JP2014085250A - Collision performance evaluation method of compression bent part - Google Patents

Collision performance evaluation method of compression bent part Download PDF

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JP2014085250A
JP2014085250A JP2012234780A JP2012234780A JP2014085250A JP 2014085250 A JP2014085250 A JP 2014085250A JP 2012234780 A JP2012234780 A JP 2012234780A JP 2012234780 A JP2012234780 A JP 2012234780A JP 2014085250 A JP2014085250 A JP 2014085250A
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test body
compression
test
collision performance
compression bending
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JP5928297B2 (en
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Yasunori Ito
泰則 伊藤
Atsuhiko Sugita
篤彦 杉田
Kazunori Ooka
数則 大岡
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a collision performance evaluation method of a compression bent part capable of bending and deforming a columnar partial model until reaching a self-contact in a large way and accurately evaluating collision performance of the compression bent part.SOLUTION: The collision performance evaluation method is a method for giving a columnar test body 1 a load from its axial direction to perform a compressing and bending test and for evaluating the collision performance of the compression bent part. The test body 1 is previously bent and a buckling generation region 2 is specified. Then, this test body 1 is rotatably mounted on a compression bending test machine, and the buckling generation region 2 side of this test body is applied with a compression load in the axial direction so as to cause the test body to undergo buckling deformation. It is preferable to implement the mounting of the test body 1 to the compressing bending test machine via a hinge which is plastically deformable.

Description

本発明は、自動車の開発設計段階において前面衝突性能評価のために行われる、圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a collision performance evaluation method for a compression bending portion, which is performed for frontal collision performance evaluation in a development and design stage of an automobile.

自動車の開発設計段階においては、車体の衝突性能の評価は不可避である。このため自動車メーカーでは試作車（フルビィークル）を作り、例えば特許文献１に示すように衝突性能評価を実施している。   In the vehicle development and design stage, evaluation of the collision performance of the vehicle body is inevitable. For this reason, an automobile manufacturer makes a prototype vehicle (full vehicle) and evaluates the collision performance as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.

しかし試作車は高価であることから、この衝突性能評価の実施は容易ではなく、評価機会は限られている。また、試験実施までに長い時間を必要とするため、問題が発生した際は開発工程の遅延につながることも多い。そのため、新しい材料、新しい構造を試作車に搭載するのは容易ではなく、仮に搭載されたとしても、限られた数の中で多くの材料、構造を評価することは不可能である。また、自動車メーカー以外では、費用対効果や設備の面で衝突性能評価試験を実施することは困難である。このため、鉄鋼メーカーや部品メーカーが独自に開発した自社製品の衝突性能評価を行なうことは、ほとんど行われていないのが実情である。   However, since the prototype vehicle is expensive, it is not easy to perform the collision performance evaluation, and the evaluation opportunities are limited. In addition, since it takes a long time to carry out the test, when a problem occurs, it often leads to a delay in the development process. For this reason, it is not easy to mount new materials and new structures on a prototype vehicle, and even if they are mounted, it is impossible to evaluate many materials and structures within a limited number. In addition, it is difficult for non-automakers to conduct a collision performance evaluation test in terms of cost effectiveness and equipment. For this reason, the actual situation is that almost no evaluation of the impact performance of in-house products independently developed by steel manufacturers and parts manufacturers has been carried out.

この問題を解決するために本発明者等は、衝突エネルギー吸収の寄与率が大きい部品を抜き出し、部分モデルによる衝突性能評価を行なう方法を開発中である。この方法により事前に新しい材料や新しい構造を評価すれば、試作車での問題発生を回避することができ、試作車への搭載を従来よりも容易とすることができる。また部分モデルのみを改良して評価試験を繰り返すことが容易にできるようになるから、従来よりもはるかに多くの材料や構造の評価が可能となる。   In order to solve this problem, the present inventors are developing a method for extracting a part having a large contribution rate of collision energy absorption and performing a collision performance evaluation using a partial model. If new materials and new structures are evaluated in advance by this method, problems in the prototype vehicle can be avoided, and mounting in the prototype vehicle can be made easier than before. In addition, since it becomes easy to repeat the evaluation test by improving only the partial model, much more materials and structures can be evaluated than before.

