JP2014039887A - Water purification material - Google Patents

Water purification material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2014039887A
JP2014039887A JP2010281859A JP2010281859A JP2014039887A JP 2014039887 A JP2014039887 A JP 2014039887A JP 2010281859 A JP2010281859 A JP 2010281859A JP 2010281859 A JP2010281859 A JP 2010281859A JP 2014039887 A JP2014039887 A JP 2014039887A
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Prior art keywords
water purification
purification material
fibers
braid
water
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Inventor
Taiji Takagi
泰治 高木
Seiichi Higashi
聖一 東
Koji Mori
幸治 森
Yutaka Hayashi
豊 林
Kosuke Togashi
宏介 富樫
Takashi Taniguchi
敬 谷口
Michio Taniguchi
道夫 谷口
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TANIGUCHI SEICHU KK
Komatsu Seiren Co Ltd
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TANIGUCHI SEICHU KK
Komatsu Seiren Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2010281859A priority Critical patent/JP2014039887A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2011/078376 priority patent/WO2012081484A1/en
Publication of JP2014039887A publication Critical patent/JP2014039887A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
    • C02F3/106—Carbonaceous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/109—Characterized by the shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water purification material in which carbon fibers hardly come off during water purification.SOLUTION: A water purification material includes a braid including at least carbon fibers. In the water purification material, it is preferable that the braid includes a main line part 11, and branch line parts 12 provided on the side face of the main line part 11 by projecting a part of carbon fibers constituting the braid from the side face of the main line part 11.

Description

本発明は、水を浄化する際に用いられる水浄化材に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a water purification material used when purifying water.

河川、湖沼、海の水を浄化するために、または水質汚染の原因となる工場排水、温泉排水および家庭排水などの下水を処理するために、炭素繊維を利用した水浄化材を用いることが知られている。炭素繊維は、水を浄化する微生物が定着しやすいため、高い水浄化性能が得られる。例えば、特許文献１には、炭素繊維の織物を用いた水浄化材が開示されている。   It is known to use water purification materials that use carbon fiber to purify rivers, lakes, sea water, or to treat sewage such as factory effluent, hot spring effluent and domestic effluent that cause water pollution. It has been. Since carbon fibers are easy to fix microorganisms that purify water, high water purification performance can be obtained. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a water purification material using a carbon fiber fabric.

特開２００７−２３７１００号公報JP 2007-237100 A

しかし、炭素繊維の織物からなる水浄化材を実際に海や川、排水処理場で用いると、水の力で揉まれ、繊維が織物組織から抜けて、バラバラになり、１０日も経たないうちに消失することがあった。その対策として、織物の端部を縫製して筒状や袋状等にすることが考えられるが、そのような形状にしても縫製部の繊維が直ぐに滑脱してしまい、その部分から解れて織物全体がバラバラになった。そのため、寿命が短期間であり、高価な炭素繊維を水処理に充分に利用できていなかった。
本発明は、水浄化中に炭素繊維が抜けにくい水浄化材を提供することを目的とする。 However, when water purification materials made of carbon fiber fabrics are actually used in the sea, rivers, and wastewater treatment plants, they are swollen by the power of the water, the fibers come out of the fabric structure, fall apart, and have not yet passed 10 days. Disappeared. As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to sew the end of the fabric into a tubular shape or bag shape. However, even in such a shape, the fibers in the sewn portion immediately slip off, and the fabric is released from the portion. The whole fell apart. For this reason, the lifetime is short, and expensive carbon fibers cannot be sufficiently utilized for water treatment.
An object of the present invention is to provide a water purification material in which carbon fibers are difficult to come off during water purification.

本発明の水浄化材は、少なくとも炭素繊維を含む組紐を備えることを特徴とする。
本発明の水浄化材において、組紐に含まれる炭素繊維同士が組まれて拘束されているため、水浄化に用いた際に水の力でもまれても消失しにくい。そのため、本発明の水浄化材は寿命が長く、高価な炭素繊維を充分に利用できる。 The water purification material of the present invention comprises a braid including at least carbon fiber.
In the water purification material of the present invention, since the carbon fibers contained in the braid are assembled and restrained, they are not easily lost even when they are used in water purification, even if they are affected by the power of water. Therefore, the water purification material of the present invention has a long life and can fully utilize expensive carbon fibers.

