JP2014147332A - Coffee drink, container-packed coffee drink, method for manufacturing container-packed coffee drink, and method for improving taste of container-packed coffee drink - Google Patents
Coffee drink, container-packed coffee drink, method for manufacturing container-packed coffee drink, and method for improving taste of container-packed coffee drink Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014147332A JP2014147332A JP2013017676A JP2013017676A JP2014147332A JP 2014147332 A JP2014147332 A JP 2014147332A JP 2013017676 A JP2013017676 A JP 2013017676A JP 2013017676 A JP2013017676 A JP 2013017676A JP 2014147332 A JP2014147332 A JP 2014147332A
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Landscapes
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、コーヒー飲料、特に常温からコールド状態で飲用される容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味及び香味を改善しうるコーヒー飲料及び容器詰コーヒー飲料の製造方法、並びに容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味改善方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a coffee beverage that can improve the taste and flavor of a coffee beverage, particularly a container-packed coffee beverage that is drunk in a cold state from room temperature, a method for producing a container-packed coffee beverage, and a method for improving the taste of a container-packed coffee beverage. About.
コーヒーは古来より飲料としてのみならず、その独特の香りを利用したフレーバー添加剤としても広く利用されてきた、代表的な嗜好性食品である。
この中でもコーヒー飲料は、茶と並び多くの人に愛飲されている飲料の一つであり、近年では、単なる嗜好性飲料に留まらず、飲料中に含有される、カフェイン、及びクロロゲン酸等の所謂コーヒーポリフェノール類のように生理活性機能を備える成分にも注目されており、機能性飲料としての側面も呈してきている。
また、飲料製品として提供される形態についても多岐に亘り、焙煎前の生豆、焙煎コーヒー豆、若しくは焙煎コーヒー豆の粉砕物、前記コーヒー豆粉砕物を布、不織布、若しくは紙等の抽出用バッグに封入した抽出バッグの形態、焙煎コーヒー豆抽出液の濃縮液の形態、または前記抽出液を湯水に簡単に溶解しうるよう、凍結乾燥等の手段によって固化した所謂インスタントコーヒーの形態等がある。また、抽出したコーヒーを缶、PETボトル等の容器に封入したRTD(Ready To Drink)形態の容器詰コーヒー飲料は、いつでも手軽にコーヒー飲料を楽しむことができるというその利便性によって、飲料製品市場においても、最も大きな市場規模を有しており、消費者ニーズも多様化してきている。これらの消費者ニーズに応え、現在においては、多種多様な容器詰コーヒー飲料が上市されている。
Coffee is a typical palatability food that has been widely used not only as a drink but also as a flavor additive using its unique aroma.
Among these, coffee drinks are one of the drinks loved by many people along with tea. In recent years, coffee drinks are not only tasting drinks, but are contained in drinks such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Attention has also been paid to components having physiologically active functions such as so-called coffee polyphenols, and they have also exhibited aspects as functional drinks.
In addition, there are a wide variety of forms provided as beverage products, such as raw beans before roasting, roasted coffee beans, or a crushed product of roasted coffee beans, and the pulverized coffee beans such as cloth, non-woven fabric, or paper The form of an extraction bag enclosed in an extraction bag, the form of a concentrate of roasted coffee bean extract, or the form of so-called instant coffee solidified by means such as freeze-drying so that the extract can be easily dissolved in hot water Etc. In addition, the RTD (Ready To Drink) form of packed coffee beverages in which the extracted coffee is enclosed in containers such as cans and PET bottles, in the beverage product market due to the convenience of being able to enjoy coffee beverages at any time. However, it has the largest market size and consumer needs are diversifying. In response to these consumer needs, a wide variety of packaged coffee beverages are now on the market.
前記容器詰コーヒー飲料は、殺菌、酸化防止等の処理を行うことによって、抽出後においても長期間に亘って品質を保持しうるという利点を備えているが、一般的にインスタントコーヒーと比較すると、呈味、及び香味は優れているものの、抽出後にすぐ飲用に供される所謂レギュラーコーヒーと比較した場合、呈味や香味にやや劣ると言われてきていた。
しかしながら、近年においては、消費者の本格志向の高まりにより、従来品と比較して呈味や香味を向上させるべく、よりレギュラーコーヒーの味わいに近く、また、コーヒーの美味しさの要素である、濃厚なコクと、すっきりとしたキレという一見相反する味わいが両立し、良好な呈味及び香味を備えた容器詰コーヒー飲料が強く望まれている。
The container-packed coffee beverage has the advantage that the quality can be maintained over a long period of time after extraction by performing treatments such as sterilization and oxidation prevention, but generally compared to instant coffee, Although the taste and flavor are excellent, it has been said to be slightly inferior in taste and flavor when compared to so-called regular coffee that is used for drinking immediately after extraction.
However, in recent years, due to the increase in consumers' full-fledged intentions, in order to improve taste and flavor compared to conventional products, it is closer to the taste of regular coffee, and it is a rich element that is a factor in the taste of coffee There is a strong demand for a packaged coffee beverage having both a good taste and a flavor that is compatible with both seemingly contradictory tastes such as freshness and cleanness.
容器詰コーヒー飲料において、レギュラーコーヒーのロースト感や呈味性を向上させるための最も簡易な手段として、各種添加物や香料(フレーバー)を添加することが知られている。
また、コーヒー飲料の呈味や香味の向上を目的として、製造工程における様々な試みがこれまでにもなされてきた。
In container-packed coffee beverages, it is known to add various additives and flavors as the simplest means for improving the roasted feeling and taste of regular coffee.
In addition, various attempts in the manufacturing process have been made for the purpose of improving the taste and flavor of coffee beverages.
例えば、コーヒー豆の焙煎工程において、450℃から520℃の熱風を15分から25分間吹込むことによりコーヒー豆の香味を強化して得られたコーヒー飲料の製造方法が記載されている(特許文献1)。 For example, in the roasting process of coffee beans, a method for producing a coffee beverage obtained by enhancing the flavor of coffee beans by blowing hot air at 450 ° C. to 520 ° C. for 15 to 25 minutes is described (Patent Literature). 1).
