JP2014118524A - Fluidized bed gasifier - Google Patents

Fluidized bed gasifier Download PDF

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JP2014118524A
JP2014118524A JP2012276325A JP2012276325A JP2014118524A JP 2014118524 A JP2014118524 A JP 2014118524A JP 2012276325 A JP2012276325 A JP 2012276325A JP 2012276325 A JP2012276325 A JP 2012276325A JP 2014118524 A JP2014118524 A JP 2014118524A
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catalyst layer
fluidized bed
reforming catalyst
tar
tar decomposition
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JP6048115B2 (en
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Toshiyuki Suda
俊之 須田
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fluidized bed gasifier capable of suppressing reduction in the temperature of gasification gas and efficiently modifying tar, and further, capable of facilitating production with a simple structure, thus achieving cost reduction.SOLUTION: A free board part 5 formed at the upper part of the fluidized bed 4 of a gasification furnace body 1 is provided with a tar decomposition modification catalyst layer 6, and further, removal means 7 of removing granular depositions and precipitated carbon deposited on the tar decomposition modification catalyst layer 6 is provided.

Description

本発明は、流動層ガス化装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a fluidized bed gasifier.

従来、燃料として、石炭、バイオマス、廃プラスチック、或いは各種の含水廃棄物等の固体燃料を用い、ガス化ガスを生成する燃料ガス化設備の開発が進められている。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, development of a fuel gasification facility that generates a gasification gas using a solid fuel such as coal, biomass, waste plastic, or various types of water-containing waste as a fuel has been advanced.

一般に、前記燃料ガス化設備のガス化炉において、およそ８００〜９００℃の温度の流動層で前記固体燃料のガス化を行った場合、生成されるガス化ガス中にはタールが含まれており、該タールを含むガス化ガスは温度を下げていくとタールが凝縮してミスト化する。このため、ガス化ガスを化学合成原料等に利用する際には、下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスにおいて、タールによる配管閉塞や機器類のトラブル、タール付着による合成触媒の被毒等といった問題が引き起こされる。   Generally, in the gasification furnace of the fuel gasification facility, when the solid fuel is gasified in a fluidized bed having a temperature of about 800 to 900 ° C., tar is contained in the generated gasification gas. The gasified gas containing the tar condenses and mists as the temperature is lowered. For this reason, when gasified gas is used as a raw material for chemical synthesis, problems such as pipe blockage due to tar, troubles in equipment, poisoning of the synthesis catalyst due to tar adhesion, etc. in the downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process Is caused.

前記ガス化ガス中に含まれるタール分を除去する技術としては、従来、触媒を用いたタール改質があり、これと関連する一般的技術水準を示すものとしては、例えば、特許文献１がある。   As a technique for removing the tar content contained in the gasification gas, there is conventionally a tar reforming using a catalyst. For example, Patent Document 1 shows a general technical level related to this. .

前記特許文献１に開示された流動層ガス化装置は、ガス化炉本体内下部に形成される流動層に燃料を投入してガス化ガスを発生させ、該ガス化ガスを前記流動層上方に形成されるフリーボード部を経て前記ガス化炉本体上部から抜き出すものである。前記フリーボード部には、サイクロン型粒子分離部が設けられると共に、該サイクロン型粒子分離部より上方に位置するようタール分解改質触媒層が設けられている。   In the fluidized bed gasifier disclosed in Patent Document 1, fuel is injected into a fluidized bed formed in the lower part of the gasifier main body to generate gasified gas, and the gasified gas is placed above the fluidized bed. It is extracted from the upper part of the gasification furnace main body through a free board portion to be formed. The free board part is provided with a cyclone type particle separation part, and a tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer is provided so as to be positioned above the cyclone type particle separation part.

