JP2014107647A - Distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accomplish, within a small area, a distributor which separates, in an insulative manner, a circuit of a distribution source and a circuit of a distribution destination.SOLUTION: The distributor comprises a first circuit which receives input of an electric signal, and a plurality of second circuits each outputting an electric signal. The first circuit includes a first coil, an intermediate tap of which is connected to a power source. The first circuit further includes two first transistors with drains connected via a first transformer, interconnected sources connected to a ground and gates receiving input of electric signals. Each of the second circuits includes a second coil, the intermediate tap of which is connected to the ground and which is transformer-coupled with the first coil. The second circuit further includes two second transistors with the drains and the gates connected to the power source and the sources interconnected via a second transformer and which output electric signals between the drains and the power source.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for distributing a signal.

  An oscillator circuit for generating a carrier signal is mounted on a transmitter / receiver used for radar or wireless communication. The carrier signal generated by the oscillation circuit is required to have low phase noise characteristics. Therefore, the transceiver has a configuration in which the oscillation circuit, the transmission circuit, and the reception circuit are insulated and separated so that noise generated in the transmission circuit and the reception circuit does not leak into the oscillation circuit through the wiring.

  In order to insulate and isolate the oscillation circuit from the transmission circuit and the reception circuit, in the transmitter / receiver, the oscillation circuit, the transmission circuit and the reception circuit are separated by an isolation distributor combining an amplification circuit and an isolation transformer, respectively. Join. Hereinafter, the isolation transformer is also referred to as a transformer.

  As a related technique, a technique is known in which a signal received by an antenna is input to a low-noise amplifier via a transformer. In addition, a technique is known in which a signal generated in a transmission device is input to an amplification device via a transformer (see, for example, Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2).

JP 2001-119251 A JP 2012-83345 A

  As an example of a distributor using the above-described insulation separation technique, there is a configuration of a distributor 600 shown in FIG. Input terminals 602a and 602b of distributor 600 are connected to an oscillation circuit. Output terminals 603a and 603b of distributor 600 are connected to a transmission circuit. Output terminals 604a and 604b of distributor 600 are connected to a receiving circuit.

  Distributor 600 has a large loss when the carrier signal is transmitted from the oscillation circuit to the transmission circuit and the reception circuit via transformer 601. For this reason, an amplifier circuit 605 a for compensating for the loss of the carrier signal in the transformer 601 is required between the oscillation circuit and the transformer 601.

  In the transformer 601, the magnitude of the current flowing through the primary coil 606a changes, whereby the magnetic flux generated in the transformer 601 changes, and induced currents are generated in the secondary coils 606b and 606c. Thereby, the transformer 601 transmits the carrier signal from the primary coil side to the secondary coil side. For this reason, the distributor 600 requires a voltage / current conversion circuit 607a for converting the carrier signal input as a voltage signal from the oscillation circuit into a current signal and inputting the current signal to the coil 606a.

  The power supply VD4 of the voltage / current conversion circuit 607a takes into account the loss of the current signal in the transformer 601 and generates a current signal having a magnitude that can be transmitted from the primary coil 606a to the secondary coils 606b and 606c. It is a power supply to supply. The power supplies VG5 and VG6 of the voltage / current conversion circuits 607b and 607c adjust the operating points of the transistors of the amplifier circuits 605b and 605c, respectively, and supply a bias voltage for obtaining a sine wave having the same frequency as the carrier signal at the output. It is.

  As described above, to apply the transformer 601 to insulate and separate the oscillation circuit from the transmission circuit and the reception circuit, the amplifier circuit 605a and the voltage / current conversion circuits 607b and 607c are required. There is a problem that the circuit scale of 600 becomes large.

  In view of the above-described problems, an embodiment described later in the present specification aims to realize a distributor having a small area for insulating and separating a distribution source circuit and a distribution destination circuit.

  One of the distributors disclosed in this specification is a distributor including a first coil, a second coil, a first circuit, and a plurality of second circuits. The first coil and the second coil are transformer-coupled. In the first circuit, each source connected to each other is connected to the ground, each drain connected to each other via the first coil is connected to a power source, and each gate is connected to a signal distribution source 2 First transistors. In the plurality of second circuits, each drain is connected to the power source, each gate is connected to the power source, each source connected via the second coil is connected to the ground, and between each drain and the power source Are output to the distribution destination.

