JP2014066600A - Smog transmittance measurement apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a smog transmittance measurement apparatus used for transmittance measurement within a road tunnel capable of solving a problem of conventional apparatuses that, a long optical fiber cable of approx. 100 m has to be laid between a light projection section and a light receiving section for performing calibration causing a high work cost.SOLUTION: A calibration light receiving element 14 is provided within a light projection section 1 to detect the light which is emitted from a light source 3 and passes through a light projection lens 4 with a calibration light receiving element 14 via an optical fiber cable 10a to thereby calibrate the light projection section 1. Further, a calibration light source 15 is provided within a light receiving section 2 to detect the light which is emitted from a calibration light source 15 and passes through a light receiving lens 6 via an optical fiber cable 10b with a calibrate element 5 to thereby calibrate the light receiving section 2. Thus, the smog transmittance measurement apparatus can be calibrated with inexpensive means.

Description

  The present invention relates to a haze transmittance measuring device used for measuring luminous transmittance in a road tunnel.

  In a road tunnel, the visibility is hindered by substances such as dust contained in the exhaust gas of a traveling vehicle, affecting the safe passage of road tunnel users. In view of this, a method has been implemented in which the appearance of human eyes in a road tunnel is digitized as luminous transmittance, and ventilation equipment is controlled based on the measured data.

  A haze transmittance measuring device used for measuring luminous transmittance in a road tunnel is defined as a device for measuring luminous transmittance under road tunnel illumination. As shown in FIG. In general, a case of 102 is configured (separated light emitting unit / light receiving unit type). In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, there is a case where the light projecting / receiving unit 107 and the reflecting unit 108 are configured (projecting / receiving unit integrated type). The luminous transmittance is obtained by the light emitted from the light source 103 being transmitted through the medium in the road tunnel, converted into an electric signal by the light receiving element 105, and processed by a processing unit (not shown). As a light source of the haze transmittance measuring device, a He—Ne laser has been proposed in the past. This is because the wavelength of 633 nm of the He—Ne laser approximates the peak wavelength of 600 nm of the spectral characteristics of the high-pressure sodium lamp in the road tunnel illumination. In other words, the light attenuation of the road tunnel illumination can be reproduced by using a spectral characteristic close to the illumination light source of the road tunnel as the light source of the light projecting unit. In some cases, an incandescent lamp, a light emitting diode, or a semiconductor laser is used as the light source.

  The luminous transmittance used for controlling the ventilation equipment of the road tunnel is the transmittance of a medium of 100 m. For these reasons, a more accurate luminous transmittance can be obtained by installing the light projecting part and the light receiving part at a distance of 100 m using the haze transmittance measuring device (projecting part / light receiving part separation type) having the configuration shown in FIG. Can be measured. The haze transmittance measuring apparatus having the configuration of FIG. 6 is an integral type of light projecting / receiving unit, and the transmittance of a 100 m medium is evaluated by separating the light projecting / receiving unit and the reflecting unit by 50 m. When these haze transmittance measuring devices are actually used in a road tunnel, the light source 103, the light projecting part lens 104, the light receiving element 105, the light receiving part lens 106, and the mirror or prism 109 constituting the optical system gradually become dust. Each time it becomes dirty or deteriorates after long-term use, calibration is required each time. Therefore, calibration using the optical fiber cable 110 is often performed (Patent Document 1). For example, in the case of the smoke transmittance measuring apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the optical fiber cable 110 is wired between the light projecting unit 101 and the light receiving unit 102, and from the light source 103 and the light projecting unit lens 104 via the optical fiber cable 110 during calibration. Light is directly applied to the light receiving unit lens 106 and the light receiving element 105. At that time, the shielding plate 111 is set to be closed as indicated by a broken line in the drawing, and the optical switch 112 is turned on. By doing so, the light receiving element 105 can receive light that does not pass through the medium containing dust floating in the road tunnel. Therefore, it is possible to detect only the change (decrease) in the electrical signal due to the dirt and deterioration of the light source 103, the light projecting unit lens 104, the light receiving element 105, and the light receiving unit lens 106, and to convert the change in the electrical signal. This makes it possible to calibrate the haze transmittance measuring device. 6, the optical fiber cable 110 and the optical switch 112 are provided between the light source 103, the light projecting unit lens 104 and the light receiving element 105, and the light receiving unit lens 106 in the light projecting / receiving unit. Wiring. At the time of measuring the luminous transmittance in the road tunnel, the light from the light source 103 and the light projecting unit lens 104 is reflected by the mirror or the prism 109 of the reflecting unit 108 by setting the optical switch 112 to be off. Light can be received by the light receiving element 105 through the lens 106. In this way, the luminous transmittance in the road tunnel can be measured. Further, by turning on the optical switch 112 at the time of calibration, light that does not pass through a medium containing dust floating in the road tunnel is received as in the case of the smoke transmittance measuring device having the configuration of FIG. Can be received at 105. Therefore, it is possible to detect only the change (decrease) in the electrical signal due to the dirt and deterioration of the light source 103, the light projecting unit lens 104, the light receiving element 105, and the light receiving unit lens 106, and to convert the change in the electrical signal. This makes it possible to calibrate the haze transmittance measuring device.