前記特許文献１に開示された流動層ガス化装置においては、ガス化炉本体内下部に形成される流動層に燃料を投入することによって発生したガス化ガスは、フリーボード部に設けられたサイクロン型粒子分離部を通過する際に旋回流となって粒子が分離される。そして、前記ガス化ガスは、タール分解改質触媒層でタール分が改質されて一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）と水素（Ｈ2）に転換され、タール分が除去されたガス化ガスがガス化炉本体上部から抜き出されるようになっている。 In the fluidized bed gasifier disclosed in Patent Document 1, the gasified gas generated by putting fuel into the fluidized bed formed in the lower part of the gasifier main body is supplied to the cyclone provided in the freeboard section. When passing through the particle separation unit, the particles are separated as a swirling flow. The gasified gas is reformed by the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer and converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ), and the gasified gas from which the tar content has been removed is gasified. It is extracted from the top of the furnace body.

特開２００４−２９２７２０号公報JP 2004-292720 A

しかしながら、前記特許文献１に開示された流動層ガス化装置のように、フリーボード部にサイクロン型粒子分離部を設けると共に、該サイクロン型粒子分離部より上方に位置するようタール分解改質触媒層を設けるのでは、サイクロン型粒子分離部でガス化ガスの熱が奪われることが避けられない。このため、タール分解改質触媒層でのガス化ガスの温度がフリーボード部での温度より低下し、該タール分解改質触媒層においてタール分を効率良く改質することが困難になる虞があった。   However, as in the fluidized bed gasifier disclosed in Patent Document 1, a tarboard decomposition reforming catalyst layer is provided so that a freeboard portion is provided with a cyclone type particle separation unit and is positioned above the cyclone type particle separation unit. It is inevitable that the heat of the gasification gas is taken away by the cyclone type particle separation unit. For this reason, the temperature of the gasification gas in the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer may be lower than the temperature in the free board portion, and it may be difficult to efficiently reform the tar content in the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer. there were.

又、前記サイクロン型粒子分離部をガス化炉本体内部に設けることは、構造が複雑になって製造に手間が掛かり、コストアップにつながる虞をも有していた。   In addition, providing the cyclone type particle separation part inside the gasification furnace main body has a complicated structure, which takes time for manufacturing and may increase costs.

本発明は、上記従来の問題点に鑑みてなしたもので、ガス化ガスの温度低下を抑制してタール分を効率良く改質することができると共に、簡単な構造で製造を容易化しコスト削減を図り得る流動層ガス化装置を提供しようとするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and can suppress reforming of the temperature of the gasification gas and efficiently reform the tar content, and also facilitates manufacturing and reduces costs with a simple structure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluidized bed gasifier capable of achieving the above.

本発明は、ガス化炉本体内下部に形成される流動層に燃料を投入してガス化ガスを発生させ、該ガス化ガスを前記流動層上方に形成されるフリーボード部を経て前記ガス化炉本体上部から抜き出す流動層ガス化装置において、
前記フリーボード部に配設されるタール分解改質触媒層と、
該タール分解改質触媒層に付着する粒子状付着物及び析出カーボンを除去する除去手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする流動層ガス化装置にかかるものである。 The present invention introduces fuel into a fluidized bed formed in the lower part of the gasification furnace main body to generate gasified gas, and the gasified gas passes through the free board part formed above the fluidized bed. In the fluidized bed gasifier extracted from the top of the furnace body,
A tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer disposed on the freeboard portion;
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising a particulate deposit attached to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer and a removing means for removing precipitated carbon.

前記流動層ガス化装置においては、前記除去手段を、前記タール分解改質触媒層の粒子状付着物に対し噴射流体として蒸気をノズルから吹き付け、且つ前記タール分解改質触媒層の析出カーボンに対し噴射流体として空気又は酸素をノズルから吹き付けるスートブロワとすることが好ましい。   In the fluidized bed gasification apparatus, the removing means sprays steam from a nozzle as a jet fluid against the particulate deposits of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer, and applies to the deposited carbon of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer. It is preferable to use a soot blower that blows air or oxygen from the nozzle as the jetting fluid.