また、焙煎コーヒー豆の粉砕工程において、粉砕時にコーヒー豆の香味成分を空気中に揮散させず効率よく収集することにより、コーヒー豆の油分を過剰に溶出させない風味豊かなコーヒー飲料を得る製造方法が記載されている(特許文献2)。 In addition, in the pulverization process of roasted coffee beans, a method for obtaining a flavorful coffee beverage that does not cause excessive elution of the oil content of coffee beans by efficiently collecting the flavor components of the coffee beans without being volatilized in the air during pulverization Is described (Patent Document 2).
さらに、コーヒーの抽出工程において、焙煎して粉砕したコーヒー豆をミルクで抽出した後、温水で抽出することにより、コーヒーの香気成分を得ることができると共に、うま味や苦みを抽出するコーヒー飲料の製造方法が記載されている(特許文献3)。 Further, in the coffee extraction process, after roasted and ground coffee beans are extracted with milk and then extracted with warm water, the aroma component of coffee can be obtained, and a coffee beverage for extracting umami and bitterness A manufacturing method is described (Patent Document 3).
また、香味の異なる複数種類の焙煎コーヒー豆を併用する工程において、それら複数種類の焙煎コーヒー豆粉末をコーヒー豆粉末毎に多段階抽出することにより、各種コーヒー豆特有の味覚を生かしたコーヒー液の製造方法が記載されている(特許文献4)。 In addition, in the process of using a plurality of types of roasted coffee beans with different flavors, the coffee that takes advantage of the unique taste of each type of coffee bean by extracting the plurality of types of roasted coffee bean powder for each coffee bean powder. A method for producing a liquid is described (Patent Document 4).
前記の先行技術文献に記載の発明は、容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味や香味を向上させることに一定の成果はあったといえる。
しかしながら、コーヒー飲料の呈味及び香気を決定付ける成分は、多種多様の物質が複雑に関連して形成されており、上述の各発明は呈味や香気に関与する成分を特定したものではなく、その発明内容を応用するにあたってもその範囲には限界があった。
また、上述の通り、最近では、より容器詰コーヒー飲料に対する消費者の要求レベルは高く、濃厚で深い味わいと、飲用時のスッキリ感を両立しうる、より本格的な呈味、及び香味が求められており、これを実現するためには、前記の先行技術文献に記載の発明とは異なる、新たな呈味及び香味を向上させた容器詰コーヒー飲料及びその製造方法を提供する必要があった。
It can be said that the invention described in the above-mentioned prior art document has a certain result in improving the taste and flavor of the container-packed coffee beverage.
However, the ingredients that determine the taste and aroma of coffee beverages are formed in a complex relationship with a wide variety of substances, and each of the above-mentioned inventions does not specify the ingredients involved in the taste or aroma, There was a limit to the scope of application of the contents of the invention.
In addition, as described above, recently, consumers have a higher level of demand for packaged coffee beverages, and there is a need for a more authentic taste and flavor that can achieve both a rich and deep taste and a refreshing feeling when drinking. In order to realize this, it is necessary to provide a new packaged coffee beverage with improved taste and flavor, and a method for producing the same, which are different from the invention described in the prior art document. .
コーヒーの呈味は、苦味、酸味、渋味、えぐ味、甘みといった基本的な味の構成の他、飲用時における後味のスッキリ感の指標、所謂キレといわれる味の持続性、又は濃度感の指標である、所謂コクといわれる味の広がり度合い等多くの要素が複雑に絡み合って成立しているものである。
この中でも、苦味、酸味、及び渋味は、スッキリとしたキレと、濃厚なコクを決定付ける重要な要素であり、苦味、酸味及び渋味のバランスを最適に調整するための指標については、従来から多くの成分が検討されてきた。
In addition to the basic taste composition such as bitterness, acidity, astringency, gummy taste, and sweetness, coffee taste is an indicator of a refreshing aftertaste at the time of drinking, so-called crispness persistence, or concentration. Many factors such as the so-called richness of the taste, which is an index, are intricately intertwined.
Among these, bitterness, sourness, and astringency are important factors that determine a refreshing sharpness and rich body, and for indicators for optimally adjusting the balance of bitterness, sourness, and astringency, Many ingredients have been studied.
しかしながら、最終的なコーヒーの呈味、及び香味は、上述の通り、複数成分が複雑に関係していることから、単に一つの成分の含有量のみで、呈味性の評価を行うことは極めて困難であった。
一方で考慮する評価成分の種類が多すぎると、その調製が極めて困難となり、安定した味の提供が難しくなるという別途の問題を有していた。
また、一般的なレギュラーコーヒーは、主にホットで飲用されることが多いが、容器詰コーヒー飲料の場合は、常温からコールド状態で飲用されるシチュエーションも多い。
常温やコールドの状態では、ホット状態と比較して揮発性成分によるコーヒーの香気は弱くなる傾向であることから、“コーヒー感“をより確実に味わえるようにするためには、濃厚なコクと、スッキリとしたキレとのバランスが重要であり、コクとキレの調製には、ホットコーヒーよりも、より高い精度が求められる。
However, since the taste and flavor of the final coffee are complicatedly related to multiple components as described above, it is extremely difficult to evaluate the taste only with the content of one component. It was difficult.
On the other hand, when there are too many kinds of evaluation components to be considered, the preparation becomes extremely difficult, and it has a separate problem that it is difficult to provide a stable taste.
In addition, general regular coffee is often drunk mainly hot, but in the case of a packaged coffee beverage, there are many situations where it is drunk in a cold state from room temperature.
Since the aroma of coffee due to volatile components tends to be weaker at room temperature and cold than in the hot state, in order to more reliably enjoy the “coffee feeling”, A balance with a refreshing sharpness is important, and preparation of richness and sharpness requires higher accuracy than hot coffee.