しかし、試験車両を剛体壁やアルミハニカムバリアに前面から衝突させる前面衝突に関するフロントサイドメンバーは、圧縮により稜線が座屈し曲げ変形に移行し、自己接触に至るまで大きく変形する。このため部分モデルでこのような挙動を再現することが難しく、部分モデルによる衝突性能評価を行なううえで、ひとつの障害となっていた。   However, the front side member relating to the frontal collision that causes the test vehicle to collide with the rigid wall or the aluminum honeycomb barrier from the front side buckles the ridgeline due to compression, shifts to bending deformation, and greatly deforms until reaching the self-contact. For this reason, it is difficult to reproduce such behavior with a partial model, which has been an obstacle in evaluating collision performance with a partial model.

なお、通常は長尺の柱状形状の部品を曲げる場合には、図７に示す３点曲げや４点曲げ試験による評価を行なう。しかしこれらの方法では、部品に押し当てた治具が曲げ部にあるため、試験体どうしが自己接触に至るまで大きく曲げ変形させることは困難であり、目的とする性能評価を行なうことができない。   Normally, when a long columnar part is bent, evaluation is performed by a three-point bending or a four-point bending test shown in FIG. However, in these methods, since the jig pressed against the part is in the bending portion, it is difficult to greatly bend and deform the specimens until they come into self-contact, and the target performance evaluation cannot be performed.

特開２０１１−２４７７３３号公報JP 2011-247733 A

従って本発明の目的は上記した従来の問題点を解決し、柱状の部分モデルを自己接触に至るまで大きく曲げ変形させ、その圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能を正確に評価することができる圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法を提供することである。   Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, greatly deform the columnar partial model until self-contact, and accurately evaluate the collision performance of the compression bending portion. It is to provide a collision performance evaluation method.

上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、柱状の試験体にその軸線方向から荷重を与えて圧縮曲げ試験を行ない、その圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能を評価する方法であって、試験体を予備曲げして座屈発生部位を特定したうえ、この試験体を圧縮曲げ試験機に回転可能に取付け、この試験体の座屈発生部位側に軸線方向の圧縮荷重を加え、座屈変形させることを特徴とするものである。   The present invention made to solve the above problems is a method for performing a compression bending test by applying a load to the columnar specimen from its axial direction, and evaluating the impact performance of the compression bending portion. The specimen is pre-bent to identify the buckling occurrence part, and this specimen is rotatably mounted on the compression bending tester, and an axial compressive load is applied to the buckling occurrence part of the specimen to cause buckling deformation. It is characterized by this.

請求項２のように、前記予備曲げを、試験体の成形工程において行なうことができる。また請求項３のように、圧縮曲げ試験機への試験体の取付けを、塑性変形可能なヒンジを介して行うことができ、あるいは請求項４のように、圧縮曲げ試験機への試験体の取付けを、軸受を介して行うこともできる。さらに請求項５のように、前記試験体の端面に、座屈発生部位側に突起を持つ治具を当接し、この治具を介して試験体の座屈発生部位側に軸線方向の圧縮荷重を加えることができる。   As in claim 2, the preliminary bending can be performed in the molding process of the specimen. Further, as in claim 3, the specimen can be attached to the compression bending tester via a plastically deformable hinge, or the specimen is attached to the compression bending tester as in claim 4. The mounting can also be performed via a bearing. Further, as in claim 5, a jig having a protrusion on the buckling occurrence site side is brought into contact with the end face of the test body, and an axial compressive load is applied to the buckling occurrence site side of the test body via this jig. Can be added.