Japanese Patent No. 1840834

  However, in the case of the haze transmittance measuring apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 5, it is necessary to route the optical fiber cable over a long distance of 100 m. Therefore, the construction cost is high, and there is a problem that there is a risk of damage to the optical fiber cable during or after installation. Further, in the case of the haze transmittance measuring device having the configuration shown in FIG. 6, there is a problem that the mirror and prism constituting the reflecting portion cannot be calibrated for contamination and deterioration.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a haze transmittance measuring device that can be calibrated by inexpensive means.

  In order to achieve the above object, the haze transmittance measuring device of the present invention is a light receiving element for calibration in the vicinity of the light source of the light projecting unit and the lens of the light projecting unit in the case of the haze transmittance measuring device separated from the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit. In addition, a calibration light source is provided in the vicinity of the light receiving element and the light receiving lens of the light receiving unit, and at the time of calibration, the brightness of the light source is detected by the calibration light receiving element, and the brightness of the calibration light source is detected by the light receiving element. And

  In order to achieve the above object, the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of the present invention is a light receiving element that transmits light from a light source through a fiber optic cable inside the light projecting and receiving part in the case of the haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with the light projecting and receiving part. At the same time, a calibration light source and a calibration light receiving element are provided in the vicinity of the mirror or prism of the reflecting portion, and at the time of calibration, the light from the calibration light source is detected by the calibration light receiving element.

  According to the present invention, in the case of the haze transmittance measuring device of the light projecting part / light receiving part separation type, the dirt and deterioration of the light source of the light projecting part and the light projecting part lens are calibrated with the light receiving element for calibration, and the light receiving part of the light receiving part is calibrated. By calibrating the contamination and deterioration of the element and the light receiving unit lens with a calibration light source, it is not necessary to wire the optical fiber cable for as long as 100 m, so that the construction cost can be suppressed and the risk of damage to the optical fiber cable can be avoided.

  Further, according to the present invention, in the case of the haze transmittance integrated with the light projecting / receiving unit, the light source and the light receiving device are contaminated by irradiating the light receiving device with light from the light source via the optical fiber cable inside the light projecting / receiving unit. At the same time as calibrating the deterioration, it is possible to calibrate the contamination or deterioration of the mirror or the prism by an inexpensive means by using the calibration light source and the calibration light receiving element.

Schematic diagram of a haze transmittance measuring apparatus of a light projecting part / light receiving part separation type according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention Structure diagram of a haze transmittance measuring apparatus of a light projecting part / light receiving part separation type according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention Schematic diagram of a haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with a light projecting and receiving unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention Structure diagram of a haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with a light projecting and receiving unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention Schematic diagram of conventional haze transmittance measuring device with separate light projecting part and light receiving part Schematic diagram of a conventional haze transmittance measuring device integrated with a light emitting / receiving unit

