JP2014063685A - Battery and electricity storage device - Google Patents

Battery and electricity storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2014063685A
JP2014063685A JP2012209195A JP2012209195A JP2014063685A JP 2014063685 A JP2014063685 A JP 2014063685A JP 2012209195 A JP2012209195 A JP 2012209195A JP 2012209195 A JP2012209195 A JP 2012209195A JP 2014063685 A JP2014063685 A JP 2014063685A
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battery
insulating film
battery case
corner
flat
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JP5991527B2 (en
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Shun Ito
瞬 伊藤
Shinko Uchida
眞弘 内田
Masamitsu Tononishi
雅光 殿西
Katsuya Shichimoto
克哉 七元
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GS Yuasa Corp
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GS Yuasa Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of wrinkles or the like due to separation of an insulation film from a battery case at the boundary between a plane part and a corner part of the battery case or at the vicinity of the boundary.SOLUTION: An outside surface of a battery case includes a plane part 21 and a corner part 22, and an end part of an isolation film 3 provided on the outside surface of the battery case is directed in a direction parallel with the plane part 21.

Description

本発明は、電池ケースの外側面に絶縁フィルムが設けられる電池及び当該電池を用いた蓄電装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a battery in which an insulating film is provided on an outer surface of a battery case, and a power storage device using the battery.

従来、例えば自動車に搭載されている蓄電装置は、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池といった複数の電池を外装ケースに収容して構成されている。   Conventionally, for example, a power storage device mounted on an automobile is configured by housing a plurality of batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries in an outer case.

そして、前記電池の電池ケースの外側面には、絶縁対策のために絶縁フィルムが設けられている。具体的には、特許文献1に示すように、電池ケースの外側面における平面部及び当該平面部の端部に形成されたラウンド部等のコーナー部を、例えば熱収縮フィルムにより被覆したものが考えられている。   And the insulating film is provided in the outer surface of the battery case of the said battery as an insulation measure. Specifically, as shown in Patent Document 1, a flat part on the outer surface of the battery case and a corner part such as a round part formed at the end of the flat part are covered with, for example, a heat shrink film. It has been.

しかしながら、絶縁フィルムにより電池ケースの平面部及びコーナー部を被覆した場合には、電池ケースの平面部とコーナー部との境界又はその付近において、絶縁フィルムと電池ケースの外側面との間に隙間が生じてしまう。そうすると、絶縁フィルムに皺等が生じてしまうだけでなく、複数の電池の近接配置が阻害されてしまう。   However, when the flat portion and the corner portion of the battery case are covered with the insulating film, there is a gap between the insulating film and the outer surface of the battery case at or near the boundary between the flat portion and the corner portion of the battery case. It will occur. If it does so, not only wrinkles etc. will arise in an insulating film but the proximity | contact arrangement | positioning of a some battery will be inhibited.

特開2012−28321号公報JP 2012-28321 A

そこで本発明は、電池ケースの平面部とコーナー部との境界又はその付近において、絶縁フィルムと電池ケースとの間に隙間が生じないようすることをその主たる所期課題とするものである。   Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to prevent a gap from being formed between the insulating film and the battery case at or near the boundary between the flat portion and the corner portion of the battery case.

すなわち本発明に係る電池は、電池ケースの外側面が、平面部及び当該平面部の端部に形成されて前記平面部から湾曲又は傾斜したコーナー部を有しており、前記電池ケースの外側面に設けられた絶縁フィルムの端部が、前記平面部と平行な方向を向いていることを特徴とする。   That is, in the battery according to the present invention, the outer surface of the battery case has a flat portion and a corner portion that is formed at an end portion of the flat portion and is curved or inclined from the flat portion. The end part of the insulating film provided on the surface is directed in a direction parallel to the flat part.

