JP2020015037A - Wastewater treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a device for treating various wastewater, and particularly, a device capable of not only treating natural discharge but also reusing or recycling wastewater, eventually to a drinkable level.SOLUTION: There is provided a wastewater treatment apparatus, including: a filtration unit ADF consisting of a body fluid dialysis module; a filtration unit ACF made of activated carbon and/or porous ceramics; and a treated water storage tank 2 in the device, and configured to arrange a pipe between these filtration units and the treated water storage tank. Herein, (1) a water quality analysis sensor for untreated wastewater may be provided on an inlet side of the treatment device, and a water quality analysis sensor for treated water in each filtration unit may be provided on an outlet side of each filtration unit, (2) the body fluid dialysis module may be a module using hollow fibers, and (3) the body fluid dialysis module may be cleaned and sterilized after use in a medical practice. Further, (4) the wastewater to be treated may be a mixture of various wastewater.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating various types of wastewater discharged from various factories of various sizes, indoor and outdoor playgrounds, swimming pools, office buildings, various commercial or customs business buildings, homes, etc., and is particularly limited to natural discharge. In addition, the present invention relates to an apparatus capable of processing to the extent that it can be reused (Reuse) or recycle (Recycle), and further to the extent that it can be drinkable.

Generally, wastewater from various factories is treated independently in each factory, purified to a level that meets the discharge standards, and discharged naturally.
In some cases, the purified water may be reused or recycled for cleaning its own factory, cooling outdoor units, supplying water to plants, etc. It is cleaned to the extent that it meets the standard and discharged naturally.

On the other hand, syringes, vials, modules for artificial dialysis, and other devices after use for medical purposes are usually disposed of (incinerated) in Japan.
In some countries, a technique of using a module for artificial dialysis after use for medical use as a water filter has been developed and proposed (WO2018 / 065979A1).

WO2018 / 065979A1

  As mentioned above, water is currently being consumed and discharged in large quantities, which is not only a major waste, but also water shortage becomes a serious problem during the drought season. There is an urgent need to find ways to use.

On the other hand, the incineration of used medical equipment also creates considerable waste, and this waste is one of the causes of soaring treatment costs. It is hoped that technology for recycling used medical equipment will be developed. It is rare.
However, there are not only various industries from heavy industry to light industry, but also emissions from factories that perform various other industries such as papermaking, textile manufacturing and textile processing, processed food production, fresh food washing, textile washing, etc. A large amount of miscellaneous large amounts of wastewater, including large amounts of wastewater and domestic wastewater, are discharged every day, and simply filtering all of these wastewaters with a filter using the above-mentioned proposed module for used artificial dialysis requires a national standard. It is extremely difficult to purify to the discharge (discharge) standard set forth in the above, and it is difficult to accept purified water that can be reused and recycled.
In addition, in Japan, where there is not only a large amount of rainfall but also a natural environment blessed with forests and deep mountains, there is a large amount of beautiful and delicious spring water from biofilters. Simply filtering wastewater with a filtered filter is unacceptable in terms of national sentiment in Japan as recycling and reuse, especially purified water that can be drunk.

  The present invention, under the above circumstances, by using a module used for body fluid (blood) dialysis (particularly, a module made of hollow fibers) in a used medical device as a part of a filter material, Various wastewater can be purified to Reuse, Recycle and, in turn, to a level that can be drunk, while keeping equipment costs low, installation space reduced, and running costs as well as maintenance costs reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wastewater treatment device that can perform the treatment.

The wastewater treatment apparatus according to the present invention has a filtration unit composed of a module for body fluid dialysis, a filtration unit composed of activated carbon or / and ceramics, and a treated water storage tank in the device. A pipe is arranged between the tank and the tank.
At this time, (1) a water quality analysis sensor for untreated wastewater may be provided at the entrance side of the treatment apparatus, and a water quality analysis sensor for treated water at each filtration section may be provided at the exit side of each filtration section. (2) The module for body fluid dialysis may be a module using hollow fibers, and (3) the module for body fluid dialysis may be a module that has been washed and sterilized after use in medical practice. Further, (4) the treated wastewater may be a mixed water of various wastewaters.