又、前記流動層ガス化装置においては、前記タール分解改質触媒層を、上下複数段に間隔をあけて配設される分割触媒層によって構成し、且つ最下段の分割触媒層の厚さを上段の分割触媒層の厚さに比べて薄くし、
前記スートブロワを上下の分割触媒層間に配設することが好ましい。 Further, in the fluidized bed gasification apparatus, the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer is constituted by divided catalyst layers arranged at intervals in a plurality of upper and lower stages, and the thickness of the lowermost divided catalyst layer is set to be the same. Compared to the thickness of the upper divided catalyst layer,
The soot blower is preferably disposed between the upper and lower divided catalyst layers.

更に又、前記流動層ガス化装置においては、前記ガス化炉本体に、前記タール分解改質触媒層のガス化ガス流通方向上下流側における差圧を検出する差圧検出器を設け、
該差圧検出器で検出される差圧が設定値以上となった場合に前記スートブロワのノズルからタール分解改質触媒層に対し噴射流体を吹き付けるよう構成することが好ましい。 Furthermore, in the fluidized bed gasification apparatus, the gasification furnace main body is provided with a differential pressure detector that detects a differential pressure on the upstream side and the downstream side in the gasification gas flow direction of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer.
It is preferable that when the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detector becomes equal to or higher than a set value, the injection fluid is blown from the nozzle of the soot blower to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer.

本発明の流動層ガス化装置によれば、ガス化ガスの温度低下を抑制してタール分を効率良く改質することができると共に、簡単な構造で製造を容易化しコスト削減を図り得るという優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the fluidized bed gasification apparatus of the present invention, the tar content can be efficiently modified by suppressing the temperature drop of the gasification gas, and the manufacturing can be facilitated and the cost can be reduced with a simple structure. The effects can be achieved.

本発明の流動層ガス化装置の実施例を示す側断面図である。It is a sectional side view which shows the Example of the fluidized-bed gasification apparatus of this invention. 本発明の流動層ガス化装置の実施例を示す平断面図である。It is a plane sectional view showing the example of the fluidized bed gasifier of the present invention.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付図面を参照して説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１及び図２は本発明の流動層ガス化装置の実施例であって、１はガス化炉本体、２はガス化炉本体１の底部に形成され且つ蒸気等の流動ガスが導入される流動ガス導入部、３は流動ガス導入部２に導入された流動ガスを上方へ吹き出す分散板、４は分散板３の上面側に形成され且つ燃料が投入される流動層、５は流動層４上方に形成されるフリーボード部である。該フリーボード部５には、タール分解改質触媒層６を設けると共に、該タール分解改質触媒層６に付着する粒子状付着物（例えば、灰粒子等）及び析出カーボンを除去する除去手段７を設けてある。   1 and 2 show an embodiment of a fluidized bed gasifier according to the present invention, wherein 1 is a gasifier main body, 2 is formed at the bottom of the gasifier main body 1, and a fluid gas such as steam is introduced. A fluidized gas introduction unit 3 is a dispersion plate that blows upward the fluidized gas introduced into the fluidization gas introduction unit 2, 4 is a fluidized bed that is formed on the upper surface side of the dispersion plate 3 and into which fuel is introduced, and 5 is a fluidized bed 4. It is a free board part formed upward. The free board portion 5 is provided with a tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 and removing means 7 for removing particulate deposits (for example, ash particles) and precipitated carbon adhering to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6. Is provided.

本実施例の場合、前記除去手段７は、前記タール分解改質触媒層６の粒子状付着物に対し噴射流体として蒸気をノズル７ｂから吹き付け、且つ前記タール分解改質触媒層６の析出カーボンに対し噴射流体として空気又は酸素をノズル７ｂから吹き付けるスートブロワ７ａとしてある。   In the case of this embodiment, the removing means 7 sprays steam from the nozzle 7b as a jet fluid on the particulate deposits of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 and applies to the deposited carbon of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 On the other hand, the soot blower 7a blows air or oxygen from the nozzle 7b as the jet fluid.

