includes a step of winding around a roll, and a step of twisting while heating the wound non-woven fabric and heat forming.
本発明による生物接触ろ過材の製造方法（第２の形態）は、上記の生物接触ろ過材を製造する方法であって、熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する化学繊維および熱融着性の化学繊維を混綿して紡績用カード機にかける工程と、紡績用カード機にかけた混綿化学繊維を練条機を通して引き揃えたスライバー状の繊維束とする工程と、スライバー状の繊維束に撚りをかけて加熱成形する工程とを含んでいることを特徴とするものである。 A method for producing a biological contact filter material according to the present invention (second embodiment) is a method for producing the above-mentioned biological contact filter material, which is a chemical fiber that develops crimps by heat treatment and a heat-fusible filter. A process of blending chemical fibers and applying them to a spinning card machine, a process of making mixed cotton chemical fibers applied to a spinning card machine into a sliver-like fiber bundle aligned through a drawing machine, and twisting a sliver-like fiber bundle And a step of heat forming.
本発明に係る生物接触ろ過材によれば、上記のように、成形物すなわち繊維ろ過材が立体的に成形され、嵩高くなる。繊維がばねのように捲縮していることで、成形後の繊維ろ過材構造を立体化でき、空隙率を大きくできるので、成形したろ過材のろ過抵抗を小さく、ろ過速度を上げることができる。また、従来品よりも細くて軽い糸を多量にろ過材層に充填することができるので、ろ過材層高を低くすることができる。 According to the biological contact filter medium according to the present invention, as described above, the molded product, that is, the fiber filter medium, is three-dimensionally formed and becomes bulky. Since the fiber is crimped like a spring, the structure of the fiber filter material after molding can be three-dimensionalized and the porosity can be increased, so that the filtration resistance of the formed filter material can be reduced and the filtration rate can be increased. . In addition, since the filter medium layer can be filled with a larger amount of finer and lighter threads than the conventional product, the height of the filter medium layer can be lowered.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明に係る生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)は、化学繊維を原料として製造した生物接触ろ過材であって、原料化学繊維が、熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する化学繊維と、熱融着性の化学繊維とを含有しており、該原料化学繊維を熱によって成形したものであり、図１および図２に示すように、形状が略円柱状である。該略円柱の体積は、３０ｍｍ3から１５０ｍｍ3である。また、該略円柱の直径に対する長さの比は、０．８から１．３までとされている。これにより、嵩密度（単位体積当たりの重量）が１２０ｋｇ／ｍ3以上２５０ｋｇ／ｍ3となるように充填することができる。 The biological contact filter material according to the present invention (1) (2) is a biological contact filter material produced using chemical fiber as a raw material, the raw chemical fiber is a chemical fiber that develops crimps by heat treatment, It contains heat-fusible chemical fibers, and the raw chemical fibers are molded by heat. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shape is substantially cylindrical. The volume of the substantially circular cylinder is 30 mm 3 to 150 mm 3 . The ratio of the length to the diameter of the substantially circular cylinder is 0.8 to 1.3. Thereby, it can be filled so that the bulk density (weight per unit volume) is 120 kg / m 3 or more and 250 kg / m 3 .
図１に示す生物接触ろ過材(1)は、不織布シートを撚って作ったものであり、図２に示す生物接触ろ過材(2)は、スライバーにした繊維束を撚って作ったものである。 The biological contact filter material (1) shown in FIG. 1 is made by twisting a non-woven sheet, and the biocontact filter material (2) shown in FIG. 2 is made by twisting a sliver bundle. It is.
本発明の生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)は、化学繊維を原料として製造する。化学繊維のなかでも微生物によって生物分解されにくい化学繊維を用いることで、生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)の寿命を長くすることができる。脂肪族ポリエステルやセルロース系繊維には生分解性があり、廃水や下水に比較して有機物汚濁の少ない水道原水をろ過するような場合、すなわち浄水処理においては、微生物の基質としてろ過材自身の繊維成分が利用されてしまう場合があるので不適当である。 The biological contact filter media (1) and (2) of the present invention are produced using chemical fibers as raw materials. Among chemical fibers, the use of chemical fibers that are hardly biodegraded by microorganisms can prolong the life of the biological contact filter media (1) and (2). Aliphatic polyester and cellulosic fibers are biodegradable, and when filtering raw water with less organic pollution compared to wastewater and sewage, that is, in water purification treatment, the fibers of the filter medium itself as a substrate for microorganisms. This is inappropriate because the component may be used.