前記絶縁フィルムが、前記平面部及び前記コーナー部の境界よりもコーナー部側に延出している延出部を有し、前記延出部は、前記コーナー部との間に間隙を形成していることが望ましい。   The insulating film has an extending part that extends to the corner part side with respect to the boundary between the flat part and the corner part, and the extending part forms a gap between the corner part. It is desirable.

前記絶縁フィルムが、前記電池ケースの平面部に接着されていることが望ましい。   It is desirable that the insulating film is bonded to the flat portion of the battery case.

また、本発明のかかる蓄電装置は、上述した電池と、前記電池と熱結合される熱交換部と、前記電池及び前記熱交換部の間に設けられた柔軟性を有する熱伝達部材とを有することを特徴とする。   In addition, the power storage device according to the present invention includes the above-described battery, a heat exchange part thermally coupled to the battery, and a flexible heat transfer member provided between the battery and the heat exchange part. It is characterized by that.

このように構成した本発明によれば、絶縁フィルムの端部を平面部と平行な方向を向くように構成して、絶縁フィルムをコーナー部に沿って湾曲させないので、絶縁フィルムと電池ケースの外側面との間に隙間を生じないようにすることができる。これにより、絶縁フィルムに生じる皺等を防止することができ、複数の電池を近接配置し易くできる。   According to the present invention configured as described above, the end portion of the insulating film is configured to face in a direction parallel to the flat portion, and the insulating film is not curved along the corner portion. It is possible to prevent a gap from being formed between the side surfaces. Thereby, wrinkles or the like generated in the insulating film can be prevented, and a plurality of batteries can be easily arranged close to each other.

本実施形態の電池を示す平面図及び2つの側面図。The top view which shows the battery of this embodiment, and two side views. 同実施形態の絶縁フィルムを取り外した状態の電池を示す平面図及び2つの側面図。The top view and two side views which show the battery of the state which removed the insulating film of the embodiment. 同実施形態の電池ケース及び絶縁フィルムの配置態様を示す部分拡大断面図。The partial expanded sectional view which shows the arrangement | positioning aspect of the battery case and insulating film of the embodiment. 変形実施形態の電池を用いた蓄電装置の構成を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows the structure of the electrical storage apparatus using the battery of deformation | transformation embodiment. 変形実施形態の蓄電装置における電池及び熱伝達部材の配置態様を示す部分拡大断面図。The partial expanded sectional view which shows the arrangement | positioning aspect of the battery and heat-transfer member in the electrical storage apparatus of deformation | transformation embodiment. 変形実施形態の電池ケース及び絶縁フィルムの配置態様を示す部分拡大断面図。The partial expanded sectional view which shows the arrangement | positioning aspect of the battery case and insulating film of deformation | transformation embodiment.

以下に本発明に係る電池の一実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a battery according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

本実施形態の電池1は、例えば自動車に搭載される蓄電装置を構成するリチウムイオン二次電池である。なお、蓄電装置は、1つの電池1を用いて構成されたものであっても良いし、複数の電池を組み合わせて構成されたものであっても良い。   The battery 1 of the present embodiment is a lithium ion secondary battery that constitutes a power storage device mounted on an automobile, for example. The power storage device may be configured using one battery 1 or may be configured by combining a plurality of batteries.

具体的にこの電池1は、図1及び図2に示すように、内部に発電要素(不図示)が収容された電池ケース2と、当該電池ケース2の外側面に配置される絶縁フィルム3とを有する。なお、図2は、絶縁フィルム3を取り外した状態の電池1を示している。   Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the battery 1 includes a battery case 2 in which a power generation element (not shown) is accommodated, and an insulating film 3 disposed on the outer surface of the battery case 2. Have FIG. 2 shows the battery 1 with the insulating film 3 removed.