本発明はこれらの問題を解決し、特にコールド状態から常温状態の温度域においても、効率的に最適な呈味性が得られ、濃厚なコクと、すっきりとしたキレを味わえると共に、これら味の調製を、容易に行うことが可能なコーヒー飲料及び容器詰コーヒー飲料、並びに容器詰コーヒー飲料の製造方法及び容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味改善方法を提供することを課題とし、これらの課題を満足する美味しい容器詰コーヒー飲料を提供するものである。 The present invention solves these problems, and in particular, even in the temperature range from cold to room temperature, it is possible to efficiently obtain optimum taste, and it is possible to taste rich and refreshing crispness. It is an object of the present invention to provide a coffee beverage and a packaged coffee beverage that can be easily prepared, a method for producing a packaged coffee beverage, and a method for improving the taste of the packaged coffee beverage, and satisfies these problems A delicious container-packed coffee drink.
本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、コーヒー抽出液中のキナ酸ラクトン(Quinic acid lactone)の含有量と、カフェイン含有量との相関値に着目し、これが所定の範囲内になるように調製することで、濃厚なコクと、すっきりとしたキレとのが両立しうる、濃くてスッキリとした良好な呈味及び香味を具備したコーヒー飲料が得られ、これを用いることによって、常温からコールド状態であっても良好な呈味及び香味を味わうことが可能な容器詰コーヒー飲料が得られることを見出した。
更に、コーヒー抽出液中と前記キナ酸ラクトンとタンニンの含有量との相関値を所定の範囲に調整することによって、更に苦味、酸味及び渋味のバランスが最適となりより美味しいコーヒー飲料及び容器詰コーヒー飲料が得られることを見出した。
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors paid attention to a correlation value between the content of quinic acid lactone (Quinic acid lactone) in coffee extract and the content of caffeine, so that this is within a predetermined range. By preparing, it is possible to obtain a coffee drink with a rich and refreshing good taste and flavor that can achieve both rich richness and refreshing sharpness, and by using this, it is possible to cold from room temperature It was found that a container-packed coffee beverage capable of tasting good taste and flavor even in the state can be obtained.
Furthermore, by adjusting the correlation value between the content of the coffee extract and the quinic acid lactone and tannin within a predetermined range, the balance of bitterness, sourness and astringency is further optimized, and more delicious coffee beverages and container-packed coffee It has been found that a beverage can be obtained.
(定義)
1.キナ酸ラクトン
キナ酸ラクトンは、キノラクトン、若しくはキニドとも称され、キナ酸のカルボキシル基と水酸基が脱水結合することにより生成され、以下の化学式で表され、キナ酸の環状部におけるエステル結合の配位位置によって、複数の種類のものが存在する。
以下は、1,5キノラクトンの構造を示すものである。
なお、キナ酸ラクトンの定量は、後述の実施例に記載する方法の他、公知の手法によって行うことができる。
(Definition)
1. Quinic acid lactone Quinic acid lactone, also called quinolactone or quinide, is produced by dehydration of the carboxyl group and hydroxyl group of quinic acid, and is represented by the following chemical formula. Coordination position of ester bond in the cyclic part of quinic acid There are a plurality of types.
The following shows the structure of 1,5 quinolactone.
The quinic acid lactone can be quantified by a known method in addition to the methods described in the examples below.
2.カフェイン
プリン環を有するプリンアルカロイド有機化合物である。
コーヒー類に多く含まれ、強心・興奮作用、覚醒作用を備えることが従来より知られている。
また、コーヒーの他、茶、チョコレート等にも含有され、苦味を呈し、コーヒーにおいても苦味成分の一つであるが、カフェインを除いた、所謂デカフェコーヒーにおいても変わらず苦味を有することから、コーヒーの苦味自体は、カフェインの他にも複数の成分が複雑に関与して形成されていると考えられる。
2. It is a purine alkaloid organic compound having a caffeine purine ring.
It has been known for a long time that it is contained in a large amount of coffee and has a cardiotonic / exciting and awakening effect.
In addition to coffee, it is also contained in tea, chocolate, etc., exhibits bitterness, and is one of the bitter components in coffee, but it has the same bitterness in so-called decaffeinated coffee, excluding caffeine, It is considered that the bitter taste of coffee itself is formed by a plurality of components involved in a complicated manner in addition to caffeine.
3.タンニン
タンニンとは、単一成分名ではなく、植物に含有されタンパク質、アルカロイド、金属イオンと反応し強く 結合して難溶性の塩を形成する水溶性化合物であり、ポリフェノール類に含まれる成分の総称である。
植物の種類によって、その成分構成は異なり、例えば茶であればカテキン類が挙げられるが、本願、すなわちコーヒーにおいては、上述の性質に非常に近い振る舞いを見せるクロロゲン酸類を総称するものとして定義される。
なお、従来クロロゲン酸類をカフェタンニンと称していたこともあったが、近年においては、この呼称が使われる頻度は少ない。
クロロゲン酸類は、コーヒー酸(ジヒロロキシケイ皮酸)とキナ酸のエステル結合化合物であり、キナ酸の環状部におけるコーヒー酸の配位位置及び配位数によって、5カフェオイルキナ酸(5CQA)、3,5ジカフェオイルキナ酸(3,5diCQA)等のように呼称が変化する。
クロロゲン酸類は、分解物であるコーヒー酸の他、ジカフェオイルキナ酸(diCQA)が渋味を呈し、また、クロロゲン酸のキナ酸部分のカルボキシル基が脱水することによって、生じるクロロゲン酸ラクトン(CQL)は、コーヒー独特の苦味を呈する成分として知られており、コーヒー飲料中において呈味を決定する重要な要素の一つといえる。
3. Tannin Tannin is not a single component name but a water-soluble compound that is contained in plants and reacts with proteins, alkaloids, and metal ions to form a sparingly soluble salt by binding strongly, and is a general term for the components contained in polyphenols. It is.
