JP2014036470A - Quality-categorized power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for backing up a significant load (high priority load) with a backup power source having a smaller power capacity than the case of backing up all loads.SOLUTION: The power supply system includes: a power source; a power source for emergency; one or more breakers respectively connected to one or more loads; and a management device for controlling the breakers. The management device is configured to grasp electric energy which can be supplied by the power source for emergency at the occurrence of power failure, and to calculate the electric energy which can be supplied to one or more loads from the electric energy which can be supplied by the power source for emergency by using a preliminarily set numerical value based on the significance of each of one or more loads, and to measure the electric energy supplied from the power source for emergency to each of one or more loads, and to control the breaker to block power supply to the load to which the electric energy allocated to each of one or more loads has been already supplied.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system that supplies power to one or a plurality of loads in the event of a power failure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a backup power source having a smaller power capacity than the one that backs up all the important loads (high priority loads). Related to the system for backing up.

  The current distribution device in the power supply system uses a circuit breaker such as a fuse, and performs power supply management of the same quality for all systems.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional power feeding system. The power supply system shown in FIG. 1 includes a commercial power source 101, a power source device 102 including a rectifier that converts alternating current into direct current, a first emergency power source 111 such as an emergency generator, and a second power source such as a storage battery. Emergency power supply 112, a current distribution device 120 such as a distribution board for distributing the power from the power supply device to a plurality of loads, and a plurality of loads 131-133. 1 shows a case of three branches as an example, but it is not limited to three branches in practice, and there is a possibility of one branch to many branches.

  The alternating current output from the commercial power supply 101 is converted into direct current by the power supply device 102 and input to the current distribution device 120. The current distributed by the current distribution device 120 is supplied to the respective loads 131 to 133 via the circuit breakers 121 to 123.

  When the commercial power supply 101 has a power failure, power is supplied from the first emergency power supply 111 or the second emergency power supply 112. The emergency generator, which is an example of the first emergency power supply 111, can back up for a long time when a power failure occurs in the commercial power supply. However, the reliability is low because it is an emergency. On the other hand, the storage battery, which is an example of the second emergency power supply 112, has high reliability because the direct current output from the power supply apparatus 102 is stored, but has a short backup time. Therefore, the backup power supply can be effectively utilized by combining the two emergency power supplies 111 and 112.

  However, in the case of such a backup system, since power supply management is performed equally for all loads, no priority order is provided for each load.

  In addition, there is a method of automatically supplying backup power to only some circuits when it is detected that a power failure has occurred. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional power supply system, which is a power supply system including a backup system that gives backup power preferentially to only some loads when a commercial power supply fails. The power supply system illustrated in FIG. 2 distributes power from a commercial power supply 201, a power supply apparatus 202 including a rectifier that converts alternating current to direct current, an emergency power supply 211 such as a storage battery, and the power supply apparatus to a plurality of loads. And a current distribution device 220 such as a distribution board and a plurality of loads 231 to 233. Note that the case of FIG. 2 is not limited to three branches.

  The alternating current output from the commercial power supply 201 is converted into direct current by the power supply device 202 and input to the current distribution device 220. The current distributed by the current distribution device 220 is supplied to each load via the circuit breakers 221 to 223. Here, the emergency power supply 211 is connected to loads with high priority (loads that need to be backed up: 231 and 232 in FIG. 2) such as loads that lead to system failure when stopped. However, the emergency power supply 211 is not connected to a load that does not need to be backed up (223 in FIG. 2). Therefore, when the commercial power supply fails, power is supplied from the emergency power supply 211 only to the loads (231 and 232 in FIG. 2) to which the emergency power supply 211 is connected.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-325832

  When power supply management of the same quality is performed for all the systems, it is necessary to prepare a backup power source having a power capacity of (all power consumed by the load) × (necessary backup time), resulting in an increase in cost. In addition, even if the power outage period is predetermined, regardless of the importance of the load, in order to back up equally to each load, if only the important load is backed up, power supply will continue during the power outage Even if it is possible, the power is not supplied to the important load due to the consumption of the backup power, and the important load is stopped, that is, the backup power may not be effectively used.

  In addition, when a power failure is detected, backup power is automatically supplied to only a part of the circuit. In the system, the circuit with the backup power supply and the circuit without backup are completely separated, Since it is determined which circuit is connected when the power wiring is connected, it is necessary to perform wiring switching work when it is desired to back up the load connected to the circuit without backup. Therefore, when connecting a load, it is necessary to determine whether it is a backup power system or another system.

  When each load is an ICT device, there are concerns about the following two issues when the ICT device is stopped by shutting off the power supply.