According to the apparatus of the present invention, conventionally, a large amount of wastewater that has been naturally discharged and purified to a discharge reference value can be purified to a level that can be safely used, recycled, and in addition, drinkable, The amount of unused water can be significantly reduced.
Moreover, in the apparatus of the present invention, depending on the properties of the wastewater to be treated, the treatment is performed only by the filtration unit including the body fluid dialysis module (including the circulation treatment), or the treatment is performed only by the filtration unit composed of activated carbon and / or ceramics. Optimum processing modes such as (including circulating processing) and processing (including circulating processing) passing through both of these filtration units can be adopted.

  Further, the device of the present invention can use not only a new module but also a used module obtained by washing and sterilizing a used module as a module for body fluid dialysis in a filtration unit including a module for body fluid dialysis. Whichever of the used modules is used, it functions well as a filtering member during wastewater treatment. Therefore, the use of a used module can reduce the apparatus cost.

  Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, each filtration section can be backwashed using so-called treated water after treatment by the apparatus of the present invention, and an extremely effective water treatment system can be provided.

  The apparatus of the present invention mainly removes bacteria such as Escherichia coli and suspended (suspended) substances (SS) in wastewater in a filtration section composed of a module for body fluid dialysis, and a filtration section composed of activated carbon or / and ceramics. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater are mainly reduced, and the SS, COD and BOD of the wastewater can be naturally discharged by passing the wastewater through both filtration sections. Reduction and purification can be performed to the extent that Reuse, Recycle, and eventually beverages can be used.

It is an explanatory view showing a basic flow of an apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an embodiment based on the basic flow of FIG. 1.

As described above, the module for body fluid dialysis according to the present invention can be used either as new or used. However, the used module is washed, for example, with hot water and then with steam-containing hot water or steam. Use sterilized ones.
In any of the new and used modules, any type of module such as a membrane or a hollow fiber can be used. However, in the present invention, the hollow fiber which is easily available and has a regenerated (backwashing technology) is established. It is appropriate to use a body module.
As the used module, for example, it is suitable to use the module described in WO2018 / 065779A1 described above.

The above-mentioned module may be constituted by one filter unit or may be constituted by a plurality of units.
When a plurality of filtration units are configured, the modules may be arranged in a parallel state, or may be arranged in a series state.

Activated carbon and / or ceramics used with the above module may be any activated carbon or ceramics as long as BOD and COD can be reduced, and heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Ag, Hg, Zn, and Pb, and arsenates. (AsO ₄ ^-1 ), perchlorate (ClO ₄ ^-1 ), phosphate (PO ₄ ^-2 ), sulfate (SO ₄ ^-2 ), nitrate (NO ₃ ^-1 ), permanganate ( Activated carbon that can remove inorganic compounds such as MnO ₄ ^-1 ) and cyanate (CN ^-1 ) and organic compounds such as surfactants well, can perform good backwashing, and can be used repeatedly; Ceramics, preferably activated carbon derived from plants such as bamboo charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, and charcoal, and porous ceramics such as bioapatite, etc., and "Active Carbon Filter" manufactured by Toxsorb Co., Ltd. are used. It may be.
Activated carbon and ceramics having the above characteristics may be in the form of a block having a size of several in the vertical or horizontal direction in the filtration unit, or may be in the form of granules having a size of about several cm to several mm cubic. . Activated carbon and ceramics having these shapes may be filled in the filtering section so that all of the wastewater to be treated passes through the activated carbon and ceramics.
The above-mentioned activated carbon and ceramics may be used alone or in combination. When mixed and used, the mixing ratio is preferably activated carbon: ceramics = about 30:70 to 70:30 by weight. In the mode of mixed use, the activated carbon and the ceramics are, of course, uniformly mixed and used, and the activated carbon and the ceramics are alternately arranged in layers so as to have the above-described mixing ratio (specifically, for example, in the case of 50:50, 25 g each is enclosed in a disk-shaped bag, and these disk-shaped bags are alternately arranged).