  The embodiment described later in this specification has an effect of realizing a distributor that isolates and separates a distribution source circuit and a distribution destination circuit in a small area.

It is a circuit diagram of one Example of the divider | distributor of embodiment. It is a block diagram of one Example of the transformer which the divider | distributor of embodiment has. It is the transmitter / receiver of one Example to which the divider | distributor of embodiment is applied. It is the PLL circuit of one Example to which the divider | distributor of embodiment is applied. It is the lock-in amplifier of one Example to which the divider | distributor of embodiment is applied. It is a circuit diagram of the conventional divider | distributor.

[Embodiment]
The distributor of the embodiment will be described.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an example of a distributor according to the embodiment.

  FIG. 1 shows a distributor 100 that distributes a signal input from a distribution source to a distribution destination. In the following description, the distribution source is an oscillation circuit (not shown). The distribution destination is a transmission circuit and a reception circuit (not shown). The signal input from the distribution source to the distributor 100 is, for example, an electrical signal.

  The power supplies VG1 to VG3 and the power supplies VD1 to VD3 are separate power supplies that are independent of other power supplies. The power supplies VG1 to VG3 and the power supplies VD1 to VD3 are connected to a common power supply circuit (not shown) included in the distributor 100 via power supply lines that are long enough to insulate and separate the power supplies. May be. Moreover, it is preferable to use a DC power source for the power sources VG1 to VG3 and the power sources VD1 to VD3.

  The ground 1 (GND1), the ground 2 (GND2), and the ground 3 (GND3) are separate grounds independent of other grounds. The grounds 1 to 3 may be connected to a common ground (not shown) included in the distributor 100 via a power supply line having a length sufficient to insulate and isolate each ground.

The distributor 100 includes a transformer 101, a first circuit 110, and two second circuits 130 and 150.
The transformer 101 includes a primary coil 111 (first coil), secondary coils 131 and 151 (second coil), a power supply VD1, and grounds 2 and 3.

  The primary coil 111 is, for example, a spiral in which an electric wire such as a copper wire is wound or a flat coil. Primary coil 111 is transformer-coupled to secondary coils 131 and 151. An intermediate tap at the center of the primary coil 111 is connected to the power supply VD1.

  The secondary coil 131 is, for example, a spiral wound around an electric wire such as a copper wire, or a flat coil. Secondary coil 131 is transformer-coupled to primary coil 111. An intermediate tap at the center of the secondary coil 131 is connected to the ground 2.

  The secondary coil 151 is, for example, a spiral wound around an electric wire such as a copper wire, or a flat coil. Secondary coil 151 is transformer-coupled to primary coil 111. The intermediate tap at the center of the secondary coil 151 is connected to the ground 3.

  The first circuit 110 is, for example, an input circuit that receives a carrier signal input from an oscillation circuit. The first circuit 110 includes transistors 112a and 112b (first transistors), input terminals 113a and 113b, capacitors 114a and 114b, a coil 115a and a coil 115b, a power source VG1, and a ground 1. .

  The transistors 112a and 112b are, for example, field effect transistors. The source of the transistor 112a and the source of the transistor 112b are connected to the ground 1 with each other. In addition, the drain of the transistor 112 a and the drain of the transistor 112 b are connected via the primary coil 111. Further, the gate of the transistor 112a and the gate of the transistor 112b are connected to the input terminals 113a and 113b via the capacitor 114a and the capacitor 114b, respectively.

  The input terminals 113a and 113b are each connected to an oscillation circuit and receive a carrier signal whose phase is inverted.

  Coil 115a is connected between the gate of transistor 112a and capacitor 114a, and between power supply VG1. Coil 115b is connected between the gate of transistor 112b and capacitor 114b, and between power supply VG1. Thus, the capacitors 114a and 114b and the coils 115a and 115b constitute a matching circuit 120 for matching with the output of the oscillation circuit.