  1. Each device is often designed not to break even when the power is stopped, but there is a possibility that the power supply may fail and there may be software failure.

  2. When operating as a system, if the power of the ICT device is stopped, data may not be stored, or the function to check the stop factor at the next startup works, and it takes time until the ICT device operates .

  The circuit breaker is linked to a management device that manages the power capacity of a backup power source such as a storage battery or an emergency generator, and manages preset priority information.

  Specifically, the power supply system of the present invention is a power supply system that supplies power to one or a plurality of loads in the event of a power failure, and includes the power source and the one or more power sources connected to the power source when the power source is stopped. An emergency power source for supplying power to the load, one or more circuit breakers connected between the power source and the emergency power source and each of the one or more additional devices, and a management device for controlling the circuit breaker The management device grasps the amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency power supply in the event of a power failure, and uses a numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more preset loads, The amount of power that can be supplied to each of the one or more loads is calculated from the amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency power source, and the amount of power that is supplied from the emergency power source to each of the one or more loads is measured. The one or more Against load load has finished supplying the amount of power allocated to each, and controls the breaker to cut off the supply of power.

  In addition, the emergency power supply of the power supply system of the present invention includes two power supplies, a storage battery and an emergency generator, and the amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency power supply is determined when the emergency generator does not operate. It is grasping of the electric energy which a storage battery can supply, and when an emergency generator operates, it is grasping | ascertaining the electric energy which a storage battery and an emergency generator can supply together.

  The numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance in the power supply system of the present invention is a backup time.

  The numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance in the power supply system of the present invention is a ratio of backup time.

  In addition, when a power failure occurs in the power supply system of the present invention, the method of supplying power to one or more loads connected to the power supply includes a step in which the system detects a power failure, The step of grasping the amount of power that can be supplied by the power generator, and the management device using the numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance, A step in which a generator determines a backup time for each of the one or more loads from the amount of power that can be supplied; and the management device determines the amount of power supplied from the emergency power supply to each of the one or more loads. A step of measuring, and a step in which the management device cuts off power to a load that has finished supplying an amount of power allocated to each of the one or more loads. Characterized in that it comprises and.

  Further, the emergency power supply in the method of supplying power to one or a plurality of loads connected to the power supply during a power failure of the power supply system of the present invention of the present invention includes two power supplies of a storage battery and an emergency generator. The amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency power source is to determine the amount of power that can be supplied by the storage battery when the emergency generator does not operate, and the storage battery and emergency power generation when the emergency generator operates. It is characterized by grasping the amount of power that can be supplied by the machine.

  Further, based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance in the method of feeding power to one or more loads connected to the power supply during a power failure of the power feeding system of the present invention. The numerical value is a backup time.

  Further, based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance in the method of feeding power to one or more loads connected to the power supply during a power failure of the power feeding system of the present invention. The numerical value is a ratio of the backup time.

  You can back up important loads (high priority loads) with a backup power supply that has a smaller power capacity than the one that backs up everything. It becomes possible to supply backup power for a short time to the load that has been stopped until now, and the apparatus stop time can be reduced.

  In addition, as a method for solving 1 and 2 described in the above-mentioned “Problem to be Solved by the Invention”, power supply is performed for a short time even for a load having a relatively low importance when a power failure occurs, and the apparatus is shut down. A method of cutting off the power supply after being turned off can be used.

  In addition, since there is no need to physically separate the circuit that can be backed up and the circuit that does not perform backup as shown in FIG. 2, the backup power source can be placed anywhere in the system, and backup can be performed when a load is connected. There is no need to consider whether it is a circuit.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of the conventional electric power feeding system. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the conventional electric power feeding system. It is a block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the electric power feeding system of this invention. The flowchart which shows the operation | movement sequence in the case of determining the time to stop after a power failure for every load of the management apparatus of the electric power feeding system of one Embodiment of this invention described in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement sequence in the case of calculating | requiring by multiplying a predetermined ratio based on backup electric power and load electric power of the management apparatus of the electric power feeding system of one Embodiment of this invention described in FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the power feeding system of the present invention. The power supply system illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a commercial power supply 301, a power supply device 302 including a rectifier that converts alternating current into direct current, a first emergency power supply 311 such as an emergency generator, and a second power supply such as a storage battery. Emergency power supply 312, first capacity measurement device 313 that measures the power capacity during operation of the first emergency power supply, and second capacity that measures the power capacity during operation of the second emergency power supply A measuring device 314, a management device 315 that determines the priority order of each additional backup, a current distribution device 320 such as a distribution board that distributes power from the power supply device to a plurality of loads, and a plurality of loads 331 to 333 It has. Note that FIG. 3 shows the case of three branches as an example, but it is not limited to three branches in practice, and there is a possibility that the number of branches is one to many. In this embodiment, two emergency power sources are shown, namely, an emergency generator and a storage battery. However, the number of emergency power sources is not limited to two, and may be one or more.

