JP2014116581A - Photovoltaic power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sun-tracking photovoltaic power generation apparatus in which, even when a photovoltaic power generation panel is enlarged, an operational defect or failure is unlikely to occur in a sun-tracking mechanism, and which is simplified in structure, improves durability, reduces restrictions on which place to be installed, and is capable of achieving high space efficiency by densely disposing a number of apparatuses.SOLUTION: A photovoltaic power generation apparatus comprises: a photovoltaic power generation panel 1; a rotary support shaft 2 which is disposed along a longitudinal direction of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 and supports the photovoltaic power generation panel 1; front and rear posts 4 and 5 which support the rotary support shaft 2 on front and rear sides via bearings 3 in a freely rotatable manner; rotational drive means 6 for the rotary support shaft 2; a sun-tracking sensor 7 for detecting a position of the sun; and a control device 8 for controlling driving of the rotational drive means 6. By rotating the rotary support shaft 2, the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is tilted while tracking a diurnal change in the position of the sun.

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar following type solar power generation apparatus, and more particularly to the power generation apparatus suitable when a solar power generation panel is large as a solar cell string or a solar cell array.

  In general, a solar tracking type solar power generation device includes a solar tracking mechanism that automatically displaces a photovoltaic power generation panel so that the panel surface faces the sun to increase power generation efficiency (light receiving efficiency). Yes. As such a sun following mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation panel is supported on the top of a vertical rotation driving support shaft via a tilting pivot support mechanism, and is rotated based on solar position information detected by a sensor or previously input to a control device. A device that automatically changes the azimuth and elevation angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel to follow the movement of the sun by operating the driving support shaft and the tilting support mechanism is widely used (for example, Patent Document 1). ). Also, a large-diameter horizontal turntable is attached to the top of the rotary drive spindle, and a tilting pivot frame and tilting device for the photovoltaic power generation panel are provided thereon, and rollers are provided at a plurality of locations around the horizontal turntable. There is also known one that receives a weight via a pin (Patent Document 2).

JP 2010-10543 A JP 2002-134777 A

  However, in recent years, in order to increase the amount of power generation, the demand for large-sized solar power generation panels as solar cell strings or solar cell arrays has increased. On the other hand, a large number of solar power generation devices have been used to increase space efficiency. There is also a growing tendency to place them densely on a limited site. When the photovoltaic power generation panel is increased in size in this way, in the solar power generation device of the solar following type, the load applied to the rotational drive support shaft increases accordingly, so that the malfunction and failure of the solar following mechanism are likely to occur, and the load is increased. Due to wear of the bearing portion of the rotary drive spindle where fatigue is concentrated and fatigue deformation of the connecting portion, there is a problem that durability is lowered and life is shortened. Moreover, since the diameter of the structure including the horizontal turntable is increased, it is necessary to widen the space between the solar power generation apparatuses when installing a large number of solar power generation devices. When receiving weight at a plurality of locations around the turntable, it cannot be installed in a portion with unevenness or inclination, and there is a problem that the installation site is greatly restricted.

  In view of the above-described circumstances, the present invention is less likely to cause malfunction and failure of the solar follower mechanism even if the solar power generation panel is enlarged as a solar follower type solar power generator, and is very simple in structure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a product that is excellent in durability, has few restrictions on installation sites, and can achieve high space efficiency by densely arranging a large number of groups.