本発明の水浄化材においては、前記組紐が、本線部と、該本線部の側面から組紐を構成する炭素繊維の一部が突出して前記本線部の側面に設けられた枝線部とを有することが好ましい。
本発明の水浄化材が枝線部を有すると、表面積が大きくなるため、微生物の定着量が多くなり、水浄化性能が向上する。
そのため、工場等から排出される排水の処理に対して、容積の小さな排水処理設備でも充分に処理が可能であり、広い敷地を有していなくても容易に排水処理できる。また、排水処理時の曝気量が少なくて済むため、電気代を削減でき、また、汚泥の発生量を減らすことができ汚泥処理経費を削減できる。これらのことから、排水処理費用を削減できる。 In the water purification material of the present invention, the braid has a main line part, and a branch line part provided on a side surface of the main line part by projecting a part of the carbon fiber constituting the braid from the side surface of the main line part. It is preferable.
When the water purification material of the present invention has a branch line portion, the surface area is increased, so that the amount of microorganisms fixed is increased and the water purification performance is improved.
Therefore, with respect to the treatment of the wastewater discharged from the factory or the like, the wastewater treatment facility having a small volume can be sufficiently treated, and the wastewater treatment can be easily performed without having a large site. Moreover, since the amount of aeration during the wastewater treatment is small, the electricity cost can be reduced, and the amount of sludge generated can be reduced, thereby reducing the sludge treatment cost. Therefore, wastewater treatment costs can be reduced.

前記組紐は、炭素繊維以外の少なくとも１種の他の繊維をさらに含むことが好ましい。
一般に、担体に微生物を定着させる水浄化材においては、高い水浄化性能を維持するために、随時、活性の低下した微生物を担体から除去する必要があるが、水浄化材が炭素繊維からなる場合には、微生物が強固に定着するため、容易には除去できず、メンテナンスに多大な労力を要した。
しかし、他の繊維を有すると、定着した微生物の付着力が適度に低下し、活性が低下した微生物を水浄化材から取り除く除去作業が容易となり、メンテナンス性を向上させることができる。
また、枝線部を有して水浄化材の表面積を増やした場合、枝線部に他の繊維が含まれるとよい。
枝線部の炭素繊維は微生物の付着によって集束して一体化して開繊性が低下する傾向にある。開繊性が低下すると、水浄化に利用される面積が減少し、水浄化性能が低下する。
しかし、枝線部に他の繊維が含まれると、微生物の付着量を適度に抑えることができ、微生物の付着による繊維同士の集束を抑制できる。そのため、長期間使用した際にも水浄化材の表面積を高いまま維持できる。したがって、長期間使用しても水浄化性能を維持できる。 It is preferable that the braid further includes at least one other fiber other than the carbon fiber.
Generally, in a water purification material that fixes microorganisms on a carrier, in order to maintain high water purification performance, it is necessary to remove microorganisms with reduced activity from the carrier at any time, but the water purification material is made of carbon fiber. However, since the microorganisms are firmly fixed, they cannot be easily removed, and a lot of labor is required for maintenance.
However, when other fibers are included, the adhesion of the settled microorganisms is moderately reduced, and the removal work for removing the microorganisms with reduced activity from the water purification material is facilitated, and the maintainability can be improved.
Moreover, when it has a branch line part and the surface area of the water purification material was increased, it is good for another fiber to be contained in a branch line part.
The carbon fibers in the branch line portions tend to converge and be integrated by the attachment of microorganisms, and the spreadability tends to decrease. When the spreadability is lowered, the area used for water purification is reduced and the water purification performance is lowered.
However, when other fibers are included in the branch line portion, the amount of attached microorganisms can be moderately suppressed, and the convergence of fibers due to the attachment of microorganisms can be suppressed. Therefore, the surface area of the water purification material can be maintained high even when used for a long time. Therefore, water purification performance can be maintained even after long-term use.

本発明の水浄化材において、前記他の繊維が、アクリル繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ビニロン繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維からなる群から選ばれる１種以上の繊維を含むことが好ましい。これらの繊維を用いれば、強度が向上し、耐久性をより向上させることができる。   In the water purification material of the present invention, it is preferable that the other fibers include one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, vinylon fibers, nylon fibers, and polyvinylidene chloride fibers. By using these fibers, the strength can be improved and the durability can be further improved.

本発明の水浄化材は、水浄化中に炭素繊維が抜けにくく、長期間使用可能である。また、炭素繊維に加えて他の繊維を含めば、水浄化性能の低下を抑制でき、容易にメンテナンスできる。   The water purification material of the present invention can be used for a long period of time because carbon fibers are not easily removed during water purification. Moreover, if other fibers are included in addition to the carbon fiber, it is possible to suppress a decrease in water purification performance and to perform maintenance easily.