  The power supply VG1 applies a bias voltage, which is appropriately set for alternately switching the transistors 112a and 112b, to the gates of the transistors 112a and 112b by a carrier signal input as a voltage signal from the oscillation circuit. At this time, for example, the voltage of the power supply VG1 may be set to a voltage value set in the transistors 112a and 112b at an operating point at which the ON state and the OFF state are periodically switched.

  The second circuit 130 has the same configuration as the second circuit 150, and is an output circuit that outputs the distributed carrier signal to the transmission circuit. The second circuit 130 includes transistors 132a and 132b (second transistors), output terminals 133a and 133b, capacitors 134a and 134b, a coil 135a, a coil 135b, a power source VG2, and a power source VD2. .

  The transistors 132a and 132b are, for example, field effect transistors. The source of the transistor 132a and the source of the transistor 132b are connected via the secondary coil 131 of the transformer 101. The drain of the transistor 132a and the drain of the transistor 132b are connected to the power supply VD2 via the coil 135a and the coil 135b, respectively. Further, the gate of the transistor 132a and the gate of the transistor 132b are each connected to the power supply VG2.

  The output terminals 133a and 133b are connected to the transmission circuits, respectively, and output carrier signals with inverted phases.

  The capacitor 134a is connected between the drain of the transistor 132a and the coil 135a and between the output terminal 133a. The capacitor 134b is connected between the drain of the transistor 132b and the coil 135b and between the output terminal 133b. Thereby, the capacitors 134a and 134b and the coils 135a and 135b constitute a matching circuit 140 for matching with the input side of the transmission circuit.

  The power supply VG2 applies a bias voltage appropriately set for switching the transistors 132a and 132b forming the common source circuit to the gates of the transistors 132a and 132b by the carrier signal transmitted from the first circuit 110. At this time, for example, the voltage of the power supply VG2 may be set to a voltage value set in the transistors 132a and 132b at an operating point at which the ON state and the OFF state are periodically switched.

  The second circuit 150 is an output circuit that has the same configuration as the second circuit 130 and outputs the distributed carrier signal to the receiving circuit. The second circuit 150 includes transistors 152a and 152b, output terminals 153a and 153b, capacitors 154a and 154b, a coil 155a and a coil 155b, a power source VG3, and a power source VD3.

  The transistors 152a and 152b are, for example, field effect transistors. The source of the transistor 152a and the source of the transistor 152b are connected via the secondary coil 151 of the transformer 101. The drain of the transistor 152a and the drain of the transistor 152b are connected to the power supply VD3 via the coil 155a and the coil 155b, respectively. Further, the gate of the transistor 152a and the gate of the transistor 152b are each connected to the power source VG3.

  The output terminals 153a and 153b are each connected to a transmission circuit, and output a carrier signal whose phase is inverted.

  The capacitor 154a is connected between the drain of the transistor 152a and the coil 155a and between the output terminal 153a. The capacitor 154b is connected between the drain of the transistor 152b and the coil 155b and between the output terminal 153b. Accordingly, the capacitors 154a and 154b and the coils 155a and 155b constitute a matching circuit 160 for matching with the input side of the receiving circuit.

  The power supply VG3 applies a bias voltage appropriately set for switching the transistors 152a and 152b forming the common-source circuit to the gates of the transistors 152a and 152b by the carrier signal transmitted from the first circuit 110. At this time, for example, the voltage of the power supply VG3 may be set to a voltage value set in the transistors 152a and 152b at an operating point at which the ON state and the OFF state are periodically switched.

  Moreover, the divider | distributor 100 of embodiment can aim at the high output of a carrier signal by taking a differential structure.

  In FIG. 1, there are two second circuits, but three or more second circuits having the same configuration may be transformer-coupled to the first circuit. At this time, also in the second and subsequent second circuits, the sources of the two common-gate transistors are connected to each other via a secondary coil that is grounded to the intermediate tap and is transformer-coupled to the primary coil 111. Is done.

  Note that the transistors 112a, 112b, 132a, 132b, 152a, and 152b in FIG. 1 may be replaced with bipolar transistors. The configuration of the distributor 100 in this case is a configuration in which the gate, the source, and the drain in FIG. 1 are read as the base, the emitter, and the collector.