  If the means for achieving the above object is shown with reference numerals in the drawings, the photovoltaic power generator according to the invention of claim 1 is arranged along the front-rear direction on the photovoltaic panel 1 and the lower surface side thereof. A rotating support shaft 2 that supports the photovoltaic power generation panel 1, front and rear support columns 4 and 5 that rotatably support the rotating support shaft 2 through bearings 3 on the front side and the rear side, respectively, Rotation drive means (motor 6 with speed reducer) for the spindle 2, a sun tracking sensor 7 for detecting the sun position, and a control device for controlling the drive of the rotation drive means based on the detection signal of the sun tracking sensor 7. 8, and the solar power generation panel 1 is configured to tilt following the diurnal change of the solar position by the rotation of the rotation support shaft 2.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the solar power generation device of the first aspect, the solar power generation panel 1 is composed of a solar cell string or a solar cell array in which a plurality of solar cell modules 10 are arranged in a plane, and the front and rear columns 4 , 5 (rear side support column 5) has a bifurcated configuration.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the solar power generation device of the first aspect, the rotary support shaft 2 is disposed with a slanted front side, and the front side is supported by a single support (front support 4). In addition, the rear side is supported by the bifurcated column (rear column 5), and the front side 1a of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is formed to be narrower than the intermediate unit 1b.

  The effects of the present invention will be described below with reference numerals in the drawings. First, in the photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is always tilted by following the change in the solar position by rotating the rotating support shaft 2 so that the maximum power generation efficiency is always obtained. However, since the load is shared and supported by the front and rear support columns 4 and 5 via the bearings 3, even if the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is enlarged, the load is dispersed, causing malfunction and failure of the solar tracking mechanism. In addition to being difficult and structurally very simple, it offers excellent durability. In addition, since this solar power generation device is supported by the front and rear support columns 4 and 5, it can be installed without any problem even if the installation surface is uneven or inclined, and each installation space can be reduced. High space efficiency can be ensured by arranging them closely.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is large and heavy as a solar cell string or solar cell array, but one of the front and rear columns 4 and 5 (the rear column 5) is bifurcated. Therefore, the weight is distributed and supported in three directions, and the load on each support portion is reduced, so that the durability is further improved. In addition, since the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is installed with support at three points, a stable installation state can be ensured even if there is some unevenness or inclination on the installation surface.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the lower front side of the rotating support shaft 2 arranged in an inclined manner is supported by a single support (front support 4), and the higher rear is a bifurcated support (rear support 5). Since the front side 1a of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is narrower than the intermediate part 1b, when the plurality of units are arranged in the front-rear and left-right directions, the front-rear apparatus is arranged in the front-rear arrangement By positioning the front support column 4 in the rear device between the rear bifurcated support columns 5 in the rear side, and by shifting the front and rear positions of adjacent devices in the left and right arrangement, In a state where the photovoltaic power generation panels 1 can tilt without interfering with each other, a large number of units can be densely arranged to ensure higher space efficiency. Moreover, in each apparatus, even if the front side support | pillar 4 is low, since the front side 1a of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is narrow, up to a large inclination angle without bringing the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 into contact with the installation surface Can be tilted.

It is a side view which shows schematic structure of the solar power generation device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view in alignment with the panel surface direction of the principal part of the solar power generation device of 1st Embodiment. It is a vertical side view of the solar power generation device of 1st Embodiment. It is a top view of the solar power generation device of a 1st embodiment. It is a vertical front view which shows the connection part of the solar power generation panel and rotation spindle in the solar power generation device of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic plan view which shows the dense arrangement state of the solar power generation device of 1st Embodiment. The schematic structure of the solar power generation device concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a side view, (b) is a top view. It is a rear view of the solar power generation device of 2nd Embodiment. It is a side view by the side of the rear part of the solar power generation device of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic side view which shows the modification of the solar power generation device of 2nd Embodiment. It is a rear view in the modification.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 6 show the solar power generation device of the first embodiment, and FIGS. 7 to 11 show the solar power generation device of the second embodiment. In addition, about the component which is common in 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment, even if shape and dimension differ, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a photovoltaic power generation panel 1 in which a plurality of solar cell modules 10 are arranged vertically and horizontally and a front and back at a central position on the lower surface side. A rotating support shaft 2 that is arranged along the direction and supports the photovoltaic power generation panel 1, and front and rear columns 4 that rotatably support the rotating support shaft 2 via bearings 3 on the front side and the rear side, respectively. , 5, a motor 6 with a speed reducer as a rotational drive means of the rotary spindle 2 attached to the top of the front column 4, and a solar position by being attached to the center on the upper surface side of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1. The solar tracking sensor 7 and a control device 8 that controls the driving of the motor 6 with a speed reducer based on the detection signal of the solar tracking sensor 7. And the rear side support | pillar 5 is high and it inclines forward with respect to the perpendicular | vertical and low front side support | pillar 4, and the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 and the rotation support shaft 2 are inclinedly arrange | positioned low in the front part by this. Further, the rear column 5 is bifurcated from a pair of left and right columns 5a and 5b, and these column members 5a and 5b and the front column 4 are each on a columnar concrete anchor 9 having a lower portion embedded in the ground G. Is erected.