電池ケース2は、概略直方体形状をなすものであり、平面視において長手方向及び短手方向を有する扁平形状をなすものである。そして、この電池ケース2は、正極端子T1及び負極端子T2が設けられた端子設置面である上面2aと、この上面2aの四辺それぞれに連続して設けられた4つの側面2b〜2eと、これら4つの側面2b〜2eの下端に連続する下面2fとを有する。なお、この下面2fは、前記端子設置面2aに対向する面である。   The battery case 2 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and has a flat shape having a longitudinal direction and a short direction in plan view. And this battery case 2 has the upper surface 2a which is a terminal installation surface in which the positive electrode terminal T1 and the negative electrode terminal T2 were provided, four side surfaces 2b-2e provided continuously on each of the four sides of the upper surface 2a, and these It has a lower surface 2f continuous to the lower ends of the four side surfaces 2b to 2e. The lower surface 2f is a surface facing the terminal installation surface 2a.

そして、この電池ケース2の外側面である4つの側面2b〜2eはそれぞれ、図1に示すように、平面部21と、当該平面部21の下端部に連続して形成されて前記平面部21から湾曲して形成されたコーナー部22(以下、ラウンド部22という。)とを有する。このラウンド部22は、各側面2b〜2eと下面2fとの間にそれぞれ形成されている。   The four side surfaces 2b to 2e, which are the outer surfaces of the battery case 2, are respectively formed continuously with the flat surface portion 21 and the lower end portion of the flat surface portion 21 as shown in FIG. And a corner portion 22 (hereinafter, referred to as a round portion 22) that is curved. The round portion 22 is formed between each of the side surfaces 2b to 2e and the lower surface 2f.

絶縁フィルム3は、絶縁性及び難燃性を有する樹脂フィルムであり、電池ケース2の外側面である4つの側面2b〜2eを被覆するものである。なお、この絶縁フィルム3は、例えば4つの側面2b〜2eに巻回されるシート状をなすものである。   The insulating film 3 is a resin film having insulating properties and flame retardancy, and covers the four side surfaces 2 b to 2 e that are the outer surfaces of the battery case 2. In addition, this insulating film 3 makes the sheet shape wound, for example on the four side surfaces 2b-2e.

しかして本実施形態の電池1においては、特に図3に示すように、電池ケース2の外側面2b〜2eに設けられた絶縁フィルム3の下端部が、平面部21と平行な方向を向いている。一方、絶縁フィルム3の上端部は、電池ケース2の上面2aと面一又はその上側に位置している。つまり、絶縁フィルム3における各側面2b〜2eに設けられた部分それぞれが、断面視において、各側面2b〜2eの平面部21と平行な方向な直線形状をなしている。なお、図3において、電池ケース2内部の発電要素は省略している。   Therefore, in the battery 1 of the present embodiment, as shown particularly in FIG. 3, the lower end portion of the insulating film 3 provided on the outer side surfaces 2 b to 2 e of the battery case 2 faces in a direction parallel to the plane portion 21. Yes. On the other hand, the upper end portion of the insulating film 3 is positioned flush with or above the upper surface 2 a of the battery case 2. That is, each part provided in each side surface 2b-2e in the insulating film 3 has comprised the linear shape in the direction parallel to the plane part 21 of each side surface 2b-2e in sectional view. In FIG. 3, power generation elements inside the battery case 2 are omitted.

また、本実施形態の絶縁フィルム3の下端部は、平面部21及びラウンド部22の境界2Rよりもコーナー部22側である下側に延出している延出部31を有している。   Moreover, the lower end part of the insulating film 3 of this embodiment has the extension part 31 extended to the lower side which is the corner part 22 side rather than the boundary 2R of the plane part 21 and the round part 22.