  The alternating current output from the commercial power supply 301 is normally converted into direct current by the power supply device 302 and input to the current distribution device 320. The current distributed by the current distribution device 320 is supplied to the loads 331 to 333 via the circuit breakers 321 to 323, respectively.

  Data for grasping the capacity of power is transmitted from the first amount detection device 313 and the second capacity detection device 314 to the management device 315, and each breaker in the current distribution device 320 is transmitted from the management device 315. An ON / OFF signal is transmitted to each of 331 to 333.

  In the management device 315, priorities and control methods for the loads 331 to 333 are determined in advance. For example, it can be determined as follows.

1. For each load, determine the time to stop after a power failure.
Example: Load 1: 10 minutes, Load 2: 30 minutes, Load 3: No time specified In this case, the highest priority load (Load 3) is set to backup power when a power failure occurs after securing the minimum guaranteed time for each load. Depending on the situation, the operation should be continued for as long as possible.

2. Predetermine the percentage of time for power supply to each load. In addition to the above, there are various methods for setting the backup time, such as when the battery is used alone, when the two emergency generators are activated, and when the emergency generator is not taken into account. There are various determination methods.
Example: Load 1: 5%, Load 2: 40%, Load 3: 100%
By setting the ratio in advance, the backup time can be determined based on the determined ratio, load power, and backup power when a power failure occurs. Thereby, backup electric power can be adjusted according to load capacity.

  When the commercial power supply 301 has a power failure, power is supplied from the first emergency power supply 311 or the second emergency power supply 312. During a power failure, the management device 315 grasps the amount of power that can be backed up based on information obtained from the first capacity detection device 313 and the second capacity detection device 314. For example, in the first capacity detection device 313, the remaining amount of fuel of the first emergency power supply 311 (emergency generator) or the like, and in the second capacity detection device, the second emergency power supply 312 (storage battery) ), The amount of power that can be backed up can be determined.

  It is determined at what timing the load is stopped using the time since the power failure was started or the quality required for each. When the power failure of the commercial power supply 301 occurs, the amount of power that can be supplied by each emergency power supply 311, 312 is grasped from the battery voltage and the remaining amount of fuel, and the importance of each of the loads 331 to 333 set in advance is determined. Calculate the amount of power that can be supplied for each load from the minimum power supply time and supply ratio based on the degree, and then for the load that has finished supplying the allocated power amount (supply time if constant power), Based on an instruction from the management device 135, the power supply to the loads 331 to 333 is cut off by the cut-off devices 321 to 323, respectively. Specifically, it follows the flowchart of the operation sequence shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. Then, using a shut-off device that can be controlled from the outside, turn off the shut-off device connected to the device with low priority (low quality) by the management device, thereby stopping power supply to the device To do.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation sequence in the case where the time for stopping after a power failure is determined for each load of the management apparatus for the power feeding system according to the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 3. In this case, the above 1. As described above, the time until stopping after a power failure is determined in advance for each load.

  In step 401, the system detects a power failure. In step 402, the management device confirms the operation of the first emergency power supply (emergency generator) based on the data from the first capacity detection device. In step 403, it is determined whether the first emergency power supply is operating. If it is determined that the emergency generator is not operating, in step 404, reading of backup time data when there is no first emergency power supply is started. If it is determined that the first emergency power supply is operating, the remaining capacity of the first emergency power supply is detected in step 405. Based on the remaining capacity of the first emergency power source detected in step 405, reading of backup time data when the first emergency power source is present is started in step 406. In step 407, each individual additional backup time is determined. Based on each additional backup time determined in step 407, in step 408, ON / OFF control of each circuit breaker connected to each load is performed.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an operation sequence when the power supply system management apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 is obtained by multiplying a predetermined ratio based on backup power and load power. . In this case, the above 2. As described above, the ratio of the power supply time to each load is determined in advance.

  In step 501, the system detects a power failure. In step 502, the capacity of the second emergency power supply (storage battery) is detected from the data from the second capacity detection device. In step 503, the operation of the first emergency power supply (emergency generator) is confirmed based on the data from the first capacity detection device. In step 504, it is determined whether the first emergency power supply is operating. If it is determined that the first emergency power supply is not operating, then, if it is determined that the first emergency power supply is operating, the remaining capacity of the first emergency power supply is determined in step 506. After detection, backup power is calculated in step 505.