本発明の圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法によれば、柱状の試験体のその軸線方向から荷重を加え、自己接触するまで曲げ変形させることが可能となる。このため前面衝突の部分モデルによる評価が可能となり、試作車を用いた評価の代用ができる。これにより、新しい材料や構造を事前に評価することができるので、試作車搭載時の問題発生を回避することができ、多くの材料、構造の評価が可能となる。従って本発明は、自動車の安全性向上やコストダウンに大きく貢献するものである。   According to the impact performance evaluation method for a compression bending portion of the present invention, it is possible to apply a load from the axial direction of a columnar specimen and bend and deform it until it makes self-contact. For this reason, evaluation using a partial model of frontal collision is possible, and evaluation using a prototype vehicle can be substituted. As a result, new materials and structures can be evaluated in advance, so that problems can be avoided when mounting a prototype vehicle, and many materials and structures can be evaluated. Therefore, the present invention greatly contributes to improvement of safety and cost reduction of automobiles.

オフセット衝突の様子を示す模式的な平面図である。It is a typical top view which shows the mode of an offset collision. 試験体の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a test body. 予備曲げされた試験体を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the test body pre-bent. 試験体を圧縮曲げ試験機へ取付けた状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which attached the test body to the compression bending tester. 自己接触に至るまで大きく曲げ変形した試験体を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the test body greatly bent and deformed until it reached self-contact. 圧縮荷重の初期入力状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the initial stage input state of a compressive load. 従来の３点曲げ試験方法を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the conventional 3 point | piece bending test method.

以下に本発明の好ましい実施形態を示す。
まず図１に、自動車の前面衝突のうちオフセット衝突の様子を模式的に示す。図示のように、衝撃を受けた側のフロントサイドメンバーが座屈変形して潰れるが、その変形モードは屈曲した部位どうしが接触する自己接触である。このため、フロントサイドメンバーの部分モデルを作成して従来一般に行われている３点曲げ試験を行っても、この変形モードの再現は困難である。しかし本発明では、以下に示す手法によって部分モデルを用いた圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評評価を可能とした。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown below.
First, FIG. 1 schematically shows an offset collision state among frontal collisions of an automobile. As shown in the drawing, the front side member on the impacted side is buckled and crushed, but the deformation mode is self-contact where the bent portions are in contact with each other. For this reason, it is difficult to reproduce this deformation mode even if a partial model of the front side member is created and a conventional three-point bending test is performed. However, in the present invention, it is possible to evaluate the impact performance of a compression bending portion using a partial model by the following method.

図２に示すように、この実施形態では断面が四角形の中空柱状体を試験体１とした。しかしその断面形状はこれに限定されるものではなく、いわゆるハット状の断面を持つ形状であってもよい。この試験体１の稜線３は面取りされている。試験体１の材質は実車に採用されるものと同一とし、例えば高強度鋼板である。   As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, a hollow columnar body having a square cross section was used as the test body 1. However, the cross-sectional shape is not limited to this, and may be a shape having a so-called hat-shaped cross section. The ridgeline 3 of the test body 1 is chamfered. The material of the test body 1 is the same as that employed in the actual vehicle, for example, a high-strength steel plate.

図３に示すように、試験体１は予備曲げして座屈発生部位２を特定しておく。座屈発生部位２は予備曲げの曲げ中心となる稜線３の部分である。このように、圧縮により座屈曲げを発生させるに先立ち、座屈を誘発する形状を試験体１に与えておけば、その座屈発生部位２を中心として試験体１は折れ曲がることとなる。具体的には片側の稜線３の部分を油圧プレスにより軽く押し曲げておけばよい。しかし上記のように、図２の形状に成形された試験体１をその後に予備曲げする方法に限定されるものではなく、予備曲げを試験体の成形工程において行なうことも可能である。この場合には図３のような形状の試験体１を用いることとなる。   As shown in FIG. 3, the specimen 1 is pre-bent to specify the buckling occurrence site 2. The buckling occurrence portion 2 is a portion of the ridgeline 3 that becomes the bending center of the preliminary bending. As described above, if a shape that induces buckling is given to the test body 1 prior to occurrence of buckling by compression, the test body 1 is bent around the buckling occurrence site 2. Specifically, the ridge line 3 on one side may be lightly pressed and bent by a hydraulic press. However, as described above, the method is not limited to the method in which the test body 1 formed into the shape of FIG. 2 is preliminarily bent, and the prebending can be performed in the process of forming the test body. In this case, the test body 1 having a shape as shown in FIG. 3 is used.