この延出部31の先端部31aは、前記平面部21及びラウンド部22の境界2Rと前記電池ケース2の下面2fを含む平面との間に位置するように構成されている。このように下面2fから絶縁フィルム3がはみ出ない構造にすることで、電池1を置いた場合に絶縁フィルム3により電池1が傾いてしまうことを防ぐことができる。より具体的には、電池1の下面2f全体が載置面に接する状態となり、安定した姿勢で電池1を配置することができる。また、絶縁フィルム3が載置面に接することにより折れて、電池1の近接配置を阻害してしまうことを防止できる。この延出部31は、前記ラウンド部22に沿って湾曲することなく、前記平面部21に沿った状態で平面部21と平行な方向を向き、前記ラウンド部22の湾曲面との間に間隙Sを形成する構成としている。   The distal end portion 31 a of the extending portion 31 is configured to be located between the boundary 2 </ b> R between the flat surface portion 21 and the round portion 22 and a flat surface including the lower surface 2 f of the battery case 2. As described above, the structure in which the insulating film 3 does not protrude from the lower surface 2f can prevent the battery 1 from being inclined by the insulating film 3 when the battery 1 is placed. More specifically, the entire lower surface 2f of the battery 1 is in contact with the placement surface, and the battery 1 can be disposed in a stable posture. Moreover, it can prevent that the insulating film 3 breaks when it contacts a mounting surface, and obstructs the proximity | contact arrangement | positioning of the battery 1. FIG. The extending portion 31 is not curved along the round portion 22, faces in a direction parallel to the planar portion 21 in a state along the planar portion 21, and is spaced from the curved surface of the round portion 22. S is formed.

さらに、絶縁フィルム3は、前記電池ケース2の平面部21に接着剤により接着されており、延出部31は、ラウンド部22に接着されることなくラウンド部22から離間している。   Furthermore, the insulating film 3 is bonded to the flat portion 21 of the battery case 2 with an adhesive, and the extending portion 31 is separated from the round portion 22 without being bonded to the round portion 22.

このように構成した本実施形態に係る電池1によれば、絶縁フィルム3の下端部を平面部21と平行な方向を向くように構成して、絶縁フィルム3をコーナー部22に沿って湾曲させないので、絶縁フィルム3と電池ケース2の外側面2b〜2eとの間に隙間を生じないようにすることができる。これにより、絶縁フィルム3に生じる皺等を防止することができ、複数の電池1を近接配置し易くできる。   According to the battery 1 according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the lower end portion of the insulating film 3 is configured to face the direction parallel to the plane portion 21, and the insulating film 3 is not curved along the corner portion 22. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a gap from being generated between the insulating film 3 and the outer side surfaces 2b to 2e of the battery case 2. Thereby, the wrinkles etc. which arise in the insulating film 3 can be prevented, and the some battery 1 can be arrange | positioned near easily.

また、絶縁フィルム3の端部が、平面部21及びラウンド部22の境界2Rよりもラウンド部22側に延出している延出部31を有しており、この延出部31が、ラウンド部22との間に間隙Sを形成しているので、互いに隣接する電池1間の絶縁距離を長くすることができる。さらに、空冷により電池を冷却する場合には、前記隙間Sが形成されているので、コーナー部22に冷却風が当たり易くなり、冷却効率を向上させることができる。   Moreover, the end part of the insulating film 3 has an extending part 31 that extends to the round part 22 side from the boundary 2R between the flat part 21 and the round part 22, and the extending part 31 is a round part. Since the gap S is formed between the adjacent batteries 1, the insulation distance between the adjacent batteries 1 can be increased. Furthermore, when the battery is cooled by air cooling, since the gap S is formed, the cooling air can easily hit the corner portion 22 and the cooling efficiency can be improved.

その上、絶縁フィルム3が、電池ケース2の平面部21に接着されているので、絶縁フィルム3と電池ケース2とを密着させることができ、電池ケース2と絶縁フィルム3外部との間の熱伝導効率を向上させることができる。これにより、電池1の冷却又は加熱が容易となる。   In addition, since the insulating film 3 is bonded to the flat portion 21 of the battery case 2, the insulating film 3 and the battery case 2 can be brought into close contact with each other, and heat between the battery case 2 and the outside of the insulating film 3 can be obtained. The conduction efficiency can be improved. Thereby, cooling or heating of the battery 1 becomes easy.