Depending on the type of plant, the composition of the ingredients varies. For example, tea is catechins, but in this application, that is, coffee, it is defined as a generic term for chlorogenic acids that behave very close to the properties described above. .
In the past, chlorogenic acids were sometimes referred to as caffetannins, but in recent years, this name is used less frequently.
Chlorogenic acids are ester bond compounds of caffeic acid (dihydroxycinnamic acid) and quinic acid. Depending on the coordination position and coordination number of caffeic acid in the cyclic part of quinic acid, 5 caffeoylquinic acid (5CQA), 3, The name changes such as 5 dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5 diCQA).
Chlorogenic acids include caffeic acid which is a decomposition product, dicaffeoylquinic acid (diCQA) has astringency, and chlorogenic acid lactone (CQL) produced by dehydration of the carboxyl group of the quinic acid portion of chlorogenic acid. ) Is known as a component exhibiting a bitter taste peculiar to coffee, and can be said to be one of the important factors determining the taste in coffee beverages.
このように、キナ酸ラクトンとカフェイン、及びタンニンは、コーヒーの基本的な味わいである濃厚なコクと、スッキリとしたキレの形成に関与しており、更に、本願発明の発明者は、前記カフェインと前記キナ酸ラクトンの含有量を所定の範囲に調製することによって、苦味と酸味のバランスが好適で、濃厚で深いコクとスッキリとしたキレが両立し、更には、前記キナ酸ラクトンと、タンニンの含有量(mg/100g)との相関が一定範囲にある場合に、更に渋味を含めて好適な呈味、及び香味を供えたコーヒー飲料、及び容器詰コーヒー飲料を得ることができることを見出した。 In this way, quinic acid lactone, caffeine, and tannin are involved in the formation of rich richness that is the basic taste of coffee and a refreshing sharpness. By adjusting the content of caffeine and the quinic acid lactone within a predetermined range, the balance between bitterness and sourness is suitable, and rich and deep richness and refreshing are compatible, and furthermore, the quinic acid lactone and In addition, when the correlation with the tannin content (mg / 100g) is within a certain range, it is possible to obtain a coffee beverage and a container-packed coffee beverage with a suitable taste and flavor including astringency. I found.
すなわち本発明は、詳述すれば以下のとおりである。
(1)
飲料液中のQAL(キナ酸ラクトン)濃度Bが30ppm〜180ppmであると共に、抽出液中のカフェイン濃度A(mg/100ml)と、前記QAL濃度Bとの比、B/Aが、0.7以上であることを特徴とするコーヒー飲料。
(2)
飲料液中のカフェイン濃度A(mg/100ml)と、前記QAL濃度B(ppm)との比、B/Aが、0.95〜3.0であることを特徴とする1のコーヒー飲料。
(3)
抽出液中のタンニン濃度C(mg/100g)と、前記QAL濃度B(ppm)との比、B/Cが、0.25以上であることを特徴とする1又は2のコーヒー飲料。
(4)
抽出液中のタンニン濃度C(mg/100g)と、前記QAL濃度B(ppm)との比、B/Cが、0.30〜1.00であることを特徴とする3のコーヒー飲料。
(5)
容器詰飲料であることを特徴とする4のコーヒー飲料。
(6)
ブラックコーヒーであることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のコーヒー飲料。
(7)
抽出液中のQAL(キナ酸ラクトン)濃度Bが30ppm〜180ppmの範囲に調整されると共に、抽出液中のカフェイン濃度A(mg/100ml)と、前記QAL濃度Bとの比、B/Aが、0.7以上となるように調整されることを特徴とする容器詰コーヒー飲料の製造方法。
(8)
抽出液中のタンニン濃度C(mg/100g)と、前記QAL濃度B(ppm)との比、B/Cが、0.25以上となるように調整されることを特徴とする7の容器詰コーヒー飲料の製造方法。
(9)
抽出液中のQAL(キナ酸ラクトン)濃度Bが30ppm〜180ppmの範囲に調整されると共に、抽出液中のカフェイン濃度A(mg/100ml)と、前記QAL濃度Bとの比、B/Aが、0.7以上となるように調整されることを特徴とする容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味改善方法。
(10)
抽出液中のタンニン濃度C(mg/100g)と、前記QAL濃度B(ppm)との比、B/Cが、0.25以上となるように調整されることを特徴とする9のコーヒー飲料の呈味改善方法。
That is, the present invention will be described in detail as follows.
(1)
The QAL (quinic acid lactone) concentration B in the beverage is 30 ppm to 180 ppm, and the ratio of caffeine concentration A (mg / 100 ml) in the extract to the QAL concentration B, B / A is 0.00. A coffee drink characterized by being 7 or more.
(2)
1. A coffee beverage according to 1, wherein the ratio of caffeine concentration A (mg / 100 ml) in the beverage to the QAL concentration B (ppm), B / A, is 0.95 to 3.0.
(3)
1 or 2 coffee beverages, wherein the ratio of the tannin concentration C (mg / 100 g) in the extract to the QAL concentration B (ppm), B / C, is 0.25 or more.
(4)
3. The coffee beverage according to 3, wherein the ratio of the tannin concentration C (mg / 100 g) in the extract to the QAL concentration B (ppm), B / C, is 0.30 to 1.00.
(5)
4. A coffee beverage characterized by being a container-packed beverage.
(6)
The coffee drink according to claim 4, wherein the coffee drink is black coffee.
(7)
The QAL (quinic acid lactone) concentration B in the extract is adjusted to a range of 30 ppm to 180 ppm, and the ratio between the caffeine concentration A (mg / 100 ml) in the extract and the QAL concentration B, B / A Is adjusted so that it may become 0.7 or more, The manufacturing method of the container-packed coffee drink characterized by the above-mentioned.
(8)
The container packing according to 7, wherein the ratio of the tannin concentration C (mg / 100 g) in the extract to the QAL concentration B (ppm), B / C, is adjusted to be 0.25 or more. A method for producing a coffee beverage.
