JP2014037457A - Solid fuel, production method of the same, and production apparatus of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method of a solid fuel in which the solid fuel is mainly produced from organic refuse such as sewage sludge and RPF production raw material and where bad odor is hardly generated.SOLUTION: A production method of a solid fuel 17 includes: an aging process in which an organic refuse 12 in which a moisture percentage content is adjusted to exceeding 10 mass% and less than 60 mass% and is held in a temperature atmosphere of exceeding 15°C and less than 80°C for exceeding 6 hours and less than 168 hours to obtain an aging refuse 13; a mixing process in which a mixed raw material 15 including the aging refuse 13 and RPF production raw material 14 is obtained; and a molding process in which a molded body 16 is obtained from the mixed raw material 15.

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel, a manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing apparatus thereof.

Conventionally, organic waste such as sewage sludge is effectively used as fertilizer by composting, and is limited to reuse at cement companies. Most of them are dehydrated and incinerated. After processing, it has been disposed of in landfills.
Therefore, in recent years, methods for effectively using the amount of heat held by organic waste as fuel have been actively studied. However, when organic waste is used as a fuel, there is a problem that a bad odor peculiar to sludge is generated and a calorific value is somewhat low as an alternative fuel such as coal.

In order to use organic waste as a fuel, there are roughly two treatment methods: carbonization treatment and drying treatment.
Since most of the odor components are removed from the product produced by carbonization, there are relatively few problems related to the generation of malodor. However, compared with the drying process, the carbonization process requires a lot of input energy and volatilizes many organic components from organic waste. There was a drawback of reducing the amount of heat of waste.

  The drying treatment method is more advantageous than the carbonization treatment in terms of the cost related to the input energy and the amount of recovered energy that can be used, but it has been a major problem that a bad odor peculiar to sludge remains. In particular, products manufactured by the dry treatment method have a stronger odor due to water absorption, and the quality as a fuel is significantly reduced. Therefore, measures for highly durable odors and measures to stabilize the quality are necessary. It was.

  On the other hand, RPF (Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel) is a solid fuel of stable quality by using industrial waste as a raw material whose generation history is clear. However, since there is a limit to the amount of raw material supplied for producing high-quality RPF, methods for producing solid fuel by mixing organic waste with RPF are being studied.

For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method of obtaining a water-repellent solid fuel by blending a melting raw material with an infusible combustible waste, heating and melting the plastic with an extrusion molding machine, and dispersing and kneading the whole. Yes.
Moreover, in patent document 2, RPF is manufactured using the combustible waste and waste plastic which extracted by removing the noncombustible material from the mixed waste, and the dry organic substance which performed the drying process to the high-moisture organic waste. A method is described.

  Furthermore, since a solid fuel prepared by blending raw materials such as RPF with organic waste has a high temperature immediately after production, it must be handled with care, and measures against ignition may be required even during storage. In this regard, Patent Document 3 describes a cooling system for cooling waste solidified fuel obtained by compressing and solidifying waste.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-40398 JP 2010-227779 A JP 2007-119652 A

  However, the conventional solid fuel described in Patent Literatures 1 to 3 and the like, and the waste that has been recycled, may generate a bad odor.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel that is mainly produced from organic waste such as sewage sludge and an RPF production raw material and does not easily generate malodor, a production method thereof, and a production apparatus thereof.

The inventor has intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has completed the present invention.
The present invention includes the following (1) to (9).
(1) Organic waste whose moisture content is adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass is held in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours to obtain an aged waste product Aging process,
A mixing step of obtaining a mixed raw material containing the aging waste and the RPF manufacturing raw material;
A molding step of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material;
A method for producing a solid fuel.
(2) The method for producing a solid fuel according to (1), further comprising an attaching step of attaching a deodorant to at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body. .
(3)
It is a step of spraying a solution containing the deodorant onto at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material and the molded product, or the molded product is applied to the solution containing the deodorant. The method for producing a solid fuel according to the above (2), which is a step of immersing the fuel.
(4) The aging step includes
The solid fuel production according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the organic waste is a step of obtaining an aged waste by further performing aeration treatment when the organic waste is held in the temperature atmosphere. Method.
(5) A solid fuel produced by the method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
(6) a dryer capable of obtaining an organic waste having a moisture content adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass;
An aging tank capable of maintaining the inside at a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. and holding the organic waste therein for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours;
A mixer capable of mixing the aging waste and the RPF production raw material to obtain a mixed raw material;
A molding machine capable of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material;
A deodorizing apparatus for treating exhaust gas discharged from the aging tank and / or the molding machine;
An apparatus for producing solid fuel.
(7) The solid fuel according to (6), further including an attaching unit that sprays a solution containing the deodorant on at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body. Manufacturing equipment.
(8) The solid fuel production apparatus according to (6) or (7), further including an immersion tank that immerses the molded body discharged from the molding machine in a solution containing the deodorant.
(9) The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of (6) to (8), wherein the solid fuel production method according to any one of (1) to (4) can be performed.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is a solid fuel manufactured mainly from organic wastes, such as sewage sludge, and a RPF manufacturing raw material, Comprising: The solid fuel which is hard to generate | occur | produce a malodor, its manufacturing method, and its manufacturing apparatus can be provided. .
Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a solid fuel that is less likely to generate malodor and that is cooled even immediately after production and is safe in handling, a production method thereof, and a production apparatus thereof. it can.

