JP2014125722A - Dredged sediment separating method and dredge device to be used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dredged sediment separating method for enabling easy and inexpensive construction and efficient separation of foreign matter mixed sediment into sediment components and foreign matters such as chips.SOLUTION: A grab bucket 2 has permeation parts 11, 11 in the bottom for sediment components 22 to permeate therethrough. The grab bucket 2 dredging foreign matter mixed sediment 20 from a water bottom A is moved to a water surface, separation promoting work is repeated for moving up and down the grab bucket 2 from the water surface to separate the foreign matter mixed sediment 20 into the sediment components 22 and foreign matters 21. The separated sediment components 22 are only settled on a water bottom A through the permeation parts 11, 11. Then, the foreign matters 21, 21 remaining in the grab bucket 2 are collected.

Description

  The present invention is a method for separating dredged soil that separates dredged soil mixed with foreign matters such as wood chips into sediment components and foreign materials when dredging sediment deposited on the bottom of a port using a grab dredger or backhoe. And a dredge apparatus used therefor.

  As a dredging device for dredging the bottom of a port or the like, a device using a grab bucket for grabbing the bottom sediment such as a grab dredger is generally widely known.

  When dredging equipment with this grab bucket is used to dredge soil containing a large amount of foreign matter such as wood chips deposited on the bottom of the water, the dredged soil containing foreign matter (hereinafter referred to as foreign matter mixed sediment) is converted to sand and other sediment components. It is desirable to separate them into foreign materials such as trash and wood fragments, and to reuse the earth and sand components and wood fragments respectively.

  Conventionally, as a method of separating foreign matter mixed earth and sand into earth and sand components and foreign substances, a sieve such as a vibrating sieve has been installed at the earth and sand inlet of the earth and sand carrier ship and the pumping device, and the foreign substance mixed earth and sand grabbed with a grab bucket is attached to this sieve. A method is widely used in which only the earth and sand components are sifted down under the screen and the foreign matters remaining on the screen are separately collected (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In addition, as another method of separating foreign matter mixed earth and sand into earth and sand components and foreign substances, a method of separating using a specific gravity difference between sand and foreign substances contained in dredged sand (for example, see Patent Document 2), A separation method using a filtration device (see, for example, Patent Document 3) is also widely known.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-055198 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-137910 JP 2002-254063 A

  However, in the separation method using the conventional sieve such as the vibration sieve as described above, there is a problem that the earth and sand components and the foreign matters are not sufficiently separated, and many earth and sand components remain on the sieve together with the foreign matters. For this reason, in addition to the separation work by the sieve, there is a case where a separate work by human power or the like is required, and the work time and work cost are increased accordingly, and the foreign matter separation efficiency may be lowered.

  In addition, when a sieve such as a vibrating sieve is used, clogging of the sieve due to earth and sand components is likely to occur, and the sieve must be washed to eliminate the clogging. There was a problem that the cost increased.

  On the other hand, in the conventional separation method using the difference in specific gravity and the separation method using the filtration device, the dredging work by the grab dredger etc. and the separation work of foreign matter mixed earth and sand are performed separately, so the facilities are large. At the same time, it took a lot of time to work.

  In addition, in the separation method using the specific gravity difference and the separation method using the filtration device, the sediment component and the foreign matter are not sufficiently separated, similarly to the separation method using a sieve such as a vibration sieve, and separately by human power etc. In some cases, separation work is required, and the work time and work cost are increased, and the separation efficiency of foreign matters may be reduced.

  Furthermore, the collected foreign matter mixed earth and sand pieces or the wood pieces with the earth and sand components attached thereto are treated as industrial waste in the land area and are subject to regulations based on various related laws and regulations when transported, processed and reused. Therefore, it is desirable that the earth and sand components and the foreign matters such as wood pieces are separated at the stage of dredging work and recovered in a state where they can be easily reused (recycled).

  Therefore, in view of such a conventional problem, the present invention is a method for separating dredged sand that can be easily and inexpensively constructed, and that can efficiently separate foreign matter-mixed sediment into sediment components and foreign matters such as wood chips, and the like. It was made for the purpose of providing a dredge apparatus to be used.