なお、本発明は前記実施形態に限られるものではない。   The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

例えば、前記実施形態の電池1を用いた蓄電装置10が、図4及び図5に示すように、前記実施形態の1又は複数の電池1と、この電池1と熱結合される熱交換部4と、電池1及び熱交換部4の間に設けられた柔軟性を有する熱伝達部材5とを有する構成としても良い。   For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the power storage device 10 using the battery 1 of the embodiment includes one or more batteries 1 of the embodiment and a heat exchange unit 4 that is thermally coupled to the battery 1. And a heat transfer member 5 having flexibility provided between the battery 1 and the heat exchange unit 4 may be used.

熱交換部4は、前記電池1の下面2fに配置されるものであり、例えば内部に冷却用液体を流通させる冷却用液体流路が形成された冷却プレートである。また、熱伝達部材5は、柔軟性及び熱伝達性を有するゲル状のものであり、例えば熱伝達性の良好なグリス等が考えられる。この熱伝達部材5は、前記冷却プレート4の電池載置面4a全体に配置されている。そして、この熱伝達部材5上に前記1又は複数の電池1が載置される。このとき、絶縁フィルム3がラウンド部22を覆わない構成なので、電池1を熱伝達部材5に載置させると、熱伝達部材5が変形してラウンド部22に直接接触し(図5参照)、電池ケース2及び熱伝達部材5の接触面積を大きくすることができる。これにより、電池1の冷却効率を向上させることができる。なお、熱交換部4としては、前記冷却プレートに限られず、電池1を加熱する用途の場合には、例えば内部に加熱用液体を流通さえる加熱用液体流路が形成された加熱プレートを用いることが考えられる。この場合には、電池1の加熱効率を向上させることができる。   The heat exchanging part 4 is disposed on the lower surface 2f of the battery 1, and is a cooling plate in which a cooling liquid flow path for circulating a cooling liquid is formed, for example. Further, the heat transfer member 5 is a gel-like member having flexibility and heat transfer, and for example, grease having good heat transfer is conceivable. The heat transfer member 5 is disposed on the entire battery mounting surface 4 a of the cooling plate 4. The one or more batteries 1 are placed on the heat transfer member 5. At this time, since the insulating film 3 does not cover the round part 22, when the battery 1 is placed on the heat transfer member 5, the heat transfer member 5 is deformed and directly contacts the round part 22 (see FIG. 5). The contact area between the battery case 2 and the heat transfer member 5 can be increased. Thereby, the cooling efficiency of the battery 1 can be improved. The heat exchanging unit 4 is not limited to the cooling plate, and in the case of using the battery 1 for heating, for example, a heating plate in which a heating liquid channel for circulating the heating liquid is formed is used. Can be considered. In this case, the heating efficiency of the battery 1 can be improved.

また、前記実施形態のコーナー部22は、平面部21から湾曲して形成されたラウンド部であったが、平面部21から屈曲して傾斜したものであっても良い。   Moreover, although the corner part 22 of the said embodiment was a round part formed by curving from the plane part 21, it may be bent and inclined from the plane part 21.

さらに、前記実施形態では、絶縁フィルム3の端部が平面部21及びラウンド部(コーナー部)22の境界2Rからラウンド部22側に延出した構成であったが、図6に示すように、絶縁フィルム3の端部が、延出部31を有さずに、前記平面部21及びラウンド部22の境界2Rに端部が位置する構成としても良い。これならば、前記実施形態に比べて電池間の絶縁性は劣ってしまうが、絶縁フィルム3の下端部が平面部21に接着される構成とされるので、延出部31がある場合に比べて、絶縁フィルム3と電池ケース2との剥離を防止することができる。また、延出部31が無いので、熱伝達部材5状に電池1を載置した場合に、当該熱伝達部材5が電池ケース2のラウンド部22に接触しやすくなる。   Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the edge part of the insulating film 3 was the structure extended from the boundary 2R of the plane part 21 and the round part (corner part) 22 to the round part 22 side, as shown in FIG. The end portion of the insulating film 3 may be configured such that the end portion is located at the boundary 2 </ b> R between the planar portion 21 and the round portion 22 without having the extending portion 31. If this is the case, the insulation between the batteries is inferior to that of the above embodiment, but the lower end portion of the insulating film 3 is bonded to the flat portion 21, so that compared to the case where the extending portion 31 is present. Thus, peeling between the insulating film 3 and the battery case 2 can be prevented. Moreover, since there is no extension part 31, when the battery 1 is mounted in the shape of the heat transfer member 5, the heat transfer member 5 easily comes into contact with the round part 22 of the battery case 2.