このように予備曲げした試験体１を図４に示すように圧縮曲げ試験機の固定部８に取付け、可動部９を移動させて圧縮曲げ試験を行なうが、従来のように端面全体を固定すると試験体１の基部が拘束されるため試験体１が曲がりにくくなり、目的とする変形モードを得ることができない。このため本発明では試験体１の基部を、回転可能に圧縮曲げ試験機の固定部８に取付ける。すなわち、座屈発生部位２の反対側の基部端面４を中心とし、図４の紙面に平行な平面内で試験体１が折れ曲がるように、圧縮曲げ試験機の固定部８に取付ける。   As shown in FIG. 4, the pre-bent test body 1 is attached to the fixed portion 8 of the compression bending tester and the movable portion 9 is moved to perform the compression bending test. Since the base of the test body 1 is constrained, the test body 1 is difficult to bend and the intended deformation mode cannot be obtained. For this reason, in this invention, the base of the test body 1 is attached to the fixing | fixed part 8 of a compression bending tester so that rotation is possible. That is, it attaches to the fixing | fixed part 8 of a compression bending tester so that the test body 1 bends in the plane parallel to the paper surface of FIG. 4 centering on the base end surface 4 on the opposite side of the buckling occurrence site 2.

具体的には、この実施形態では試験体１の基部端面４に薄い金属板５を取付け、この金属板５の片側を基部端面４よりも外側で圧縮曲げ試験機の固定部８に固定した。金属板５は荷重により図５のように塑性変形し、試験体１を回転させることができる。これの金属板５は塑性ヒンジを構成するものであるが、基部端面４を軸受を介して圧縮曲げ試験機に固定することもできる。   Specifically, in this embodiment, a thin metal plate 5 is attached to the base end surface 4 of the test body 1, and one side of the metal plate 5 is fixed to the fixing portion 8 of the compression bending tester outside the base end surface 4. The metal plate 5 is plastically deformed as shown in FIG. 5 by the load, and the test body 1 can be rotated. The metal plate 5 constitutes a plastic hinge, but the base end face 4 can be fixed to a compression bending tester via a bearing.

上記のように予備曲げを施した試験体１であっても、座屈発生部位２の反対側に軸圧縮力を加えると図５のように曲がらず、軸圧潰してしまう。このため初期入力は座屈発生部位２の側に付与する必要がある。しかも試験体１の両端部が潰れてしまうと、曲げではなく試験体１の断面圧縮になってしまい、目的とする変形モードを得ることができなくなる。従って試験体１の両端部は断面形状が変化しないようにする必要がある。   Even in the test body 1 subjected to the pre-bending as described above, when an axial compression force is applied to the opposite side of the buckling occurrence site 2, the test body 1 is not bent as shown in FIG. For this reason, it is necessary to apply the initial input to the buckling occurrence site 2 side. Moreover, if both ends of the test body 1 are crushed, the cross section of the test body 1 is compressed instead of bending, and the desired deformation mode cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the cross-sectional shape from changing at both ends of the test body 1.

このため、この実施形態では試験体１の両端部に補強治具６を取付け、この補強治具６の座屈発生部位２の側に突起７を設けることにより、図６に示すように軸線方向の初期入力が必ず座屈発生部位２の側で行われるようにした。このような補強治具６を用いれば、試験体１の両端部の断面形状を変化させることなく、確実に図５に示す形状に曲げ変形を生じさせることができる。なお、この実施形態では補強治具６と試験体１とは分離されているが、補強治具６を試験体１の端面に溶接しておくことも可能である。   For this reason, in this embodiment, the reinforcing jig 6 is attached to both ends of the test body 1, and the protrusion 7 is provided on the side of the buckling occurrence portion 2 of the reinforcing jig 6, so that the axial direction as shown in FIG. The initial input is always performed on the buckling occurrence site 2 side. If such a reinforcing jig 6 is used, it is possible to reliably cause bending deformation to the shape shown in FIG. 5 without changing the cross-sectional shape of both end portions of the test body 1. In this embodiment, the reinforcing jig 6 and the test body 1 are separated, but the reinforcing jig 6 can be welded to the end face of the test body 1.

