JP2014037494A - Charge method of coal to coke oven - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent carbon sticking to a riser tube basement of a coke oven effectively.SOLUTION: When an upper part of coal 3 charged from a charging car 2 to a coke oven chamber 1 is leveled evenly by a leveling beam 8 equipped with an extruding machine, water is sprayed on the charged coal by the leveling beam 8 while charging the coal. Thereby, a carbon amount sticking to a riser tube basement of a chamber type coke oven is reduced effectively because moisture of the charged coal is regulated ideally by the leveling beam.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for charging coal into a chamber-type coke oven, and in particular, is a method aimed at reducing the amount of carbon adhering to the riser base of the chamber-type coke oven.

  A chamber-type coke oven that produces coke charged into a blast furnace has a carbonization chamber for carbonizing coal and a combustion chamber for supplying heat to the carbonization chamber alternately arranged in a sandwich shape. Is 6 to 7m long, 15 to 17m long, and about 0.45m wide.

  In such a coke oven, about 30 tons of raw coal is charged into the carbonization chamber at once and calcined to about 1000 ° C. with a dry distillation time of about 24 hours to form a coke cake (hereinafter simply referred to as coke). And extruded from a coke oven by an extruder. The red hot coke discharged from the coke oven is then extinguished and cooled by wet cooling with water spray or dry cooling with inert gas.

  In the carbonization chamber of a coke oven that produces such coke, coal dry distillation gas (COG), tar, etc. are generated along with the carbonization of coal, and these pass through the upper space of the carbonization chamber and then pass through the riser to the furnace. Be guided out.

  However, a part of the coal dry distillation gas or tar is thermally decomposed while passing through the upper space of the carbonization chamber, so that a substance mainly composed of carbon is deposited, and is firmly attached to a brick wall such as a ceiling of the carbonization chamber, or It grows in a band in the carbonization chamber. Pyrolytic carbon (hereinafter simply referred to as carbon) is a material that adheres firmly to a brick wall such as the ceiling of the carbonization chamber or that has grown into a band shape in the carbonization chamber.

  If this carbon grows and grows, there will be poor coalation due to a decrease in the opening ratio of the coal hole provided in the ceiling of the carbonization chamber, and poor extrusion due to increased furnace wall resistance during coke extrusion. Cause serious trouble.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for forcibly introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a carbonization chamber through a coaling hole and releasing a combustion gas through a riser pipe. Is disclosed.

  In the case of the method described in Patent Document 1, the oxygen-containing gas forcibly introduced into the carbonization chamber and the gas after the carbon burns pass through the base of the riser and are provided at the upper part of the riser It will be emitted from the part (canopy).

  The temperature of the gas passing at this time is high, and particularly the temperature of the riser base is higher than 1000 ° C. Therefore, when coal is charged into the carbonization chamber after burning off the carbon, the temperature of the riser base is high. Carbon is more likely to adhere to the brick part. Therefore, even if the carbon adhering to a place other than the base of the riser can be removed, the carbon adhering to the base of the riser becomes a vicious circle that increases.

  In order not to cause the above problem, when coal is charged until the temperature of the riser base is lowered, the operation schedule is delayed and the production amount is reduced.

  Patent Document 2 discloses that coal cut out from a coal hopper mounted on a coal trolley is charged into a carbonization chamber of a coke oven, and then introduced into the charged coal from a fountain nozzle attached to a leveling beam. A method is disclosed in which water is sprinkled and the moisture content of the coal charged in the upper part of the carbonization chamber is adjusted.

  The method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method in which a sprinkling pipe and a sprinkling nozzle are installed in the leveling beam section, and the coal in the carbonization chamber is sprinkled. Accordingly, the apparatus is corroded by corrosive components (S, Cl) in the coal dry distillation gas, causing water leakage, and troubles such as clogging of the watering nozzle due to adhesion of tar components are likely to occur.