本発明の水浄化材の一実施形態を示す写真である。It is a photograph which shows one Embodiment of the water purification material of this invention. 本発明の水浄化材の他の実施形態を示す写真である。It is a photograph which shows other embodiment of the water purification material of this invention. 実施例２における試験１の後の水浄化材への微生物の付着状態を示す写真である。2 is a photograph showing the state of adhesion of microorganisms to a water purification material after Test 1 in Example 2. FIG.

以下、本発明の実施形態に係る水浄化材について説明する。
本実施形態の水浄化材は、図１に示すように、組紐であって、本線部１１と、本線部１１の側面から組紐を構成する炭素繊維の一部が突出して設けられた枝線部１２とを備える。 Hereinafter, the water purification material which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the water purification material of the present embodiment is a braid, and is a main line part 11 and a branch line part in which a part of carbon fiber constituting the braid protrudes from the side surface of the main line part 11. 12.

水浄化材を構成する組紐は、長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面が円形状の丸打組物からなる。また、組紐（丸打組物）の本線部１１の断面形状は、円形状であっても四角形（角打組物）等の多角形であってもよいが、繊維の切断を防ぐ点から、円形状が好ましい。さらに、本線部１１は筒状であってもよいし、中実でもよい。
本線部１１の長さは特に限定されるものではなく、水処理する場所に応じて、数ｃｍ〜数十ｋｍの長さの範囲で調整される。 The braid constituting the water purification material is a round braid having a circular cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the main line portion 11 of the braid (round braid) may be a circular shape or a polygon such as a quadrangle (square braid), but from the point of preventing fiber cutting, A circular shape is preferred. Further, the main line portion 11 may be cylindrical or solid.
The length of the main line part 11 is not particularly limited, and is adjusted in a range of several centimeters to several tens of kilometers depending on the place where water treatment is performed.

本実施形態では、本線部１１の側面から突出した枝線部１２が輪奈状（環状）になっている。
枝線部１２の、本線部１１の側面からの長さは、１ｃｍ〜２０ｃｍであることが好ましく、３ｃｍ〜１０ｃｍであることがより好ましい。枝線部１２の長さが１ｃｍ以上であれば、水浄化の効果がより大きくなり、２０ｃｍ以下であれば、微生物の付着による繊維同士の集束を抑制しやすくなり、繊維の開繊性が向上して、水浄化材の表面積の低下を防ぐことができる。 In the present embodiment, the branch line portion 12 protruding from the side surface of the main line portion 11 has a wanna shape (annular shape).
The length of the branch line portion 12 from the side surface of the main line portion 11 is preferably 1 cm to 20 cm, and more preferably 3 cm to 10 cm. If the length of the branch line part 12 is 1 cm or more, the effect of water purification becomes larger, and if it is 20 cm or less, it becomes easy to suppress the convergence of fibers due to adhesion of microorganisms, and the fiber opening property is improved. Thus, a reduction in the surface area of the water purification material can be prevented.

本実施形態における組紐は、炭素繊維と、炭素繊維以外の少なくとも１種の他の繊維により構成されている。
ここで、炭素繊維としては、アクリル繊維から形成したＰＡＮ系炭素繊維、石油・石炭ピッチから形成したピッチ系炭素繊維、レーヨンから形成した炭素繊維のいずれであってもよい。
炭素繊維のフィラメント数は特に制限されない。例えば、炭素繊維は、フィラメント数が４８０００本以上のラージトウであってもよいし、２４０００本以下のレギュラートウであってもよい。レギュラートウとしては、例えば、２４０００本のトウ、１２０００本のトウ、６０００本のトウ、３０００本のトウ、１０００本のトウ等が挙げられる。 The braid in this embodiment is composed of carbon fibers and at least one other fiber other than carbon fibers.
Here, the carbon fiber may be any of a PAN-based carbon fiber formed from acrylic fiber, a pitch-based carbon fiber formed from petroleum / coal pitch, and a carbon fiber formed from rayon.
The number of carbon fiber filaments is not particularly limited. For example, the carbon fiber may be large tow having 48,000 filaments or more, or may be regular tow having 24,000 filaments or less. Examples of the regular tow include 24000 tows, 12000 tows, 6000 tows, 3000 tows, 1000 tows, and the like.

炭素繊維以外の少なくとも1種の他の繊維としては、例えば、アクリル繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ビニロン繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維、ポリウレタン繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、綿、麻、絹、羊毛、レーヨン、トリアセテートなどの繊維が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、強度、微生物の親和性の観点からは、アクリル繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ビニロン繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。 Examples of at least one other fiber other than carbon fiber include acrylic fiber, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, vinylon fiber, nylon fiber, polyvinylidene chloride fiber, polyurethane fiber, aramid fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, cotton, hemp, Examples include fibers such as silk, wool, rayon, and triacetate.
Among these, from the viewpoint of strength and affinity for microorganisms, it is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic fiber, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, vinylon fiber, nylon fiber, and polyvinylidene chloride fiber.