The wastewater that can be treated by the wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention having the filtration unit composed of the above-described module for body fluid dialysis and the filtration unit composed of activated carbon and / or ceramics is suspended (suspended) in these filtration units. Substance (SS) and heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Ag, Hg, Zn, Pb, arsenate (AsO ₄ ^-1 ), perchlorate (ClO ₄ ^-1 ), phosphate (PO ₄ ^-2 ), inorganic compounds such as sulfates (SO ₄ ^-2 ), nitrates (NO ₃ ^-1 ), permanganates (MnO ₄ ^-1 ), and cyanates (CN ^-1 ), and surfactants Any material can be used as long as it can eliminate COD and BOD components such as organic compounds.
Specifically, the steel industry, non-ferrous metal industry, ship / vehicle / power machinery manufacturing plants, semiconductor manufacturing plants, battery manufacturing plants, paper mills, power generation plants, ceramic plants, dyeing plants, and various other industrial product manufacturing plants Wastewater, wastewater from food processing factories, processed food manufacturing factories, laundry, bedding, towels, and other various textile products cleaning factories, restaurants, and other factories used at medical institutions and nursing care institutions Yes, these wastewaters can be treated alone or in combination of two or more.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic flow of the apparatus of the present invention, wherein 1 is a drainage tank for storing wastewater to be treated, and 2 is a treated water tank for storing treated water. A filtration unit ADF (hereinafter, filtration unit ADF) composed of a module for body fluid dialysis and a filtration unit ACF (hereinafter, filtration unit ACF) composed of activated carbon and / or ceramics are arranged between these two tanks 1 and 2. .
In FIG. 1, the wastewater in the drainage tank 1 is first sent to the filtration unit ADF for processing, and then sent to the filtration unit ACF for processing, and the treated water is stored in the treated water tank 2 and appropriately treated. Of Reuse and Recycle.
When such processing is performed for a predetermined period and the processing capacity of each of the filtration units ADF and ACF is reduced, back-washing of each of the filtration units ADF and ACF is performed, and the drainage of the wastewater passes through a dotted line. And stored in the backwash drain tank 3.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention along the above basic flow. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same parts as in FIG.
The filtering unit ADF of this example shows a mode in which a plurality of body fluid dialysis modules ADM (hereinafter, referred to as module ADM) are arranged in parallel to efficiently process a large amount of wastewater.
Although not shown, the module ADM can be arranged in series to obtain high-quality treated water.

In this example, a sand filter (media filter) 4 is arranged on the upstream (inlet) side of the filtration unit ADF and on the downstream (outlet) side of the drainage tank 1.
The outlet side of the drainage tank 1 is provided with a sensor S1 for analyzing the quality of untreated wastewater in the tank 1, and the sand filter 4 and the outlets of the filtration units ADF, ACF are also provided with these filters. Sensors S2, S3, and S4 for analyzing the quality of the treated water in each section are provided, and each sensor transmits data to an analysis center (not shown), and outputs SS, COD, BOD, etc. of untreated wastewater. analyse. Of course, the sensors S1 to S4 may be omitted, and the water quality in the treated water tank 2 may be detected.

In the apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, the water quality of the untreated wastewater in the drainage tank 1 is analyzed by the sensor S1, and is suitable for the Reuse, Recycle, and drink within the discharge standard value or the user of the present apparatus. If the water quality is within the reference value, the processing in the sand filter 4 and the filtration units ADF and ACF is omitted, and the water is stored in the processed water tank 2 by the pipe P1.
If the water quality exceeds the discharge standard value or the Reuse, Recycle, and beverage standard values and SS is detected in a large amount, it is sent from the pipe P2 to the sand filter 4 for processing.
On the other hand, when the SS is small, the treatment in the sand filter 4 is omitted and the wastewater is sent from the drainage tank 1 to the filtration unit ADF via the pipes P1 → P1 ′ → P3 to remove SS and bacteria. You.
Of course, when SS and bacteria are hardly detected, the treatment in the sand filter 2 and the filtration unit ADF is omitted, and the water is introduced directly from the drainage tank 1 into the filtration unit ACF made of activated carbon from the pipe P1 → P1 ′ → P4. Then, removal processing of COD, heavy metal, and the like is performed.