また、本発明の生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)は、原料化学繊維として熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する捲縮数１０以上の化学繊維を３０重量％以上、熱融着性の化学繊維を５０重量％以上含有している。熱融着性化学繊維の含有率が多いほど強固な生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)が成形できる。熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する捲縮数１０以上の化学繊維でかつ熱融着性化学繊維を使用すれば熱融着性化学繊維を１００％とすることができるので最も望ましい。 In addition, the biological contact filter material (1) (2) of the present invention is 30% by weight or more of heat-bondable chemical fibers having a number of crimps of 10 or more that develop crimps by applying heat treatment as a raw chemical fiber. Contains 50% by weight or more of chemical fiber. The greater the content of the heat-fusible chemical fiber, the stronger the biocontact filter medium (1) (2) can be formed. It is most desirable to use a heat-fusible chemical fiber having a number of crimps of 10 or more that develops crimps by heat treatment because the heat-fusible chemical fiber can be 100%.
生物接触ろ過材を最密に充填する理想のろ過材形状は球状であるが、捲縮を有する繊維でろ過材を球状に成形することが困難である。球状でなければ、次に適当な形状は略円柱状で、直径に対する長さの比が１に近いもの（０．８から１．３まで）とすることで、球状のろ過材と同程度の充填とすることができる。立方体や直方体の形状の場合、繊維ろ過材に角（かど）が形成される。角のあるろ過材は、ろ過装置の洗浄工程において壁面等と衝突し、角から損耗するので寿命が短くなり、好ましくない。 Although the ideal filter medium shape for packing the biological contact filter medium most closely is spherical, it is difficult to shape the filter medium into a spherical shape with crimped fibers. If it is not spherical, the next suitable shape is approximately cylindrical, and the ratio of length to diameter is close to 1 (from 0.8 to 1.3), which is comparable to that of a spherical filter medium. It can be filled. In the case of a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, corners are formed in the fiber filter material. The filter medium with corners is not preferable because it collides with the wall surface or the like in the cleaning process of the filtration device and wears off from the corners, so that the life is shortened.
熱融着性化学繊維としては、ポリエステルやポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等がある。ポリエステルの比重は１．３８、ポリエチレンの比重は０．９４〜０．９６、ポリプロピレンの比重は０．９１であるから、これらの化学繊維の内でポリエステルを含まない化学繊維のみを原料として使用した場合は、生物接触ろ過材は浮上ろ過材となる。ポリエステルを含む割合を高めることで、生物接触ろ過装置内で好ましく沈降する生物接触ろ過材を製造できる。例えば、ポリエステルを含む割合が５０ｖｏｌ％、ポリエチレンを含む割合が５０ｖｏｌ％の化学繊維を用いることで、沈降ろ過材の製造が可能である。 Examples of the heat-fusible chemical fiber include polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Since the specific gravity of polyester is 1.38, the specific gravity of polyethylene is 0.94 to 0.96, and the specific gravity of polypropylene is 0.91, among these chemical fibers, only chemical fibers not containing polyester are used as raw materials. In this case, the biological contact filter medium becomes a floating filter medium. By increasing the ratio containing polyester, it is possible to produce a biological contact filter material that preferably settles in the biological contact filtration device. For example, it is possible to manufacture a sedimentation filter medium by using chemical fibers having a polyester-containing ratio of 50 vol% and a polyethylene-containing ratio of 50 vol%.