前記タール分解改質触媒層６は、上下複数段（図１の例では二段）に間隔をあけて配設される金属担持ハニカム触媒（例えば、ニッケル等の金属を担持させたハニカム触媒）等の分割触媒層６ａ，６ｂによって構成し、且つ下段の分割触媒層６ｂの厚さＤｂを上段の分割触媒層６ａの厚さＤａに比べて薄くし、前記スートブロワ７ａを上下の分割触媒層６ａ，６ｂ間に配設してある。   The tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 is a metal-supported honeycomb catalyst (for example, a honeycomb catalyst supporting a metal such as nickel) disposed at a plurality of upper and lower stages (two stages in the example of FIG. 1). Of the divided catalyst layers 6a and 6b, and the thickness Db of the lower divided catalyst layer 6b is made thinner than the thickness Da of the upper divided catalyst layer 6a, and the soot blower 7a is divided into upper and lower divided catalyst layers 6a, 6a, 6b.

前記ガス化炉本体１には、前記タール分解改質触媒層６のガス化ガス流通方向上下流側における差圧を検出する差圧検出器８を設けてある。該差圧検出器８で検出される差圧が設定値以上となった場合に制御器９からスートブロワ７ａの噴射流体供給弁１０へ制御信号を出力して該噴射流体供給弁１０を開くことにより、前記スートブロワ７ａのノズル７ｂからタール分解改質触媒層６に対し噴射流体を吹き付けるよう構成してある。   The gasification furnace main body 1 is provided with a differential pressure detector 8 for detecting a differential pressure on the upstream side and the downstream side of the gasification gas flow direction of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6. When the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detector 8 exceeds a set value, a control signal is output from the controller 9 to the injection fluid supply valve 10 of the soot blower 7a to open the injection fluid supply valve 10. The jet fluid is blown to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 from the nozzle 7b of the soot blower 7a.

尚、前記スートブロワ７ａは、図示していない駆動機構により、その軸線方向へ伸縮自在且つ軸線を中心として回転自在に配置してある。そして、前記スートブロワ７ａは、タール分解改質触媒層６に対し噴射流体を吹き付ける必要のないときは、収縮してガス化炉本体１外部へ退避し、タール分解改質触媒層６に対し噴射流体を吹き付けるときは、伸長してガス化炉本体１内部へ進入し、ノズル７ｂを下向きにして下段の分割触媒層６ｂへ噴射流体を吹き付けるようにしてある。一方、前記スートブロワ７ａは、ノズル７ｂを上向きにして上段の分割触媒層６ａへ噴射流体を吹き付けるようにしてある。   The soot blower 7a is arranged so as to be expandable and contractable in the axial direction and rotatable about the axis by a driving mechanism (not shown). When the soot blower 7a does not need to spray the injection fluid to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6, the soot blower 7a contracts and retracts to the outside of the gasification furnace main body 1, and the injection fluid flows to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6. Is blown into the gasification furnace main body 1 so that the nozzle 7b faces downward and the injected fluid is sprayed onto the lower divided catalyst layer 6b. On the other hand, the soot blower 7a is configured such that the jet fluid is blown to the upper divided catalyst layer 6a with the nozzle 7b facing upward.

又、前記スートブロワ７ａは、図２に示す如く、ガス化炉本体１に対して複数本挿入配置し、タール分解改質触媒層６の全面にムラなく噴射流体を吹き付けるようにしてある。   Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of soot blowers 7a are inserted into the gasification furnace main body 1 so as to spray the jet fluid uniformly over the entire surface of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6.

更に又、前記噴射流体としての蒸気と空気又は酸素との切り換えは、前記噴射流体供給弁１０より上流側に分岐接続される蒸気供給配管と空気又は酸素供給配管途中にそれぞれ設けられた切換弁（図示せず）の操作により行われるようにしてある。   Furthermore, switching between steam and air or oxygen as the jetting fluid is performed by means of a steam supply pipe branchingly connected upstream from the jetting fluid supply valve 10 and a switching valve provided in the middle of the air or oxygen supply pipe ( (Not shown).