  The feature of the invention described in claim 1 for solving the conventional problem as described above includes a grab bucket having an openable and closable earth and sand containing portion composed of a plurality of shells, and an operation means for operating the grab bucket. In the method for separating dredged sand, the dredged foreign material mixed sand is dredged using a dredging device, and the dredged foreign material mixed sand is separated into earth and sand components and foreign substances. The grab bucket is provided with a permeable permeation part, and moves the grab bucket containing foreign matter mixed earth and sand in the bottom of the water to the water surface part, and then lifts and lowers the grab bucket in a state where the sand container is closed at the water surface part. The separation promoting operation is repeated to separate the foreign substance mixed earth and sand into earth and sand components and foreign substances, and only the separated earth and sand components are allowed to settle to the bottom of the water through the permeation part. Thereafter, the foreign matter remaining in the earth and sand container is to be recovered.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, the separation promoting operation is performed such that the grab bucket has a position where a part or all of the permeation part is exposed on the water surface, and the grab bucket It is to raise and lower between the position immersed in water.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect, the grab bucket is swung in the horizontal direction by the moving means during the separation promoting operation.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dredging device for use in the dredged material separation method according to the first, second or third aspect, wherein the grab bucket has an openable and closable earth and sand containing portion comprising a plurality of shells. And an operating means for operating the grab bucket. The dredging apparatus includes a permeation portion that allows a sediment component to permeate at the bottom of the sediment storage portion.

  As described above, the method for separating dredged sand according to the present invention uses a grab bucket having an openable and closable earth and sand containing portion composed of a plurality of shells, and a dredging device comprising operating means for operating the grab bucket. In the method for separating dredged sand, which separates the dredged foreign substance mixed sediment into a sediment component and a foreign substance, a permeate part through which the sediment component can permeate is provided at the bottom of the sediment containing part. And the separation facilitating operation of moving the grab bucket containing foreign matter mixed sand and sand in the bottom of the water to the water surface part and moving the grab bucket up and down while the earth and sand container is closed at the water surface part is repeated. Separating the foreign substance mixed earth and sand into earth and sand components and foreign substances, and allowing only the separated earth and sand components to settle to the bottom of the water through the permeation part, and thereafter By collecting the foreign matter remaining in the section, a vertical water flow is generated in the grab bucket, and the separation effect by stirring the inside of the grab bucket with the water flow effectively converts the foreign material mixed sand into the sediment component and the foreign material. Can be separated. In addition, by performing separation work in a series of dredging work, the work period can be shortened and work costs can be reduced. Furthermore, because of the high separation effect, foreign materials such as wood chips and sediment components can be collected in a reusable state, reducing the impact of regulations based on relevant laws and regulations, and recycling the collected materials as resources (recycling). ) Becomes easier.

  Further, in the present invention, the separation promoting operation is performed by raising and lowering the grab bucket between a position where a part or all of the transmission part is exposed on the water surface and a position where the grab bucket is submerged in water. During the separation promotion operation, air is mixed in the grab bucket, and air bubbles are mixed in the water flow in the vertical direction. In addition to the separation effect by the water flow, the separation effect by the bubbles promotes the separation of the sediment component and the foreign matter.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, in the separation promoting operation, the moving means swings the grab bucket in the horizontal direction, thereby generating a horizontal water flow in addition to the vertical water flow. This further promotes the separation work of the earth and sand components and the foreign matters.

  The dredging device according to the present invention includes a grab bucket having an openable and closable earth and sand containing portion composed of a plurality of shells, and an operating means for operating the grab bucket, and a sediment component at the bottom of the earth and sand containing portion By providing the permeable portion through which foreign matter can be transmitted, the foreign-material mixed earth and sand can be separated into earth and sand components and foreign substances in a series of dredging operations.

It is a side view which shows the outline of an example of the dredging apparatus used for the separation method of dredged soil according to the present invention. (A) is a front view which shows an example of the grab bucket in FIG. 1, (b) is the same side view. (A)-(c) is a figure for demonstrating the state of each process of this invention method, Comprising: It is a partially broken front view which made only the bucket part the cross section. It is a side view which shows the outline of another example of the dredging apparatus used for the separation method of dredged material sand concerning this invention. It is a partially broken front view which made the cross section only the grab bucket part same as the above.