  As shown in detail in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 has a total of 15 solar cell modules 10 in five rows in the front and rear, and sequentially from the front row, two, four, four, Three sheets and two sheets are arranged, respectively, whereby the front side 1a is narrower than the middle part 1b. Each of the five rows before and after that is connected in series to form a solar cell string, which is attached to two frames 11 in the left-right direction, and is connected to the rotating support shaft 2 in each frame 11. Yes. In addition, the whole solar power generation panel 1 comprises the solar cell array.

  The rear column 5 is provided with reinforcing bars 51 and 52 between the left and right column members 5a and 5b at the upper part and the middle part thereof, and the middle part of the upper reinforcing bar 51 and the base of the front column 4 are provided. A reinforcing frame 53 is installed between the reinforcing frame 53, and a reinforcing frame 54 is installed between the intermediate portion of the reinforcing frame 53 and the intermediate portion of the lower reinforcing bar 52. The entire support portion of the shaft 2 is firmly integrated.

  As shown in FIG. 5, each frame 11 is made of a channel material opened to the side, whereas the rotation support shaft 2 arranged orthogonal to the frame 11 has a rectangular tube shape, and is substantially U-shaped at the crossing position of both. The connecting metal fitting 12 is fitted to the rotary spindle 2 from below. At the fitting position, the connecting bolt 13 penetrates the connecting bracket 12 and the rotary spindle 2 and the frame 11 from below, and a nut 14 is screwed and tightened to the tip portion protruding into the frame 11. The bent both ends 12a are joined to the lower surface of the frame 11, and the connecting bolt 15 penetrates the connecting metal fitting 12 and the frame 11 from below at both joining positions, and the nut 16 is screwed to the leading end protruding into the frame 11. Thus, the entire photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is firmly connected to the rotating support shaft 2.

  The solar power generation device of the first embodiment is installed at a required site in an arrangement in which the lower front side is directed to the south in the northern hemisphere and the higher rear side is directed to the north (the opposite arrangement in the southern hemisphere). Thus, in the operating state, the sun tracking sensor 7 detects the direction in which sunlight is strongest, and based on the detection signal, the control device 8 decelerates so that the panel surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 faces the direction. The drive of the motor 6 with a machine is controlled. Accordingly, the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 tilts following the diurnal change of the solar position by the rotation of the rotating support shaft 2, and the maximum power generation efficiency is always obtained.

  And in the solar power generation device of this 1st Embodiment, even if the solar power generation panel 1 is large and heavy as a solar cell array, the weight including the rotating spindle 2 is used for the front and rear support columns 4 and 5. Since the rear side support column 5 has a bifurcated shape, the weight is distributed in three directions and the load on each support part is reduced. Combined with the very simple structure, excellent durability is exhibited. Moreover, since this solar power generation device is installed with support at three points, a stable installation state can be ensured even if there is some unevenness or inclination on the installation surface.