(9)
The QAL (quinic acid lactone) concentration B in the extract is adjusted to a range of 30 ppm to 180 ppm, and the ratio between the caffeine concentration A (mg / 100 ml) in the extract and the QAL concentration B, B / A Is adjusted so that it may become 0.7 or more, The taste improvement method of the container-packed coffee drink characterized by the above-mentioned.
(10)
9 coffee drink, wherein the ratio of the tannin concentration C (mg / 100 g) in the extract to the QAL concentration B (ppm), B / C, is adjusted to be 0.25 or more Taste improvement method.
本発明によれば、コールド状態から常温状態の温度域においても、効率的に最適な呈味、及び香味が得られ、濃厚なコクと、すっきりとしたキレを味わえると共に、これら味の調製を、容易に行うことが可能なコーヒー飲料及び容器詰コーヒー飲料、並びに容器詰コーヒー飲料の製造方法及び容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味改善方法を提供することを課題とし、これらの課題を満足する美味しい容器詰コーヒー飲料を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, even in a temperature range from a cold state to a normal temperature state, an optimal taste and flavor can be efficiently obtained, and rich and rich and refreshing can be tasted. It is an object of the present invention to provide a coffee beverage and a containerized coffee beverage that can be easily performed, a method for producing a containerized coffee beverage, and a method for improving the taste of the containerized coffee beverage, and a delicious container that satisfies these issues A coffee drink can be provided.
本願発明の実施形態について、以下詳述するが、本願発明の技術的範囲から逸脱しない限りにおいて、以下に示す実施形態以外の公知手法を適宜選択することも可能である。 Although embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, known techniques other than the embodiments described below can be selected as appropriate without departing from the technical scope of the present invention.
1.コーヒー飲料
本実施形態においてコーヒー飲料とは、原料となるコーヒー豆を所定時間焙煎した後に粉砕したものを、熱湯により抽出する抽出工程を経て得られる抽出液を単体若しくは複数種混合して得られるものをいう。
使用するコーヒー豆の品種は、単独及び/又は2以上の豆種を混合して用いることができ、その混合比率も適宜変更することが可能である。
また、前記抽出工程は、任意の公知方法を適宜選択することができるが、紙製若しくは布製のフィルターを用いる方法が望ましい。
1. Coffee beverage In the present embodiment, a coffee beverage is obtained by roasting coffee beans as a raw material for a predetermined time and then pulverizing an extract obtained through an extraction step of extracting with hot water alone or in combination of a plurality of types. Say things.
The variety of coffee beans to be used can be used alone and / or a mixture of two or more kinds of beans, and the mixing ratio can be changed as appropriate.
In the extraction step, any known method can be appropriately selected, but a method using a paper or cloth filter is desirable.
抽出工程において得られる抽出液は、熱湯を加えてから抽出が完了するまでの全抽出液を採取しても良いが、全体抽出量に対し、前半部分に抽出された抽出液と、後半部分において抽出された抽出液で、キナ酸ラクトン、カフェイン、タンニンの含有量は夫々大きく異なることから、前半抽出液と、後半抽出液を夫々所定量を混合してコーヒー飲料を調整することもできる。 As for the extract obtained in the extraction step, the whole extract from the addition of hot water to the completion of the extraction may be collected, but the extract extracted in the first half and the second half of the total extraction amount Since the contents of quinic acid lactone, caffeine, and tannin differ greatly in the extracted extract, a predetermined amount of each of the first half extract and the second half extract can be mixed to prepare a coffee beverage.
コーヒー飲料を製造する場合は、前記の抽出工程に加え、凍結濃縮などの濃縮工程を経た抽出液を用いることもできる。
更に、前記濃縮工程に加え、濾過工程や遠心分離工程などの清澄化工程や、加熱殺菌、UV殺菌などの殺菌工程や、品質保持のための冷凍工程や乾燥工程や凍結乾燥工程などや、運搬の簡便性を図るための容器充填工程などを経ることができる。
本願のうち、コーヒー飲料にかかる発明の構成要素の各種数値は、コーヒー飲料としての完成形態における値を示すものである。
In the case of producing a coffee beverage, in addition to the extraction step described above, an extract obtained through a concentration step such as freeze concentration can also be used.
Furthermore, in addition to the concentration step, clarification step such as filtration step and centrifugation step, sterilization step such as heat sterilization and UV sterilization, freezing step for quality maintenance, drying step and lyophilization step, etc. It is possible to go through a container filling process for the sake of simplicity.
Among the present application, various numerical values of the constituent elements of the invention relating to the coffee beverage indicate values in a completed form as the coffee beverage.
また、本発明にかかるコーヒー飲料には、本願発明の技術的範囲を逸脱しない限りにおいて、ショ糖、グルコース、フルクトース、キシロース、果糖ブドウ糖液、糖アルコール等の糖分の他、抗酸化剤、pH調整剤、乳化剤、香料、並びに生乳、牛乳、全粉乳、脱脂粉乳、生クリーム、濃縮乳、脱脂乳、部分脱脂乳、及びれん乳等の乳成分といった添加物を添加することができるが、本実施形態にあっては、濃厚で深い味わいとスッキリ感、即ちコクとキレが両立した良好な呈味及び香味を具備したコーヒー飲料を提供すると言う本願の趣旨を鑑みて、コーヒー飲料及び/または容器詰コーヒー飲料は、乳成分を添加しないブラックコーヒーであり、特に常温からコールド状態で飲用される容器詰コーヒー飲料であることが望ましい。 In addition, the coffee beverage according to the present invention includes sugars such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, fructose glucose solution, sugar alcohol, antioxidants, pH adjustment, and the like without departing from the technical scope of the present invention. Additives, emulsifiers, fragrances, and additives such as milk components such as raw milk, cow's milk, whole milk powder, skim milk powder, fresh cream, concentrated milk, skim milk, partially skimmed milk, and milk can be added. In the form, in view of the purpose of the present application to provide a coffee beverage having a rich and deep taste and a refreshing feeling, that is, a good taste and flavor that are both rich and crisp, a coffee beverage and / or a container The coffee beverage is black coffee to which no milk component is added, and is preferably a container-packed coffee beverage that is drunk in a cold state from room temperature.