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a haze transmittance measuring apparatus having a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit separated type having a light projecting unit having a light source and a lens, and a light receiving unit having a light receiving element and a lens. In the rate measuring device, a calibration light receiving element is provided in the light projecting unit and in the vicinity of the light source and the lens, and when calibrating the light projecting unit of the smoke transmittance measuring device, the light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the lens is Calibration is performed by detecting with a light receiving element for calibration via an optical fiber cable. As a result, without using a fiber optic cable having a long distance of 100 m used for calibration of a conventional light transmission / light receiving unit separation type haze transmittance measuring device, the haze transmittance measuring device can be projected by an inexpensive means. The optical part can be calibrated.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a haze transmittance measuring apparatus of a light projecting unit / light receiving unit separation type having a light projecting unit having a light source and a lens, and a light receiving unit having a light receiving element and a lens. In the smoke transmittance measuring device, a calibration light source is provided in the light receiving portion and in the vicinity of the light receiving element and the lens. When calibrating the light receiving portion of the smoke transmittance measuring device, the light emitted from the calibration light source is converted into an optical fiber. Calibration is performed by transmitting the lens through a cable and detecting the light with a light receiving element. As a result, the light receiving part of the haze transmittance measuring device can be obtained by an inexpensive means without using a 100 m long optical fiber cable used in the calibration of the conventional light emitting unit / light receiving unit separation type haze transmittance measuring device. Can be calibrated.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a haze transmittance measuring apparatus of a light projecting part / light receiving part separation type having a light projecting part having a light source and a lens, and a light receiving part having a light receiving element and a lens. In the smoke transmittance measuring device, a calibration light receiving element is provided in the light projecting unit and in the vicinity of the light source and the lens, and the light irradiated from the light source and transmitted through the lens is detected by the calibration light receiving element through the optical fiber cable. Calibrates the light projecting unit, and further provides a light source for calibration inside the light receiving unit and in the vicinity of the light receiving element and the lens. Light emitted from the light source for calibration passes through the lens through the optical fiber cable and is detected by the light receiving element. Thus, the light receiving unit is calibrated. As a result, without using a fiber optic cable having a long distance of 100 m used for calibration of a conventional light transmission / light receiving unit separation type haze transmittance measuring device, the haze transmittance measuring device can be projected by an inexpensive means. Calibration of the light part and the light receiving part can be performed.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a haze transmittance measuring apparatus according to the present invention, wherein a light source, a light projecting unit lens, a light projecting / receiving unit including a light receiving element and a light receiving unit lens, and light emitted from the light source of the light projecting / receiving unit. In a haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with a light projecting / receiving unit composed of a mirror or a prism that reflects to the light receiving element of the light projecting / receiving unit, a calibration light source and a light receiving for calibration are provided inside the reflecting unit and in the vicinity of the mirror or prism. An element is provided, and the light irradiated from the calibration light source is reflected by a mirror or a prism via an optical fiber cable, and the reflected light is detected by the calibration light receiving element via the optical fiber cable to calibrate the reflecting portion. It is characterized by that. This makes it possible to calibrate the reflecting portion, which has not been possible with the conventional haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with the light emitting / receiving portion, with an inexpensive means.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for measuring the haze transmittance of a light source, a light projecting unit lens, a light projecting / receiving unit having a light receiving element and a light receiving unit lens, and light emitted from the light source of the light projecting / receiving unit. In a haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with a light projecting / receiving unit composed of a mirror or a prism that reflects to the light receiving element of the light projecting / receiving unit, an optical fiber cable in the light projecting / receiving unit, in the light projecting unit lens, and in the vicinity of the light receiving unit lens The light projecting / receiving unit is calibrated by detecting the light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the projecting unit lens with the light receiving element via the optical fiber cable and the light receiving unit lens, and further inside the reflecting unit and the mirror or prism. A light source for calibration and a light receiving element for calibration are provided in the vicinity of the light source, and the light emitted from the light source for calibration is reflected by a mirror or prism via an optical fiber cable to produce an optical fiber. Characterized by calibrating the reflective portion by detecting the calibration light receiving element the reflected light through the bar cable. This makes it possible to calibrate the reflecting portion, which has not been possible with the conventional haze transmittance measuring apparatus integrated with the light emitting / receiving portion, with an inexpensive means.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram when the light projecting unit 1 and the light receiving unit 2 are separated from each other in the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 includes a light projecting unit 1, a light receiving unit 2, and a processing unit (not shown) that calculates an electrical signal output from the light receiving unit 2 to calculate the transmittance. Is done. The light projecting unit 1 includes a light source 3 and a light projecting unit lens 4 and emits light toward the light receiving unit 2. The light receiving unit 2 includes a light receiving element 5 and a light receiving unit lens 6 that receive the light emitted from the light projecting unit 1. The processing unit has a function for obtaining the transmittance, stores a reference electrical signal at the time of calibration, and uses it as a parameter for calculating the transmittance.

  In addition to the above-described configuration, a calibration light-receiving element 14, an optical fiber cable 10a, and a collimator 13 are wired inside the light projecting unit 1. The collimator 13 is an optical element for producing parallel rays. Since the light emitted from the tip of the optical fiber cable (10a, etc.) is not parallel light, it is necessary to attach the collimator 13 to the tip of every optical fiber cable (10a, etc.) used in the haze transmittance measuring device of the present invention. . At the time of calibration, the light receiving end of the optical fiber cable 10 a is provided to face the light projecting lens 4. That is, the light emitted from the light source 3 passes through the light projecting lens 4 and enters the optical fiber cable 10a. Then, the light of the light source 3 that has passed through the light projecting lens 4 can be detected by the calibration light receiving element 14 via the optical fiber cable 10 a and the collimator 13. The electrical signal detected by the calibration light-receiving element 14 at this time is decreased only due to the contamination and deterioration of the light source 3 and the light projecting unit lens 4 as compared with the time when the operation of the smoke transmittance measuring apparatus was started. Therefore, the difference is used as the calibration value of the light projecting unit.