It is the schematic which shows the suitable aspect of the apparatus of this invention.

The present invention will be described.
In the present invention, an organic waste whose moisture content is adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass is kept in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours. A solid fuel production method comprising: an aging step to be obtained; a mixing step for obtaining a mixed raw material containing the aging waste and the RPF production raw material; and a molding step for obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material.
Hereinafter, such a method for producing a solid fuel is also referred to as “the production method of the present invention”.

In addition, the present invention provides a dryer capable of obtaining an organic waste having a moisture content adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass, and maintains the interior in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. From the aging tank capable of holding the organic waste for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours, a mixer capable of obtaining a mixed raw material by mixing the aging waste and the RPF production raw material, and the mixed raw material An apparatus for producing a solid fuel, comprising: a molding machine capable of obtaining a molded body; and a deodorizing apparatus for treating exhaust gas discharged from the aging tank and / or the molding machine.
Hereinafter, such a solid fuel production apparatus is also referred to as “the apparatus of the present invention”.

  The production method of the present invention is preferably performed using the apparatus of the present invention.

  First, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.

<Aging process>
The aging step provided in the production method of the present invention will be described.
In the aging step, first, an organic waste whose water content is adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass is obtained.
If the water content of the organic waste is too high, the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to increase. For example, when sewage sludge is used as an organic waste, if the water content is too high, odors such as hydrogen sulfide odor, fatty acid odor and ammonia odor derived from sludge tend to become strong. In this case, it may be necessary to reduce the ratio of organic waste to RPF production raw material.

The water content of the organic waste is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 35% by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 50 mass% or less, and it is more preferable that it is 45 mass% or less.
This is because the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to be lower.

  In the present invention, the moisture is measured by holding a 50 g measurement object (for example, organic waste) in a dryer adjusted to 105 ° C. for 20 hours, and calculating the mass reduced by this drying treatment as moisture. It shall mean the desired value.

  An organic waste means a waste that contains an organic component and generates heat when burned and has a moisture content adjusted to more than 10 mass% and less than 60 mass%. Representative examples of sewage sludge, human waste sludge, food waste (food waste, shochu, coffee lees, etc.), livestock waste (cattle manure, pig manure, etc.), and their digested sludge, etc. What adjusted more than mass% and less than 60 mass% is mentioned.

  More specifically, with respect to sludge discharged from sewage treatment facilities, food factories, etc. and produced by water treatment by the activated sludge method or anaerobic digestion method, etc., the moisture content is more than 10% by mass and more than 60% by mass. What adjusted to less than is illustrated. When the organic waste is prepared by adjusting the moisture of such sludge, the calorific value is usually about 4000 to 5000 kacl / kg. Here, the calorific value of the organic waste is a value measured by a method defined in JIS-Z7302-2.

  The method for adjusting the moisture content to more than 10 mass% and less than 60 mass% when the moisture content is not in the range of more than 10 mass% and less than 60 mass% is not particularly limited. For example, when the moisture content is 60% by mass or more, for example, a conventionally known dehydration process such as centrifugal separation or a drying process using a dryer can be used.

  Properties of the organic waste components and the like are not particularly limited, and may be the same as ordinary sewage sludge, human waste sludge, food waste, livestock waste, and the like.

Sludge containing organic components that are discharged from sewage treatment facilities, food factories, etc. when water treatment is performed by the activated sludge method or anaerobic digestion method, etc., usually has a water content of 80 mass by centrifugal dehydration or compression dehydration. %, And the properties are clay-like soft bodies.
It is preferable to use organic waste in which such a sludge having a moisture content of about 80% by mass is dried to adjust the moisture content to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass. Here, the method for drying the sludge having a moisture content of about 80% by mass is not particularly limited. For example, a conventionally known method can be applied, but excessive heat is applied to the sludge to be dried. In order not to add, it is preferable to dry using an indirect heating type or reduced pressure heating type dryer.
When drying the sludge such as sewage sludge to obtain the organic waste, if the moisture content is lower than 10% by mass, the so-called burnt odor becomes stronger and, in addition, the drying treatment Excessive drying treatment is not preferred because of the increased input energy used.

  In the aging step, the organic waste obtained by adjusting the moisture content as described above is held in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours to obtain an aging waste product. .

Means for holding the organic waste in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours is not particularly limited, and for example, conventionally known means can be applied. For example, a known tank (aging tank) that can arbitrarily adjust the internal temperature can be used. An aged waste can be obtained by putting the organic waste in such a tank, adjusting the temperature in the tank to the above-mentioned predetermined temperature, and holding (storing) it for the above-mentioned predetermined time.
Aged waste can also be obtained by filling the organic waste in a bag-like container and placing it in the building adjusted to the predetermined temperature for the predetermined time.
Aged waste can also be obtained by simply stacking the organic waste into a mountain shape in the building adjusted to the above predetermined temperature and placing it for the above predetermined time.
In addition, when the organic waste is adjusted by heat treatment or the like, the organic waste is packed in a container or bag-like container and held (stored) for the predetermined time, so that it is aged and discarded. You can get things.