また、前記抗酸化剤としては、アスコルビン酸又はその塩、エリソルビン酸又はその塩等が挙げられるが、このうちアスコルビン酸又はその塩等が特に望ましい。 Examples of the antioxidant include ascorbic acid or a salt thereof, erythorbic acid or a salt thereof, etc. Among them, ascorbic acid or a salt thereof is particularly desirable.
また、前記乳化剤としては、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、レシチン類、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル等を選択することができる。 As the emulsifier, sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, lecithin, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester and the like can be selected.
2.原料豆
また、抽出に用いるコーヒー豆の産地としては、ブラジル、コロンビア、タンザニア、モカ等が挙げられるが、特に限定されない。また、コーヒー豆の品種としては、アラビカ種、ロブスタ種等が挙げられる。コーヒー豆は、1種類で用いても、2種以上をブレンドして用いてもよい。コーヒー豆の焙煎は公知の方法を用いて行い、各成分の調整に必要な抽出物を得るために焙煎の程度(L値)についても適宜調整することができる。
2. Examples of raw beans and coffee beans used for extraction include, but are not limited to, Brazil, Colombia, Tanzania, and mocha. Examples of coffee bean varieties include Arabica and Robusta. One kind of coffee beans may be used, or two or more kinds may be blended and used. Coffee beans are roasted using a known method, and the degree of roasting (L value) can be adjusted as appropriate in order to obtain an extract necessary for adjusting each component.
3.容器
本実施形態に係るコーヒー飲料の容器としては、PETボトル、缶(アルミニウム、スチール)、紙、プラスチック、レトルトパウチ、瓶(ガラス)等が挙げられる。レトルト殺菌処理への耐用性においては、缶(アルミニウム、スチール)、若しくは強化層や酸素吸収層などを有する強化型プラスチック容器を用いることが望ましい。
3. Containers As containers for coffee beverages according to the present embodiment, PET bottles, cans (aluminum, steel), paper, plastics, retort pouches, bottles (glass), and the like can be given. In terms of durability to retort sterilization, it is desirable to use a can (aluminum, steel) or a reinforced plastic container having a reinforced layer, an oxygen absorbing layer, or the like.
本実施形態に係るコーヒー飲料の殺菌処理は、例えば金属缶のように容器に充填後加熱殺菌できる場合にあっては、食品衛生法に定められた殺菌条件で行われる。殺菌方法としては、レトルト殺菌等が挙げられる。
耐熱性を有する金属缶等を容器に用いる場合は、容器充填後に121℃、10分間のレトルト殺菌を実施することもできる。
The sterilization treatment of the coffee beverage according to the present embodiment is performed under the sterilization conditions stipulated in the Food Sanitation Law when the container can be sterilized by heating after filling into a container such as a metal can. Examples of the sterilization method include retort sterilization.
When using a metal can or the like having heat resistance in a container, retort sterilization at 121 ° C. for 10 minutes can be performed after filling the container.
4.キナ酸ラクトン(QAL)
本実施形態において、コーヒー飲料中のQALの含有量は、30〜180ppmであり、35〜175ppmであることがより好ましく、40〜170であることが最も望ましい。キナ酸ラクトンが30ppm未満若しくは180ppmを超過すると、コーヒー飲料の製造過程及び保存過程において、コクが不足若しくは過剰となり、キレとのバランスが取れなくなり、呈味、及び香味が損なわれる。
4). Quinic acid lactone (QAL)
In the present embodiment, the QAL content in the coffee beverage is 30 to 180 ppm, more preferably 35 to 175 ppm, and most preferably 40 to 170. If the quinic acid lactone is less than 30 ppm or more than 180 ppm, the richness becomes insufficient or excessive in the production and storage process of the coffee beverage, the balance with the sharpness is lost, and the taste and flavor are impaired.
5.その他成分
本実施形態において、コーヒー飲料に含有する成分としては、前記キナ酸ラクトン、カフェイン、及びタンニンの他、クロロゲン酸等のポリフェノール類、酢酸・リンゴ酸・クエン酸等の有機酸類、香気に関与するピラジン類などの各種化合物、及びニコチン酸など含有される。
上述の各成分の含有量は、コーヒー飲料を混合することによって変動しても、本願発明の要件を満たす限りにおいては、本願発明の効果を享受することができる。
5. Other ingredients In this embodiment, the ingredients contained in the coffee beverage include the quinic acid lactone, caffeine, and tannin, polyphenols such as chlorogenic acid, organic acids such as acetic acid, malic acid, and citric acid, and aroma. It contains various compounds such as pyrazines involved and nicotinic acid.
Even if the content of each of the above-described components varies by mixing the coffee beverage, the effect of the present invention can be enjoyed as long as the requirements of the present invention are satisfied.
本実施例において、キナ酸ラクトン以外の含有量は下記の通りとした。
(カフェイン)
呈味性への影響が大きいカフェインの含有量A(mg/100ml)と前記キナ酸ラクトン(QAL)の含有量B(ppm)との比、B/Aは、0.7以上であり、0.95〜3.0がより望ましく、1.00〜2.9であること更に望ましい。
また、B/Aが前記の範囲となるようにする上で、カフェイン含有量B(mg/100ml)は40〜100であることが好ましく、40〜90であることがなお好ましく、40〜80であることが更に好ましく、50〜70であることが最も望ましい。
これによって本発明の効果を享受でき、かつ呈味、及び香味に優れた、コーヒー飲料組成物及び/又はコーヒー飲料を得ることができる。
In this example, the contents other than quinic acid lactone were as follows.
(caffeine)
The ratio of the content A (mg / 100 ml) of caffeine having a great influence on the taste and the content B (ppm) of the quinic acid lactone (QAL), B / A is 0.7 or more, 0.95-3.0 is more desirable, and it is further desirable that it is 1.00-2.9.
