JP2014044076A - Vibration testing machine - Google Patents

Vibration testing machine Download PDF

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JP2014044076A
JP2014044076A JP2012185495A JP2012185495A JP2014044076A JP 2014044076 A JP2014044076 A JP 2014044076A JP 2012185495 A JP2012185495 A JP 2012185495A JP 2012185495 A JP2012185495 A JP 2012185495A JP 2014044076 A JP2014044076 A JP 2014044076A
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vibration
actuator
testing machine
installation surface
damping
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JP5993658B2 (en
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Takashi Arisaka
尚 有坂
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Kayaba System Machinery Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vibration testing machine which can prevent an increase in weight and is excellent in economic efficiency.SOLUTION: A vibration testing machine T is provided with an actuator A which excites a test piece W, and a vibration-proofing device S which inhibits vibration of the actuator A from being transmitted to an installation surface F, and is mounted on the installation surface F. The vibration-proofing device S includes a spring element 5 interposed between the installation surface F and the actuator A; and an attenuation element D interposed between the installation surface F and the actuator A in parallel to the spring element 5.

Description

本発明は、振動試験機に関する。   The present invention relates to a vibration testing machine.

従来、振動試験機としては、たとえば、疲労試験等を行うために試験体を加振するアクチュエータを備えている。このような振動試験機にあっては、アクチュエータで試験体を加振する際に、その反力を受けるために設置箇所へ振動が伝達されるが、設置箇所の強度が不足する場合など、設置箇所への振動を絶縁したい場合には、防振ゴムや空気ばねを振動試験機の支持部とアクチュエータとの間に介装することがある(たとえば、特許文献1参照)。このように従来の振動試験機にあっては、上記の防振ゴム等を支持部とアクチュエータの間に介装することで、ダイナミックダンパを構成して防振を図っている。   Conventionally, as a vibration testing machine, for example, an actuator that vibrates a specimen is provided to perform a fatigue test or the like. In such a vibration testing machine, when the specimen is vibrated with an actuator, vibration is transmitted to the installation location in order to receive the reaction force, but when the strength of the installation location is insufficient, etc. When it is desired to insulate the vibration to the place, a vibration-proof rubber or an air spring may be interposed between the support portion of the vibration tester and the actuator (for example, see Patent Document 1). As described above, in the conventional vibration testing machine, the above-described vibration isolating rubber or the like is interposed between the support portion and the actuator, so that a dynamic damper is configured to achieve vibration isolation.

特開2005−91018号公報JP 2005-91018 A

上記したように振動試験機の防振対策として防振ゴム等が良く用いられるが、振動試験中は防振ゴム等で支持されるばね上質量が反力となるために、アクチュエータの発生する力の5~10倍に相当するばね上質量が必要となる場合がある。   As described above, anti-vibration rubber is often used as a vibration countermeasure for vibration testing machines, but during the vibration test, the sprung mass supported by the anti-vibration rubber becomes the reaction force, so the force generated by the actuator In some cases, a sprung mass corresponding to 5 to 10 times the required value is required.

そうすると、防振ゴム等で支持されるばね上に反力用の重量物を搭載しなければならず、振動試験機の重量が増加するとともに、振動試験機の設置面の強度の確保が必要で、振動試験機のみならず設置箇所の強化といったコストが嵩むことになり、不経済である。   In this case, a heavy object for reaction force must be mounted on the spring supported by the anti-vibration rubber, etc., increasing the weight of the vibration tester and securing the strength of the installation surface of the vibration tester. In addition, the cost of strengthening not only the vibration testing machine but also the installation location increases, which is uneconomical.

そこで、本発明は、上記不具合を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的とするところは、重量増加を防止することができ、経済性に優れる振動試験機を提供することである。   Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vibration tester that can prevent an increase in weight and is excellent in economy.

上記した目的を達成するため、本発明の課題解決手段は、試験体を加振するアクチュエータと、上記アクチュエータの振動を設置面への伝達を抑制する防振装置とを備えて設置面に取り付けられる振動試験機において、上記防振装置は、上記設置面と上記アクチュエータとの間に介装されるばね要素と、当該ばね要素と並列に上記設置面と上記アクチュエータとの間に介装される減衰要素とを備えたことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above-described object, the problem-solving means of the present invention is attached to an installation surface with an actuator that vibrates a specimen and a vibration isolator that suppresses transmission of vibration of the actuator to the installation surface. In the vibration testing machine, the vibration isolator includes a spring element interposed between the installation surface and the actuator, and a damping interposed between the installation surface and the actuator in parallel with the spring element. And an element.