  Furthermore, although the whole photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is arranged with the rotation support shaft 2 and the front side inclined at a low angle, the high rear side support column 5 forms a bifurcated support column with respect to the lower front side support column 4, Since the low front side 1a of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is narrower than the intermediate portion 1b, high space efficiency can be ensured by dense arrangement when a plurality of units are arranged in the front-rear and left-right directions. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the front column 4 in the rear device M is positioned between the column members 5a and 5b that form the fork of the rear column 5 in the front device M in the front and rear arrangement. By arranging in a staggered arrangement in which the front and rear positions of adjacent devices are shifted in the left and right arrangement, the solar power generation panels 1 can be tilted without interfering with each other in a state of being close to each other. Moreover, in each photovoltaic power generation apparatus, even if the front side support | pillar 4 is low, since the front part side 1a of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is narrow, without making the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 contact an installation surface It can be tilted to a large tilt angle, and the overall height of the apparatus can be lowered accordingly, facilitating installation work and maintenance work.

  In addition, although the solar power generation device of 1st Embodiment follows the diurnal change of a solar position, the inclination | tilt angle of the rotating spindle 2 can be made by comprising one of the support | pillars 4 and 5 so that raising / lowering is possible by a suitable means. It is good also as a structure which adjusts the elevation angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 as variable, and respond | corresponds also to the change of the solar height accompanying a seasonal change. Therefore, since the change of the solar altitude accompanying this seasonal change is slow, the elevation angle adjustment of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 may be performed at regular intervals.

  In the first embodiment, the solar power generation panel 1 is configured to have a narrow width on the rear side as well as on the front side 1a. However, by increasing the staggered arrangement as shown in FIG. Interference between adjacent devices M can be avoided even with a wide width. Moreover, the shape, the number of arrangement | positioning, arrangement | positioning structure, and connection structure of the solar cell module 10 in this solar power generation panel 1 can be set variously besides an illustration. In addition, a detailed structure such as a reinforcing structure that connects the front and rear columns 4 and 5, an arrangement configuration of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 in the frame 11, a connecting structure of the rotating support shaft 2 and the frame 11, and a mounting position of the bearing 3 on the rotating support shaft 2. Various design changes can be made in addition to the examples.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the second embodiment is provided with rotational supports via bearings 3 at the tops of the front and rear columns 4, 5 and the middle column 17 that are vertical at the same height. The shaft 2 is rotatably held in a horizontal state, and a plurality (seven in the figure) of photovoltaic power generation panels 1 are attached to the rotating support shaft 2 at regular intervals. A sun follower sensor 7 for detecting the sun position is attached to the approximate center of 1. In addition, on the upper part of the rear side support column 5, a motor 6 with a speed reducer as a rotation driving means of the rotary spindle 2 and a control for controlling the driving of the motor 6 with a speed reducer based on a detection signal of the sun tracking sensor 7. A device 8 is attached. In addition, each support | pillar 4,5,17 is standingly fixed perpendicularly | vertically on the concrete anchor 9 installed in the ground G, respectively.

  Each solar power generation panel 1 has a pair of left and right solar cell modules 10 fitted in a rectangular frame 11 that is long on the left and right, and the rotation support shaft 2 is inserted through an opening 11 a provided in the center in the left and right direction of the frame 11. In shape, the panel surface is fixed to the rotary spindle 2 via the mounting member 11b with a predetermined elevation angle (for example, around 25 degrees in the case of mid-latitudes near Japan) so that the panel surface faces the sun.

  Further, as represented by the rear side shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, each concrete anchor 9 has a block shape which is long to the left and right to prevent the entire apparatus from falling to the left and right. A support fitting 19 with radial ribs 19 a is welded and fixed to the root portion of 17, and a cap 18 that covers the entire top of the anchor 9 is fixed to the lower surface side of the support fitting 19 via bolts and nuts 20. Yes.

  In addition, when the left-right width of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is large, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, for each photovoltaic power generation panel 11, both the left and right positions on the inclined upper edge side of the frame 11 and the rotation support shaft 2 Support strengths 20 and 20 can be attached between the two to increase the support strength.