  Next, the 1st embodiment of the separation method of dredged material sand concerning this invention and the dredging device used for it is demonstrated based on the Example shown in FIGS. 1-3. In the figure, symbol A is a water bottom, symbol B is a water surface, and symbol 1 is a dredging device used in the method of the present invention.

  This dredging device 1 includes a grab bucket 2 having a sand-and-sand containing portion 9 composed of a plurality of shells 8 and 8, and an operating means 3 for operating the grab bucket 2, and a sediment component permeates through the bottom of the grab bucket 2. By providing a possible transmission part, it also serves as a separation device.

  The operation means 3 is constituted by a crane device installed in the grab dredger 4, and the lifting wire 6 and the operation wire 7 are suspended from the tip of the jib 5 of the crane device 3 so as to be drawn out and wound up.

  Moreover, the crane apparatus which comprises this operation | movement means 3 can control the up-down direction position of the grab bucket 2 by controlling the feeding amount and winding amount of the raising / lowering wire 6, and the raising / lowering wire 6 can be controlled. The vertical movement speed of the grab bucket 2 can be controlled by controlling the feeding speed and the winding speed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the grab bucket 2 is suspended and supported by the crane device 3, and is lifted and lowered by the drawing / winding operation of the lifting wire 6 fed from the tip of the jib 5 of the crane device 3. The earth and sand container 9 comprising a plurality of shells 8 and 8 is opened and closed by the drawing and winding operation of the operation wire 7 drawn from the tip of the jib 5. The structure of the grab bucket is not limited to the above-described structure, and may be a so-called multiple cable type, a single cable type, a hydraulic type, or the like, and the earth and sand container 9 is constituted by a plurality of three or more shells. It may be.

  Each of the shells 8 and 8 is formed in a seashell shape with its upper end pivoted, and a hollow container-shaped earth and sand containing portion 9 is formed that is closed by closing the openings when closed. .

  Each of the shells 8 and 8 is provided with a net-like or lattice-like transmission part 11 on the bottom plate part 8a constituting the outer shell, and a transmission part 11 and 11 through which the earth and sand components can be transmitted at the bottom part of the grab bucket 2. It has become.

  The transmission part 11 is constituted by a transmission port 11a formed in the bottom plate part 8a of the shell 8 and a net-like or lattice-like transmission member 11b incorporated in the transmission port 11a, and earth and sand components are passed through the mesh of the transmission member 11b. It is designed to be transparent.

  The transmission member 11b has a mesh size set based on dredging conditions, how to separate earth and sand, and the use of recycled earth and sand. For example, when sand and gravel are separated and reused, the mesh is finely set. In order to allow only the sediment component having a small particle size to permeate, and only to separate the sediment component from foreign objects such as relatively large pieces of wood, set the mesh coarsely, Make it transparent.

  Next, a method for separating dredged soil according to the present invention using such dredger device 1 will be described.

  First, while moving the grab dredger 4 to the dredging target water area, as shown in FIG. 1, the cylindrical pollution prevention frame 12 opened up and down with the upper end protruding above the water is installed in the water area.

  The pollution prevention frame 12 is formed in a cylindrical shape such as a cylindrical shape opened up and down with a steel material, and can be installed by being floated in water with the upper end opening protruding above the water by a buoyancy adjusting means.

  The buoyancy adjusting means is not particularly shown, but may have a structure in which the pollution prevention frame 12 is supported on a floating body that can be adjusted for buoyancy by pouring or drainage, and the pollution prevention frame 12 may be supported by a trolley or a float. Good. Moreover, the cavity part which can be sealed can be provided in the surrounding wall of the pollution prevention frame 12, and the buoyancy of the pollution prevention frame 12 itself can be adjusted by pouring and draining into this cavity part.

  In addition, a pollution prevention film 13 formed in a cylindrical shape such as a cylindrical shape or a skirt shape by a flexible mesh-like sheet material is provided at the lower part of the pollution prevention frame 12 so that the lower edge thereof is attached to the bottom of the water. It is preferable to install.