次に、上記実施例の作用を説明する。   Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

運転時には、水蒸気等の流動ガスがガス化炉本体１の底部に形成された流動ガス導入部２へ導入され、該流動ガス導入部２に導入された流動ガスが分散板３から上方へ吹き出されて流動層４が形成され、該流動層４に石炭やバイオマス等の燃料を投入することによりガス化ガスが発生する。   During operation, a fluid gas such as water vapor is introduced into a fluid gas introduction unit 2 formed at the bottom of the gasification furnace main body 1, and the fluid gas introduced into the fluid gas introduction unit 2 is blown upward from the dispersion plate 3. The fluidized bed 4 is formed, and gasified gas is generated by supplying fuel such as coal and biomass into the fluidized bed 4.

前記ガス化ガスは、フリーボード部５を上昇していく際、該フリーボード部５に配設されたタール分解改質触媒層６でタール分が改質されて一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）、水素（Ｈ2）その他炭化水素ガス等に転換され、タール分が除去されたガス化ガスがガス化炉本体１上部から抜き出される。 When the gasified gas ascends the freeboard unit 5, the tar content is reformed by the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 disposed on the freeboard unit 5, so that carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ) Gasified gas that has been converted to other hydrocarbon gas or the like and from which tar content has been removed is extracted from the upper portion of the gasifier main body 1.

前記タール分解改質触媒層６には、粒子状付着物及びタール改質の反応が不十分であれば析出カーボンが付着するが、前記タール分解改質触媒層６のガス化ガス流通方向上下流側における差圧が差圧検出器８で検出される。そして、該差圧検出器８で検出される差圧が設定値以上となった場合には、スートブロワ７ａが伸長してガス化炉本体１内部へ進入し、制御器９からスートブロワ７ａの噴射流体供給弁１０へ制御信号が出力されて該噴射流体供給弁１０が開かれることにより、スートブロワ７ａのノズル７ｂからタール分解改質触媒層６に対し噴射流体が吹き付けられる。   If the particulate deposit and the tar reforming reaction are insufficient, deposited carbon adheres to the tar cracking reforming catalyst layer 6, but the tar cracking reforming catalyst layer 6 is upstream and downstream in the gasification gas flow direction. The differential pressure on the side is detected by the differential pressure detector 8. When the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detector 8 exceeds a set value, the soot blower 7a expands and enters the gasification furnace main body 1, and the injected fluid of the soot blower 7a from the controller 9 When the control signal is output to the supply valve 10 and the injection fluid supply valve 10 is opened, the injection fluid is sprayed from the nozzle 7b of the soot blower 7a to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6.

尚、前記差圧検出器８でタール分解改質触媒層６のガス化ガス流通方向上下流側における差圧を検出する代わりに、以下のようにしても良い。即ち、例えば、試験運転時に、前記タール分解改質触媒層６に対し粒子状付着物及び析出カーボンがどの程度付着して目詰まりが生じるかを予め把握しておき、得られたデータに基づく一定期間毎にスートブロワ７ａのノズル７ｂからタール分解改質触媒層６に対し噴射流体を吹き付けるようにしても良い。   Instead of detecting the differential pressure on the upstream side and downstream side of the gasification gas flow direction of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 with the differential pressure detector 8, the following may be used. That is, for example, during a test operation, it is known in advance how much particulate deposits and precipitated carbon adhere to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 and clogging occurs. You may make it spray an injection fluid with respect to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 from the nozzle 7b of the soot blower 7a for every period.

