JP2014129288A - Control method of nematode - Google Patents
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- JP2014129288A JP2014129288A JP2012288137A JP2012288137A JP2014129288A JP 2014129288 A JP2014129288 A JP 2014129288A JP 2012288137 A JP2012288137 A JP 2012288137A JP 2012288137 A JP2012288137 A JP 2012288137A JP 2014129288 A JP2014129288 A JP 2014129288A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、作物のセンチュウ（線虫）からの防除方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for controlling crops from nematodes.
イネ科植物には、エンドファイトと呼ばれる糸状菌が共生することが知られている。このエンドファイトは、他の病原菌とは異なり、病原性を示すことはなく、植物の耐虫性や耐病性を向上させることが知られている。これは、エンドファイトが生産する生理活性物質の中でアルカロイドや抗菌物質が、害虫や病原菌に対して、作用を及ぼしていると考えられる（非特許文献１）。 It is known that filamentous fungi called endophyte coexist in grasses. Unlike other pathogenic bacteria, this endophyte does not show pathogenicity and is known to improve the insect resistance and disease resistance of plants. It is considered that alkaloids and antibacterial substances are acting on pests and pathogens among physiologically active substances produced by endophyte (Non-patent Document 1).
これまでのエンドファイトに関する特許としては、「共生菌の選抜法（種々の害虫に対するエンドファイト共生植物の耐虫性検定法に関する特許：特許文献１）」や「エンドファイトが共生している植物及びその用途（エンドファイト共生芝草に芝草の虫害および病害の防除への利用に関する特許：特許文献２）」等があるが、センチュウ防除に関する特許はこれまでない。
エンドファイトが共生したトールフェスクが、トールフェスクに感染するネグサレセンチュウ(Pratylenchus scribneri)やラセンセンチュウ(Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus)に防除効果があることが報告されている（参照：非特許文献３）。しかし、エンドファイトが共生したトールフェスクをトマトやヤマイモなどの植物と混植することによって、あるいは前作して鋤き込むことによって、トマトなどの植物のネコブセンチュウによる被害を減少させる報告は、これまで国内外で確認できていない。
現状では、センチュウによる作物の被害は甚大にも関わらず、その防除は農薬に依存せざるを得ない状況である。しかし、農薬の毒性、環境負荷の大きさから、農薬に依存しないセンチュウ防除法の開発が望まれている。
Patents related to endophyte so far include "selection methods for symbiotic bacteria (patents relating to insect resistance test methods for endophytic symbiotic plants against various pests: Patent Document 1)" and "plants in which endophytes are symbiotic and Its use (patent related to the use of endophyte symbiotic turfgrass for the control of insect damage and disease of turfgrass: Patent Document 2), etc., but there has been no patent relating to nematode control.
It has been reported that tall fescue symbiotic with endophyte has a controlling effect on Nepalese nematode (Pratylenchus scribneri) and nematode (Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus) infected with tall fescue (Reference: Non-Patent Document 3). However, reports of reducing the damage caused by root-knot nematodes on plants such as tomatoes by mixing planted tall fescue with endophytes with plants such as tomatoes and yams have been introduced so far It has not been confirmed.
At present, crop damage caused by nematodes is enormous, but the control of these crops must depend on pesticides. However, development of a nematode control method that does not depend on pesticides is desired due to the toxicity of the pesticides and the large environmental burden.
トマトなどの植物のネコブセンチュウによる被害を減少させるために、可能な限り農薬を使わない方法を提供することが課題である。 To reduce the damage caused by root-knot nematodes on plants such as tomatoes, it is a challenge to provide a method that uses as little pesticides as possible.
本発明者らは、前記の課題を解決するために研究した結果、エンドファイトが共生した永年性のトールフェスクをトマトと混植することによって、トマトのネコブセンチュウによる被害を減じることができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of researches to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that the damage caused by root-knot nematodes on tomatoes can be reduced by coexisting perennial tall fescue symbiotic with endophyte with tomatoes. It came to complete.
エンドファイトが共生した永年性のトールフェスクがセンチュウ害を顕著に減少させることができた。さらに、園芸作物には直接エンドファイトが寄生していないので、ヒトが園芸食物を食する場合にも安全である。 Permanent tall fescue with endophyte symbiosis could significantly reduce nematode damage. Furthermore, since horticultural crops are not directly parasitized with endophytes, it is safe for humans to eat horticultural food.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
（本発明で使用するイネ科植物）
本発明で使用するイネ科植物は、エンドファイトが共生していれば特に限定されないが、家畜毒性アルカロイドを産出しないエンドファイトが共生していることが好ましい。
加えて、本発明で使用するイネ科植物は、好ましくは、永年植物であることが好ましい。家畜毒性アルカロイドを産生しないエンドファイトはイタリアンライグラスで報告があるが、イタリアンライグラスは１年生植物で５〜６月には穂が出て枯れてしまうため、適用範囲が限定される。
下記実施例１で示したように、永年植物であるエンドファイトが共生しておりかつ家畜毒性アルカロイド産出をしないトールフェスクは長期に渡ってセンチュウ害を減少させることができることを確認している。
その他の好ましいイネ科植物の例としては、エンドファイトが共生しているメドウフェスク、ペレニアルライグラス、チューイングフェスク、ハードフェスク、ファインフェスク等が挙げられる。
(Gramineae plant used in the present invention)
The gramineous plant used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as endophytes are symbiotic, but it is preferable that endophytes that do not produce livestock toxic alkaloids are symbiotic.