  The photovoltaic power generation apparatus of the second embodiment is installed at a required site in an arrangement in which the elevation angle direction of each photovoltaic power generation panel 1 faces southward in the northern hemisphere (arrangement facing northward in the southern hemisphere). Thus, in the operating state, the sun tracking sensor 7 detects the direction in which sunlight is strongest, and based on the detection signal, the control device 8 decelerates so that the panel surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 faces the direction. The drive of the motor 6 with a machine is controlled. Therefore, as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 8, the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 tilts following the diurnal change of the solar position by the rotation of the rotating support shaft 2, and the maximum power generation efficiency is always obtained.

  In the photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the second embodiment, a plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels 1 can be arranged in series on the horizontally arranged rotating support shaft 2, and a plurality of such apparatuses are mutually connected to the photovoltaic power generation panel. Since the rotation support shafts 2 can be densely arranged in parallel so long as they do not interfere with each other, high space efficiency can be ensured at a limited installation location. Moreover, by arrange | positioning the several photovoltaic power generation panel 1 low at the same height, it becomes difficult to receive a wind pressure and can prevent the collapse by a strong wind. Furthermore, since the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of this embodiment is structurally simple, there is also an advantage that it can be assembled and manufactured efficiently at low cost.

  In this second embodiment, each photovoltaic power generation panel 1 tilts following the diurnal change of the solar position. However, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel 1 is variable with respect to the rotation support shaft 2 and depends on the season. It is good also as a structure which adjusts an elevation angle corresponding to the change of solar altitude. Further, if the mounting position of the bearing 3 with respect to the tops of the columns 4, 5 and 17 can be adjusted up and down, the rotating support shaft 2 can be set horizontally by adjusting the mounting position according to the unevenness of the ground G. Becomes easier. Furthermore, the number of solar power generation panels 1 attached to the rotating spindle 2 and the arrangement interval thereof can be variously set in addition to the examples, and a small apparatus with a short rotating spindle 2 may be configured without the intermediate support column 17.

  The rotation range of the rotary spindle 2 (solar power generation panel 1) in the solar power generation device of the present invention is normally set to about 120 ° by a program input to the control device 8, but the program and the motor 6 with a speed reducer. It is recommended to provide a limit switch for limiting the rotation at an appropriate location in order to avoid the occurrence of over-rotation exceeding the set value due to the above problem. Further, the sun tracking sensor 7 and the control device 8 can be attached to any position other than those illustrated in the first and second embodiments, and other than the motor 6 with a speed reducer illustrated as the rotation driving means of the rotary support shaft 2. Various drive mechanisms can be employed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photovoltaic power generation panel 1a Front part 1b Middle part 10 Solar cell module 2 Rotation spindle 3 Bearing 4 Front part support | pillar 5 Rear part support | pillar 6 Motor with reduction gear (rotation drive means)
7 Sun tracking sensor 8 Control device

Claims (3)

A photovoltaic power generation panel, a rotational support shaft that supports the photovoltaic power generation panel by being arranged along the front-rear direction on the lower surface thereof, and the rotational support shaft can be freely rotated on the front side and the rear side via bearings. The front and rear struts supported by the rotation support means, the rotation support means for the rotation support shaft, the sun tracking sensor for detecting the sun position, and the control for controlling the drive of the rotation drive means based on the detection signal of the sun tracking sensor With the device,
A solar power generation device configured such that the solar power generation panel tilts following the daily change of the solar position by the rotation of the rotation support shaft.   2. The photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic power generation panel is formed of a solar cell string or a solar cell array in which a plurality of solar cell modules are arranged in a plane, and one of the front and rear columns is bifurcated. The rotating support shaft is disposed at a low slope on the front side, the front side is supported by a single column and the rear side is supported by the bifurcated column, and the front side of the photovoltaic power generation panel is more than the middle unit The solar power generation device according to claim 2, wherein the photovoltaic power generation device is formed in a narrow width.

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