  In addition, when the leveling beam is stopped for a long time due to some trouble in the carbonization chamber, there is a risk that water directly contacts the hot meteorite bricks, and it is extremely difficult to maintain stable operation of the apparatus.

  In addition, when the leveling beam is pulled back from the carbonization chamber, the charged coal is pulled out together, so that there is a problem that coal with increased moisture does not remain in the carbonization chamber. Hereinafter, the charging coal drawn when the leveling beam is pulled out is referred to as “return coal”.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which high-moisture-containing coal having a higher moisture content than the charged raw coal is disposed on the upper portion of the raw coal charged in the carbonization chamber.

  In order to charge 1-15 mass% high moisture content coal of the total charge coal quantity by the method disclosed by this patent document 3, two types of coal storage hoppers for low moisture and high moisture are arranged. This is necessary, and it will be difficult to use existing facilities such as an additional storage hopper and an additional coal tank equipped with high moisture content coal.

  Also, because of the structure of the coke oven, the riser base is far away from the coal loading hole, so that it is possible to selectively charge high moisture content coal into the upper portion of the charge coal located below the riser pipe base. Extremely difficult.

  In addition, when raising the coal water | moisture content of 15 mass% of charging coal amount by the method described in patent document 2, the quantity of the water to sprinkle increases and the problem which the method disclosed by patent document 2 has is the same. Occurs.

JP-A-61-231084 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-8062 JP 2000-129266 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the conventional methods cannot effectively suppress carbon adhering to the riser base of the coke oven.

The method of charging coal into the coke oven of the present invention is as follows:
In order to effectively suppress carbon adhering to the riser base of the coke oven,
When the upper part of the coal charged into the carbonization chamber from the coal loading car is uniformly leveled using the leveling beam mounted on the extruder,
The main feature is that water is sprayed on the coal to be charged while charging the coal using the leveling beam.

  In the present invention, when the upper part of the coal charged in the carbonization chamber is uniformly leveled using a leveling beam, water is sprayed on the coal to be charged while charging the coal using the leveling beam. It is possible to optimally adjust the moisture content of the coal to be charged using the leveling beam.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to optimally adjust the water content of the coal to be charged using the leveling beam, so that it is possible to effectively reduce the amount of carbon adhering to the riser base portion of the chamber type coke oven. .

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the carbonization chamber of the coke oven to which the method of the present invention is applied. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the furnace wall temperature T of a carbonization chamber upper part, the moisture MO contained in coal, and the adhesion amount of the carbon to the furnace wall of a carbonization chamber. It is the figure which showed transition of the base temperature of a riser at the time of normal operation. It is a figure explaining the outline of the combustion removal work of carbon. It is the figure which showed transition of the base temperature of a riser at the time of implementing the combustion removal operation | work of carbon. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the carbonization chamber of the coke oven explaining a leveling operation. It is the figure which showed the small lid provided in the furnace lid, (a) is the figure seen from the same direction as FIG.1, 6, (b) is a side view of the figure (a). It is the figure which showed the influence which the moisture content of a return charcoal has on the base temperature of a riser.

  The present invention aims to effectively suppress carbon adhering to the riser base of the coke oven, and when the upper part of the coal charged into the carbonization chamber is uniformly leveled using a leveling beam, the leveling beam This was realized by spraying water on the coal to be charged while charging the coal using

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coking chamber of a coke oven to which the method of the present invention is applied.

  Reference numeral 1 denotes a coking oven carbonization chamber. Coal is charged into the inside of the carbonization chamber 1 from a coal hopper mounted on the coal-equipped vehicle 2 through a coal-filling hole 1a provided on the ceiling, and is dry-distilled. Coal dry distillation gas (COG) is generated with this dry distillation.

  The generated coal dry distillation gas contains hydrocarbon gas, and this coal dry distillation gas is pyrolyzed on the high-temperature brick surface inside the carbonization chamber 1 to generate carbon. The generated coal dry distillation gas is led from the ascending pipe 4 to the gas pipe for gas purification through the upper space 1b above the coal 3 charged into the carbonization chamber 1, as indicated by the white arrow.