  Next, as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1, the grab bucket 2 is lowered by the operating means 3 through the pollution prevention frame 12, and the cutting edge penetrates into the bottom of the water A while the earth and sand container 9 is opened. Make sure to bottom.

  Then, the shells 8 and 8 are closed by the operating means 3 from the state, and the earth and sand (hereinafter referred to as foreign substance mixed earth and sand) 20 in which the foreign substances accumulated on the water bottom A are mixed in the earth and sand container 9 are grasped. Further, the grab bucket 2 in which the foreign matter mixed earth and sand 20 is contained in the earth and sand container 9 is pulled up to the water surface by the operating means 3 and moved. In addition, a water surface part shall mean the fixed area over the water and water which made the water surface B a boundary here.

  When the grab bucket 2 is moved to the water surface portion, a part of the soil-containing component 22 having a small particle size and a large specific gravity out of the foreign-material mixed soil 20 contained in the sediment containing portion 9 passes through the permeating portion 11 to the bottom of the water. While sinking, the other part remains in the earth and sand container 9 together with the foreign matter 21.

  Next, after the grab bucket 2 is moved to the water surface portion, the grab bucket 2 is closed at the water surface portion by the operation means 3, that is, the lifting and winding operation of the lifting wire 6. The separation promotion operation of raising and lowering is repeated to separate the foreign substance mixed earth and sand 20 remaining in the earth and sand container 9 into the earth and sand component 22 and the foreign substance 21.

  The separation promoting work includes an upper position where a part or all of the transmission part 11 shown in FIG. 3A is exposed on the water surface B and the grab bucket 2 (sediment storage part 9 shown in FIG. 3B). ) Is moved up and down between the lower position where it is immersed in water.

  By reciprocating the grab bucket 2 between the upper position and the lower position in this way, a water flow mainly directed in the vertical direction is generated in the grab bucket 2 through the transmission part 11, that is, in the earth and sand accommodating part 9, This water flow stirs the foreign-matter mixed earth and sand 20 and is pushed by the water flow, and the foreign substance 21 adhering to the earth collides with the inner walls of the shells 8 and 8. 21 and the earth and sand component 22 are separated.

  Further, every time the grab bucket 2 moves, the permeation part 11 passes through the water surface B, and the impact at that time acts on the foreign material mixed earth and sand 20 through the permeation part 11, and the foreign matter 21 and the sediment component 22 are separated by the impact. Promoted.

  Further, when the grab bucket 2 is moved to the upper position and a part or all of the permeation part 11 is exposed on the water surface B, the inside of the grab bucket 2, that is, the earth and sand storage part 9, passes through the permeation part 11 to the outside air. When the grab bucket 2 is moved, air is mixed with the water in the grab bucket 2 and the bubbles 23, 23... Generated along with the air are mixed into the grab bucket 2 as shown in FIG. It is carried by the water flow generated by the up and down movement. The separation effect of the bubbles 23 and 23 further promotes the separation of the foreign material 21 and the earth and sand component 22.

  By repeating this separation promotion operation a desired number of times, the foreign-matter-containing earth and sand 20 is separated into the earth and sand component 22 and the foreign substance 21 such as a piece of wood, and only the separated earth and sand component 22 having a large specific gravity is passed through the permeation part 11 to the bottom As shown in FIG. 3C, foreign matter 21 such as a piece of wood remains in the earth and sand container 9 of the grab bucket 2. In addition, when the mesh of the transmissive member 11b is set finely, gravel and stone pieces remain in the grab bucket 2 together with the foreign matter 21 such as wood pieces.

  The earth and sand component 22 that settles to the bottom of the water through the permeation unit 11 is not diffused outside the pollution prevention frame 12 by performing the separation promoting operation in the pollution prevention frame 12 whose inner and outer sides are blocked from each other. Is prevented.

  Next, the grab bucket 2 in which the foreign material 21 such as a piece of wood remains inside is moved onto the transport ship for transporting the foreign material by the operation means 3, the earth and sand container 9 is released on the transport ship, and the foreign material 21 is transferred to the transport ship and recovered. To do.