さらに、前記実施形態では、電池ケースの下端部に形成されたコーナー部及び絶縁フィルムに対して本発明を適用した場合について説明したが、電池ケースの端子設置側、つまり上端側に形成されたコーナー部及び絶縁フィルムに対して本発明を適用しても良い。   Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the corner portion and the insulating film formed at the lower end portion of the battery case has been described. However, the corner formed at the terminal installation side of the battery case, that is, the upper end side. You may apply this invention with respect to a part and an insulating film.

前記熱伝達部材はゲル状のものとしたが、電池ケースの底面及びコーナー部に接触するものであれば、固体であっても液体であっても良い。また、絶縁フィルムは電池の上面又は下面からはみ出していても良い。   The heat transfer member is a gel, but may be solid or liquid as long as it contacts the bottom and corners of the battery case. Moreover, the insulating film may protrude from the upper surface or the lower surface of the battery.

その上、前記実施形態では、角形電池について説明したが、円形電池に適用可能であることは言うまでも無い。また、本発明は、キャパシタやコンデンサ等の蓄電素子にも適用可能である。   In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the rectangular battery has been described, but it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to a circular battery. The present invention can also be applied to power storage elements such as capacitors and capacitors.

その他、本発明は前記実施形態に限られず、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。   In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1・・・電池
2・・・電池ケース
2b〜2e・・・外側面
21・・・平面部
22・・・コーナー部(ラウンド部)
3・・・絶縁フィルム
2R・・・平面部及びコーナー部の境界
31・・・延出部
S・・・間隙
4・・・熱交換部
5・・・熱伝達部材
10・・・蓄電装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery 2 ... Battery case 2b-2e ... Outer surface 21 ... Planar part 22 ... Corner part (round part)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Insulating film 2R ... Boundary 31 of plane part and corner part ... Extension part S ... Gap 4 ... Heat exchange part 5 ... Heat transfer member 10 ... Power storage device

Claims (4)

電池ケースの外側面が、平面部及び当該平面部の端部に形成されて前記平面部から湾曲又は傾斜したコーナー部を有しており、
前記電池ケースの外側面に設けられた絶縁フィルムの端部が、前記平面部と平行な方向を向いている電池。
The outer surface of the battery case has a flat portion and a corner portion that is formed at the end of the flat portion and is curved or inclined from the flat portion,
A battery in which an end portion of an insulating film provided on an outer surface of the battery case faces a direction parallel to the flat portion.
前記絶縁フィルムが、前記平面部及び前記コーナー部の境界よりもコーナー部側に延出している延出部を有し、
前記延出部は、前記コーナー部との間に間隙を形成している請求項1記載の電池。
The insulating film has an extending part that extends to the corner part side from the boundary between the flat part and the corner part,
The battery according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between the extension part and the corner part.
前記絶縁フィルムが、前記電池ケースの平面部に接着されている請求項1又は2記載の電池。   The battery according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film is bonded to a flat portion of the battery case. 請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の電池と、前記電池と熱結合される熱交換部と、前記電池及び前記熱交換部の間に設けられた柔軟性を有する熱伝達部材とを有する蓄電装置。
An electricity storage comprising the battery according to claim 1, a heat exchange part thermally coupled to the battery, and a heat transfer member having flexibility provided between the battery and the heat exchange part. apparatus.
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