In the aging step, the organic waste whose water content is adjusted to be more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass is held in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours. It is preferable that it is a step of performing aeration treatment to obtain aged waste.
This is because the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to be lower.
The aeration process means a process in which when the organic waste is present in a specific temperature atmosphere, the gas (usually air) in the atmosphere does not stagnate. A specific example is a method in which the organic waste is present in a released atmosphere. More specifically, the organic waste is put into a tank having a hole communicating with the outside air, the temperature in the tank is adjusted to the predetermined temperature, and stored for the predetermined time. In addition, a method of filling the organic waste in a mesh bag and placing it in a building adjusted to the above predetermined temperature can be mentioned. Further, there is a method in which the organic waste is simply stacked in a mountain shape and placed in a building adjusted to the predetermined temperature.

The organic waste is kept in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. The temperature is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 28 ° C. or higher. Further, this temperature is preferably 65 ° C. or lower, more preferably 45 ° C. or lower.
This is because the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to be lower.

Further, the organic waste is kept in the temperature atmosphere of the specific temperature as described above for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours, and this time is preferably 12 hours or more, more preferably 48 hours or more. preferable. Further, this time is preferably 120 hours or less.
This is because the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to be lower.

  By such treatment, aged waste can be obtained.

  In the aging step provided in the production method of the present invention, it is considered that the odor contained in the organic waste adjusted to a specific water content is decomposed and removed by the action of microorganisms. In the aging process, the reaction in the process of changing from organic waste to aging waste is clearly different from the conventional composting reaction by microorganisms, and aeration, which is a general composting condition, is not necessarily required. No increase in temperature from about 50 ° C. to about 80 ° C. is observed, and the reaction time may be 1/10 or less of composting. Further, in general composting, an ammonia odor is generated at the beginning of the reaction due to protein degradation, but such a reaction does not occur in the aging process. Therefore, composting requires equipment such as heating, aeration and agitation, but the aging process provided in the production method of the present invention does not require special equipment, and the moisture content of organic waste, temperature and treatment time. If these conditions are satisfied, a container-like reaction tank may be used, or the reaction may be carried out in a bag-like container or in a yard.

<Mixing process>
The mixing process with which the manufacturing method of this invention is provided is demonstrated.
In the mixing step, a mixed raw material including the aging waste and the RPF manufacturing raw material is obtained.

The raw material for producing RPF will be described.
RPF usually means a high-calorie solid fuel made from waste plastic or waste paper that is difficult to recycle among industrial waste. In the production method of the present invention, the RPF production raw material means a raw material mainly composed of waste plastic or waste paper that can be used to produce such a normal RPF, but it has already become a form of solid fuel. RPF is also included.
Moreover, if it is a raw material which has a plastic and / or paper as a main component (the sum total of a plastic and paper shall be about 50 mass% or more), it shall be contained in the RPF manufacturing raw material in the manufacturing method of this invention. To do.

  The types of plastics (including waste plastics, the same shall apply hereinafter) that can be contained in the raw material for RPF production are not particularly limited, but those that do not generate toxic gas by combustion are preferred. For example, it is preferable to use polystyrene, polyethylene, or polypropylene.

  In addition to plastic and paper (including waste paper, the same applies hereinafter), examples of materials that may be contained in the RPF production raw material include waste wood.

The shape or the like of the RPF production raw material is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the raw material that can be used for producing a conventionally known RPF. For example, if it is a plastic contained in the RPF production raw material, the plastic may be in the form of a film or string having a grain size of about 0.1 to ⁵ mm and an area of about 1 to 300 mm ² . For example, if it is the paper which RPF manufacturing raw material contains, the paper may be a piece of paper with an area of about 0.01 to 400 mm ² .

  Moreover, the water content of the RPF production raw material is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the raw material that can be used for producing a conventionally known RPF, for example, a water content of 0 to 30% by mass. The water content of the RPF production raw material may be 1% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less.

In the mixing step provided in the production method of the present invention, the organic waste and the RPF production raw material as described above are mixed to obtain a mixed raw material. The total mass of the aging waste and the RPF production raw material (dry base) It is preferable to adjust the mixing ratio so that the ratio (mass%) of the mass (dry base) of the aging waste to 1 is 1 to 60 mass%.
Further, the mixing ratio is adjusted so that the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the aging waste (dry base) to the total mass (dry base) of the aging waste and the RPF production raw material is 1 to 30 mass%. More preferably.
This is because the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to be lower.

  In addition, in this invention, dry base shall mean based on components other than a water | moisture content. For example, when determining the mass of the aged waste on a dry base, the moisture content of the aged waste is measured in advance by the above-described method, and after measuring the mass of the aged waste in a water-containing state, The mass other than is calculated.

The ratio (mass%) of the mass (dry base) of the aged waste to the total mass (dry base) of the aged waste and the RPF production raw material in the mixed raw material is preferably 5% by mass or more. It is more preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and further preferably 30% by mass or more.
The solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention has low odor intensity even if the ratio of aging waste is increased.

The ratio (mass%) of the mass of the aging waste (dry base) to the total mass (dry base) of the aging waste and the RPF production raw material in the mixed raw material is preferably 60% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 40 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 30 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 25 mass% or less.
This is because the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention tends to be lower.

Examples of what the mixed raw material may contain as other components in addition to the aging waste and the RPF production raw material include wood waste such as sawdust and fiber waste.
The content of other components is preferably 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less in the mixed raw material.