  It is well known that the longest contact time due to the passage of the coal dry distillation gas generated at this time is the base of the riser 4, and the most carbon adheres to this base.

  The carbon deposition rate is as follows: coal loading W in the carbonization chamber 1, cross-sectional area A of the generated coal dry distillation gas, carbonization time t, volatile matter VM of coal 3, furnace wall temperature T of carbonization chamber 1, coal 3 This is related to moisture Mo contained in.

  In order to elucidate the adhesion mechanism of carbon on the upper part of the carbonization chamber 1, the inventors used a test apparatus or the like to determine from the furnace wall temperature T on the upper side of the carbonization chamber 1 and the moisture Mo contained in the coal 3 in FIG. 2. The relationship of carbon adhesion amount as shown was derived.

  In addition, as a result of precise measurement of the base temperature of the riser 4 during dry distillation by the inventors, the higher the furnace wall temperature T of the carbonization chamber 1 and the lower the moisture Mo contained in the coal 3, the lower the carbonization chamber 1. It has been found that the rate of carbon deposition on the furnace wall increases.

  The transition of the base temperature of the riser 4 during normal operation is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the base temperature of the riser 4 from the charging of the coal 3 into the carbonization chamber 1 to immediately before the coke extrusion is 850 ° C. or less. This temperature of 850 ° C. or lower is a temperature range in which the amount of carbon adhesion is very small when viewed from the relationship of FIG.

  In the work process of discharging the coke from the carbonization chamber 1, the gas piping that sucks the generated coal dry distillation gas is shut off and the coke is extruded. Just before this, the coal dry distillation gas is discharged from the inside of the carbonization chamber 1 to the outside. There is work to burn and diffuse. Hereinafter, the operation of burning and diffusing the coal dry distillation gas from the inside of the carbonization chamber 1 to the outside is referred to as “edge cutting operation”.

  At the time of this edge cutting operation, in order to burn off the carbon 5 adhering to the inner wall of the carbonization chamber 1, as shown in FIG. 4, the outside air is introduced by opening the charring hole 1 a formed in the ceiling of the carbonization chamber 1. An operation for burning carbon 5 is generally performed.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the base temperature of the riser 4 at the time of combustion temporarily becomes 1000 ° C. or higher, but when the operation time is short, the base temperature of the riser 4 at the time of charging the coal 3. Since the temperature decreases to 850 ° C. or less, the adhesion amount of carbon 5 decreases.

  When the amount of carbon adhering to the inner wall of the carbonization chamber 1 increases, the time for introducing the outside air is lengthened, or a large amount of oxygen-containing gas is forcibly blown into the carbonization chamber 1 as described in Patent Document 1. Thus, the carbon 5 is burned and removed.

  However, as a result of experiments by the inventors, the base temperature of the riser 4 becomes 1200 ° C. or higher as shown in FIG. Turned out to be.

  From this, the inventors considered that charging the coal 3 into the carbonization chamber 1 at such a high temperature was the main factor of carbon adhesion to the base of the riser 4.

  That is, if the base temperature of the riser 4 is lowered to 850 ° C. or less immediately before the carbonization of the carbonization chamber 1, carbon growth at the base of the riser 4 can be suppressed. Et al., Even if the carbon combustion time of the carbonization chamber 1 is increased by making the water content of the coal 3 charged into the upper part of the carbonization chamber 1 larger than the water content of the coal 3 already charged. It was considered that an increase in the amount of carbon adhered to the base of the riser 4 can be suppressed.