本発明の生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)は単位体積当たりの重量すなわち嵩密度が１２０ｋｇ／ｍ3以上でかつ２５０ｋｇ／ｍ3以下であって、該ろ過材の単位体積当たりに含まれる該原料化学繊維の側面積が、２４，０００ｍ2／ｍ3以上のものである。生物接触ろ過材の嵩密度をＫ、繊維の繊度をＴ、繊維の比重をρとしたとき、生物接触ろ過材１ｍ3当たりに含まれる該原料化学繊維の側面積Ａは下記式１で表される。
The biological contact filter medium (1) (2) of the present invention has a weight per unit volume, that is, a bulk density of 120 kg / m 3 or more and 250 kg / m 3 or less, and is contained per unit volume of the filter medium. The side area of the raw chemical fiber is 24,000 m 2 / m 3 or more. When the bulk density of the biological contact filter material is K, the fineness of the fiber is T, and the specific gravity of the fiber is ρ, the side area A of the raw chemical fiber contained per 1 m 3 of the biological contact filter material is expressed by the following
Ａ（ｍ2／ｍ3）＝ ２００ ＊ π0.5 ＊ Ｋ ＊ Ｔ-0.5 ＊ ρ-0.5 （１）
本式より、嵩密度が大きく、繊度が小さく、繊維の比重が小さい方が側面積Ａを大きくできることが分かる。しかしながら、嵩密度を大きくしすぎれば生物接触ろ過装置に対するろ過材重量負荷が大きくなり、ろ過装置の洗浄工程における必要エネルギーが大きくなってしまうので、ランニングコストの上昇を招くため好ましくない。繊度を小さくしすぎれば（例えば２ｄｔｅｘ未満）、繊維自体の強度が弱くなり、切れやすくなるのでろ過材の寿命を短くしてしまう。比重を小さくしすぎれば、ろ過材は浮上ろ過材となってしまい、生物接触ろ過材として安定した濁質除去性能を得ることが困難となる。生物接触ろ過材に対するこれらの限定条件を満たすろ過材(1)(2)は、すなわち、嵩密度が１２０ｋｇ／ｍ3以上でかつ２５０ｋｇ／ｍ3であって、該ろ過材の単位体積当たりに含まれる該原料化学繊維の側面積が、２４，０００ｍ2／ｍ3以上のものである。
A (m 2 / m 3) = 200 * π 0.5 * K * T -0.5 * ρ -0.5 (1)
From this equation, it can be seen that the side area A can be increased when the bulk density is large, the fineness is small, and the specific gravity of the fiber is small. However, if the bulk density is excessively increased, the weight load of the filter medium on the biological contact filtration device is increased, and the required energy in the washing process of the filtration device is increased, which is not preferable because the running cost is increased. If the fineness is too small (for example, less than 2 dtex), the strength of the fiber itself is weakened and easily cut, so the life of the filter medium is shortened. If the specific gravity is too small, the filter medium becomes a floating filter medium, and it becomes difficult to obtain stable turbidity removal performance as a biological contact filter medium. The filter media (1) and (2) satisfying these limitation conditions for the biological contact filter media, that is, the bulk density is 120 kg / m 3 or more and 250 kg / m 3 , and is included per unit volume of the filter media. The side surface area of the raw chemical fiber is 24,000 m 2 / m 3 or more.