  In the case of obtaining the mixed raw material by mixing the aging waste, the RPF production raw material, and other components as necessary, the mixing method is not particularly limited, and for example, a conventionally known method can be applied. For example, a method using a conventionally known mixer, a mixing method using a rotary driving body, a mixing method using vibration, or the like can be applied.

  In the mixing step, a mixed raw material including the aging waste and the RPF manufacturing raw material is obtained as described above.

<Molding process>
Next, the molding process included in the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.
In the molding step, a molded body is obtained from the mixed raw material.
A method of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material is not particularly limited, and for example, a conventionally known method applied when manufacturing RPF can be applied.
Specifically, for example, a molded body having a desired shape can be obtained by putting the mixed raw material into a briquette machine mold and performing compression processing while heating or after heating. Here, the heating is preferably performed at a temperature (usually about 130 to 160 ° C.) that softens the plastic contained in the mixed raw material. This is because the water repellency on the surface is improved, and a solid fuel that hardly absorbs water and does not lose its shape even when it comes into contact with water can be obtained.
Moreover, a molded object can also be obtained from the said mixed raw material using a conventionally well-known extrusion molding machine. Moreover, a molded object can also be obtained from the said mixed raw material using a conventionally well-known pellet mill.

  In addition, the mixing process in the said mixing process and the shaping | molding process in the said shaping | molding process can also be performed continuously using one apparatus. Even such a case is within the scope of the production method of the present invention.

<Adhesion process>
It is preferable that the production method of the present invention further includes an attaching step of attaching a deodorant to at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body.
According to the production method of the present invention having such an adhesion step, the obtained solid fuel is less likely to generate a bad odor and is cooled even immediately after production, which is very difficult to handle. It is preferable because it is safe.

  Further, when the attaching step is a step of attaching a deodorant to at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body, the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molding It is preferable to spray the solution containing the deodorant on at least one selected from the group consisting of bodies. Since the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body have low odor intensity, the amount of the deodorant used here can be reduced. Specifically, when a solution having a deodorant content of 0.1 to 3.0% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 2.0% by mass is sprayed, a solid fuel having a lower odor intensity is obtained. Is preferable. Further, it is preferable to add a deodorant to the molded body because it has a low odor intensity and is cooled even immediately after production, and a solid fuel that is very safe in handling can be obtained.

  It is preferable to spray 1-50 L per ton of the solution containing a deodorant at such a concentration on the aging waste, the mixed raw material or the molded body.

  Here, the method of spraying the solution containing the deodorant is not particularly limited, and for example, a conventionally known method can be applied. For example, the solution can be sprayed using a known spray.

When an adhesion process is a process of attaching a deodorant to the said molded object, it is preferable that it is a process of immersing the said molded object in the solution containing the said deodorizer.
Since the said molded object has low odor intensity | strength, the quantity of the deodorizer used here can be decreased. Specifically, when immersed in a solution having a deodorant content of 0.1 to 3.0 mass%, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 mass%, a solid fuel having a lower odor strength is obtained. Is preferable.

  The time for immersing the molded body in a solution containing a deodorant at such a concentration is preferably 0.5 to 10 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 3 seconds.

  The method of immersing the molded body in the solution containing the deodorant is not limited, but for example, a tank storing the solution containing the deodorant is prepared, and the method of immersing the molded body here or in the chain conveyor The method of storing the solution containing a deodorizer and immersing a molded object is mentioned.

  It is preferable to immerse the molded body in a solution containing the deodorant because the odor intensity is low, and further, it is cooled even immediately after production, and a very safe solid fuel can be obtained in handling. .

The deodorant used in the attaching step is not particularly limited. As a deodorant, odorous components are included, combined with such components to form a salt, chelate is formed and captured, or the odorous components are neutralized to evaporate into the atmosphere. Any substance can be used as long as the substance prevents the above. For example, surfactants such as anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polymer surfactants, various chelating substances such as EDTA, citric acid, Organic acids such as malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, etc. Although what was melt | dissolved in the medium is mentioned, it is preferable to use an amphoteric surfactant from viewpoints, such as ensuring safety | security of an operator, maintenance of surrounding environment, and the ease of handling.
Amphoteric surfactants have the following general formula:

(Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently a group selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group and a hydroxyalkenyl group). There are amino acid type surfactants having an isoelectric point, and betaine type surfactants that do not precipitate at the isoelectric point and act as surfactants at all pHs. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use a glycine type surfactant or a betaine type surfactant. Examples of such amphoteric surfactants include N-octadecane-N, N-dimethylglycine, N-octadecane-N, N diethylglycine, N-tetradecane-N, N-dimethylglycine, N-tetradecane-N, N- Examples include diethyl glycine, N-dodecane-N, N-methylmethyl glycine, N-dodecane-N, N-methylethyl glycine, betaine derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

  Further, as a deodorant that can be preferably used in the production method of the present invention, iron such as ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, polyferric sulfate, etc. Salts, aluminum salts such as aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, and polyaluminum chloride, and mixtures thereof in an aqueous medium, oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, limonene, cineol , Citral, linalool and other natural essential oils, and mixtures thereof, and those obtained by dissolving them in a suitable medium can also be used.

By such a production method of the present invention, a solid fuel as the molded body can be obtained.
The shape and size of the solid fuel are not particularly limited. For example, a cylindrical shape having a cross-sectional diameter of 3 to 40 mm (preferably 6 to 30 mm) and a length in the longitudinal direction of 1 to 10 cm (preferably 2 to 7 cm) can be used.