  By the way, the coal 3 cut out from a plurality of coal hoppers mounted on the coal car 2 is charged into the carbonizing chamber 1 through the plurality of coaling holes 1 a of the carbonizing chamber 1. At the stage where the charging of the coal 3 into the carbonization chamber 1 is completed, a pile of coal is formed immediately below the plurality of coal loading holes 1a, so that the surface of the charged coal 3 is as shown in FIG. In addition, the portion directly below the coal loading hole 1a is high, and low unevenness is generated between the adjacent coal loading holes 1a. In addition, about four said carbonization holes 1a are normally provided.

  If irregularities exist on the surface of the charged coal 3, the operation will be adversely affected. To eliminate this, the small lid 7 (see FIG. 7) provided on the top of the furnace lid 6 is opened, The mounted leveling beam 8 is inserted into the inside of the carbonization chamber 1, and the operation of leveling the concavo-convex surface is performed by repeating the forward and backward movement.

  At this time, when the leveling beam 8 is moved forward and backward, a part of the coal 3 charged inside the carbonizing chamber 1 is scraped out through the small lid 7 on the leveling beam 8, and this scraped return. Charcoal is collected in a hopper 9 provided in the extruder.

  The returned coal recovered in the hopper 9 is returned again to the inside of the carbonization chamber 1 through the leveling beam 8 from the flow conveyor 10 at the next carbonization and leveling operation in the carbonization chamber 1.

  Therefore, immediately before the return charcoal from the leveling beam 8 is charged again into the carbonization chamber 1, the water content of the return charcoal is increased by watering the return charcoal with the water spray nozzle 11 installed immediately above the leveling beam 8. The return charcoal having an increased water content is charged into the upper part of the coal 3 charged in the carbonization chamber 1. This is the method of charging coal into the coke oven of the present invention.

  In the above description, the returned charcoal scraped from the carbonization chamber 1 by the leveling beam 8 is charged using the leveling beam 8 of the extruder, but the leveling beam 8 of the extruder according to the present invention is used. It goes without saying that the coal to be charged is not limited to the return coal scraped from the carbonization chamber 1 by the leveling beam 8.

  When the leveling beam 8 is withdrawn, there is a possibility that the return coal having an increased water content may be returned to the extruder again. If it is known in advance that the carbon removal of the carbonization chamber 1 will be performed, If the coal loaded in 2 is reduced in advance, it is possible to charge a large amount of return coal whose water content is increased from the extruder.

  In addition, when a large amount of carbon 5 adheres to the base of the riser 4, the moisture content is increased by extremely reducing the amount of coal on the riser side of the hopper mounted on the coal-mounted vehicle 2. It is also possible to distribute a large amount of returned charcoal.

  Since the moisture content of the return coal varies depending on the situation inside the carbonization chamber 1, if the moisture content of the return coal is measured in advance, it can be set back to an arbitrary moisture.

  In addition, when charging the coal 3 from the coal loading vehicle 2 to the carbonization chamber 1, the charging amount from the coal loading hole 1 a closest to the rising pipe 4 is set to the amount of charging other than the charging hole 1 a closest to the rising pipe 4. It is effective to charge less than the average value of the amount charged from the hole 1a. Specifically, the amount of coal put into the hopper of the coal-equipped vehicle 2 corresponding to the coal-filling hole 1a closest to the rising pipe 4 may be reduced.

  The amount of coal 3 charged into the carbonization chamber 1 may be determined by the degree of carbon 5 adhesion, etc., but the average value of the amount charged from the coaling holes 1a other than the coaling hole 1a closest to the riser 4 It is desirable to ensure 50% by mass or more.

  When the amount of coal charged from the coal charging hole 1a closest to the riser 4 is less than 50% by mass of the amount charged from the other charging holes 1a, the charged coal is placed on the upper part of the charged coal. Since coal with higher moisture content is charged, carbonization of high-moisture coal is locally delayed, adversely affecting coke quality, and the amount of return coal accumulated in the extruder cannot be compensated. This is because the amount of coke produced in the carbonization chamber will be reduced.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the coke oven with a height of 7.125 m, a length of 16.5 m, a width of 0.45 m, and a coal loading of 39 tons / kiln, as shown in FIG. A watering nozzle 11 was installed immediately above the nozzle.