このように構成された振動試験機にあっては、アクチュエータを伸縮させて試験体へ振動を与えると、その反力を受けてアクチュエータも振動することになるが、減衰要素が減衰力を発揮するため、ばね上(ばね要素に弾性支持される部分)の振動が抑制される。したがって、従来の振動試験機では、振動低減のため質量が大きいマスを取り付ける必要があったが、本発明の振動試験機Tではマスの設ける必要がなくなるため、重量が軽減される。   In the vibration testing machine configured as described above, when the actuator is expanded and contracted and vibration is applied to the test body, the actuator also vibrates in response to the reaction force, but the damping element exhibits the damping force. Therefore, vibration on the spring (portion elastically supported by the spring element) is suppressed. Therefore, in the conventional vibration testing machine, it is necessary to attach a mass having a large mass in order to reduce vibration. However, in the vibration testing machine T of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide a mass, so that the weight is reduced.

本発明の振動試験機によれば、重量増加を防止することができ、経済性に優れる。   According to the vibration testing machine of the present invention, an increase in weight can be prevented, and the economy is excellent.

一実施の形態における振動試験機の平面図である。It is a top view of the vibration testing machine in one embodiment. 一実施の形態における振動試験機の鳥瞰図である。It is a bird's-eye view of the vibration testing machine in one embodiment. 一実施の形態における振動試験機の振動特性を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the vibration characteristic of the vibration testing machine in one embodiment.

以下、図に示した実施の形態に基づき、本発明を説明する。一実施の形態における振動試験機Tは、図1および図2に示すように、試験体Wを加振するアクチュエータAと、アクチュエータAを支持する架台Bと、アクチュエータAの振動を設置面Fへの伝達を抑制する防振装置Sとを備えて構成されている。   The present invention will be described below based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vibration testing machine T according to the embodiment includes an actuator A that vibrates the test body W, a gantry B that supports the actuator A, and vibrations of the actuator A that are transmitted to the installation surface F. And an anti-vibration device S that suppresses transmission of noise.

振動試験機Tは、図示するところでは、アクチュエータAで試験体Wを鉛直方向に加振することができるようになっているが、このアクチュエータAの他に図示はしないが試験体Wを図1中左右方向となる水平方向へ駆動するアクチュエータを備えていてもよい。   Although the vibration tester T is illustrated so as to be able to vibrate the test body W in the vertical direction by the actuator A, the test body W is shown in FIG. You may provide the actuator driven to the horizontal direction used as the middle left-right direction.

以下、一実施の形態の振動試験機Tの各部について詳細に説明する。アクチュエータAは、試験体Wを加振して振動を与えることができるものであればよいので、電動シリンダやアクチュエータの他、流体圧シリンダでもよい。   Hereinafter, each part of vibration testing machine T of one embodiment is explained in detail. The actuator A may be any fluid pressure cylinder in addition to the electric cylinder and the actuator, as long as it can vibrate the specimen W by vibration.

そして、このアクチュエータAは、伸縮するアクチュエータ本体1と、アクチュエータ本体1の先端に設けられて試験体Wを取り付け可能な取付部2とを備え架台Bに起立して取り付けられている。   The actuator A includes an actuator body 1 that expands and contracts, and an attachment portion 2 that is provided at the distal end of the actuator body 1 and to which the test body W can be attached.