Moreover, when making B / A become said range, it is preferable that caffeine content B (mg / 100ml) is 40-100, and it is still more preferable that it is 40-90, 40-80 More preferably, it is most preferable that it is 50-70.
Thereby, the effect of the present invention can be enjoyed, and a coffee beverage composition and / or a coffee beverage excellent in taste and flavor can be obtained.
(タンニン)
また、クロロゲン酸類等のコーヒーポリフェノールからなり、コーヒーの渋味物質であるタンニンの含有量(mg/100g)Cと、前記キナ酸ラクトン(QAL)の含有量B(ppm)との比、B/Cは、0.25以上であることが望ましく、0.3〜1.2であることがより望ましく、0.3〜1.1が更に望ましい。
また、タンニンの含有量(mg/100g)は、90〜250であることが望ましく、100〜240であることがなお好ましく、110〜230であることが更に好ましい。
(Tannin)
The ratio of tannin content (mg / 100 g) C, which is a coffee astringent substance of coffee, such as chlorogenic acids, and the content B (ppm) of quinic acid lactone (QAL), B / C is preferably 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.3 to 1.2, and still more preferably 0.3 to 1.1.
The tannin content (mg / 100 g) is preferably 90 to 250, more preferably 100 to 240, and still more preferably 110 to 230.
(有機酸類等)
本実施形態におけるコーヒー飲料組成物及び/又はコーヒー飲料に含有される有機酸類として、キナ酸、クエン酸、グリコール酸、乳酸、ギ酸、酢酸等を含有することができる。
(Organic acids, etc.)
As organic acids contained in the coffee beverage composition and / or coffee beverage in the present embodiment, quinic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid and the like can be contained.
(pH)
本実施形態におけるコーヒー飲料組成物及び/又はコーヒー飲料のpHは弱酸領域である5.0〜6.5であることが望ましく、5.4〜6.2の範囲であることが更に望ましい。
(PH)
The pH of the coffee beverage composition and / or coffee beverage in the present embodiment is preferably in the weak acid range of 5.0 to 6.5, and more preferably in the range of 5.4 to 6.2.
(その他添加物)
また、本実施形態においては、呈味性に悪影響を与えない範囲において、pH調製剤、例えば炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)等を添加することができる。
炭酸水素ナトリウムの場合、公知の方法でもって得られるものを用いることができる他、市販品を用いることもできる。
(Other additives)
In the present embodiment, a pH adjuster such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) can be added within a range that does not adversely affect the taste.
In the case of sodium hydrogen carbonate, those obtained by a known method can be used, and commercially available products can also be used.
以下に容器詰コーヒー飲料を例として、本発明を実施例によってさらに具体的に説明する
が、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples using a packaged coffee beverage as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
1.コーヒー飲料の製造
本実施例においては、以下の表1に示す条件で複数のコーヒー抽出液(抽出液1〜抽出液7)を準備し、これらを適宜混合することによって、実施例及び比較例試料を調製した。
前述の通り、コーヒー抽出液におけるキナ酸ラクトン、カフェイン、タンニン等の含有量は、夫々異なることから、表1に示すように、予め複数種のコーヒー抽出液を準備し、これらを公知の手段を用いて混合、調製することによって、所望の成分構成のコーヒー飲料を調製することができる。
なお、各成分の測定方法については特に制約はないが、本実施例においては、以下の方法によってキナ酸ラクトンの含有量を測定した。
1. Production of Coffee Beverage In this example, a plurality of coffee extract liquids (extract liquid 1 to extract liquid 7) were prepared under the conditions shown in Table 1 below, and these were mixed as appropriate so that the examples and comparative example samples Was prepared.
As described above, since the contents of quinic acid lactone, caffeine, tannin and the like in the coffee extract are different from each other, as shown in Table 1, a plurality of types of coffee extracts are prepared in advance, and these are known means. A coffee beverage having a desired component constitution can be prepared by mixing and preparing using the above.
In addition, although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the measuring method of each component, In a present Example, content of quinic acid lactone was measured with the following method.
キナ酸ラクトンの定量は、下記の条件による超高速液体クロマトグラフィー(UPLC)およびトリプル四重極質量分析装置(TQD)を用い、キナ酸ラクトン標準品による絶対検量線法によって行った。
=UPLC条件=
・カラム: ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1mmΦx100mm、ウォーターズ株式会社)
・ 移動相:
A:MilliQ水
B:アセトニトリル
・流速:0.2ml/min
・カラム温度:40℃
・グラディエント条件:
分析開始から2分まではB液5%、
2.1分からB液60%に切り替え、4.5分まで保持、
4.6分からB液5%に切り替え、8分まで5%保持
・注入量:2μL
=TQD条件=
・分析モード:ESIネガティブ Vモード
・ソース温度:120℃
・デソルベーション温度:400℃
・キャピラリー電圧:2.5kV
・サンプリングコーン電圧:35V
・デソルベーションガス:600L/Hr
・スキャンタイム:0.2セカンド
・コリジョン電圧:10V
・チャンネル:m/z173 > m/z93
・標準物質:キナ酸ラクトン(略記:QAL
Quinic acid lactone was quantified by an absolute calibration curve method using a quinic acid lactone standard product using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQD) under the following conditions.