  The power supply VD1 may be connected to an arbitrary position between the drain of the transistor 112a and the drain of the transistor 112b instead of the intermediate tap of the primary coil 111. Further, the intermediate tap of the primary coil 111 may be formed on the primary coil 111 at an arbitrary place other than the center of the primary coil 111 and connected to the power supply VD1. In this case, an amplifier circuit and a bias circuit are appropriately mounted on the first circuit 110 or the second circuits 130 and 150, and an arbitrary output waveform is set to be obtained from the output terminals 133a, 133b, 153a, and 153b. You may do it.

  The ground 2 may be connected to an arbitrary position between the source of the transistor 132a and the source of the transistor 132b instead of the intermediate tap of the secondary coil 131. The intermediate tap of the secondary coil 131 may be formed on the secondary coil 131 at any location other than the center of the secondary coil 131 and connected to the ground 2. In this case, an amplifier circuit and a bias circuit are appropriately mounted on the first circuit 110 or the second circuits 130 and 150, and an arbitrary output waveform is set to be obtained from the output terminals 133a, 133b, 153a, and 153b. You may do it.

  The ground 3 may be connected to an arbitrary position between the source of the transistor 152a and the source of the transistor 152b instead of the intermediate tap of the secondary coil 151. Further, the intermediate tap of the secondary coil 151 may be formed on the secondary coil 151 at any location other than the center of the secondary coil 151 and connected to the ground 3. In this case, an amplifier circuit and a bias circuit are appropriately mounted on the first circuit 110 or the second circuits 130 and 150, and an arbitrary output waveform is set to be obtained from the output terminals 133a, 133b, 153a, and 153b. You may do it.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an example of a transformer included in the distributor according to the embodiment.
FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of the transformer 101 described in FIG. In FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are given to the portions corresponding to the components described in FIG. 1.

The primary coil 111 and the secondary coils 131 and 151 each have a flat coil shape.
The intermediate tap 201 of the primary coil 111 is connected to the power supply VD1.

The intermediate tap 202 of the secondary coil 131 is connected to the ground 2.
The intermediate tap 203 of the secondary coil 151 is connected to the ground 3.
The grounds 1 to 3 are separately formed and insulated and separated.

  Although only VD1 is shown in FIG. 2, the power supplies VD1 to VD3 and the power supplies VD1 to VD3 are separately formed and insulated and separated.

FIG. 3 illustrates a transceiver according to an example to which the distributor according to the embodiment is applied.
FIG. 3 shows an example in which the distributor 100 is applied to a transceiver.

  The distributor 100 is connected between an oscillation circuit 301 that is a carrier signal distribution source, and a transmission circuit 302 and a reception circuit 303 that are carrier signal distribution destinations.

  Thus, distributor 100 distributes the carrier signal from oscillation circuit 301 to transmission circuit 302 and reception circuit 303. Furthermore, the distributor 100 insulates and isolates the oscillation circuit 301, the transmission circuit 302, and the reception circuit 303.

FIG. 4 is a PLL circuit of an example to which the distributor of the embodiment is applied.
FIG. 4 shows an example in which the distributor 100 is applied to a PLL circuit (Phase Locked Loop).

  The distributor 100 is connected between a voltage controlled oscillator 404 that is an output signal distribution source, a frequency divider circuit 405 that is an output signal distribution destination, and an output terminal 406.

  Thus, distributor 100 distributes the output signal from voltage controlled oscillator 404 to frequency divider circuit 405 and output terminal 406. Furthermore, the distributor 100 insulates and isolates the voltage-controlled oscillator 404, the frequency dividing circuit 405, and the device connected to the output terminal 406.

FIG. 5 is a lock-in amplifier according to an example to which the distributor according to the embodiment is applied.
FIG. 5 shows an example in which the distributor 100 is applied to a configuration in which a reference signal is distributed to two lock-in amplifiers in order to measure two minute signals 1 and 2.

  The distributor 100 is connected between an oscillation circuit 501 that is a reference signal distribution source, and a lock-in amplifier 502 and a lock-in amplifier 503 that are reference signal distribution destinations.