ここで、前記粒子状付着物は主に、タール分解改質触媒層６の下面側における表面にしか付着しない。このため、タール分解改質触媒層６を、上下複数段（図１の例では二段）に間隔をあけて配設される金属担持ハニカム触媒等の分割触媒層６ａ，６ｂによって構成し、且つ下段の分割触媒層６ｂの厚さＤｂを上段の分割触媒層６ａの厚さＤａに比べて薄くする構成としておくことが有効となる。この理由は、前述のように構成しておくと、下段の分割触媒層６ｂが粒子状付着物を捕集するフィルタ的な役割を果たすと共に、前記スートブロワ７ａのノズル７ｂを下向きにして下段の分割触媒層６ｂへ噴射流体として蒸気を吹き付ければ、前記下段の分割触媒層６ｂに捕集された粒子状付着物を逆洗する形で容易に下に落とすことが可能となるからである。又、前記スートブロワ７ａのノズル７ｂを下向きにして下段の分割触媒層６ｂへ噴射流体として空気又は酸素をノズルから吹き付ければ、前記下段の分割触媒層６ｂに付着した析出カーボンを燃焼させ、該下段の分割触媒層６ｂを再生させることが可能となる。   Here, the particulate deposits mainly adhere only to the surface on the lower surface side of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6. For this reason, the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 is constituted by divided catalyst layers 6a and 6b such as a metal-supported honeycomb catalyst, which are arranged at intervals in a plurality of upper and lower stages (two stages in the example of FIG. 1), and It is effective to make the thickness Db of the lower divided catalyst layer 6b thinner than the thickness Da of the upper divided catalyst layer 6a. The reason for this is that, if configured as described above, the lower divided catalyst layer 6b serves as a filter for collecting particulate deposits, and the lower divided catalyst layer 6b is directed downward with the nozzle 7b of the soot blower 7a facing downward. This is because if steam is sprayed on the catalyst layer 6b as an injection fluid, the particulate deposits collected on the lower divided catalyst layer 6b can be easily dropped down in the form of backwashing. Further, when air or oxygen is blown from the nozzle as an injection fluid onto the lower divided catalyst layer 6b with the nozzle 7b of the soot blower 7a facing downward, the deposited carbon adhering to the lower divided catalyst layer 6b is burned, and the lower stage It becomes possible to regenerate the divided catalyst layer 6b.

一方、前記スートブロワ７ａのノズル７ｂを上向きにして上段の分割触媒層６ａへ噴射流体として空気又は酸素をノズルから吹き付ければ、前記上段の分割触媒層６ａに付着した析出カーボンを燃焼させ、該上段の分割触媒層６ａを再生させることが可能となる。   On the other hand, when air or oxygen is blown from the nozzle as an injection fluid onto the upper divided catalyst layer 6a with the nozzle 7b of the soot blower 7a facing upward, the deposited carbon adhering to the upper divided catalyst layer 6a is burned, and the upper stage It becomes possible to regenerate the divided catalyst layer 6a.

尚、前記タール分解改質触媒層６の上下の分割触媒層６ａ，６ｂの再生完了後、前記スートブロワ７ａは収縮してガス化炉本体１の外部へ退避し、ガス化炉本体１での運転が継続される。   In addition, after the regeneration of the upper and lower divided catalyst layers 6a and 6b of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 is completed, the soot blower 7a contracts and retreats to the outside of the gasifier main body 1, and operates in the gasifier main body 1. Will continue.

この結果、本実施例においては、特許文献１に開示された流動層ガス化装置とは異なり、フリーボード部５にタール分解改質触媒層６を設けるだけで、サイクロン型粒子分離部を設けなくて済む。このため、サイクロン型粒子分離部でガス化ガスの熱が奪われることが避けられ、タール分解改質触媒層６でのガス化ガスの温度がフリーボード部５での温度と変わらなくなり、該タール分解改質触媒層６においてタール分を効率良く改質することが可能となる。   As a result, in the present embodiment, unlike the fluidized bed gasifier disclosed in Patent Document 1, only the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 is provided in the free board part 5, and the cyclone type particle separation part is not provided. I'll do it. For this reason, it is avoided that the heat of the gasification gas is taken away in the cyclone type particle separation part, and the temperature of the gasification gas in the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6 is not different from the temperature in the free board part 5, and the tar It is possible to efficiently reform the tar content in the cracking and reforming catalyst layer 6.