  In addition, when gravel and stone pieces remain with the foreign material 21 in the grab bucket 2, a piece of wood such as a vibration sieve is installed on the carrier ship, and the grab bucket 2 is released on the sieve to obtain a piece of wood. It is possible to separate foreign matter 21 such as gravel and the like. At that time, since the foreign matter 21 and gravel and the like in the earth and sand container 9 are separated from each other by the above-described separation promotion operation, they can be suitably separated with a sieve.

  Then, the above-described series of operations are performed while moving the grab dredger 4, and each time the bottom A of the dredging target water area is dredged, the foreign-matter-containing earth and sand 20 is separated into foreign substances 21 such as wood chips and earth-and-sand components 22. Collect foreign materials such as wood chips, and collect the sediment components that have settled to the bottom as necessary.

  In the dredged sand separation method configured as described above, the work for separating the foreign-matter-mixed sand 20 into the earth-and-sand component 22 such as sand and the foreign-material 21 such as wood chips can be performed in a series of dredging work. In addition, the construction period can be shortened, the work cost can be reduced, and the equipment cost can be reduced because there is no need to provide a separate apparatus for separation.

  Further, in this dredged soil separation method, in addition to the separation effect of the water flow generated by the vertical movement of the grab bucket in the separation promotion operation, the sediment component 22 such as sand is obtained by the separation effect by the bubbles 23, 23 ... carried by the water flow. And the foreign material 21 such as a piece of wood are promoted, so that the separation work can be performed efficiently even if it is simple and inexpensive.

  Further, in the separation promoting operation, every time the grab bucket 2 moves, pressure is applied to the permeation part 11 by the water flow, so the sediment component is pushed out by the pressure, and the permeation part 11 is not easily clogged.

  Further, in the method of the present invention, the foreign matter mixed earth and sand 20 is separated in a series of dredging work, and the foreign matter 21 such as wood chips and the earth and sand component 22 are separated in a reusable manner by a high separation effect. Therefore, the influence of regulations based on related laws and regulations is reduced, and it becomes easy to reuse (recycle) the collected material, that is, the earth and sand component 22 and the wood chip 21 as resources.

  In the above-described embodiment, in the separation promoting operation, the upper position is a position at which a part or all of the transmission part 11 is exposed on the water surface B, and the lower position is a position where the grab bucket 2 (bucket part) is submerged in water. However, the grab bucket 2 (bucket part) may be moved up and down while being submerged in water.

  Moreover, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the grab dredger 4 is used as the dredging device that also serves as the separation device has been described, but the dredging device used in the method of the present invention is not limited to the device shown in the above-described embodiment, For example, you may use the backhoe 31 installed on the trolley 30 shown in FIG. 4, FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated to the structure similar to the above-mentioned Example.

  The backhoe 31 constitutes an operating means, and a main body 33 that is pivotally supported by a moving body 32 such as a crawler device, a boom 34 that is pivotally supported by the main body 33, and an expansion and contraction that is pivotally supported by the boom 34. A telescopic arm 35 and a power unit (not shown) composed of a hydraulic unit that operates each part. A grab bucket 36 is attached to the tip of the telescopic arm 35 so as to be swingable. The grab bucket 36 is moved by the combination of the operation of the boom 34 and the telescopic arm 35 and the expansion and contraction of the telescopic arm 35.

  The grab bucket 36 is swingably supported at the tip of the telescopic arm 35 via a universal joint 37, and the earth and sand container 9 comprising a plurality of shells 8 and 8 is opened and closed by the operation of the hydraulic unit. .

  As in the first embodiment, each shell 8, 8 is formed in a laminated shell with the upper end pivotally supported, and the opening is abutted with each other when closed to form a hollow container-like earth and sand container 9 The earth and sand container 9, that is, the bottoms of the shells 8 and 8, are provided with net-like or lattice-like transmission parts 11 and 11 through which the earth and sand component 22 can permeate.

  The dredged sand separation method using this apparatus is as follows. First, the work table ship 30 is moved to the dredging target water area, the boom 34 and the telescopic arm 35 are operated on the spot, and the grab and sand containing part 9 is opened. The bucket 36 is bottomed on the bottom A so that the cutting edge penetrates into the bottom sediment.