In addition, the gramineous plant used in the present invention is preferably a permanent plant. Endophytes that do not produce livestock toxic alkaloids have been reported in Italian ryegrass, but Italian ryegrass is an annual plant that grows and dies in May to June, so the scope of application is limited.
As shown in Example 1 below, it has been confirmed that tall fescue in which endophytes as perennial plants are symbiotic and does not produce livestock toxic alkaloids can reduce nematode damage over a long period of time.
Examples of other preferable gramineous plants include medusa fescue, perennial ryegrass, chewing fescue, hard fescue, fine fescue and the like in which endophyte is symbiotic.
（本発明のセンチュウから防除する園芸作物）
本発明のセンチュウから防御する園芸作物は、特に限定されないが、センチュウ被害が甚大であるトマト、ヤマイモが挙げられるが特に限定されない。その他の例として、サツマイモ、ジャガイモ、ナガイモ、コンニャクなどイモ類やキク、ハクサイ、カブ、メロン、キュウリ、インゲンマメ、ササゲ、ニンジン、バラ、ナス、ショウガ、イチジク等が挙げられる。
(Horticultural crops to control from nematodes of the present invention)
The horticultural crops that protect against the nematode of the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tomato and yam that cause severe nematode damage, but are not particularly limited. Other examples include potatoes such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, potatoes, konjacs, chrysanthemums, Chinese cabbages, turnips, melons, cucumbers, kidney beans, cowpeas, carrots, roses, eggplants, ginger, figs, and the like.
（本発明のセンチュウ）
本発明の防除対象は、トマトに甚大な被害を及ぼすサツマイモネコブセンチュウだけでなく、キタネコブセンチュウ、ジャワネコブセンチュウ、キタネグサレセンチュウ、ミナミネグサレセンチュウ、ダイズシストセンチュウ、ジャガイモシストセンチュウ等のなど種々のセンチュウについても防除効果が期待できる。
(The nematode of the present invention)
The subject of control of the present invention is not only sweet potato nematodes that cause enormous damage to tomatoes, but also various nematodes such as northern root-knot nematodes, Java root-knot nematodes, red-knot nematodes, southern nematode nematodes, soybean cyst nematodes, potato cyst nematodes, etc. The control effect can be expected.
（本発明の防除方法）
本発明の防除する方法は、一例として、エンドファイトが共生しているイネ科植物をセンチュウから防除する園芸作物と混植する又は前作して鋤き込む。
また、混植する場合の混植する量は、園芸作物１株に対して、イネ科植物１株〜１０株、好ましくは２〜５株、より好ましくは３〜４株である。加えて、イネ科植物は、園芸作物を囲むように植えることが好ましい。
加えて、前作して鋤き込む方法の例としては、「エンドファイトが共生しているイネ科植物を栽培して、その後生育したら、緑肥の場合と同様に耕耘機で土に鋤き込んでしまうこと」である。
(Control method of the present invention)
As an example, the control method of the present invention is to plant a grass plant in which endophyte is symbiotic with a horticultural crop to be controlled from nematode or to plant it in advance.
Moreover, the amount to be mixed in the case of mixed planting is 1 to 10 gramineous plants, preferably 2 to 5 strains, more preferably 3 to 4 strains, with respect to one horticultural crop. In addition, it is preferable to plant the grass family so as to surround the horticultural crop.
In addition, as an example of the method of planting and planting the previous crop, “If you cultivate gramineous plants where endophyte is symbiotic, and then grow, plant it in the soil with a cultivator as in the case of green manure. It is "to end."
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（エンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクの調製）
エンドファイト共生植物を国内外で多数収集し、その中から家畜毒性アルカロイド（エルゴバリン、ロリトレムB）を産生することなく、耐虫性アルカロイド（N-ホルミルロリンとN-アセチルロリン）のみを産生するエンドファイトが共生したトールフェスクを選抜した（参照：下記表１）。
(Preparation of tall fescue with endophyte symbiosis)
A large number of endophytic symbiotic plants are collected in Japan and overseas, and only insect-resistant alkaloids (N-formylrollin and N-acetylroline) are produced without producing livestock toxic alkaloids (ergovalin, lolitrem B). Tall fescue in which the fight was symbiotic was selected (see: Table 1 below).
（フィールド実験）
上記実施例１で得られたエンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクが園芸作物と混植することによりセンチュウの防除をできるかどうかを確認した。詳細は、以下の通りである。
(Field experiment)
It was confirmed whether the tall fescue symbiotic with the endophyte obtained in Example 1 can be controlled with nematodes by co-planting with horticultural crops. Details are as follows.