次に、図１に示した生物接触ろ過材(1)の製造法について説明する。まず、熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する捲縮数１０以上の化学繊維を３０重量％以上と、熱融着性の化学繊維を５０重量％以上とを十分に混綿後、シート状にする。熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する捲縮数１０以上の熱融着性化学繊維のみで製造する場合は、開繊した単一の綿でシート状にする。これを熱ロールの間を通して熱融着させることでサーマルボンド不織布を製造する。飲料水を製造する高度浄水処理に用いるろ過材であるため、不織布を構成する化学繊維の接着方法は、サーマルボンド法が好ましい。サーマルボンド法の不織布では、ろ過材からのほぐれ糸の流出がなく、接着剤等の薬品使用もないため安全である。この不織布を１５０〜３００ｍｍ幅となるように裁断し、ロールに巻き取る。次に、この不織布を引き出しながら仮撚り装置で回転させて撚りを掛けながら再度加熱する。撚りを固定するための加熱法は、熱融着性繊維の融点より２０〜５０℃高い熱風を繊維束に吹き掛けることにより行う。撚りと加熱によって生物接触ろ過材(1)の繊維同士の熱融着を強固にするためには、ろ過材１個当たりの撚り数が０．１回以上あることが好ましく、０．２回以上がより好ましい。ろ過材１個当たりの撚り数は、不織布を引き出す速度と１分あたりに撚りを掛ける回数とろ過材の長さから求められる。不織布を引き出す速度を１ｍ／ｍｉｎとし、撚りを１分間に５０回かけた場合、不織布１ｍあたりの撚り数が５０回となる。ろ過材の長さが５ｍｍになるよう切断することで、生物接触ろ過材(1)の１個当たりの撚り数は０．２５回にできる。撚りが少ないろ過材、あるいは撚りのないろ過材では、円柱を切り出す際に繊維束がつぶれて、断面が略円ではなく楕円や三日月のような形になるので、略円柱状を保つことが難しい。つぶれたろ過材は均一に融着せず、熱融着が十分な部分と不十分な部分が発生し、強度が劣ったろ過材となるので好ましくない。
Next, the manufacturing method of the biological contact filter material (1) shown in FIG. 1 is demonstrated. First, 30% by weight or more of chemical fibers having a number of crimps of 10 or more that develops crimps by applying heat treatment and 50% by weight or more of heat-fusible chemical fibers are sufficiently mixed and formed into a sheet shape. . In the case of manufacturing only with heat-fusible chemical fibers having a number of crimps of 10 or more that develop crimps by applying heat treatment, a sheet is formed with a single opened cotton. A thermal bond nonwoven fabric is produced by thermally fusing this through a hot roll. Since it is a filter medium used for advanced water purification treatment for producing drinking water, a thermal bond method is preferable as a method for bonding chemical fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric. Thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics are safe because there is no loose yarn outflow from the filter media and no chemicals such as adhesives are used. This nonwoven fabric is cut to a width of 150 to 300 mm and wound on a roll. Next, the nonwoven fabric is pulled out and rotated by a false twisting device and heated again while being twisted. The heating method for fixing the twist is performed by blowing
次に本発明の図２に示した生物接触ろ過材(2)の製造法について説明する。本生物接触ろ過材は、熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する捲縮数１０以上の化学繊維を３０重量％以上、熱融着性の化学繊維を５０重量％以上を十分に混綿した綿を紡績用カード機にかけ、さらに練条機を通して引き揃えたスライバー状の繊維束としたものに撚りをかけた繊維束を、加熱成形する方法によって製造できる。捲縮数１０以上でかつ熱融着性化学繊維のみで製造する場合は、ほぐした単一の綿でスライバー状の繊維束を作ればよい。スライバー状の繊維束からろ過材を製造する場合、繊維束を仮撚り装置で回転しながら熱雰囲気中を引き取ることで撚りを掛け、熱雰囲気中から引き出された繊維束を冷却装置によって急冷し、撚りを固定することができる。成形のための熱処理を一段で行うので、加熱温度は熱融着性繊維の融点より高く、かつ熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する化学繊維が捲縮する温度よりも高い温度が適当である。
Next, the manufacturing method of the biological contact filter material (2) shown in FIG. 2 of this invention is demonstrated. This biological contact filter material is made of a cotton blended with 30% by weight or more of chemical fibers having a number of crimps of 10 or more and 50% by weight or more of heat-fusible chemical fibers that develop crimps by heat treatment. A fiber bundle in which a sliver-like fiber bundle that has been drawn through a spinning card machine and then drawn through a drawing machine is twisted can be manufactured by a method of thermoforming. In the case of producing only the number of
上記の生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)の製造法において、原料化学繊維を加熱しながら撚りをかけることにより、繊維同士の接着を強固にすることができる。また、撚りをかけることにより、生物接触ろ過材(1)(2)の内部の空隙構造が、図３に示すようにストロー状になるのを防ぐことができる。ストロー状になったろ過材(10)内部の空隙構造では、生物接触ろ過汚泥がストロー内部に蓄積し、通常の逆洗工程でそれを洗い落とすことが極めて困難である。浄水処理における生物接触ろ過プロセスが溶存酸素を利用する微生物によるものであるにもかかわらず、ストロー内部には水の流れが届かなくなるため溶存酸素の供給が困難になる。結果として、ストロー内部に生息していた有用な微生物の死滅に至るという問題があったが、撚りをかけることでこの問題を解消することができる。 In the method for producing the biological contact filter material (1) and (2), the fiber-to-fiber bonding can be strengthened by applying a twist while heating the raw chemical fiber. Moreover, by applying a twist, it is possible to prevent the void structure inside the biological contact filter (1) (2) from becoming a straw shape as shown in FIG. In the pore structure inside the straw-shaped filter medium (10), biological contact filtration sludge accumulates inside the straw, and it is extremely difficult to wash it off by a normal backwash process. In spite of the fact that the biological contact filtration process in the water purification process is based on microorganisms that use dissolved oxygen, the supply of dissolved oxygen becomes difficult because the flow of water does not reach the inside of the straw. As a result, there was a problem that the useful microorganisms that lived inside the straw were killed, but this problem can be solved by twisting.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to the following Example.