  The solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention can have a calorific value of 4000 to 8000 kcal / kg. Further, if the mixing ratio between the aging waste and the RPF production raw material is optimized, a solid fuel having the same calorific value (6850 kcal / kg) as coal and combustion characteristics can be obtained. In this case, the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used by an existing fuel utilization facility, for example, as an alternative fuel for coal.

Next, the suitable aspect of the apparatus of this invention is demonstrated using figures.
A preferred embodiment (solid fuel production apparatus 10) of the apparatus of the present invention described below is a solution containing the deodorant in at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body. And an immersion tank for immersing the molded body discharged from the molding machine in a solution containing the deodorant.
The apparatus of the present invention may not have these attachment means and immersion bath, but preferably has the attachment means and / or immersion bath.

A solid fuel production apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
The solid fuel production apparatus 10 maintains the interior of the dryer 1 capable of obtaining the organic waste 12 with the water content adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass, in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. The aging tank 2 capable of holding the organic waste 12 in the interior for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours, and the mixer capable of obtaining the mixed raw material 15 by mixing the aging waste 13 and the RPF production raw material 14 3, a molding machine 4 capable of obtaining a molded body 16 from the mixed raw material 15, a deodorizing device 6 for treating the aging tank 2 and the exhaust gas 33 discharged from the molding machine 4, the aging waste 13 and the mixed raw material 15 includes an attaching means 31 for spraying a solution containing a deodorant and an attaching means 32 for spraying a solution containing the deodorant onto the molded body 16 discharged from the molding machine 4.

  In the solid fuel production apparatus 10, the sludge 11 can be charged into the dryer 1 using the transport conveyor 21. Then, the sludge 11 can be dried by the dryer 1. As the sludge 11, sludge containing organic components that are discharged from a sewage treatment facility, a food factory, or the like when water is treated by an activated sludge method, an anaerobic digestion method or the like can be used.

The dryer 1 can adjust the moisture content of the sludge 11 to more than 10 mass% and less than 60 mass%. The dryer 1 can adjust the moisture content of the sludge 11 to preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and further preferably 35% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably Can be adjusted to 45% by mass or less.
As the dryer 1, a conventionally known dryer can be applied, but an indirect heating method or a reduced pressure heating method dryer is used so that excessive heat is not applied to the sludge 11 that is an object of the drying treatment. It is preferable that the dryer be dried.
From such a dryer 1, the organic waste 12 in which the water content is adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass is discharged.

  The aging tank 2 of the solid fuel production apparatus 10 keeps the interior in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C., and holds the organic waste 12 discharged from the dryer in the interior of more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours. It is a tank that can. In the aging tank 2, low-molecular organic compounds contained in the organic waste 12 and serving as odor sources can be decomposed and removed by the action of microorganisms.

  The aging tank 2 is capable of keeping the temperature atmosphere at preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 28 ° C. or higher, preferably 65 ° C. or lower, more preferably 45 ° C. or lower. is there.

  The aging tank 2 is capable of holding the organic waste 12 therein for preferably 12 hours or more, more preferably 48 hours or more, and preferably 120 hours or less.

  It is preferable that the aging tank 2 is provided with a means that can ventilate the organic waste 12 stored therein. This is because the effect of removing odor can be improved by aeration.

  The aging tank 2 is preferably provided with an exhaust facility. The solid fuel production apparatus 10 includes an odor removing apparatus (deodorizing apparatus 6) that processes the exhaust gas 33 exhausted from the aging tank 2. As described above, when the aging tank 2 is provided with means capable of ventilating the organic waste 12 stored therein, it is provided with an odor removing device (deodorizing device 6) for treating the exhausted exhaust gas 33. Is more preferable.

  In the solid fuel production apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1, the aging tank 2 is a tank, but in the apparatus of the present invention, the aging tank does not have to be a special reaction tank or container, and is an organic waste having a specific water content. Can be stored in a specific temperature range for a specific time. For example, it may be in a bag-like container that can be filled with organic waste.

In the solid fuel production apparatus 10, the aged waste 13 obtained by storage in the aging tank 2 can be charged into the mixer 3 using the transport conveyor 23. Further, the RPF production raw material 14 can be charged into the mixer 3 using the conveyor 22.
Here, by adjusting the transport amount (t / hour) of the aged waste 13 by the transport conveyor 23 and the transport amount (t / hour) of the RPF production raw material 14 by the transport conveyor 22, the mature waste 13 and the RPF The mixing ratio with the manufacturing raw material 14 can be adjusted.

  The solid fuel production apparatus 10 includes a conveyance conveyor 23 that conveys the aged waste 13 and a conveyance conveyor 22 that conveys the RPF production raw material 14. In the apparatus of the present invention, the maturation waste 13 and the RPF production raw material are provided. 14 can also be used.

The solid fuel production apparatus 10 includes a spray as the adhering means 31 for spraying a solution containing a deodorant on the aging waste 13. By this spraying, a solution containing a deodorant can be sprayed on the aged waste 13 conveyed by the conveyor 23 as necessary.
The adhering means 31 can spray a solution containing a deodorant on the mixed raw material 15 in addition to the aging waste 13. By the spray as the adhering means 31, a solution containing a deodorant can be sprayed on the mixed raw material 15 in the mixer 3 as necessary.