組紐における炭素繊維の含有割合は、水浄化性能の観点からは、０．１質量％以上が好ましく、１〜８０質量％がより好ましく、１０〜７０質量％がさらに好ましい。   From the viewpoint of water purification performance, the carbon fiber content in the braid is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1 to 80% by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 70% by mass.

また、水浄化材においては、組紐が筒状で、その内部（本実施形態では本線部の内部）に鉄材または多孔質材料が充填されてもよい。
筒状の組紐の内部に鉄材が充填された場合には、水中のリンの除去効果を向上させることができる。
鉄材を充填する場合には、組紐の内径は、０．０１〜５０ｃｍが好ましく、０．０５〜１０ｃｍがより好ましい。組紐の内径が０．０１ｃｍ以上であれば、充分な量の鉄材を組紐内部に充填でき、５０ｃｍ以下であれば、浄化する水域における水浄化材の表面積の割合が大きくなり、より高い水浄化効果を確保できる。 Further, in the water purification material, the braid may be cylindrical, and the inside (in the present embodiment, the inside of the main line portion) may be filled with an iron material or a porous material.
When the steel material is filled in the tubular braid, the removal effect of phosphorus in water can be improved.
When filling with an iron material, the inner diameter of the braid is preferably 0.01 to 50 cm, and more preferably 0.05 to 10 cm. If the inner diameter of the braid is 0.01 cm or more, a sufficient amount of iron material can be filled in the braid, and if it is 50 cm or less, the ratio of the surface area of the water purification material in the water area to be purified increases, and a higher water purification effect. Can be secured.

組紐内部に充填された鉄材は、水浄化材の水への浸漬時間が長くなるにつれて、溶出量が多くなり、次第に細くなっていく。組紐は長さ方向に伸びやすく、内径が小さくなりやすい。そのため、組紐内部の鉄材が次第に細くなっても、それに追従して組紐の内径が小さくなるので、炭素繊維と鉄材とを接触させ続けることができ、長期間にわたって優れた水浄化性能を維持する。   The iron material filled in the braid has a greater amount of elution and gradually becomes thinner as the immersion time of the water purification material in the water becomes longer. The braid tends to extend in the length direction and the inner diameter tends to be small. For this reason, even if the iron material inside the braid gradually becomes thinner, the inner diameter of the braid becomes smaller following that, so that the carbon fiber and the iron material can be kept in contact with each other, and excellent water purification performance is maintained over a long period of time.

多孔質材料を組紐の内部に充填する場合には、汚泥の発生を抑制することができる。多孔質材料としては、珪藻土および汚泥の少なくとも一方を含む配合物を焼成して得た多孔質セラミックス焼結体の破砕粒が好ましい。前記多孔質セラミックス焼結体の破砕粒によれば、微生物がより定着するため、より優れた水浄化性能が得られる。   When the porous material is filled into the braid, the generation of sludge can be suppressed. As the porous material, a crushed grain of a porous ceramic sintered body obtained by firing a blend containing at least one of diatomaceous earth and sludge is preferable. According to the pulverized grains of the porous ceramic sintered body, microorganisms are more firmly fixed, so that a better water purification performance can be obtained.

多孔質材料を充填する場合には、組紐の内径は、０．５〜５０ｃｍが好ましく、１〜１０ｃｍがより好ましい。組紐の内径が０．５ｃｍ以上であれば、充分な量の多孔質材料を組紐内部に充填でき、５０ｃｍ以下であれば、浄化する水域における水浄化材の表面積の割合が大きくなり、より高い水浄化効果を確保できる。   When the porous material is filled, the inner diameter of the braid is preferably 0.5 to 50 cm, and more preferably 1 to 10 cm. If the inner diameter of the braid is 0.5 cm or more, a sufficient amount of porous material can be filled in the braid, and if it is 50 cm or less, the ratio of the surface area of the water purification material in the water area to be purified increases, A purification effect can be secured.