The water treated by the sand filter 2 is analyzed by the sensor S2. If the water is within the discharge standard value or the Reuse / Recycle standard value, the water is merged with the pipe P2 'to P1 and stored in the treated water tank 2. Is done.
On the other hand, when the SS is still present in a considerably large amount, it is returned to the sand filter 2 via the pipe P2 '→ P2''→ P2 and is reprocessed.
If the SS is not as large as above, but the SS treatment or the germ removal treatment is required, it is sent from the sand filter 2 to the filtration unit ADF via the pipes P2 ′ → P2 ″ ″ → P3, and the SS or SS is removed. The bacteria are removed.
Further, when the removal treatment of SS or bacteria is unnecessary, but the removal treatment of COD or heavy metal is required, the treatment in the filtration unit ADF is omitted, and the pipe P2 '→ P2 "" → Sent directly to the filtration unit ACF via P4 to remove these.

The water treated by the filtration unit ADF is analyzed by the sensor S3, and if it is within the discharge reference value or the Reuse, Recycle or beverage reference value, the water is joined from the pipe P3 'to the pipe P1, and the treated water It is stored in the tank 2.
On the other hand, if the removal process of SS or bacteria is insufficient, it is returned to the filtration unit ADF again via the pipe P3 '→ P3''→ P3 and is reprocessed.
If SS is present in large quantities for some reason, it may be returned to the sand filtration unit 4 again via the pipe P3 "→ P3""→ P2.
If SS, bacteria, and the like have been sufficiently removed, they are introduced into the filtration unit ACF through the pipes P3 ′ → P3 ″ ″ → P4 to remove COD, heavy metals, and the like.

The water treated in the filtration unit ACF is analyzed by the sensor S4, and if it is within the discharge reference value or the Reuse, Recycle, and drink reference values, the water is merged from the pipe P4 'to the pipe P1, and the treated water tank 2 Stored in
On the other hand, if BOD and COD such as heavy metals and organic / inorganic compounds are not sufficiently removed, they are returned to the filtration unit ACF again via the pipes P4 ′ → P4 ″ → P4 and reprocessed.
If it is determined that the removal of SS, bacteria, etc. is insufficient, it may be returned to the filtration unit ADF again via the pipe P4 ″ → P4 ″ ″ → P3 ″ → P3. It may be returned to the sand filtration unit 4 via "" → P3 "" → P2.

The treated water stored in the treated water tank 2 can be reused, recycled, or drinkable, and in some cases, can be discharged directly to the natural world.
As described above, according to the apparatus of the present invention, various kinds of wastewater are mixed for each discharge location or at an appropriate mixing ratio to purify the water to the quality that can be naturally discharged, or to Reuse, Recycle, and water that can be drunk. , Beneficial use is made.

  Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 as well, as in the basic flow of FIG. With the treated water, the filter 4, the filtration unit ADF, and the ACF are backwashed, and the wastewater is stored in a backwash wastewater tank 3 via a dotted line.

Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, the following wastewater was treated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure at a flow rate of 50 liters (hereinafter, liters are referred to as “L” and milliliters as “mL”) / hr / m ² .
In the apparatus of FIG. 2, the following were used for the sand filter (media filter) 4, the filtration unit ADF, and the filtration unit ACF.
Sand filter 4: Anthracite (particle size 1.5-2.5 mm) layer, first sand (particle size 0.5-0.8 mm) layer, second sand (particle size 0.8- 1.2 mm) layer and a gravel (particle diameter: 1.2 to 3 mm) layer (trade name “Sand filter” sold by Nou Corporation),
Filtration unit ADF: “NUF” manufactured by NUFILTRATION with specifications shown in Table 1,
Filtration unit ACF: (1) “MAC” (activated carbon) manufactured by Toxsorb,
(2) "Bamboo charcoal granules M3" manufactured by Bamboo Charcoal Market,
(3) "Eggshell-derived bioapatite" manufactured by Bioapatite,
In addition, about a filtration part ACF, the said (1), (2), and the example which used (3) each independently, (2) and (3) were 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 by weight ratio. This is an example in which three types are mixed and used. In the case of 30:70, in the case of 30:70, two 15-part by weight flat-plate-like bags (commercially available PP non-woven fabric “hydrophilic” is used, the same applies hereinafter) and 23 parts by weight of flat-type bags are used. Two disk-shaped bags and one flat-plated bag of 24 parts by weight are alternately arranged in the ACF tank from top to bottom in the order of 24 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, and 23 parts by weight. In the case of 50:50, four flat-plate-shaped bags each having a weight of 25 parts by weight were placed in the ACF tank alternately from top to bottom in the case of 50:50. The same ACF tank as the sand filter 4 was used as the ACF tank when (2) and (3) were used alone and when the (2) and (3) were mixed and used.

  The drainage is kitchen drainage (washing drainage for tea bowls, teapots, lunch boxes, triangle corners, cloths, rags, etc.) at the applicant's Tokyo branch office (Minato Ward) and condensed water of mist used for mist cultivation (see Tables 2 to 7). Was "kitchen drainage, etc."), a towel washing factory drainage, and a washing drainage of tableware for a Chinese restaurant were mixed at a ratio shown in Tables 2 to 7.

  The quality of the treated water (SS, COD, BOD) was compared with the tap water at the applicant's Tokyo branch office (Minato-ku). The results are shown in Tables 2 to 7. In Tables 2 to 7, "equivalent" refers to ± 10% of the quality of tap water, and "somewhat" refers to more than + 10% and less than + 15% of the quality of tap water.

The treatment was performed at 50 L / day, and the water quality in the treated water tank 2 after the treatment was compared with the quality of tap water every day. The results were the same as in Tables 2 to 7 for 20 days without backwashing, but after 20 days, backwashing was performed with the treated water in the treated water tank 2.
No treatment was performed on the backwashing day, and the same wastewater treatment was performed on the day following the backwashing day (the 21st day from the treatment start date). As a result, SS, COD, and BOD were all equivalent.
Further, as a result of performing the same wastewater treatment as described above for 9 days (30 days from the treatment start date) after the day after the backwashing day (the 22nd day from the treatment start date), all the SS, COD, and BOD were also equivalent. there were.
The three types of wastewater used were transported from a predetermined location almost every morning during the implementation period.

  Furthermore, the bamboo charcoal (2) used in the above-mentioned filtration unit ACF and the bioapatite (3) were uniformly mixed at the same mixing ratio as in Tables 5 to 7, and then three kinds were put into an ACF tank. The same three treatments as in No. 7 were performed. The results were almost the same as those in Tables 5 to 7 for the quality of the treated water (SS, COD, BOD), but the treatment speed was slightly faster in the case of using the uniform mixture.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drainage storage tank 2 Treated water storage tank 3 Backwash drainage tank ADF Filtration part which consists of a module for body fluid dialysis ACF Filtration part which consists of activated carbon or / and porous ceramics

Claims (5)

A wastewater treatment device,
A filtration unit composed of a module for body fluid dialysis, a filtration unit composed of activated carbon or / and porous ceramics, and a treated water storage tank in the device,
A wastewater treatment apparatus comprising a pipe disposed between each of these filtration units and a treated water storage tank. Equipped with a water quality analysis sensor for untreated wastewater at the entrance side of the wastewater treatment equipment,
The wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a water quality analysis sensor for treated water in each filtration unit at an outlet side of each filtration unit.   3. The wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the body fluid dialysis module is a module using hollow fibers.   The wastewater treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the module for body fluid dialysis is washed and sterilized after use in medical practice.   The wastewater treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wastewater is mixed wastewater.

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