架台Bは、アクチュエータAが固定される矩形のベース3と、ベース3の四隅に設けたアーム部4とを備えている。そして、ベース3と振動試験機Tの設置箇所における設置面Fと架台Bにおけるベース3との間には、四つのばね要素としての防振ゴム5が介装されている。また、アーム部4と上記した設置面Fとの間には、防振ゴム5に並列に配置される減衰要素としての四つの減衰力可変ダンパDが介装されている。さらに、この実施の形態の振動試験機Tにあっては、ベース3に取り付けられて振動試験機Tにおけるばね上(防振ゴム5で弾性支持される部分)の振動を検知する加速度センサ7と、この加速度センサ7で検知したばね上の加速度の入力を受けて減衰力可変ダンパDの減衰力を制御するコントローラCとを備えている。この防振ゴム5と減衰力可変ダンパDとで防振装置Sを構成しており、本実施の形態では、ばね要素を防振ゴム5,5としているが、気体ばねやコイルばね等といったばね力を発揮するものであれば使用可能である。なお、この実施の形態の場合、振動試験機Tを安定支持できるように、ばね要素である防振ゴム5を四つ設けているが、その数は任意であり、減衰要素である減衰力可変ダンパDにあっても設置数は任意に設定することができる。   The gantry B includes a rectangular base 3 to which the actuator A is fixed, and arm portions 4 provided at four corners of the base 3. And between the installation surface F in the installation location of the base 3 and the vibration testing machine T, and the base 3 in the mount frame B, the anti-vibration rubber | gum 5 as four spring elements is interposed. Further, four damping force variable dampers D as damping elements arranged in parallel with the vibration isolating rubber 5 are interposed between the arm portion 4 and the installation surface F described above. Furthermore, in the vibration testing machine T of this embodiment, an acceleration sensor 7 that is attached to the base 3 and detects vibration on a spring (a part elastically supported by the vibration isolating rubber 5) in the vibration testing machine T; And a controller C that controls the damping force of the damping force variable damper D in response to the acceleration input on the spring detected by the acceleration sensor 7. The anti-vibration rubber 5 and the damping force variable damper D constitute an anti-vibration device S. In this embodiment, the anti-vibration rubbers 5 and 5 are used as the spring elements, but a spring such as a gas spring or a coil spring is used. Anything that demonstrates its power can be used. In this embodiment, four anti-vibration rubbers 5 as spring elements are provided so that the vibration testing machine T can be stably supported, but the number thereof is arbitrary, and the damping force as a damping element is variable. Even in the damper D, the number of installations can be arbitrarily set.

減衰力可変ダンパDは、伸縮時に当該伸縮を抑制する減衰力を発揮するようになっており、一端がアーム部4に他端が設置面Fにヒンジ結合されている。減衰力可変ダンパDは、詳しくは図示しないが、たとえば、シリンダと、シリンダ内に出入り可能に挿入されたロッドとを備えたダンパ本体6と、ダンパ本体6内に挿入されて上記ロッドの一端に固定される図示しないピストンと、ダンパ本体6内に上記ピストンで区画し流体が充填される図外の二つの作動室と、当該図外の作動室同士を連通する通路と、通路の途中に設けた減衰バルブVとを備えて構成され、ダンパ本体6の伸縮する際に減衰バルブを通過する流体の流れに当該減衰バルブによって抵抗を与えて減衰力を発揮することができるようになっている。そして。この減衰力可変ダンパDにあっては、コントローラCが減衰バルブVへ制御指令を出力し当該減衰バルブVの開度を適宜調節し、減衰バルブVが上記流体の流れに与える抵抗を調節することで、発生する減衰力がコントローラCによって制御されるようになっている。なお、減衰力可変ダンパDの作動流体が電気粘性流体や磁気粘性流体である場合、減衰バルブVの代わりに、通路に電界または磁界を与えることができる装置を設けておき、当該装置に与える制御指令によって電界または磁界の大きさを調節することで、減衰力可変ダンパDの減衰力を制御するようにしてもよい。   The damping force variable damper D exhibits a damping force that suppresses the expansion and contraction during expansion and contraction, and one end is hinged to the arm portion 4 and the other end is hinged to the installation surface F. Although the damping force variable damper D is not shown in detail, for example, a damper main body 6 including a cylinder and a rod inserted into the cylinder so as to be able to enter and exit, and the damper main body 6 is inserted into the damper main body 6 and attached to one end of the rod. A fixed piston (not shown), two working chambers (not shown) partitioned by the piston in the damper main body 6 and filled with fluid, a passage communicating the working chambers (not shown) with each other, and provided in the middle of the passage The damping valve V is configured so that when the damper body 6 expands and contracts, a resistance is given to the flow of the fluid passing through the damping valve by the damping valve so that the damping force can be exerted. And then. In this damping force variable damper D, the controller C outputs a control command to the damping valve V, adjusts the opening degree of the damping valve V as appropriate, and adjusts the resistance that the damping valve V gives to the fluid flow. Thus, the generated damping force is controlled by the controller C. In addition, when the working fluid of the damping force variable damper D is an electroviscous fluid or a magnetorheological fluid, a device capable of applying an electric field or a magnetic field to the passage is provided instead of the damping valve V, and the control given to the device is provided. The damping force of the damping force variable damper D may be controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the electric field or magnetic field according to the command.