水浄化材の水中での固定方法については特に制限はない。例えば、水浄化材の一端のみを、棒、ロープ、金属線等の固定部材に取り付け、前記固定部材を水面上に配置し、水浄化材を水中に向けて吊り下げてもよい。また、水浄化材の両端を前記固定部材に取り付け、一方の固定部材を水面上に配置し、他方の固定部材を水中に配置してもよい。また、水浄化材の両端を枠体に鉛直方向または水平方向に取り付け、その枠体ごと、水中に浸漬してもよい。
その際、水浄化材の本数は１本である必要はなく、水浄化性能をより高めるためには、複数本であることが好ましい。 There is no particular limitation on the fixing method of the water purification material in water. For example, only one end of the water purification material may be attached to a fixing member such as a rod, rope, or metal wire, the fixing member may be disposed on the water surface, and the water purification material may be suspended toward the water. Alternatively, both ends of the water purification material may be attached to the fixing member, one fixing member may be disposed on the water surface, and the other fixing member may be disposed in water. Further, both ends of the water purification material may be attached to the frame in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, and the entire frame may be immersed in water.
In that case, the number of water purification materials does not need to be one, and in order to further improve the water purification performance, a plurality of water purification materials are preferable.

上記水浄化材は組紐により構成されているため、炭素繊維同士が組まれて（他の繊維を含む場合には、炭素繊維と他の繊維も組まれて）拘束され、水処理用時に抜けて流出することを防止できる。また、上記水浄化材では、本線部１１の組紐の側面から組紐を構成する繊維の一部が突出して設けられた枝線部１２を有し、表面積が大きくなるため、多くの微生物を定着させることができ、水浄化性能を向上させることができる。
微生物が多く付着しすぎると、微生物の付着によって炭素繊維同士が集束して開繊性が低下し、かえって表面積を低下させる上に、微生物の付着力が強くなる傾向にある。そのため、組紐を構成する繊維が炭素繊維のみからなり、枝線部１２を有する場合には、水浄化性能を損ない、また、メンテナンス性が低下するおそれがある。しかし、上記水浄化材を構成する組紐は、炭素繊維以外に他の繊維を含むため、微生物の定着を適度に抑制できる。そのため、微生物の付着による炭素繊維の集束を防ぐことができ、開繊性を確保でき、表面積を高いまま維持できる。さらに、定着した微生物の付着力を適度に低下させることができるため、水をかけるだけで水浄化材から微生物を容易に除去でき、メンテナンス性に優れる。 Since the water purification material is composed of braids, carbon fibers are assembled together (if other fibers are included, the carbon fibers and other fibers are also assembled) and restrained. It can prevent outflow. Moreover, in the said water purification material, since it has the branch line part 12 in which a part of fiber which comprises a braid protrudes from the side surface of the braid of the main line part 11, and a surface area becomes large, many microorganisms are fixed. Water purification performance can be improved.
If too many microorganisms are attached, the carbon fibers converge due to the attachment of the microorganisms, resulting in a decrease in the spreadability. On the other hand, the surface area is reduced and the adhesion of the microorganisms tends to increase. Therefore, when the fiber which comprises a braid consists only of carbon fiber and has the branch line part 12, there exists a possibility that water purification performance may be impaired and maintainability may fall. However, since the braid constituting the water purification material contains other fibers in addition to the carbon fibers, it is possible to moderately suppress the colonization of microorganisms. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the carbon fibers from converging due to the adhesion of microorganisms, to ensure the opening property, and to keep the surface area high. Furthermore, since the adhesive force of the fixed microorganisms can be reduced moderately, the microorganisms can be easily removed from the water purification material simply by applying water, and the maintenance is excellent.

また、上記水浄化材では、従来の排水処理設備よりも小型化できるため、敷地が狭く、排水処理設備を設置できなかった場所においても排水処理が可能となり、設備費を削減できる。また、排水処理時の曝気量も３０％〜９５％程度減らすことができ、排水処理時の電気代を削減できる。また、排水処理時に発生する汚泥の量を２０〜９９％程度削減でき、汚泥処理費用、排水処理時のランニングコストも削減できる。さらに、汚泥の沈殿槽を小さく又は省略することができ、排水処理設備の面積の縮小、排水処理の経費を削減できる。   In addition, since the water purification material can be made smaller than conventional wastewater treatment facilities, wastewater treatment can be performed even in places where the site is narrow and the wastewater treatment facilities cannot be installed, thereby reducing the equipment cost. In addition, the amount of aeration during wastewater treatment can be reduced by about 30% to 95%, and the electricity bill during wastewater treatment can be reduced. In addition, the amount of sludge generated during wastewater treatment can be reduced by about 20 to 99%, and sludge treatment costs and running costs during wastewater treatment can also be reduced. Furthermore, the sludge settling tank can be reduced or omitted, and the area of the wastewater treatment facility can be reduced and the cost of wastewater treatment can be reduced.