  Then, the shells 8 and 8 are closed by the hydraulic unit constituting the operation means from that state, and the foreign substance mixed earth and sand 20 accumulated on the water bottom A is grabbed in the earth and sand container 9 and further mixed with foreign substances. The grab bucket 2 containing the earth and sand 20 in the earth and sand container 9 is pulled up to the water surface by the operating means and moved. The water surface portion means a certain area extending over the water and the water with the water surface B as the boundary, as in the first embodiment.

  Then, after moving the grab bucket 36 to the water surface portion, the operation means, that is, the separation promotion operation for raising and lowering the grab bucket 36 at the water surface portion mainly by the expansion and contraction operation of the telescopic arm 35 is repeated. The foreign substance mixed earth and sand 20 is separated into earth and sand components 22 and foreign substances 21.

  Separation promoting work is performed with the grab bucket 36 in the state where the earth and sand container 9 is closed, the upper position where a part or all of the transmission parts 11 and 11 indicated by solid lines in FIG. The grab bucket 36 (earth and sand container 9) indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is moved between the lower position where it is submerged in water.

  Further, in this separation promotion work, in addition to the raising and lowering of the grab bucket 36 shown in FIG. 4, the main body 33 is swung so that the grab bucket 36 is moved in the horizontal direction as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. Rock.

  By moving the grab bucket 36 up and down and swinging in the horizontal direction in this way, a water flow directed in the vertical and horizontal directions is generated in the grab bucket 36 (sediment storage unit 9) through the transmission parts 11 and 11, and this water flow causes The foreign substance mixed earth and sand 20 is agitated, and the separation effect of the foreign substance 21 and the earth and sand component 22 is promoted.

  In addition, although the above-mentioned Example demonstrated the example which installed the backhoe 31 on the trolley 30, you may make it install in the bank near a dredging area.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the transmission portion 11 is provided only at the bottom portion of the grab bucket 36 has been described. However, the transmission portion 11 is disposed on the side portion of the grab bucket 36, that is, on the horizontal swing direction side of the shells 8 and 8. Alternatively, a transmissive portion similar to the transmissive portion 11 described above may be formed on the side plate portion.

A Water bottom B Water surface 1 Dredging device 2 Grab bucket 3 Operating means (crane device)
4 Grab dredger 5 Jib 6 Elevating wire 7 Operation wire 8 Shell 9 Sediment container 11 Transmission unit 12 Anti-contamination frame 20 Foreign material mixed soil 21 Foreign material 22 Sediment component 23 Air bubble 30 Carrier 31 Backhoe 32 Moving body 33 Main body 34 Boom 35 telescopic arm 36 grab bucket 37 universal joint

Claims (4)

A grab bucket having an openable and closable earth and sand container composed of a plurality of shells and a dredging device comprising an operating means for operating the grab bucket is used to drown foreign matter mixed soil at the bottom of the water, and the dredged foreign matter In the separation method of dredged soil that separates mixed sediment into sediment components and foreign matter,
Provided with a permeable portion through which the sediment component can permeate at the bottom of the sediment storage unit,
Move the grab bucket containing foreign matter mixed earth and sand in the bottom of the water to the water surface part, repeat the separation promotion operation to raise and lower the grab bucket in the state where the earth and sand container is closed at the water surface part, The foreign matter mixed earth and sand are separated into earth and sand components and foreign substances, and only the separated earth and sand components are allowed to settle to the bottom of the water through the permeation part, and then the foreign substances remaining in the earth and sand container are collected. As a dredged soil separation method.   2. The dredged sand according to claim 1, wherein the separation promoting operation raises and lowers the grab bucket between a position at which a part or all of the transmission part is exposed on a water surface and a position at which the grab bucket is submerged in water. Separation method.   The dredged material sand separation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grab bucket is swung horizontally by the moving means during the separation promotion operation. A dredge apparatus used in the method for separating dredged soil according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
A grab bucket comprising a plurality of shells having an openable and closable earth and sand container, and an operating means for operating the grab bucket; and a bottom part of the earth and sand container having a transmission part through which a sediment component can permeate. A dredge device characterized by

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