JP2014034766A - Guard fence - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a guard fence capable of reducing its cost, being installed without being affected by an unevenness on an inclined surface, and naturally achieving a load balance.SOLUTION: A guard fence comprises pillars each rotatably erected via a hemispherical base and a guard net. The guard net is composed of a plurality of rectangular free nets. The free net includes: a semi-finished free net comprising a rectangular net body and an open frame rope provided so as to continue to a bottom side and left and right sides of the net body; and an upper side frame rope post-fitted to and provided on an upper side of the net body. The open frame rope is slidably moored to a mountain-side anchor.

Description

  The present invention relates to a protective fence that supports and absorbs static loads such as avalanches and dynamic loads such as falling rocks.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a belt-shaped protective net 90 in which triangular nets 91 each having a triangular plane shape are alternately combined in a positive / reverse manner is connected between struts 80 erected at a predetermined interval, Patent Documents 1 to 3 are protective fences in which one side of the protective net 90 is connected to the upper portion of the support column 80, the other side is connected to the mountain-side anchor 81, and the support rod 80 and the valley-side anchor 82 are connected to each other with a retaining rope 83. Is disclosed.
This protective fence has a wide load transmission range of the triangular net 91 itself produced by braiding the wire rope 93 in a net shape inside the triangular frame rope 92, and three corners of each triangular net 91 are fixed. Therefore, there is an advantage that when the load is applied, the displacement in the height direction of the protective net 60 can be kept small.

JP 2002-322615 A JP 2002-348817 A JP 2003-3425 A

The conventional protection fence has the following problems.
<1> Each triangular net 91 constituting the protective net 90 divides each triangular net 91 constituting the protective net 90 based on the field survey data, and the lengths and vertex angles of the three sides of each divided triangular net 91 are divided. Are individually calculated and manufactured individually according to the calculated size.
Therefore, high accuracy is required for manufacturing the triangular net 91, and the manufacturing cost is very high.
<2> Since many triangular nets 91 having different dimensions are used, the management of distinguishing the triangular nets 91 is complicated.
<3> The conventional support column 80 is easily affected by the hillside undulation change, and it is difficult to stand the distance between the upper portions of the adjacent support columns 80 as designed.
In particular, when installing a guard fence across a ridge or a swirl, the width of the distance between the upper portions of the support columns 80 changes greatly, and the workability of the guard fence becomes extremely worse.
<4> Since the ropes 92 located on the three sides of the triangular net 91 are separated on a side-by-side basis, if there is an error in the installation position of the anchor 81 or the column 80, the three apexes of the triangular net 91 are attached. It takes a lot of time and labor to assemble the triangular net 91. <5> The conventional protective fence fixes the three vertexes of each triangular net 91 to the upper part of the support 80 and the mountain side anchor 81 in a non-slidable manner. Therefore, the load transmission range is limited to one side range, and the load cannot be transmitted over the entire length of the frame rope 92 so that the load is uniform.
Therefore, an excessive stress (uneven load) acts on a part of the frame rope 92 or a part of the anchor 81, and there is a risk of causing the triangular net 91 to break or the anchor 81 to break.
<6> Although the guard fence is designed so that the load balance is achieved, manufacturing tolerances and construction errors of the triangular net 91 are inevitable.
For this reason, the load balance is lost between each support column 80 and each triangular net 91 constituting the protective net 90, and the performance of the protective fence cannot be exhibited sufficiently.

An object of the present invention is to provide the following protective fence.
<1> To provide a protective fence that can be constructed without being affected by undulations on the mountainside.
<2> To improve the installation of the protective net while reducing the production cost of the protective net.
<3> The load balance of the protective fence can be taken naturally.
<4> The impact absorbing performance as a whole fence can be sufficiently exhibited.

The present invention is a protective fence comprising a support column erected so as to be able to turn (turn) freely at a predetermined interval, and a protection net bridged between the upper part of the adjacent support column and the slope mountain side, The strut has a strut body and a hemispheric base provided at a lower portion of the strut body, and is positioned via a valley side holding rope and a lower rope, and the protection net is composed of a plurality of free nets having a square shape, The free net is a semi-finished free net comprising a net having a square shape, an open frame rope provided continuously on the bottom side and the left and right sides of the net, and a retrofit on the upper side of the net. And the upper frame rope mooring the both ends of the open frame rope to the upper portion of the adjacent column, the open frame rope mooring the both ends of the open frame rope to the upper portion of the adjacent column, and the opening located in the bottom section of the net body Slide the frame rope to the mountain anchor Characterized in that the freely anchored.
The column is inclined with respect to a vertical line whose column body is centered on the hemisphere base.
A mooring guide is externally attached to the open frame rope, and the open frame rope positioned in the section of the bottom of the net body is slidably moored to the mountain side anchor via the mooring guide.
When a plurality of free nets are installed between the upper parts of adjacent columns, the free nets are installed horizontally by sharing the columns.