  90% by mass of coal (water content 6.5% by mass) of the total charge in the carbonization chamber 1 is charged into the carbonization chamber 1 from the coal loading car 2, and then the unevenness of the top of the charge coal is leveled. Occasionally, 10% by mass of the total amount of return coal was placed on the top of the charge coal and placed on the beam 8 and charged.

  At that time, an opening is provided in the flow conveyor casing, the moisture of the return charcoal before watering is measured with an infrared moisture meter, and water is sprinkled from the watering nozzle 11 before charging the return charcoal to increase the water content to 40% by mass. I let you.

  The amount of return charcoal placed on the leveling beam 8 and returned to the carbonization chamber 1 is calculated by the capacity of the flow conveyor [ton / Hr] × the charging time [Hr], while the amount of water sprinkled from the watering nozzle 11 ( The watering flow rate [ton / Hr] × watering time [Hr]) was controlled by controlling the watering time.

  According to the method of the present invention, carbon adhering conditions when water is poured into the return coal that is placed on the leveling beam 8 and returned to the carbonizing chamber 1 and when water is not poured during normal operation, are shown for the base temperature of the riser 4 in each case. As shown in FIG.

  In the case of the method of the present invention, the carbon combustion time is longer than that in the normal operation, and the temperature is also close to 1300 ° C., but the base temperature of the riser 4 gradually decreases immediately after the coal is charged. It became 850 degrees C or less.

  Table 1 shows the results of investigating the opening ratio of the riser base when water is poured into the return coal that is placed on the leveling beam 8 and returned to the carbonization chamber 1 by the method of the present invention, and when water is not poured during normal operation. Shown in

  The aperture ratio in Table 1 is obtained from the image obtained by photographing an ascending pipe 4 from the inside of the carbonization chamber 1 by inserting an observation device into the carbonization chamber 1 from the small lid 7 provided in the furnace lid 6. . The empty kiln in Table 1 means that the carbonization chamber 1 after discharging coke is not charged with the coal 3 for the next dry distillation, and the inside of the carbonization chamber 1 by air for several hours or more. The opening ratio is 100% at the time of starting up from an empty kiln by burning off the carbon adhering to.

  In the case of the method of the present invention in which the water content is increased by watering the return charcoal, as shown in FIG. 8, the base temperature of the riser 4 is reduced as compared to the case where watering is not performed on the return charcoal. As shown in Table 1, the opening ratio after 12 months from the start of the empty kiln was changed from 69% to 93%, and the amount of carbon attached to the base of the riser 4 was also greatly reduced.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples, and the embodiments may be appropriately changed within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization chamber 1a Charging hole 1b Upper space 2 Charging car 3 Coal 4 Climbing pipe 5 Carbon 6 Furnace lid 7 Small lid 8 Leveling beam 9 Hopper 10 Flow conveyor 11 Sprinkling nozzle

Claims (4)

When uniformly leveling the upper part of the coal charged into the carbonization chamber from the coal-coating car using the leveling beam mounted on the extruder,
A method for charging coal into a coke oven, wherein water is sprayed on the coal to be charged while charging the coal using the leveling beam.   2. The coke oven according to claim 1, wherein when charging the coal using the leveling beam, the water content of the coal is measured and the water spray amount is adjusted to be a predetermined water content. Coal charging method.   When charging coal into the carbonization chamber from the coal loading car, the average value of the charging amount from the charging hole closest to the riser pipe, and from the charging hole other than the charging hole closest to the rising pipe The method for charging coal into the coke oven according to claim 1 or 2, wherein charging is performed with a smaller amount.   Coal charged into the coke oven according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coal charged using the leveling beam is charged coal scraped from the carbonization chamber with the leveling beam. Charging method.

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