Next, in step 507, the system measures the power of each load. Based on each measured load power, the following calculation is performed in step 508.
Σ (load power) x (backup time ratio) ... (1)
Here, the backup time ratio is a value determined in advance according to the priority of each load. In step 509, the final backup time is determined. The formula is
(Backup power / (1) formula) + backup time so far ... (2)
It is. Next, in step 510, the backup time of the individual device is determined. The formula is
(Last backup time (Formula (2))) x (Backup time ratio) (3)
It is. Based on the equation (3), ON / OFF control of each circuit breaker connected to each load is performed.

  Furthermore, backup efficiency can be further improved by setting the management device 115 as follows.

  1. Evaluate the possibility of starting backups (emergency generator start-up, availability of mobile power supply vehicles, collection of power outages, repair rush time), and change the backup time depending on the availability. As an example of the backup start possibility evaluation, when the emergency generator is started, the amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency generator is included in the amount of power that can be backed up. Thereby, the total amount of power with the amount of power that can be backed up by the storage battery is calculated, and the backup time during which the emergency generator operates is proportionally changed according to the result. Alternatively, the time when the emergency generator is operating is not regarded as a power failure, and the time when the emergency generator is stopped is regarded as a power failure start.

  In addition, regarding the availability of mobile power supply vehicles and repairability, if the time to mobile power vehicle arrival and the time to connect and start up are shorter than the time that can be backed up by the storage battery and emergency generator, Not considered a power outage. Further, when the estimated recovery time of the power failure is found, if the duration of the power failure is shorter than the time that can be backed up by the storage battery and the emergency generator, the power failure is not regarded as being interrupted.

  2. By making it possible to issue an OFF signal to each connected load, the load is turned off before turning off by the circuit breaker. When operating as a system, data may not be saved if the power supply of the device is stopped directly, or the function to check the stop factor at the next startup may work and time may be required until operation, The above problem can be solved by supplying power for a short time even to a load having a relatively low importance when a power failure occurs, and shutting off the apparatus after shutting down the apparatus.

101, 201, 301 Commercial power supply 102, 202, 302 Power supply device 111, 312 First emergency power supply 112, 313 Second emergency power supply 120 Emergency power supply 313 First capacity detection device 314 Second capacity detection device 315 Control devices 120, 220, 320 Current distribution devices 121-123, 221-223, 321-323 Breakers 131-133, 231-233, 331-333 Load

Claims (8)

A power supply system that supplies power to one or more loads at the time of a power failure,
Power supply,
An emergency power source for supplying power to the one or more loads connected to the power source when the power source is stopped;
One or more circuit breakers connected between the power source and the emergency power source and each of the one or more additions;
A management device for controlling the circuit breaker;
The management device grasps the amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency power supply in the event of a power failure, and uses the emergency power supply using numerical values based on the respective importance levels of the one or more loads that are set in advance. Calculates the amount of power that can be supplied to each of the one or more loads from the amount of power that can be supplied, measures the amount of power supplied from the emergency power supply to each of the one or more loads, Or the said circuit breaker is controlled so that supply of electric power may be interrupted | blocked with respect to the load which finished supplying the electric energy allocated to each of several load. The electric power feeding system characterized by the above-mentioned. The emergency power source includes two power sources, a storage battery and an emergency generator,
The amount of electric power that can be supplied by the emergency power source is to grasp the amount of electric power that can be supplied by the storage battery when the emergency generator does not operate, and the storage battery and the emergency generator when the emergency generator operates. The power feeding system according to claim 1, wherein the power amount that can be supplied is grasped.   The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance is a backup time.   The power supply system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance is a ratio of a backup time. A method of supplying power to one or more loads connected to a power source at the time of a power failure
The system detecting a power outage;
The management device of the system grasps the amount of power that can be supplied by the emergency generator of the system; and
The management device uses the numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance to determine the one or more loads from the amount of power that the grasped emergency generator can supply. Determining a backup time for each;
The management device measuring the amount of power supplied from the emergency power source to each of the one or more loads;
The management device includes a step of cutting off power to a load that has finished supplying an amount of power allocated to each of the one or more loads. The emergency power source includes two power sources, a storage battery and an emergency generator,
The amount of electric power that can be supplied by the emergency power source is to grasp the amount of electric power that can be supplied by the storage battery when the emergency generator does not operate, and the storage battery and the emergency generator when the emergency generator operates. The method according to claim 5, further comprising: grasping an amount of electric power that can be supplied together.   The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance is a backup time.   The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the numerical value based on the importance of each of the one or more loads set in advance is a ratio of backup time.

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