The present invention has at least one of the following effects.
<1> The open frame rope having continuity is moored slidably with respect to the mountain anchor so that the load can be made uniform over the entire length of the open frame rope.
Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the breaking of the open frame rope and the breaking of the mountain side anchor due to the uneven load.
<2> Even if the mounting position of the free net on the top of the support is slightly shifted due to the ups and downs of the slope, the semi-finished free net can be stretched and deformed according to the spacing of the top of the support in the field, so the ups and downs of the slope Even large ridges and swamps can be constructed efficiently without being affected by undulations.
<3> Since the width of the free net can be adjusted and installed according to the site, the production cost of the free net constituting the protective net can be greatly reduced, and installation on the site is easy.
<4> The support column is tilted with respect to the hemisphere base, and the support column is erected in a state that allows free rotation, so that when the axial force acts on the support column, the support column rotates and the entire protective fence The load balance can be adjusted automatically.
Since the open frame rope with continuity is slidably moored with respect to the mountain side anchor, the open frame rope slides when the distance between the upper part of the column and the mountain side anchor changes as the column tilts. Then, the side length of the open frame rope is automatically adjusted following the variation in the length of the left and right sides of the net.
With the cooperation of the automatic adjustment action by the above-mentioned support and the automatic adjustment action by the free net, it is possible to naturally balance the load of the protective fence, which has been considered difficult so far, and the performance as a protective fence is sufficient. Can be demonstrated.
<5> The mooring guide externally mounted on the open frame rope performs a pulley function to smoothly slide the open frame rope.

The perspective view of the protection fence which concerns on this invention Cross section of protective fence Perspective view of a column with a part omitted Enlarged view of mooring part of mountain side anchor and open frame rope Explanatory drawing of the method of constructing the guard fence, explaining the process of erection of the column as seen from the slope mountain side Longitudinal section of the slope where the column is erected in the explanatory diagram of the construction method of the protective fence Explanatory drawing of the method of constructing the protective fence, with a semi-finished free net installed between the columns An explanatory diagram of the method of constructing the protective fence, with a free net installed between the columns Model diagram of protective fence with multiple free nets installed between struts with different intervals Expanded cross-sectional view of the hemispheric base provided at the bottom of the column Model diagram for explaining the rotation of the column Top view of conventional protective fence Cross-sectional view of a conventional protective fence

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<1> Overview of Guard Fence As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the guard fence according to the present invention includes a column 10 having a tilt angle automatic adjustment function that is slidably set at a predetermined interval, and an upper portion of the column 10. And a protective net 30 spanned between the slope and the mountain side.

  The protective net 30 includes a semi-finished free net 25 and an upper frame rope 23 retrofitted to the upper side of the semi-finished free net 25.

  The semi-finished free net 25 includes a net body 21 having a square shape, and an open frame rope 22 having a substantially U-shape continuously provided on the bottom side and the left and right sides of the net body 21.

  The guard fence according to the present invention includes a support 10 having a tilt angle automatic adjustment function, and an upper side of each free net 20 is slidably attached to an upper part of the support 10, and a lower side thereof is slid to a slope-side anchor 41. By combining with a protective net 30 that is freely moored and assembled so as to be able to disperse the load, the load of the protective fence can be naturally balanced.

<2> Column A column 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The column 10 includes a column main body 11 such as a steel pipe or a shape steel, and a hemispherical base 15 integrally provided at a lower portion of the column main body 11. Is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to a perpendicular line passing through the center of the hemispherical base 15.
The inclination angle θ is appropriately selected depending on the slope of the slope, etc., but is practically around 15 °.
The reason why the column main body 11 is inclined with respect to the hemispherical base 15 is to give the column 10 a tilt angle automatic adjustment function.

<2.1> Pillar body An upper pin 12 and a lower pin 13 project from the upper and lower portions of the pillar body 11.
In this example, a plurality of pin holes 14 are provided in the upper part of the column main body 11 along the axial direction, and the upper pin 12 is inserted into an arbitrary pin hole 14 so that the mounting position can be adjusted. The formation position may be constant.