（実施例１）
熱によって捲縮を発現する化学繊維で、かつ熱融着性の化学繊維の芯成分がポリエステル、鞘成分がポリエチレンである芯鞘構造の繊維であって、繊度３．３ｄｔｅｘ、捲縮数１１、長さ５ｃｍのステープルファイバーを開繊し、シート状にした。これを熱ロールの間を通して鞘を構成する低融点成分のポリエチレンを融着させることで熱圧着し、目付２０ｇ／ｍ2のサーマルボンド不織布とした。熱圧着時の加熱温度が１３０℃未満では、熱融着繊維の立体捲縮発現が弱く、嵩高性が低下し、熱融着の度合いが充分でなく、一方、２００℃を超えると立体捲縮がほとんど得られなくなるため、加熱温度は１８０℃とした。この不織布を３００ｍｍ幅となるように裁断し、ロールに巻き取って原料不織布とした。次に、この不織布を連続して引き出しながら仮撚り装置で回転させて撚りを掛け、１８０℃の熱風を吹き掛けて加熱した。ろ過材１個当たりの撚り数は０．３回とした。引き続き、連続で引き出しながら撚りのかかった不織布に冷風をあてて急冷し、形状を安定させた後に長さが５ｍｍになるよう切断し、生物接触ろ過材を製造した。上述の方法によって製造した生物接触ろ過材(1)（図１参照）は、沈降ろ過材で、単位体積当たりの重量が１６０ｋｇ／ｍ3、単位体積当たりに含まれる該原料化学繊維の側面積が、２８，０００ｍ2／ｍ3であった。
Example 1
It is a chemical fiber that develops crimps by heat, and a core-sheath fiber in which the core component of the heat-fusible chemical fiber is polyester and the sheath component is polyethylene, and has a fineness of 3.3 dtex, a crimp number of 11, A staple fiber having a length of 5 cm was opened and formed into a sheet. This was thermocompression bonded by fusing a polyethylene having a low melting point constituting the sheath through a hot roll to obtain a thermal bond nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 20 g / m 2 . If the heating temperature during thermocompression bonding is less than 130 ° C, the three-dimensional crimping of the heat-bonded fiber is weak, the bulkiness is lowered, and the degree of heat-sealing is not sufficient. Was hardly obtained, and the heating temperature was set to 180 ° C. This nonwoven fabric was cut so as to have a width of 300 mm, and wound on a roll to obtain a raw material nonwoven fabric. Next, the nonwoven fabric was continuously pulled out and rotated by a false twisting device to be twisted, and heated by blowing hot air at 180 ° C. The number of twists per filter medium was 0.3. Subsequently, while continuously drawing, the twisted nonwoven fabric was rapidly cooled by applying cold air to stabilize the shape, and then cut to 5 mm in length to produce a biological contact filter. The biological contact filter material (1) (see FIG. 1) produced by the above-mentioned method is a sedimentation filter material, the weight per unit volume is 160 kg / m 3 , and the side area of the raw chemical fiber contained per unit volume is 28,000 m 2 / m 3 .