以上に説明したように、本発明によれば、試験体１を軸線方向に圧縮することにより、試験体１の予定された座屈発生部位２に確実に座屈変形を生じさせることができ、試験体１を自己接触するまで曲げ変形させることが可能となる。このため前面衝突の部分モデルによる評価が可能となり、自動車の安全性向上やコストダウンに大きく貢献することができる利点がある。   As described above, according to the present invention, by compressing the test body 1 in the axial direction, it is possible to reliably cause buckling deformation in the planned buckling occurrence site 2 of the test body 1, It becomes possible to bend and deform the test body 1 until it self-contacts. For this reason, evaluation by a partial model of a frontal collision becomes possible, and there is an advantage that it can greatly contribute to improvement of safety and cost reduction of the automobile.

１ 試験体
２ 座屈発生部位
３ 稜線
４ 座屈発生部位の反対側の基部端面
５ 金属板
６ 補強治具
７ 突起
８ 固定部
９ 可動部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Test body 2 Buckling generation | occurrence | production part 3 Ridge line 4 Base part end surface on the opposite side of buckling generation | occurrence | production part 5 Metal plate 6 Reinforcement jig 7 Protrusion 8 Fixed part 9 Movable part

Claims (5)

柱状の試験体にその軸線方向から荷重を与えて圧縮曲げ試験を行ない、その圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能を評価する方法であって、
試験体を予備曲げして座屈発生部位を特定したうえ、
この試験体の基部を圧縮曲げ試験機に回転可能に取付け、
この試験体の座屈発生部位側に軸線方向の圧縮荷重を加え、座屈変形させることを特徴とする圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法。 A method for evaluating the impact performance of the compression bending portion by applying a compression bending test by applying a load to the columnar specimen from the axial direction,
After prebending the specimen and identifying the buckling occurrence site,
The base of this specimen is rotatably mounted on a compression bending tester,
A method for evaluating the impact performance of a compression bending portion, characterized in that an axial compressive load is applied to the buckling occurrence site side of the test body to cause buckling deformation. 前記予備曲げを、試験体の成形工程において行なうことを特徴とする請求項１記載の圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法。   2. The method for evaluating a collision performance of a compression bending portion according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary bending is performed in a molding step of a test body. 圧縮曲げ試験機への試験体の取付けを、塑性変形可能なヒンジを介して行うことを特徴とする請求項１記載の圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法。   2. The method for evaluating the impact performance of a compression bending portion according to claim 1, wherein the test body is attached to the compression bending tester via a plastically deformable hinge. 圧縮曲げ試験機への試験体の取付けを、軸受を介して行うことを特徴とする請求項１記載の圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法。   2. The method for evaluating a collision performance of a compression bending portion according to claim 1, wherein the test body is attached to the compression bending tester through a bearing. 前記試験体の端面に、座屈発生部位側に突起を持つ治具を当接し、この治具を介して試験体の座屈発生部位側に軸線方向の圧縮荷重を加えることを特徴とする請求項１記載の圧縮曲げ部の衝突性能評価方法。   A jig having a protrusion on the buckling occurrence site side is brought into contact with the end face of the test specimen, and an axial compressive load is applied to the buckling occurrence site side of the test specimen through the jig. Item 2. A method for evaluating a collision performance of a compression bending portion according to Item 1.
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CN113640098A (en) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-12 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 Semi-rigid node test device capable of adjusting rigidity

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CN113640098B (en) * 2021-08-02 2023-10-03 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 Semi-rigid node test device with adjustable rigidity

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