  A solution containing a deodorant by the adhering means 31 is preferably sprayed on the aging waste or the mixed raw material, preferably 1 to 50 L per ton.

  Thus, the mixed raw material 15 can be obtained by charging the aging waste 13 and the RPF production raw material 14 into the mixer 3 and then mixing them.

In the solid fuel production apparatus 10, the mixed raw material 15 obtained by mixing with the mixer 3 can be charged into the molding machine 4 using the conveyor 24.
A conventionally known machine can be used as the molding machine 4. For example, a compression granulation method or extrusion granulation type molding machine capable of heating the mixed raw material 15 at the time of molding can be preferably used.

  Moreover, in the apparatus of this invention, the molding machine provided with the function to mix an organic waste and a RPF manufacturing raw material can also be utilized. Even in such a case, it corresponds to the apparatus of the present invention.

  Since the solid fuel production apparatus 10 may generate water vapor with odor due to a molding operation (for example, heating / compression operation) by the molding machine 4, it is possible to perform exhaust processing using the deodorization apparatus 6. preferable.

  The molded body 16 is discharged from such a molding machine 4.

In the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 10, the molded body 16 discharged from the molding machine 4 can be transported to the storage location using the transport conveyor 25 through the molded body receiving unit 5.
Since the molded body 16 immediately after molding is high temperature, malodorous components are likely to be released. In addition, when it is necessary to take measures against ignition when leaving a large amount of the molded body 16 in the storage place, it is preferable to cool the molded body 16 immediately after molding with water. Moreover, the molded object 16 may produce a bad smell at the time of storage. Therefore, by attaching the liquid deodorant to the molded body 16 by the molded body receiving portion 5 and / or the conveyor 25 by the attaching means 32, the generation of bad odor is prevented, and the high-temperature molded body 16 is quickly removed. Can be cooled.

As the adhering means 32, spray can be used as in the adhering means 31 described above. Here, it is preferable to spray 1 to 50 L of liquid deodorant per ton of molded body.
Further, as the attaching means 32, there is a method of storing a deodorant water dilution liquid in the molded body receiving portion 5. By such a method, the molded body 16 can be immersed in the deodorant water diluted solution in the molded body receiving portion 5. Odor generation can be prevented and the high-temperature molded body 16 can be quickly cooled.

<Experiment 1>
Water-containing sludge was obtained by anaerobic digestion using organic sludge and food waste generated at sewage treatment plants. And the obtained water-containing sludge was hold | maintained in the dryer adjusted to 130 degreeC, and the drying process was performed. Here, by adjusting the drying time, 5 kg of six kinds of organic wastes each having a moisture content of 60% by mass, 50% by mass, 45% by mass, 35% by mass, 20% by mass, and 10% by mass are obtained. It was.
Next, each of the six types of organic waste was placed in a separate glass beaker and stored in a sealed temperature-controlled room set at 40 ° C. for 7 days. And the organic waste in a constant temperature room was sampled regularly, and the odor intensity of the organic waste was monitored.
In addition, the measuring method of odor intensity | strength fractionated 200g each about the obtained organic waste, and put each in a separate 5L odor analysis bag. Then, after the bag was filled with air subjected to odor removal treatment, the bag was stored at 30 ° C. After 24 hours, the odor intensity in the bag was analyzed using an odor sensor.
In each experiment below, the odor intensity is measured by the same method.
The results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, when the water content of the organic waste was 60% by mass and 10% by mass, the odor intensity was 5 and 4, respectively, and the odor peculiar to sludge was generated continuously for 7 days.
When the water content of the organic waste was 50% by mass and 20% by mass, the initial odor intensity was 4 respectively, and no change was observed until the 6th hour, but the odor intensity from the 12th hour to the 48th hour. Gradually decreased from 3 to 2 over time, and thereafter was stable from 48 hours to 120 hours. However, when the moisture content was 50% by mass, the odor intensity increased to 4 at 168 hours.
When the moisture content of the organic waste was 45% by mass and 35% by mass, the initial odor intensity was 4 and 3, respectively, and no change was observed until the 6th hour, but from the 12th hour to the 48th hour. The odor intensity gradually decreased from 2 to 1 with the passage of time, and thereafter was stable from 48 hours to 120 hours. However, at the 168th hour, when the water content of the organic waste was 45% by mass and 35% by mass, the odor intensity increased to 3 and 2, respectively.

As described above, when the organic waste that has been dried so that the water content is 50% by mass to 20% by mass is kept at 40 ° C., the odor intensity due to the aging effect is obtained in the period from the 12th hour to the 120th hour. A reduction effect was observed.
On the other hand, the organic waste having increased odor intensity at 168 hours had a remarkable increase in the odor of ammonia. Therefore, it is considered that the decomposition reaction of the high molecular organic compound was initiated by the so-called fermentation reaction. It was.

<Experiment 2>
The organic sludge generated in the sewage treatment plant was held in a dryer heated to 130 ° C. and dried to obtain an organic waste having a moisture content of 45% by mass. Then, 5 kg of the obtained organic waste was put into each of the six glass beakers prepared and sealed at 15 ° C., 20 ° C., 28 ° C., 45 ° C., 65 ° C. and 80 ° C., respectively. It was stored in a temperature-controlled room for 7 days. And the organic waste in a constant temperature room was sampled regularly, and the odor intensity of the organic waste was monitored.
Further, 5 kg of organic waste was put into a column container capable of aeration, and kept at 28 ° C. while aeration was applied to the column at a rate of 0.1 L / L-sludge / minute.
The results are shown in Table 2.