（実施例２）
熱処理を施すことにより捲縮を発現する熱融着性を有していないポリエステルステープルファイバーであって、繊度６．６ｄｔｅｘ、捲縮数１０、長さ５ｃｍのステープルファイバーを３４％と、熱融着性の化学繊維の芯成分がポリエステル、鞘成分がポリエチレンである芯鞘構造の繊維であって繊度４．４ｄｔｅｘ、長さ５ｃｍのステープルファイバーを３３％と、熱融着性の化学繊維の芯成分がポリエステル、鞘成分がポリエチレンである芯鞘構造の繊維であって繊度７．８ｄｔｅｘ、長さ５ｃｍのステープルファイバーを３３％とを混綿した綿を紡績用カード機にかけ、次いで練条機を通して引き揃えたスライバー状の繊維束とした。これを原料繊維束とし、繊維束を仮撚り装置で回転しながら連続で引取り、熱風による２５０℃の熱雰囲気中で撚りを掛けた。熱雰囲気中から引き出された繊維束を引き続き連続で冷風をあてて急冷し、形状を安定させた後に長さが５ｍｍになるよう切断し、生物接触ろ過材を製造した。上述の方法によって製造した生物接触ろ過材(2)（図２参照）は沈降ろ過材で、単位体積当たりの重量が１７０ｋｇ／ｍ3、単位体積当たりの該原料化学繊維の側面積は２４，０００ｍ2／ｍ3であった。
(Example 2)
Polyester staple fiber that does not have heat-fusibility and develops crimps by heat treatment, and has a fineness of 6.6 dtex, the number of crimps of 10 and a length of 5 cm, 34% of the staple fiber. The core component of the heat-fusible chemical fiber is a core-sheath fiber in which the core component of the synthetic chemical fiber is polyester and the sheath component is polyethylene, and the staple fiber having a fineness of 4.4 dtex and a length of 5 cm is 33%. Is a fiber with a core-sheath structure in which polyester is the sheath component and the sheath component is polyethylene, and the cotton blended with 33% staple fiber with a fineness of 7.8 dtex and a length of 5 cm is applied to a spinning card machine and then arranged through a drawing machine. A sliver-like fiber bundle was obtained. This was used as a raw fiber bundle, and the fiber bundle was continuously taken out while being rotated by a false twisting device, and twisted in a hot atmosphere at 250 ° C. with hot air. The fiber bundle drawn out from the hot atmosphere was continuously quenched by continuously applying cold air, stabilized in shape, and then cut to a length of 5 mm to produce a biological contact filter. The biological contact filter medium (2) (see FIG. 2) produced by the above-mentioned method is a sedimentation filter medium, the weight per unit volume is 170 kg / m 3 , and the side area of the raw chemical fiber per unit volume is 24,000 m. 2 / m 3 .
（比較例１）
熱融着性の化学繊維の芯成分がポリエステル、鞘成分がポリエチレンである芯鞘構造の繊維であって芯部と鞘部の重量比が４５：５５である繊度３．１ｄｔｅｘの芯鞘型複合長繊維からなるスパンボンド不織布を用意した。このスパンボンド不織布は目付５０ｇ/ｍ2で部分的に熱圧着処理（熱エンボス処理）されていたが、捲縮のない芯鞘型複合長繊維のみから構成されていた。この不織布を１００ｍｍ幅ロールから連続して引き出しながら仮撚り装置で回転させて撚りを掛け、１８０℃の熱風を吹き掛けて加熱した。ろ過材１個当たりの撚り数は０．３回とした。引き続き、連続で引き出しながら撚りのかかった不織布に冷風をあてて急冷し、長さが５ｍｍになるよう切断して生物接触ろ過材を製造したが、切り出す際に繊維束がつぶれて、断面が楕円形になり、略円柱状のろ過材にはならなかった。
(Comparative Example 1)
A core-sheath type composite having a fineness of 3.1 dtex, which is a fiber having a core-sheath structure in which the core component of the heat-fusible chemical fiber is polyester and the sheath component is polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the core part to the sheath part is 45:55 A spunbond nonwoven fabric composed of long fibers was prepared. This spunbonded nonwoven fabric was partially thermocompression-bonded (heat embossed) with a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 , but was composed only of core-sheath type composite long fibers without crimping. The nonwoven fabric was continuously pulled out from a roll having a width of 100 mm and rotated by a false twisting device to apply twist, and heated by blowing hot air at 180 ° C. The number of twists per filter medium was 0.3. Subsequently, while applying continuous cooling, we applied cold air to the twisted nonwoven fabric to quench it and cut it to a length of 5 mm to produce a biological contact filter material. It became a shape and did not become a substantially cylindrical filter medium.