  By doing so, it becomes possible to calibrate dirt and deterioration of the light source 3 and the light projecting unit lens 4 constituting the optical system of the light projecting unit 1. In order to prevent the calibration light-receiving element 14 from becoming dirty when measuring the luminous transmittance in the road tunnel with the haze transmittance measuring device, the shielding plate 16 is closed as indicated by the broken line in the figure. Also good.

  On the other hand, a calibration light source 15, an optical fiber cable 10 b, and a collimator 13 are wired inside the light receiving unit 2. The calibration light source 15 emits light toward the light receiving end of the optical fiber cable 10b. The other end (irradiation end) of the optical fiber cable 10 b is provided in front of the light receiving unit lens 6, and the light receiving element 5 detects the irradiated light through the light receiving unit lens 6. At the time of calibration, the shielding plate 11 is closed as shown by a broken line in the figure. The electrical signal detected by the light receiving element 5 at this time is decreased only due to the contamination and deterioration of the light receiving element 5 and the light receiving unit lens 6 as compared with the time when the operation of the smoke transmittance measuring apparatus is started. Therefore, the difference is used as the calibration value of the light receiving unit.

  By doing so, it becomes possible to calibrate dirt and deterioration of the light receiving element 5 and the light receiving unit lens 6 constituting the optical system of the light receiving unit 2. In order to prevent the calibration light source 15 from becoming dirty when measuring the luminous transmittance in the road tunnel with the haze transmittance measuring device, the shielding plate 17 is closed as shown by the broken line in the figure. Also good.

  The calibration method may be applied to only one of the light projecting unit 1 and the light receiving unit 2. That is, the light receiving element 14 for calibration may be provided in the light projecting unit 1, and the light source 15 for calibration may not be provided in the light receiving unit 2. Alternatively, the light receiving unit 14 may not be provided with the calibration light receiving element 14, and the light receiving unit 2 may be provided with the calibration light source 15. In this case, an optical lens or the like that is not provided with a calibration light source / light-receiving element can be calibrated by removing dirt on the surface during calibration.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram when the light projecting / receiving unit 7 is integrated in the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of FIG. 3 and 4 includes a light projecting / receiving unit 7, a processing unit (not shown) that calculates the transmittance by calculating and processing the electrical signals output from the reflecting unit 8 and the light receiving element 5. The The light projecting / receiving unit 7 includes a light source 3, a light projecting unit lens 4, a light receiving element 5, and a light receiving unit lens 6. The reflection unit 8 includes a mirror or a prism 9. The processing unit has a function for obtaining the transmittance, stores a reference electrical signal at the time of calibration, and uses it as a parameter for calculating the transmittance.

  In addition to the above-described configuration, an optical fiber cable 10c, an optical switch 12, and a collimator 13 are wired inside the light projecting / receiving unit 7. In the optical fiber cable 10 c, the light receiving end is disposed in front of the light projecting unit lens 4, and the other end is disposed facing the front of the light receiving unit lens 6.

  At the time of calibration, light emitted from the light source 3 passes through the light projecting lens 4 and enters the optical fiber cable 10c. Then, light emitted from the other end passes through the light receiving unit lens 6 and reaches the light receiving element 5. Further, by turning on the optical switch 12 and closing the shielding plate 11 as shown by a broken line in the figure, the light of the light source 3 that has passed through the light projecting unit lens 4 is converted into the optical fiber cable 10c, the optical switch 12, and the collimator. 13. To be detected by the light receiving element 5 through the light receiving unit lens 6. By doing so, it becomes possible to calibrate dirt and deterioration of the light source 3, the light projecting unit lens 4, the light receiving element 5, and the light receiving unit lens 6 constituting the optical system of the light projecting / receiving unit 7.