= UPLC condition =
Column: ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mmΦx100 mm, Waters Corporation)
・ Mobile phase:
A: MilliQ water B: Acetonitrile ・ Flow rate: 0.2 ml / min
-Column temperature: 40 ° C
・ Gradient condition:
From the start of analysis up to 2 minutes, solution B is 5%,
Switch from 2.1 minutes to 60% solution B, hold for 4.5 minutes,
Switch from 4.6 minutes to 5% solution B, hold 5% until 8 minutes. Injection volume: 2 μL
= TQD condition =
・ Analysis mode: ESI negative V mode ・ Source temperature: 120 ℃
Desolvation temperature: 400 ° C
・ Capillary voltage: 2.5 kV
・ Sampling cone voltage: 35V
Desolvation gas: 600L / Hr
Scan time: 0.2 second collision voltage: 10V
・ Channel: m / z 173> m / z 93
・ Standard substance: quinic acid lactone (abbreviation: QAL
本実施例においては、以下の条件によって抽出したコーヒー抽出液を準備した。また、抽出タイミングとは、抽出全量において、前半半分の抽出物及び後半半分の抽出物のいずれかのみを採取するか、抽出全量を採取するかの違いを表している。 In this example, a coffee extract extracted under the following conditions was prepared. In addition, the extraction timing represents the difference in whether only one of the first half of the extract and the second half of the extract is collected or the whole extraction is collected.
(実施例試料、比較例試料の調製)
前記コーヒー抽出液を公知の手法によって所定割合混合することによって、以下の表2における実施例試料1乃至8及び、比較例試料1乃至4を調製し、無菌空間において飲用缶へ充填し、直ちに密封した。
また、調製にあっては、必要に応じて前記コーヒー抽出液を水で希釈したものを用いてもよく、また所定濃度に濃縮して用いても良い。
(Preparation of Example Sample and Comparative Sample)
Example samples 1 to 8 and Comparative sample samples 1 to 4 in Table 2 below are prepared by mixing the coffee extract in a predetermined ratio by a known method, filled in drinking cans in a sterile space, and immediately sealed. did.
In preparation, if necessary, the coffee extract diluted with water may be used, or it may be concentrated to a predetermined concentration.
2.官能評価
前記表2の通りに調整された実施例1乃至8、及び比較例1乃至4について、以下の評価項目により官能評価試験を実施した。
官能評価試験は、7人のパネラーに委託して行い、各項目を以下に示す基準で評価したものである。ここで、表中の数値は、7人のパネラーの評価の平均値を算出(小数点は四捨五入)したものである。
<ロースト感>
5点:非常に強く感じられる
4点:強く感じられる
3点:普通
2点:やや弱い
1点:弱すぎる
<濃厚なコク>
5点:非常に強く感じられる
4点:強く感じられる
3点:普通
2点:やや弱い
1点:弱すぎる
<すっきりとしたキレ>
5点:スッキリ感が非常に良い
4点:スッキリ感がある
3点:普通
2点:やや口に残る
1点:非常に口に残る
<常温以下での香り立ち>
5点:非常に強く感じる
4点:強く感じる
3点:十分感じる
2点:やや感じる
1点:香りが少ない
<香味バランス>
個別の評価項目の全体バランス
5点:非常に良好
4点:良好
3点:普通
2点:ややバランス悪い
1点:バランスが悪い
<総合評価>
各評価項目を総合的に勘案して、商品としての適性を評価した。
◎:商品としての適性に非常に優れている
○:商品としての適性に優れている
△:商品としての適性は標準的である
×:商品としての適性に劣っている
前記の各評価項目について実施例及び比較例の評価を行った結果を表3に示す。
2. Sensory evaluation For Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 adjusted as shown in Table 2 above, sensory evaluation tests were performed according to the following evaluation items.
The sensory evaluation test was conducted by entrusting 7 panelists to evaluate each item according to the following criteria. Here, the numerical values in the table are calculated by calculating the average value of the evaluation of seven panelists (the decimal point is rounded off).
<A feeling of roast>
5 points: feels very strong 4 points: feels strong 3 points: normal 2 points: slightly weak 1 point: too weak <dense rich>
5 points: Feels very strong 4 points: Feels strong 3 points: Normal 2 points: Slightly weak 1 point: Too weak <Neat sharpness>
5 points: Very refreshing feeling 4 points: Refreshing feeling 3 points: Normal 2 points: Slightly left in mouth 1 point: Very left in mouth
5 points: feel very strong 4 points: feel strong 3 points: feel enough 2 points: feel a little 1 point: little fragrance <flavor balance>
Overall balance of individual evaluation items 5 points: Very good 4 points: Good 3 points: Normal 2 points: Somewhat poor balance 1 point: Bad balance <Overall evaluation>
The suitability as a product was evaluated by comprehensively considering each evaluation item.
◎: very good suitability as a product ○: good suitability as a product △: suitability as a product is standard ×: implemented for each of the above evaluation items that are poor in suitability as a product Table 3 shows the results of evaluation of examples and comparative examples.
(考察)
官能評価を行った結果、キナ酸ラクトンの含有量及びキナ酸ラクトンとカフェインの含有量との比率を夫々本願に示す所定範囲に調製することによって、濃厚なコクがありながら、飲んだ後のキレが良くすっきりとした味わいで、特にコールド〜常温の温度域において一番美味しく感じられる好適なコーヒー飲料、及び容器詰コーヒー飲料を得られることが確認できた。
また、更にキナ酸ラクトンとタンニンの含有量の比率を本願に示す所定範囲に調製することによって、更に呈味性が向上することが確認された。
(Discussion)
As a result of sensory evaluation, by adjusting the content of quinic acid lactone and the ratio of quinic acid lactone and caffeine content within the predetermined ranges shown in the present application, It was confirmed that a suitable coffee beverage and a container-packed coffee beverage that can be felt most deliciously in a temperature range from cold to room temperature can be obtained with a clean and clear taste.
Further, it was confirmed that the taste was further improved by adjusting the ratio of the contents of quinic acid lactone and tannin to the predetermined range shown in the present application.
本発明は、コーヒー飲料、特に常温からコールド状態で飲用される容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味及び香味を改善しうるコーヒー飲料及び容器詰コーヒー飲料の製造方法、並びに容器詰コーヒー飲料の呈味改善方法に利用可能である。 The present invention relates to a coffee beverage that can improve the taste and flavor of a coffee beverage, particularly a container-packed coffee beverage that is drunk in a cold state from room temperature, a method for producing a container-packed coffee beverage, and a method for improving the taste of a container-packed coffee beverage. Is available.
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