（比較例２）
パドル撹拌羽根を備えた直径１ｍ、高さ１．５ｍの円筒型撹拌槽に水０．５ｍ3を入れ、熱によって捲縮を発現する化学繊維であって、繊度５．５ｄｔｅｘ、捲縮数１０、長さ５ｍｍのポリエステル系コンジュゲート糸ステープルファイバー５ｋｇを投入し、撹拌羽根を１分間に８５回転させ、約１時間撹拌を続けることで図８に示す形状のポリエステル製球状繊維ろ過材(20)を製造した。この方法によって製造した生物接触ろ過材(20)は沈降ろ過材で、単位体積当たりの重量が９０ｋｇ／ｍ3、単位体積当たりの該原料化学繊維の側面積は１２，０００ｍ2／ｍ3であった。
(Comparative Example 2)
A chemical fiber in which 0.5 m 3 of water is put into a cylindrical stirring tank having a diameter of 1 m and a height of 1.5 m equipped with paddle stirring blades, and crimps are generated by heat, and has a fineness of 5.5 dtex and a crimp number of 10 5 kg of polyester conjugate yarn staple fiber having a length of 5 mm was added, the stirring blade was rotated 85 times per minute, and the stirring was continued for about 1 hour, whereby the polyester spherical fiber filter medium (20) having the shape shown in FIG. Manufactured. The biological contact filter medium (20) produced by this method is a sedimentation filter medium, the weight per unit volume is 90 kg / m 3 , and the side area of the raw chemical fiber per unit volume is 12,000 m 2 / m 3. It was.
（カラム試験）
上記の実施例１と比較例２において製造した生物接触ろ過材について、図４に示すミニカラム装置を用いて、アンモニア態窒素を含む水の硝化試験を行った。
(Column test)
The biological contact filter produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was subjected to a nitrification test for water containing ammonia nitrogen using the minicolumn apparatus shown in FIG.
ミニカラム装置(11)は、有効容量が８００ｍＬのカラム(12)と、カラム(12)内に設けられたろ床(13)と、処理後の水を溜める処理水槽(14)と、処理水槽(14)の水をカラム(12)に設けられた供給部(16)に循環供給するポンプ(15)とを有する。 The mini-column device (11) includes a column (12) having an effective capacity of 800 mL, a filter bed (13) provided in the column (12), a treated water tank (14) for storing treated water, and a treated water tank (14 And a pump (15) that circulates and supplies water to a supply section (16) provided in the column (12).
実施例１について、ろ床(13)として実施例１で製造した生物接触ろ過材(1)の新品を７００ｍＬ充填した。原水としてＡ処理場の処理水を使用し、生物接触ろ過材(1)を充填したカラム(12)と処理水槽(14)を原水で満たし、ポンプ(15)で５０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎの循環処理をしながら処理水アンモニア態窒素濃度を測定した。処理試験結果を図５に示す。１回目の循環処理試験では、アンモニア態窒素濃度１．４ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌの原水からアンモニア態窒素が不検出になるまでに6日間を要した。１回目の試験後、カラム(12)と処理水槽(14)を空にし、１回目の試験で使用した生物接触ろ過材(1)を再度充填し、２回目の循環処理試験を行った。２回目の循環処理試験では、アンモニア態窒素濃度２．２ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌの原水が３日間で９５％硝化され、アンモニア態窒素は５日間で不検出となった。２回目の循環処理試験における初期３日間の硝化速度は、０．９９ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌ−ろ過材・ｄａｙであった。 About Example 1, 700 mL of the new biological contact filter material (1) manufactured in Example 1 was filled as a filter bed (13). The treated water from the A treatment plant is used as raw water, the column (12) packed with biological contact filter material (1) and the treated water tank (14) are filled with raw water, and the pump (15) is circulated at 50 mL / min. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the treated water was measured. The processing test results are shown in FIG. In the first circulation treatment test, it took 6 days until ammonia nitrogen was not detected from the raw water having an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1.4 mg-N / L. After the first test, the column (12) and the treated water tank (14) were emptied, and the biological contact filter material (1) used in the first test was filled again, and the second circulation test was performed. In the second circulation treatment test, the raw water having an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 2.2 mg-N / L was 95% nitrified in 3 days, and ammonia nitrogen was not detected in 5 days. The nitrification rate for the initial 3 days in the second circulation treatment test was 0.99 mg-N / L-filter material · day.