The odor intensity of the organic waste was 4 at the initial stage in any organic waste. When the reaction temperature was 15 ° C., the odor intensity did not change until 168 hours. When the reaction temperature was 80 ° C., the odor intensity became 3 at 12 hours, and thereafter, the odor intensity did not decrease.
When the reaction temperature was 20 ° C. or 65 ° C., the odor intensity became 3 at 12 hours, and thereafter, the odor intensity decreased to 2 by 72 hours. However, at 65 ° C., the odor intensity increased to 4 at 168 hours.
When the reaction temperature was 28 ° C. or 45 ° C., the odor intensity became 2 at 12 hours, and then the odor intensity decreased to 1 by 48 hours. Thereafter, the odor intensity was stable up to 120 hours, but the odor intensity increased to 2 and 3 at 168 hours at 28 ° C. and 45 ° C., respectively.
Further, when the aeration treatment was performed at a temperature setting of 28 ° C., the effect of reducing the odor intensity was recognized at an earlier stage than when the aeration treatment was not performed.

As described above, in the organic waste that has been dried so that the moisture content is 45% by mass, if the temperature is kept at a temperature of 20 ° C. to 65 ° C., the odor due to the aging effect in the period of the 12th to 120th hours. A strength reduction effect was observed.
Moreover, when the gentle ventilation was performed, the odor intensity reduction rate due to the aging effect was promoted.

<Experiment 3>
Water-containing sludge was obtained by anaerobic digestion using organic sludge and food waste generated at sewage treatment plants. And the obtained water-containing sludge was hold | maintained in the dryer, the drying process was performed, and the organic waste which made the water content 38 mass% was obtained.
Next, about 1 ton of organic waste obtained was put in a flexible container bag and kept in the building for 4 days to obtain aged waste. The temperature of the organic waste in the flexible container bag was about 45 ° C. after one day, and about 30 ° C. on the fourth day.

  Next, the aged waste obtained by being kept in the building for 4 days and the raw material for RPF production (mixed waste plastic and paper waste at a mass ratio of 60:40) were each 0.2 t / h, a molding machine equipped with a mixing device (Oguma Iron Works Co., Ltd.) using a raw material transfer conveyor at a speed of 0.8 t / h (ie, RPF production raw material: aged waste = 8: 2 mass ratio) To a dual pretizer). Then, the aged waste and the RPF production raw material were sufficiently mixed, and then the mixed raw material was compressed and molded at a temperature setting of 170 ° C. to obtain a solid fuel. Let the obtained solid fuel be "solid fuel [1]."

  As described above, the solid fuel [1] was produced using the aged waste. Next, the solid fuel was produced in the same manner using only the organic waste. That is, in the same manner as described above, organic sludge and food waste are subjected to anaerobic digestion, and the obtained hydrous sludge is dried to obtain an organic waste having a moisture content of 38% by mass. Then, the organic waste and the RPF production raw material are not matured at a rate of 0.2 t / h and 0.8 t / h, respectively (that is, the RPF production raw material: organic waste = 8: 2). Was fed into a molding machine equipped with a mixing device using a raw material conveyor. And after mixing organic waste and RPF manufacturing raw material fully, the mixed raw material was compressed and shape | molded by the temperature setting of 170 degreeC, and the solid fuel was obtained. Let the obtained solid fuel be "solid fuel [2]."

  Odor intensity was measured for the solid fuel [1] and the solid fuel [2] thus obtained. As a result, the odor intensity of the solid fuel [1] was 1 and almost no sludge odor was felt, whereas the odor intensity of the solid fuel [2] prepared without aging the organic waste was 3 The sludge smell was a little worrisome.

<Experiment 4>
Similar to the method for producing the solid fuel [1] in Experiment 3, anaerobic digestion was performed using organic sludge and food waste as raw materials, and the obtained water-containing sludge was subjected to a drying treatment to obtain a water content of 38% by mass. After obtaining the organic waste, the organic waste was kept in the building for 4 days to obtain an aged waste. Then, the aging waste and the RPF production raw material are respectively fed at a rate of 0.2 t / h and 0.8 t / h (that is, at a mass ratio of RPF production raw material: aging waste = 8: 2). Using a conveyer, it was put into a molding machine equipped with a mixing device.
Here, at the point where the aging waste was placed on the raw material transport conveyor, a liquid deodorant composed mainly of a betaine surfactant was sprayed onto the aging waste at a rate of 5 L / h.
Then, the aged waste and the RPF production raw material were sufficiently mixed, and then the mixed raw material was compressed and molded at a temperature setting of 170 ° C. to obtain a solid fuel. Let the obtained solid fuel be "solid fuel [3]."

Next, the solid fuel [3] was discharged from the molding apparatus into a 1 m ³ container and loaded. And the internal temperature immediately after mounting was measured using the temperature sensor.
Similarly, for the solid fuel [1] obtained in Experiment 3, the internal temperature immediately after loading was measured using a temperature sensor.
The results are shown in Table 3.

  In the solid fuel [1] produced without using the liquid deodorant, the measured value after 1 hour was 137 ° C., but in the solid fuel [3] produced by spraying the liquid deodorant, The temperature decrease of the solid fuel was promoted by evaporation of water, and after 1 hour, the temperature was 82 ° C.