<2.2> Hemispherical Base The hemispherical base 15 is a bearing body that supports the column body 11 so as to be able to turn, and its outer peripheral surface is formed into a spherical surface. The spherical surface includes a curved surface having a different curvature in addition to a perfect circle having a constant curvature.
In this example, the hemispherical base 15 is shown in a form in which a single plate material is formed into a bowl shape, but a hemispherical body having a dense interior may be used.
The outer peripheral surface of the hemispherical base 15 is formed into a spherical surface for the following reason.
(Reason 1) To increase the pressure receiving performance of the support column 10 by expanding the pressure receiving area compared to the plane.
(Reason 2) In order to stand the column 10 without being affected by the undulation of the slope.
(Reason 3) To make the pressure receiving direction of the support column 10 be in all directions (360 °).
(Reason 4) In order to disperse and support the axial force acting on the support column 10 over the entire spherical surface.
(Reason 5) To allow turning around the lower part of the column 10.
(Reason 6) The hemispherical base 15 is buried in the slope so as to suppress the side slip of the lower end of the column 10 to facilitate the fixed point support of the column 10.
(Reason 7) To allow tilting of the support column 10 in all directions without using a hinge.

<2.3> Connection means As a connection means between the lower part of the column main body 11 and the hemispherical base 15, for example, welding, bolting, a fitting structure, or the like can be applied.
In short, the column main body 11 and the hemispherical base 15 may be connected so as to be able to transmit a load while maintaining a constant inclination angle θ of the column main body 11.

<3> Freenet The freenet 20 is a net body 21 having a square shape, an open frame rope 22 having a substantially U-shape continuously provided on the bottom and left and right sides of the net body 21, and the upper side of the net body 21. And an upper frame rope 23 to be attached later.
The intersection of the open frame rope 22 and the net body 21 may remain moored, but if the intersection is fixed with grips, the handleability of the net body 21 is improved.

In the present invention, in order to improve the workability of the protective fence, the closed frame rope provided around the net body 21 is divided into the open frame rope 22 and the upper frame rope 23, and the open frame rope 22 is divided into the net body. A semi-finished free net 25 attached to 21 is prepared in advance, and the semi-finished free net 25 is placed between the upper portions of the adjacent columns 10 and then the upper frame rope 23 on the upper side of the net 21. Was added later.
The reason why the upper side of the mesh body 21 is opened is to allow the mesh body 21 to expand and contract in the lateral direction.

<3.1> Net Body The net body 21 is a rope net, and a known net net such as a net formed of a rope material or a ring net formed by linking a plurality of rope rings can be applied.
Further, although not shown in the drawing, a wire mesh smaller than the mesh of the mesh body 21 may be used in combination.

<3.2> Open Frame Rope The open frame rope 22 is a single rope member that can be arranged along the bottom side and the left and right sides of the net body 21, and ring portions 22 a that can be moored to the column 10 at both ends thereof. 22a is formed.
The open frame rope 22 is provided on the bottom side and the left and right sides of the net body 21 so that the upper side is open. The semi-finished free net 25 is attached following the change in the installation interval of the columns 10. Because.

Mooring guides 24, 24 having an L shape are externally provided on the bottom side of the open frame rope 22, and the open frame rope 22 is slidable with respect to the mooring guide 24.
The mooring guide 24 is a cylindrical body for slidably mooring the bottom side of the open frame rope 22 to the mountain anchor 41, and two adjacent openings are provided via a connecting tool 40 such as a shackle as shown in FIG. The mooring guides 24 and 24 of the frame ropes 22 and 22 are moored to the mountain side anchor 41.

The mooring guide 24 is not essential. In short, it is sufficient that the bottom side of the open frame rope 22 is moored slidably on the mountain side anchor 41.
Although illustration is omitted, when the upright interval between the support posts 10 is wide, three or more locations on the bottom side of the open frame rope 22 are slidably anchored to the plurality of mountain side anchors 41.

<3.3> Upper Side Frame Rope The upper side frame rope 23 is a rope for supporting the upper side of the net body 21 and hanging between the upper portions of the adjacent columns 10 and 10. It is retrofitted by inserting it into the mesh on the upper side of 21.
One end of the upper side frame rope 23 is previously formed with a ring portion 23a that can be moored to the column 10, and the other end is directly moored to the column 10 at the site when the protective fence is assembled to form the ring portion 23b (see FIG. 8). ).

[Assembly method of protective fence]
Next, a method for assembling the protective fence will be described.

<1> Anchor Work As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a mountain side anchor 41 and a valley side anchor 42 are formed in advance at predetermined positions on the slope. Both anchors 41 and 42 are appropriately selected from known anchors such as ground anchors and lock bolts in consideration of the properties of the ground and anchor strength.

<2> Erecting the support column The support column 10 is set up on the slope at a predetermined interval.
When the support column 10 is erected, the direction (inclination direction) and the inclination angle of the support column 10 can be arbitrarily adjusted by turning around the hemispherical base 15 landed on the inclined surface.
Therefore, even if there are some undulations at the installation site of the column 10, the column 10 can be erected at a desired direction and angle without being affected by the undulation of the slope.