なお、減衰力可変ダンパDは、架台Bのベース3と設置面Fとの間に介装されてもよく、アクチュエータAとアクチュエータAが固定される架台Bの振動を抑制するようになっている。よって、架台Bの形状および構造はこれに限定されるものではないが、アーム部4を設けることで、減衰力可変ダンパDの全長によらず、アクチュエータAの下端を支持するベース3を設置面Fに近づけて振動試験機Tの重心を低くすることができるので、振動試験中にあっても振動試験機Tが安定する。   The damping force variable damper D may be interposed between the base 3 of the gantry B and the installation surface F, and suppresses vibration of the gantry B to which the actuator A and the actuator A are fixed. . Therefore, the shape and structure of the gantry B are not limited to this, but by providing the arm portion 4, the base 3 that supports the lower end of the actuator A can be installed on the installation surface regardless of the total length of the damping force variable damper D. Since the center of gravity of the vibration tester T can be lowered close to F, the vibration tester T is stabilized even during the vibration test.

この場合、防振ゴム5および減衰力可変ダンパDを設置面Fに直接に取り付けるようにしているが、設置面Fに固定される基台を設け、この基台と架台Bとの間に防振ゴム5および減衰力可変ダンパDを介装するようにしてもよい。   In this case, the anti-vibration rubber 5 and the damping force variable damper D are directly attached to the installation surface F, but a base fixed to the installation surface F is provided, and the anti-vibration between the base and the base B is provided. The vibration rubber 5 and the damping force variable damper D may be interposed.

このように構成された振動試験機Tにあっては、アクチュエータAを伸縮させて試験体Wへ振動を与えると、その反力を受けてアクチュエータAも架台Bとともに上下方向へ振動することになるが、減衰力可変ダンパDが減衰力を発揮するため、試験体W、アクチュエータAおよび架台Bが防振ゴム5,5で支持される場合の固有振動数ωとすると、図3に示すように、√2ωの範囲の周波数域の振動を低減することができ、アクチュエータAの振動が低減され、設置面Fへの振動の伝達が抑制される。なお、図3中破線は、ダンパ無しの場合の振動の周波数特性であり、図3中実線が本発明の振動試験機Tの振動周波数特性と示している。   In the vibration testing machine T configured as described above, when the actuator A is expanded and contracted to apply vibration to the test body W, the actuator A also vibrates in the vertical direction together with the gantry B by receiving the reaction force. However, since the damping force variable damper D exhibits damping force, the natural frequency ω when the specimen W, the actuator A, and the gantry B are supported by the vibration isolating rubbers 5 and 5 is as shown in FIG. , √2ω can be reduced in the frequency range, the vibration of the actuator A is reduced, and the transmission of vibration to the installation surface F is suppressed. In addition, the broken line in FIG. 3 is the frequency characteristic of vibration when there is no damper, and the solid line in FIG. 3 indicates the vibration frequency characteristic of the vibration testing machine T of the present invention.

したがって、従来の振動試験機では、振動低減のため質量が大きいマスを取り付ける必要があったが、本発明の振動試験機Tではマスを設ける必要がなくなるため、重量が軽減され、振動試験機Tのコストが低減される。よって、本発明の振動試験機Tによれば、重量増加を防止することができ、経済性に優れるのである。   Therefore, in the conventional vibration testing machine, it is necessary to attach a mass having a large mass in order to reduce vibration. However, in the vibration testing machine T of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide a mass, so that the weight is reduced and the vibration testing machine T Cost is reduced. Therefore, according to the vibration testing machine T of the present invention, an increase in weight can be prevented and the economy is excellent.