  As a result, distributor 100 distributes the reference signal from oscillation circuit 501 to lock-in amplifier 502 and lock-in amplifier 503. Further, distributor 100 insulates and isolates oscillation circuit 501, lock-in amplifier 502, and lock-in amplifier 503.

  In the distributor 100 as described above, the power source VD1 is connected to the primary coil 111 side of the transformer 101, and the transistors 112a and 112b are switched to amplify the signal input from the distribution source. Thereby, unlike distributor 600, distributor 100 does not need to be provided with an amplifier circuit for compensating for signal loss in transformer 101, so the circuit area can be reduced.

  Further, in the distributor 100, the power supply VD1 is connected to the primary coil 111 side of the transformer 101, and the transistors 112a and 112b are switched to convert the voltage signal input from the distribution source into a current signal. In addition, since the second circuits 130 and 150 are grounded gate circuits, the bias voltages of the transistors 132a, 132b, 152a, and 152b are adjusted by changing the voltage values of the power supplies VG2 and VG3. Thereby, the distributor 100 can compensate for the loss of the transformer 101, adjust the operating points of the respective transistors 132a, 132b, 152a, and 152b of the second circuits 130 and 150, and distribute the carrier signal. Accordingly, the distributor 100 converts the voltage signal input from the distribution source into a current signal having a magnitude that can be transmitted from the primary coil 111 to the secondary coils 131 and 151 via the transformer 101. A conversion circuit is unnecessary. In addition, the distributor 100 applies a bias voltage to the transistors 132a, 132b, 152a, and 152b of the second circuits 130 and 150, and uses a current signal input through the transformer 101 as a voltage signal. A current conversion circuit is unnecessary. As a result, unlike the distributor 600, the distributor 100 does not need to include a separate current / voltage conversion circuit, so that the circuit area can be reduced.

  In distributor 100, power supply VD1, ground 2, and ground 3 were connected to the middle tap in the center of primary coil 111 and the middle taps of secondary coils 131 and 151, respectively. Thereby, in the distributor 100, the signal waveforms of the secondary coils 131 and 151 appear with reference to the ground potential. Therefore, in the distributor 100, when the power levels VD2 and VD3 are appropriately changed to adjust the output level, and the power sources VG2 and VG3 are appropriately changed to adjust the operating points of the transistors 132a, 132b, 152a, and 152b, any output can be obtained. A waveform is obtained. Therefore, the distributor 100 does not need to have a bias circuit in particular, so that the circuit area can be reduced.

  The first circuit 110 and the second circuits 130 and 150 of the distributor 100 form a cascode amplifier circuit in which a source ground circuit and a gate ground circuit are connected via a transformer 101, respectively. Therefore, in the distributor 100, the mirror effect can be reduced, so that good high frequency characteristics can be obtained.