なお、本発明の水浄化材は、上記実施形態に限定されない。例えば、図２に示すように、枝線部は輪奈状でなくてもよく、輪奈が切断されて、端部１３ａを有する非環状の枝線部１３でもよい。
また、組紐は、丸打組物に限らず、平打組物であってもよい。
また、本発明の水浄化材は、枝線部を有さないものであってもよい。また、本発明の水浄化材は、他の繊維を有さず、炭素繊維のみで構成されていてもよい。 In addition, the water purification material of this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the branch line portion may not be a wrinkle shape, or may be a non-annular branch line portion 13 having an end portion 13 a by cutting the wanna.
Further, the braid is not limited to a round striking structure, and may be a flat striking structure.
Moreover, the water purification material of this invention may not have a branch line part. Moreover, the water purification material of this invention may not have another fiber, and may be comprised only with carbon fiber.

以下、実施例を挙げてさらに本発明を詳細に説明する。
なお、各種の測定は以下の方法にておこなった。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Various measurements were performed by the following methods.

（ＢＯＤ） ＪＩＳ Ｋ０１０２ ２１、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ０１０２ ３２．３ 隔膜電極法
（ＳＳ） 昭和４６年環告第５９号付表８ ろ過重量法 (BOD) JIS K0102 21, JIS K0102 32.3 Diaphragm electrode method (SS) Showa 46 year notice No. 59 Appendix Table 8 Filtration weight method

なお、以下の例において、組紐を構成する各繊維には以下のものを用いた。
炭素繊維：ＰＡＮ系炭素繊維、１２０００本（１２Ｋ）、直径 ６．５μｍ
アクリル繊維（毛糸）：ホビーメイクアクリル並太（商標）、４８ｇ玉巻（約７９ｍ）、手芸の山久より購入。
アクリル繊維（スパン）：１７番手 In the following examples, the following fibers were used as the fibers constituting the braid.
Carbon fiber: PAN-based carbon fiber, 12,000 fibers (12K), diameter 6.5 μm
Acrylic fiber (yarn): Hobby makeup acrylic Namita (trademark), 48g Tamaki (about 79m), purchased from Yamahisa, a handicraft.
Acrylic fiber (spun): 17th

（実施例１）
水浄化材として、組紐で、炭素繊維のみから構成された本線部と、本線部の側面から炭素繊維の一部が突出して設けられた枝線部（輪奈を切断したもの、本線部からの長さは５ｃｍ）とを有するものを用いた。本線部は筒状の丸打組物である。
なお、水浄化材は、本線部の長さが１ｍのものと１．８ｍのものを作製した。 Example 1
As water purification material, braid, main line part composed only of carbon fiber, and branch line part where carbon fiber partly protrudes from the side of main line part (cut from wanna, from main line part The one having a length of 5 cm) was used. The main line portion is a cylindrical round braid.
In addition, the water purification material produced that the length of a main line part is 1 m, and 1.8 m.

実施例１の水浄化材を用いて、下記試験１をおこなった。
（試験１：バッチ試験）
タテ２．５ｍ、ヨコ１．２ｍ、高さ２ｍの槽に、小松精練株式会社から排出される水処理前の排水６ｍ３を入れ、その中に長さ１ｍの水浄化材２００本、１．８ｍの水浄化材を２００本吊り下げた。その水浄化材の上下は紐を用いて固定した。
次いで、小松精練株式会社において水処理に用いている微生物（種菌：ＭＬＳＳ１４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）を１０リットル／日投入して、水処理を開始した。水処理の際には、水中の溶存酸素が２〜３ｍｇ／Ｌとなるように曝気した。 The following test 1 was performed using the water purification material of Example 1.
(Test 1: Batch test)
Vertical 2.5 m, horizontal 1.2 m, the bath height 2m, put drainage 6 m 3 before the water treatment discharged from Komatsu Seiren Co., water purification material 200 present a length of 1m therein, 1. 200 pieces of 8 m water purification material were hung. The top and bottom of the water purification material were fixed using strings.
Subsequently, 10 microliters / day of microorganisms (inoculum: MLSS 14000 mg / L) used for water treatment at Komatsu Seiren Co., Ltd. were introduced to start water treatment. During the water treatment, aeration was performed so that the dissolved oxygen in water was 2 to 3 mg / L.

水処理開始から１０日後のＢＯＤおよびＳＳの測定結果を表１に示す。ＢＯＤおよびＳＳは水処理前よりも大幅に低減されていた。また、水浄化材はバラバラにならず形状を維持していた。   Table 1 shows the measurement results of BOD and SS 10 days after the start of water treatment. BOD and SS were significantly reduced than before water treatment. Moreover, the water purification material was maintaining the shape without falling apart.