また、減衰要素を減衰力可変ダンパDとすることで、減衰要素の減衰係数を可変にすることができるため、試験体Wの質量の大きさ、アクチュエータAで与える振動周波数に応じて、減衰力可変ダンパDの減衰特性を変更することで、効果的に振動試験機Tのばね上の振動を抑制することができる。また、試験体Wに√2ω以上の周波数の振動を与える場合、減衰力可変ダンパDが発生する減衰力が防振ゴム5,5による振動試験機Tの振動低減効果を抑制してしまうことがあるが、このような場合、加速度センサ7で検出した加速度の変化から振動試験機Tのばね上の振動周波数に応じてコントローラCにて減衰力可変ダンパDの減衰力を小さくする制御を行うことで、防振ゴム5,5による振動低減を悪化させることが無いようにすることができる。つまり、振動試験機Tのばね上の振動周波数が√2ωを超えると減衰力可変ダンパDの減衰力を小さくする制御を行えば、振動周波数が√2ωを超える領域でも上記ばね上の振動を効果的に抑制することができる。ばね上の振動周波数を検知するには、加速度センサ7以外にも設置面Fとベース3との相対変位を検知する変位センサを用いることもできる。なお、上記したように、アクチュエータAの加振周波数を√2ω以下の範囲で使用するのであれば、減衰要素を設けておくことで振動試験機Tを振動低減することができるから、減衰要素を減衰力可変ダンパDではなく減衰特性が変化しないダンパを用いることも当然可能である。   In addition, since the damping element can be made variable by using the damping force variable damper D as the damping element, the damping force depends on the mass of the specimen W and the vibration frequency applied by the actuator A. By changing the damping characteristic of the variable damper D, the vibration on the spring of the vibration testing machine T can be effectively suppressed. In addition, when vibration of a frequency of √2ω or more is applied to the test body W, the damping force generated by the damping force variable damper D may suppress the vibration reducing effect of the vibration testing machine T by the vibration isolating rubbers 5 and 5. In such a case, the controller C performs control to reduce the damping force of the damping force variable damper D according to the vibration frequency on the spring of the vibration testing machine T from the change in acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor 7. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the vibration reduction by the anti-vibration rubbers 5 and 5 from being deteriorated. In other words, if the damping force of the damping force variable damper D is reduced when the vibration frequency on the spring of the vibration testing machine T exceeds √2ω, the vibration on the spring is effective even in the region where the vibration frequency exceeds √2ω. Can be suppressed. In order to detect the vibration frequency on the spring, a displacement sensor for detecting the relative displacement between the installation surface F and the base 3 can be used in addition to the acceleration sensor 7. As described above, if the vibration frequency of the actuator A is used within a range of √2ω or less, the vibration testing machine T can be reduced in vibration by providing a damping element. Of course, it is also possible to use a damper whose damping characteristics do not change instead of the damping force variable damper D.

以上で、本発明の実施の形態についての説明を終えるが、本発明の範囲は図示されまたは説明された詳細そのものには限定されないことは勿論である。   This is the end of the description of the embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is of course not limited to the details shown or described.

5 ばね要素としての防振ゴム
A アクチュエータ
B 架台
D 減衰要素としての減衰力可変ダンパ
F 設置面
S 防振装置
T 振動試験機
5 Anti-vibration rubber A as a spring element Actuator B Mounting base D Damping force variable damper F as a damping element Installation surface S Anti-vibration device T Vibration tester

Claims (2)

試験体を加振するアクチュエータと、上記アクチュエータの振動を設置面への伝達を抑制する防振装置とを備えて設置面に取り付けられる振動試験機において、上記防振装置は、上記設置面と上記アクチュエータとの間に介装されるばね要素と、当該ばね要素と並列に上記設置面と上記アクチュエータとの間に介装される減衰要素とを備えたことを特徴とする振動試験機。 In a vibration testing machine that is attached to an installation surface with an actuator that vibrates a test specimen and an anti-vibration device that suppresses transmission of vibration of the actuator to the installation surface, the vibration isolation device includes the installation surface and the A vibration testing machine comprising: a spring element interposed between an actuator and a damping element interposed between the installation surface and the actuator in parallel with the spring element. 減衰要素は、減衰係数を変更可能な減衰力可変ダンパであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の振動試験機。 The vibration testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the damping element is a damping force variable damper capable of changing a damping coefficient.
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CN105157937A (en) * 2015-04-07 2015-12-16 安徽建筑大学 Detection apparatus and detection method for the earthquake-proof performance of sleeve mortar anchor connecting pieces
CN108444664A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-08-24 深圳天溯计量检测股份有限公司 A kind of power battery vibration performance test device
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018185341A (en) * 2014-07-30 2018-11-22 国際計測器株式会社 Vibration device, actuator, and fixing part supporting mechanism of actuator
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CN110779702A (en) * 2019-11-19 2020-02-11 无锡职业技术学院 Device for verifying durability of springs in batches

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