The following additional notes are further disclosed with respect to the embodiments including the examples described above. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following supplementary notes.
(Appendix 1)
A first coil;
A plurality of second coils transformer-coupled to the first coil;
Sources connected to each other are connected to the ground, drains connected to each other via the first coil are connected to a power source, and two firsts are connected to a signal distribution source. A first circuit having a transistor;
Each drain is connected to a power source, each gate is connected to a power source, each source connected via the second coil is connected to the ground, and a signal between each drain and the power source is distributed to a distribution destination A plurality of second circuits having two second transistors for outputting;
A distributor characterized by comprising:
(Appendix 2)
The power source to which each drain of the first transistor is connected is
The distributor according to appendix 1, wherein the distributor is connected to an intermediate tap of the first coil.
(Appendix 3)
The ground to which each source of the second transistor is connected is:
The distributor according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the distributor is connected to an intermediate tap of the second coil.
(Appendix 4)
The ground to which the sources of the second transistors are connected and the ground to which the sources of the first transistors are connected are:
The distributor according to any one of appendices 1 to 3, wherein each is a separate ground.
(Appendix 5)
The ground to which each source of each second transistor is connected is:
The distributor according to any one of appendices 1 to 4, wherein each is a separate ground.
(Appendix 6)
The power source to which each drain of the first transistor is connected, the power source to which the drain of each second transistor is connected, and the power source to which the gate of each second transistor is connected are:
The distributor according to any one of appendices 1 to 5, wherein each is a separate power source.
(Appendix 7)
A first coil;
A plurality of second coils transformer-coupled to the first coil;
Two emitters connected to each other are connected to ground, collectors connected to each other via the first coil are connected to a power source, and each base is connected to a signal distribution source. A first circuit having a transistor;
Each collector is connected to a power source, each base is connected to a power source, each emitter connected via the second coil is connected to ground, and a signal between each collector and the power source is distributed to a destination A plurality of second circuits having two second transistors for outputting;
A distributor characterized by comprising:
(Appendix 8)
The power source to which each collector of the first transistor is connected is:
The distributor according to appendix 7, wherein the distributor is connected to an intermediate tap of the first coil.
(Appendix 9)
The ground to which each emitter of the second transistor is connected is:
The distributor according to appendix 7 or 8, wherein the distributor is connected to an intermediate tap of the second coil.
(Appendix 10)
The ground to which each emitter of each second transistor is connected and the ground to which each emitter of the first transistor is connected are:
The distributor according to any one of appendices 7 to 9, wherein each is a separate ground.
(Appendix 11)
The ground to which the emitters of the second transistors are connected is
The distributor according to any one of appendices 7 to 10, wherein each is a separate ground.
(Appendix 12)
The power source to which each collector of the first transistor is connected, the power source to which the collector of each second transistor is connected, and the power source to which the base of each second transistor is connected are:
The distributor according to any one of appendices 7 to 11, wherein each is a separate power source.

100 Distributor 101 Transformer 110 First circuit 111 Primary coil 112a, 112b Transistor 113a, 113b Input terminal 114a, 114b Capacitor 115a, 115b Coil 130, 150 Second circuit 131, 151 Secondary coil 132a, 132b, 152a, 152b Transistor 133a, 133b, 153a, 153b Output terminal 134a, 134b, 154a, 154b Capacitor 135a, 135b, 155a, 155b Coil 201-203 Intermediate tap 301 Oscillator circuit 302 Transmitter circuit 303 Receiver circuit 404 Voltage controlled oscillator 405 Divider circuit 406 Output terminal 501 Oscillator 502, 503 Lock-in amplifier 600 Distributor 601 Transformer 602a, 602b Input terminal 603a, 603b Out Power terminal 604a, 604b Output terminal 605a-605c Amplifier circuit 606a Coil 606a Primary coil 606b, 606c Secondary coil 607a-607c Voltage / current conversion circuit

Claims (7)

A first coil;
A plurality of second coils transformer-coupled to the first coil;
Sources connected to each other are connected to the ground, drains connected to each other via the first coil are connected to a power source, and two firsts are connected to a signal distribution source. A first circuit having a transistor;
Each drain is connected to a power source, each gate is connected to a power source, each source connected via the second coil is connected to the ground, and a signal between each drain and the power source is distributed to a distribution destination A plurality of second circuits having two second transistors for outputting;
A distributor characterized by comprising: The power source to which each drain of the first transistor is connected is
The distributor according to claim 1, wherein the distributor is connected to an intermediate tap of the first coil. The ground to which each source of the second transistor is connected is:
The distributor according to claim 1, wherein the distributor is connected to an intermediate tap of the second coil. The ground to which the sources of the second transistors are connected and the ground to which the sources of the first transistors are connected are:
The distributor according to claim 1, wherein each distributor is a separate ground. The ground to which each source of each second transistor is connected is:
The distributor according to claim 1, wherein each distributor is a separate ground. The power source to which each drain of the first transistor is connected, the power source to which the drain of each second transistor is connected, and the power source to which the gate of each second transistor is connected are:
The distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the power supplies is a separate power source. A first coil;
A plurality of second coils transformer-coupled to the first coil;
Two emitters connected to each other are connected to ground, collectors connected to each other via the first coil are connected to a power source, and each base is connected to a signal distribution source. A first circuit having a transistor;
Each collector is connected to a power source, each base is connected to a power source, each emitter connected via the second coil is connected to ground, and a signal between each collector and the power source is distributed to a destination A plurality of second circuits having two second transistors for outputting;
A distributor characterized by comprising:

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