（実施例２）
水浄化材として、図２に示すような、組紐で、炭素繊維、アクリル繊維（毛糸）、アクリル繊維（スパン）から構成され、本線部１１と、本線部１１の側面から炭素繊維１３ｂおよびアクリル繊維（毛糸）１３ｃの一部が突出して設けられた枝線部１３（輪奈を切断したもの、本線部１１からの長さは５ｃｍ）とを有するものを用いた。本線部１１は筒状の丸打組物である。
水浄化材にける炭素繊維、アクリル繊維（毛糸）、アクリル繊維（スパン）の質量割合は、炭素繊維：アクリル繊維（毛糸）：アクリル繊維（スパン）＝３２：２８：４とした。枝線部１３における炭素繊維とアクリル繊維（毛糸）は、炭素繊維とアクリル繊維（毛糸）の質量割合は１：１とした。
また、水浄化材の内部には、芯材として、炭素繊維およびアクリル繊維（スパン）を挿入した。本線部と枝線部の炭素繊維、芯材の炭素繊維、芯材のアクリル繊維（スパン）の質量割合は、本線部と枝線部の炭素繊維：芯材の炭素繊維：芯材のアクリル繊維（スパン）＝３０：２：２とした。
なお、水浄化材は、本線部１１の長さが１ｍのものと１．８ｍのものを作製した。 (Example 2)
As a water purification material, as shown in FIG. 2, the braid is composed of carbon fiber, acrylic fiber (yarn), and acrylic fiber (span), and the main fiber portion 11 and the carbon fiber 13b and acrylic fiber from the side surface of the main wire portion 11 (Woolen yarn) A part having a branch line part 13 (a part cut from Wanna, the length from the main line part 11 is 5 cm) provided by protruding a part of 13c was used. The main line part 11 is a cylindrical round punched article.
The mass ratio of carbon fiber, acrylic fiber (wool), and acrylic fiber (span) in the water purification material was carbon fiber: acrylic fiber (wool): acrylic fiber (span) = 32: 28: 4. The carbon fiber and acrylic fiber (wool yarn) in the branch line portion 13 had a mass ratio of carbon fiber and acrylic fiber (wool yarn) of 1: 1.
Moreover, carbon fiber and acrylic fiber (span) were inserted into the water purification material as a core material. The mass ratio of the main line and branch line carbon fibers, the core carbon fiber, and the core acrylic fiber (span) is the main line and branch line carbon fiber: the core carbon fiber: the core acrylic fiber. (Span) = 30: 2: 2.
In addition, the water purification material produced the thing with the length of the main line part 11 of 1 m, and 1.8 m.

実施例２の水浄化材を用いて、上記試験１および下記試験２、３をおこなった。
（試験１：バッチ試験）
タテ２．５ｍ、ヨコ１．２ｍ、高さ２ｍの槽に、小松精練株式会社から排出される水処理前の排水６ｍ３を入れ、その中に長さ１ｍの水浄化材２００本、１．８ｍの水浄化材を２００本吊り下げた。その水浄化材の上下は紐を用いて固定した。
次いで、小松精練株式会社において水処理に用いている微生物（種菌：ＭＬＳＳ１４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）を１０リットル／日投入して、水処理を開始した。水処理の際には、水中の溶存酸素が２〜３ｍｇ／Ｌとなるように曝気した。
試験後の実施例２の水浄化材では、枝線部の炭素繊維が、微生物の付着による集束が抑制され、開繊性が高くなっていた。そのため、図３に示すように、繊維が広がった状態で微生物Ａが付着しており、微生物Ａの付着量が多かった。 Using the water purification material of Example 2, the above test 1 and the following tests 2 and 3 were performed.
(Test 1: Batch test)
Vertical 2.5 m, horizontal 1.2 m, the bath height 2m, put drainage 6 m 3 before the water treatment discharged from Komatsu Seiren Co., water purification material 200 present a length of 1m therein, 1. 200 pieces of 8 m water purification material were hung. The top and bottom of the water purification material were fixed using strings.
Subsequently, 10 microliters / day of microorganisms (inoculum: MLSS 14000 mg / L) used for water treatment at Komatsu Seiren Co., Ltd. were introduced to start water treatment. During the water treatment, aeration was performed so that the dissolved oxygen in water was 2 to 3 mg / L.
In the water purifying material of Example 2 after the test, the carbon fiber in the branch line portion was prevented from focusing due to adhesion of microorganisms, and the fiber opening property was high. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the microorganism A was attached in a state where the fibers spread, and the amount of the microorganism A attached was large.