又、前記サイクロン型粒子分離部をガス化炉本体１内部に設けなくて済むことから、ガス化炉本体１の構造が簡単で製造に手間が掛からず、コストアップも避けられる。   In addition, since the cyclone type particle separation portion does not need to be provided in the gasifier main body 1, the structure of the gasifier main body 1 is simple, and it does not take time and effort to manufacture, and an increase in cost can be avoided.

こうして、ガス化ガスの温度低下を抑制してタール分を効率良く改質することができると共に、簡単な構造で製造を容易化しコスト削減を図り得る。   In this way, the tar content can be efficiently reformed by suppressing the temperature drop of the gasification gas, and the manufacturing can be facilitated and the cost can be reduced with a simple structure.

尚、本発明の流動層ガス化装置は、上述の実施例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   The fluidized-bed gasifier of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

１ ガス化炉本体
４ 流動層
５ フリーボード部
６ タール分解改質触媒層
６ａ 分割触媒層
６ｂ 分割触媒層
７ 除去手段
７ａ スートブロワ
７ｂ ノズル
８ 差圧検出器
９ 制御器
Ｄａ 厚さ
Ｄｂ 厚さ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasifier body 4 Fluidized bed 5 Free board part 6 Tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer 6a Split catalyst layer 6b Split catalyst layer 7 Removal means 7a Soot blower 7b Nozzle 8 Differential pressure detector 9 Controller Da Thickness Db Thickness

Claims (4)

ガス化炉本体内下部に形成される流動層に燃料を投入してガス化ガスを発生させ、該ガス化ガスを前記流動層上方に形成されるフリーボード部を経て前記ガス化炉本体上部から抜き出す流動層ガス化装置において、
前記フリーボード部に配設されるタール分解改質触媒層と、
該タール分解改質触媒層に付着する粒子状付着物及び析出カーボンを除去する除去手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする流動層ガス化装置。 Fuel is injected into the fluidized bed formed in the lower part of the gasifier main body to generate gasified gas, and the gasified gas is passed from the upper part of the gasifier main body through a free board part formed above the fluidized bed. In the fluidized bed gasifier to extract,
A tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer disposed on the freeboard portion;
A fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising: a particulate deposit attached to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer and a removing means for removing the precipitated carbon. 前記除去手段を、前記タール分解改質触媒層の粒子状付着物に対し噴射流体として蒸気をノズルから吹き付け、且つ前記タール分解改質触媒層の析出カーボンに対し噴射流体として空気又は酸素をノズルから吹き付けるスートブロワとした請求項１記載の流動層ガス化装置。   The removing means sprays steam from the nozzle as a jet fluid on the particulate deposits of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer, and air or oxygen as a jet fluid from the nozzle to the precipitated carbon of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer. The fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the soot blower is sprayed. 前記タール分解改質触媒層を、上下複数段に間隔をあけて配設される分割触媒層によって構成し、且つ最下段の分割触媒層の厚さを上段の分割触媒層の厚さに比べて薄くし、
前記スートブロワを上下の分割触媒層間に配設した請求項２記載の流動層ガス化装置。 The tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer is constituted by a divided catalyst layer arranged at intervals in a plurality of upper and lower stages, and the thickness of the lowermost divided catalyst layer is compared with the thickness of the upper divided catalyst layer. Make it thinner
The fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 2, wherein the soot blower is disposed between upper and lower divided catalyst layers. 前記ガス化炉本体に、前記タール分解改質触媒層のガス化ガス流通方向上下流側における差圧を検出する差圧検出器を設け、
該差圧検出器で検出される差圧が設定値以上となった場合に前記スートブロワのノズルからタール分解改質触媒層に対し噴射流体を吹き付けるよう構成した請求項２又は３記載の流動層ガス化装置。 The gasifier main body is provided with a differential pressure detector for detecting a differential pressure on the upstream side and downstream side of the gas decomposition gas flow direction of the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer,
4. The fluidized bed gas according to claim 2, wherein when the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detector becomes equal to or higher than a set value, the jet fluid is blown from the nozzle of the soot blower to the tar decomposition reforming catalyst layer. Device.
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