比較例２について、ろ床(13)として比較例２で製造した従来品生物接触ろ過材(20)の新品を７００ｍＬ充填して硝化試験を行った。実施例１の試験と同様の処理条件で、循環処理しながら処理水アンモニア態窒素濃度を測定した。処理試験結果を図６に示す。１回目の循環処理試験では、６日間循環してもアンモニア態窒素の濃度が１．４ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌから１．１ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌまでしか低下しなかった。１回目の試験後、実施例１の試験と同様に２回目の循環処理試験を行った。２回目の循環処理試験では、アンモニア態窒素濃度２．２ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌの原水が３日間で３２％硝化されたが、アンモニア態窒素は６日間で不検出とならなかった。２回目の循環処理試験における初期３日間の硝化速度は、０．３３ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌ−ろ過材・ｄａｙであった。 About Comparative Example 2, 700 mL of a new product of the conventional biological contact filter material (20) produced in Comparative Example 2 was filled as a filter bed (13), and a nitrification test was performed. Under the same processing conditions as in the test of Example 1, the treated water ammonia nitrogen concentration was measured while circulating. The processing test results are shown in FIG. In the first circulation treatment test, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen decreased only from 1.4 mg-N / L to 1.1 mg-N / L even after circulation for 6 days. After the first test, the second circulation treatment test was conducted in the same manner as the test in Example 1. In the second circulation test, raw water having an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 2.2 mg-N / L was nitrified in 3 days, but ammonia nitrogen was not detected in 6 days. The nitrification rate for the initial 3 days in the second circulation treatment test was 0.33 mg-N / L-filter material · day.
（実施例３）
Ｂ浄水場生物接触ろ過材の逆洗排水（ＳＳ＝３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）０．４Ｌと、単位体積当たりの原料化学繊維の側面積が異なる４種類の生物接触ろ過材０．０５Ｌをそれぞれ合わせて４組のポリ瓶（２Ｌ）に入れ、１３０ｒ．ｐ．ｍ．で４８時間振とうし、振とう試験前後のろ過材の乾燥重量増分から、各生物接触ろ過材の汚泥捕捉量を算出した。図７に示すように、繊維の側面積と汚泥捕捉量は比例関係で近似され、原料化学繊維の側面積が、２４，０００ｍ2／ｍ3以上である生物接触ろ過材では従来品（側面積１２，０００ｍ2／ｍ3）の２倍以上の汚泥捕捉量にできることが確認できた。
(Example 3)
B water purification plant biological contact filter media backwash wastewater (SS = 3000mg / L) 0.4L and 4 types of biological contact filter media 0.05L with different side areas of raw chemical fibers per unit volume are combined 4 Put in a pair of plastic bottles (2L), 130r. p. m. The amount of sludge trapped in each biological contact filter was calculated from the increase in the dry weight of the filter before and after the shaking test. As shown in FIG. 7, the side contact area of the fiber and the amount of sludge trapped are approximated in a proportional relationship, and the biological contact filter material having a side area of the raw chemical fiber of 24,000 m 2 / m 3 or more is a conventional product (side area). 12,000 m 2 / m 3 ) It was confirmed that the amount of sludge trapped could be more than twice.
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