（試験２：連続処理試験）
試験１の後、処理した水を取り除き、再度、前記の槽に小松精練株式会社から排出される水処理前の排水を連続供給した。排水の供給量は０．５ｍ３／ｈとし、これに合わせて微生物（種菌：ＭＬＳＳ１４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）も連続投入（１リットル／日）して、水処理を施した。水処理の際には、試験１と同様に水中の溶存酸素が２〜３ｍｇ／Ｌとなるように曝気した。また、槽内の滞留時間はおよそ１２時間とした。 (Test 2: Continuous treatment test)
After the test 1, the treated water was removed, and the waste water before water treatment discharged from Komatsu Seiren Co., Ltd. was continuously supplied to the tank again. The amount of wastewater supplied was 0.5 m 3 / h, and in accordance with this, microorganisms (inoculum: MLSS 14000 mg / L) were also continuously added (1 liter / day) to perform water treatment. At the time of water treatment, aeration was performed so that dissolved oxygen in water was 2 to 3 mg / L as in Test 1. The residence time in the tank was about 12 hours.

実施例２では、曝気に要する電気代が４０円、余剰汚泥発生量が０．５ｋｇ／日であり、排水処理に要する費用等を大幅に削減できた。
上記水浄化材を用いない従来の排水処理方法では、処理能力が低く、実施例２の条件では水処理できなかった。すなわち、従来の排水処理において、実施例２と同程度にまで浄化するためには、１２ｍ３／日（０．５ｍ３／ｈ）の流入量で、容積１２ｍ３の処理槽を必要とし、滞留時間が２４時間、曝気に要する電気代が１８０円／日、余剰汚泥発生量が５ｋｇ／日であった。 In Example 2, the electricity cost required for aeration was 40 yen and the amount of surplus sludge generated was 0.5 kg / day, and the costs required for wastewater treatment could be greatly reduced.
In the conventional wastewater treatment method that does not use the water purification material, the treatment capacity is low, and water treatment cannot be performed under the conditions of Example 2. That is, in order to purify to the same level as in Example 2 in the conventional wastewater treatment, a treatment tank having a volume of 12 m 3 is required with an inflow rate of 12 m 3 / day (0.5 m 3 / h) and staying. The time was 24 hours, the electricity bill required for aeration was 180 yen / day, and the amount of surplus sludge generated was 5 kg / day.

（試験３：メンテナンス性試験）
試験２の後の微生物が付着した水浄化材に家庭用散水ホースを用いて水をかけて、微生物を除去させた。その際の、微生物の除去のしやすさにより、メンテナンス性を評価した。
その結果、実施例２では、微生物を除去することができた。対比のため、組紐を構成する繊維が炭素繊維のみからなること以外は実施例２と同様の実施例１の水浄化材を用いて排水処理した後、メンテナンス性を評価したところ、微生物の除去は困難であった。 (Test 3: Maintenance test)
The water purification material to which the microorganisms after Test 2 were adhered was sprayed with water using a household watering hose to remove the microorganisms. Maintenance was evaluated based on the ease of removal of microorganisms.
As a result, in Example 2, microorganisms could be removed. For comparison, except that the fibers constituting the braid consist of only carbon fibers, after drainage treatment using the water purification material of Example 1 similar to Example 2, the maintenance properties were evaluated. It was difficult.

本発明の水浄化材は、優れた水の浄化能力を有するため、滞留しやすい湖沼水の処理や、工場などから排出される排水の連続処理を行うこともできる。   Since the water purification material of the present invention has an excellent water purification capability, it can also perform the treatment of lake water that tends to stay or the continuous treatment of wastewater discharged from a factory or the like.

１１ 本線部
１２，１３ 枝線部 11 Main lines 12, 13 Branch lines

Claims (4)

少なくとも炭素繊維を含む組紐を備えることを特徴とする水浄化材。   A water purification material comprising a braid including at least carbon fiber. 前記組紐が、本線部と、該本線部の側面から組紐を構成する炭素繊維の一部が突出して前記本線部の側面に設けられた枝線部とを有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の水浄化材。   The said braid has a main line part, and the branch line part provided in the side surface of the said main line part by protruding a part of carbon fiber which comprises a braid from the side surface of this main line part. Water purification material as described. 前記組紐が、炭素繊維以外の少なくとも１種の他の繊維をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の水浄化材。   The water purification material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the braid further includes at least one other fiber other than carbon fibers. 前記他の繊維が、アクリル繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ビニロン繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維からなる群から選ばれる１種以上の繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の水浄化材。   The water according to claim 3, wherein the other fibers include one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, vinylon fibers, nylon fibers, and polyvinylidene chloride fibers. Purifying material.
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CN104532466A (en) * 2015-01-12 2015-04-22 武汉环天禹生物环保科技有限公司 Deformable carbon fiber ecological grass fabric, weaving method and weaving device

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