  On the other hand, the calibration light source 15, the optical fiber cable 10 d, the collimator 13, the calibration light receiving element 14, the optical fiber cable 10 e, and the collimator 13 are wired inside the reflection unit 8. At the time of calibration, the light from the calibration light source 15 is reflected by the mirror or prism 9 via the optical fiber cable 10d and the collimator 13, and can be detected by the calibration light receiving element 14 via the collimator 13 and the optical fiber cable 10e. At this time, it is necessary to close the shielding plate 11 as shown by a broken line in the figure. By doing so, it becomes possible to calibrate dirt and deterioration of the mirror or prism 9 constituting the optical system of the reflecting section 8. In order to prevent the calibration light source 15 and the calibration light receiving element 14 from becoming dirty when measuring the luminous transmittance in the road tunnel with the haze transmittance measuring device, the shielding plate 18 is shown by a broken line in the figure. It is also good to keep it closed.

  The present invention can be applied to a haze transmittance measuring device used for measuring a luminous transmittance of a road tunnel.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Light projecting part 2 Light receiving part 3 Light source 4 Light projecting part lens 5 Light receiving element 6 Light receiving part lens 7 Light projecting / receiving part 8 Reflecting part 9 Mirror or prism 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e Optical fiber cable 11 Shielding plate 12 Optical switch 13 Collimator 14 Light-receiving element for calibration 15 Light source for calibration 16, 17, 18 Shield plate

Claims (5)

In the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of the light projecting part / light receiving part separated type having a light projecting part equipped with a light source and a lens, and a light receiving part equipped with a light receiving element and a lens
A light receiving element for calibration and an optical fiber cable are installed inside the light projecting section.
When calibrating the light projecting unit of the smoke transmittance measuring device, the light radiated from the light source and transmitted through the lens is calibrated by detecting the light with the calibration light receiving element via the optical fiber cable. Smoke transmittance measuring device. In the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of the light projecting part / light receiving part separated type having a light projecting part equipped with a light source and a lens, and a light receiving part equipped with a light receiving element and a lens
A light source for calibration and an optical fiber cable are installed inside the light receiver.
When calibrating the light receiving unit of the smoke transmittance measuring device, the light emitted from the calibration light source is calibrated by passing through the lens through the optical fiber cable and detecting by the light receiving element. Fume transmittance measuring device characterized. In the haze transmittance measuring apparatus of the light projecting part / light receiving part separation type having the light projecting part provided with the light source and the light projecting part lens, and the light receiving part provided with the light receiving element and the light receiving part lens,
A light receiving element for calibration and a fiber optic cable for the light projecting unit are installed inside the light projecting unit,
Calibrating the light projecting unit by detecting light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the light projecting unit lens with the light receiving element for calibration via the optical fiber cable for the light projecting unit,
Furthermore, a light source for calibration and a fiber optic cable for the light receiving part are provided inside the light receiving part,
Haze transmittance measurement characterized in that light irradiated from the calibration light source is transmitted through the light receiving unit lens through the light receiving unit optical fiber cable and detected by the light receiving element to calibrate the light receiving unit. apparatus. A light projecting / receiving unit including a light source, a light projecting unit lens, a light receiving element and a light receiving unit lens, and a reflecting unit for reflecting the light emitted from the light source of the light projecting / receiving unit to the light receiving device of the light projecting / receiving unit by a mirror or a prism. In the configured haze transmittance measuring device integrated with the light emitting and receiving unit,
A light source for calibration, a light receiving element for calibration, and an optical fiber cable are installed inside the reflector.
The light irradiated from the calibration light source is reflected by the mirror or prism via the optical fiber cable, and the reflected light is detected by the calibration light receiving element via the optical fiber cable, thereby calibrating the reflecting portion. An apparatus for measuring the haze transmission rate. A light projecting / receiving unit including a light source, a light projecting unit lens, a light receiving element and a light receiving unit lens, and a reflecting unit for reflecting the light emitted from the light source of the light projecting / receiving unit to the light receiving device of the light projecting / receiving unit by a mirror or a prism. In the configured haze transmittance measuring device integrated with the light emitting and receiving unit,
An optical fiber cable for the light emitting / receiving part is provided inside the light emitting / receiving part,
Calibration of the light projecting / receiving unit by detecting light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the light projecting unit lens with the light receiving element via the light projecting / receiving unit optical fiber cable and the light receiving unit lens,
Furthermore, a light source for calibration, a light receiving element for calibration, and an optical fiber cable for the reflective part are provided inside the reflective part,
The light emitted from the calibration light source is reflected by a mirror or a prism through the reflector optical fiber cable, and the reflected light is detected by the calibration light receiving element through the reflector optical fiber cable. An apparatus for measuring the haze transmittance, which calibrates the reflecting portion.

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