（フィールド実験方法）
サツマイモネコブセンチュウが多数いる圃場で、エンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域（Ｅ＋）、エンドファイトが共生していないトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域（Ｅ−）及び混植をしなかった区域（No treatment）を設け、トマト根でのサツマイモネコブセンチュウによる根こぶの発生の観察、根こぶの発生量及び根こぶ発生度（参照：下記表２：実験は５反復で行った）を測定した。なお、混植区域には、トマト１苗当たり３株のトールフェスクを植えた。
(Field experiment method)
In a field with a large number of sweet potato nematodes, there was a mixed area of tall fescue and tomato that coexisted with endophyte (E +), a mixed area of tall fescue and tomato that did not coexist with endophyte (E-), and no mixed planting. An area (No treatment) was established, and observation of the occurrence of root nodules by the root-knot nematode on tomato roots, the amount of root nodules and the degree of root nodules (see Table 2 below: the experiment was repeated 5 times) were measured. . In the mixed planting area, 3 tall fescue plants were planted per tomato seedling.
（フィールド実験の結果）
フィールド実験の結果を図１及び図２に示す。図１及び図２から明らかなように、エンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域（図１Ｃ、図２Ｃ）は、エンドファイトが共生してしないトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域（図１Ｂ、図２Ｂ）及び混植をしなかった区域（図１Ａ、図２Ａ）と比較して、センチュウ害が顕著に減少した。エンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域の根こぶのセンチュウ害は、エンドファイトが共生していないトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域の根こぶのセンチュウ害（100％）と比較して、約10％となった。すなわち、エンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクを混植することにより、センチュウ害を約10分１までに低減できるという顕著な効果を確認した。
加えて、別の指標として、エンドファイトが共生しているトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域の根こぶの発生度での指標は、エンドファイトが共生してしないトールフェスクとトマトを混植した区域の根こぶの発生度及び混植をしなかった区域の根こぶの発生度の指標と比較して、それぞれ、約35.2％及び約30％となった（参照：下記表３）。
(Results of field experiment)
The results of the field experiment are shown in FIGS. As is clear from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the area where the tall fescue and tomato symbiotic with endophyte (FIG. 1C, FIG. 2C) is the area where the tall fescue and tomato not symbiotic with endophyte (FIG. 1C). 1B, FIG. 2B) and nematode damage were significantly reduced compared to the non-mixed areas (FIG. 1A, FIG. 2A). The root-knot nematode damage in the area mixed with tall fescue and tomatoes where endophyte is symbiotic compared to the root-knot nematode damage in areas where tall fescue and tomatoes are not symbiotic with endophyte (100%) About 10%. That is, the remarkable effect that the nematode damage can be reduced to about one-tenth by confirming that the tall fescue symbiotic with endophyte was mixed was confirmed.
In addition, as another indicator, the index of the incidence of root humps in the area where endfights coexisted with tall fescue and tomatoes is the index of the root humps in areas where endfights were not coexisting with tall fescue and tomatoes. It was about 35.2% and about 30%, respectively, compared with the index of the incidence of the gallbladder and the incidence of the hump in the area that was not mixed planting (see Table 3 below).
エンドファイトが共生した永年性のトールフェスクがセンチュウ害を顕著に減少させることができた。このようなエンドファイトをセンチュウ防除に利用する本発明は、園芸農業分野での利用可能性が非常に高い。特に、園芸作物には直接エンドファイトが寄生していないので、ヒトが園芸食物を食する場合にも安全である。 Permanent tall fescue with endophyte symbiosis could significantly reduce nematode damage. The present invention in which such an endfight is used for controlling nematodes has very high applicability in the field of horticultural agriculture. In particular, since horticultural crops are not directly parasitized with endophytes, it is safe even when humans eat horticultural food.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521484A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-22 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | Cultivation method for preventing tomato root-knot nematode worms |
| CN104641881A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-27 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | High-yield planting method of intercropping collard and autumn sorghum |
| CN105027961A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-11-11 | 范茂瑄 | Cultivation method for edible roses with combination of forest and field crops |
| CN108541501A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-18 | 普安县红星种养殖有限责任公司 | A kind of rose of Sharon and ginger interplanting method |
| JP2020523386A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-08-06 | バイオテリガ ホールディングス リミティド | Alkaloid-containing composition and use thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521484A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-22 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | Cultivation method for preventing tomato root-knot nematode worms |
| CN104521484B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-22 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | A kind of cultural method preventing tomato root-knot eelworm |
| CN104641881A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-27 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | High-yield planting method of intercropping collard and autumn sorghum |
| CN105027961A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-11-11 | 范茂瑄 | Cultivation method for edible roses with combination of forest and field crops |
| JP2020523386A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-08-06 | バイオテリガ ホールディングス リミティド | Alkaloid-containing composition and use thereof |
| JP7301754B2 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2023-07-03 | バイオテリガ ホールディングス リミティド | Alkaloid-containing composition and use thereof |
| CN108541501A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-18 | 普安县红星种养殖有限责任公司 | A kind of rose of Sharon and ginger interplanting method |
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|---|---|
| JP6101912B2 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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