Next, after allowing the solid fuel [1] and the solid fuel [3] to cool to about room temperature, 200 g of each was taken and put into separate 5 L odor analysis bags. Then, after the bag was filled with air subjected to odor removal treatment, the bag was stored at 30 ° C. After 24 hours, the concentration of each odor component of hydrogen sulfide, fatty acid, aldehyde and ammonia in the bag was analyzed with a detector tube, and the odor in the bag was evaluated by human sense.
Table 4 shows the odor evaluation results.

Fatty acid and ammonia are detected as odor components, and when deodorant is sprayed and when not used, fatty acid is 0.05 ppm and 0.1 ppm, and ammonia is 0.2 ppm and 1.5 ppm, respectively. The release of odorous components was reduced with the solid fuel produced by spraying the deodorant.
In addition, in the evaluation by human sense, solid fuel prepared by spraying deodorant had a slight odor, whereas solid fuel prepared without using deodorant was able to recognize sludge odor. .

<Experiment 5>
The solid fuel [1] immediately after production, obtained by the method shown in Experiment 3, was immersed in an aqueous solution to which a liquid deodorant containing a betaine surfactant as a main component was added for about 2 seconds. The solid fuel after the immersion is referred to as “solid fuel [4]”.
Then, the solid fuel [4] was loaded into a 1 m ³ container, and the internal temperature immediately after loading was measured using a temperature sensor.
Similarly, for each of the solid fuel [1] obtained in Experiment 3 and the solid fuel [3] obtained in Experiment 4, the internal temperature immediately after loading was measured using a temperature sensor.
The results are shown in Table 5.

In the solid fuel [1] produced without using a liquid deodorant, the temperatures immediately after production and after 1 hour were 141 ° C. and 130 ° C., respectively.
In the solid fuel [3] produced by spraying the liquid deodorant, the temperatures immediately after production and after 1 hour were 101 ° C. and 86 ° C., respectively.
In the solid fuel [4] obtained by immersing the deodorant, the temperatures immediately after production and after 1 hour were 70 ° C. and 45 ° C., respectively.

Next, the solid fuel [1], the solid fuel [3], and the solid fuel [4] were allowed to cool to about room temperature, and then 200 g was taken and placed in separate 5 L odor analysis bags. Then, after the bag was filled with air subjected to odor removal treatment, the bag was stored at 30 ° C. After 24 hours, the concentration of each odor component of hydrogen sulfide, fatty acid, aldehyde and ammonia in the bag was analyzed with a detector tube, and the odor in the bag was evaluated by human sense.
Table 6 shows the odor evaluation results.

Fatty acids and ammonia were detected as odor components. When the deodorant is immersed, the fatty acid is <0.05 ppm, 0.05 ppm and 0.1 ppm when the deodorant is sprayed and when the deodorant is not used, respectively. <0.2 ppm, 0.5 ppm and 1.5 ppm, and the release of odorous components was reduced with the solid fuel produced by adding a deodorant.
In addition, in the evaluation by human sense, when the deodorant was soaked and when the deodorant was sprayed, it was an aromatic odor, whereas the solid fuel prepared without using the deodorant was I was able to recognize the sludge odor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dryer 2 Aging tank 3 Mixer 4 Molding machine 5 Molded body receiving part 6 Deodorizing apparatus 10 Solid fuel production apparatus 11 Sludge 12 Organic waste 13 Aged waste 14 RPF production raw material 15 Mixed raw material 16 Molded body 17 Solid fuel 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25 Conveyor 31, 32 Adhering means 33 Exhaust gas 34 Exhaust gas

Claims (9)

An aging step of obtaining an aging waste by holding an organic waste whose moisture content is adjusted to be more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass in a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C and less than 80 ° C for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours; ,
A mixing step of obtaining a mixed raw material containing the aging waste and the RPF manufacturing raw material;
A molding step of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material;
A method for producing a solid fuel.   Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the solid fuel of Claim 1 provided with the adhesion process which attaches a deodorizer to at least 1 chosen from the group which consists of the said aging waste, the said mixing raw material, and the said molded object. The attaching step comprises
It is a step of spraying a solution containing the deodorant onto at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material and the molded product, or the molded product is applied to the solution containing the deodorant. The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 2, which is a step of immersing the fuel. The aging step is
The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic waste is a step of performing aeration treatment to obtain an aged waste when the organic waste is held in the temperature atmosphere.   Solid fuel manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solid fuel in any one of Claims 1-4. A dryer capable of obtaining organic waste having a moisture content adjusted to more than 10% by mass and less than 60% by mass;
An aging tank capable of maintaining the inside at a temperature atmosphere of more than 15 ° C. and less than 80 ° C. and holding the organic waste therein for more than 6 hours and less than 168 hours;
A mixer capable of mixing the aging waste and the RPF production raw material to obtain a mixed raw material;
A molding machine capable of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material;
A deodorizing apparatus for treating exhaust gas discharged from the aging tank and / or the molding machine;
An apparatus for producing solid fuel.   The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising an attaching unit that sprays a solution containing the deodorant on at least one selected from the group consisting of the aging waste, the mixed raw material, and the molded body.   The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising an immersion tank that immerses the molded body discharged from the molding machine in a solution containing the deodorant. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the solid fuel production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 can be performed.

Images