  In addition, when the geology of the slope is soft, the lower part of the hemispherical base 15 sinks into the ground due to its own weight, but when the ground is hard, it is preferable to land the hemispherical base 15 by forming a shallow hole in the landing ground.

  In order to position the lower part of the support 10, the lower part of the support 10 and the mountain side anchor 41 are connected by the lower rope 43, and the lower parts of the adjacent supports 10 are connected by the lower lateral rope 44 shown in FIG. 1.

<3> Attaching the free net A method for attaching the free net 20 will be described with reference to FIGS.

<3.1> Drooping of net body A semi-finished free net 25 in which an open frame rope 22 is provided in advance on the bottom side and the left and right sides of the net body 21 is carried into the site.
The free net 25 does not need to be as accurate as the conventional triangular net.
Ring portions 22 a and 22 a formed at both ends of the open frame rope 22 are moored at the upper portions of adjacent columns 10, and the upper side of the net body 21 is suspended.

  Since the semi-finished free net 25 does not have an upper frame rope 23 that regulates the length of the upper side of the net 21, the semi-finished free net 25 is attached by expanding and contracting the semi-finished free net 25 according to the interval between the upper portions of the columns 10. As a result, the semi-finished product free net 25 can be easily attached in a short time.

<3.2> Attaching the Lower Side of the Mesh Body A mooring guide 24 provided at a part of the open frame rope 22 is attached to the mountain side anchor 41 via the connector 40, and the lower side of the network body 21 is fixed to the slope mountain side. To do.
Note that the upper side of the mesh body 21 may be attached to the upper portion of the column 20 after the lower side of the mesh body 21 is fixed ahead of the slope mountain side.

<3.3> Attaching the upper side frame rope Finally, the upper side frame rope 23 is retrofitted over the entire length of the upper side of the net body 21, and both ends of the upper side frame rope 23 are moored and fixed to the upper portions of the adjacent columns 10. To do.
The total length of the upper frame rope 23 is adjusted in the field according to the distance between the upper portions of the adjacent columns 10.
The free net 20 is completed by attaching the upper side frame rope 23 to the upper side of the net body 21.

<4> Attaching the Retaining Rope As shown in FIG. 2, a trough-side retaining rope 45 is stretched between the upper portion of the strut 10 and the trough-side anchor 42 in order to prevent the strut 10 from tilting along the slope inclination direction. At the same time, a mountain side holding rope 46 is stretched between the upper portion of the support column 10 and the mountain side anchor 41.
When connecting the plurality of ropes 43 to 46 above and below the support column 10, they are moored in a loop shape so as to allow the support column 10 to turn.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the terminal anchor 47 is provided in the side of the terminal support | pillar 10, and connecting the terminal holding rope 48 between the upper part of the terminal support | pillar 10 and the terminal anchor 47 is the same as before. .

  The upper pin 12 and the lower pin 13 projecting from the support column 10 function as positioning members for the ring portion 22a and the ropes 43 to 46 moored to the support column 10, but may form protrusions other than the pins, It may be moored by forming a groove in it.

<5> Repetition of construction The protective net 30 having a predetermined length is assembled by horizontally placing the free net 20 between the upper portions of the adjacent columns 10 and 10 while sharing the column 10.
The sides of adjacent free nets 20 are connected by wrapping a rope or the like.

<6> In the case where the strut spacing changes FIG. 9 shows a model diagram of a protective fence installed on a ridge or a swamp with a large slope.
In general, it is difficult to stand the pillars 10 at equal intervals and in a state in which all the directions are aligned with respect to a slope with a large undulation, and the upper interval between adjacent pillars 10 is likely to change.

The column 10 is preferably erected as designed, but may be slightly deviated from the design due to the undulation of the slope.
By slightly turning the column 10 inclined around the hemispherical base 15, the upper interval between the adjacent columns 10 can be set up close to the design interval.
Furthermore, by providing an open frame rope 22 on the bottom side and the left and right sides of the net body 21 and using a semi-finished free net 25 that can be expanded and contracted in the lateral direction, Even if the interval is not uniform, the free net 20 can be easily placed horizontally in accordance with the upper interval of the adjacent columns 10.
Therefore, even if the installation site of the protective fence is a ridge or a swamp with a large slope, the construction can be performed efficiently.

[Operation of protective fence]
<1> Capturing action of protective fence In FIG. 2, when an impact such as snow pressure or falling rocks acts on the protective net 30 constituted by a plurality of free nets 20, the protective net 30 is bent to wrap snow or falling rocks. To capture.
The load acting on the protective net 30 is transmitted to and supported by the mountain-side anchor 41 and the upper part of the column 10 through the open frame rope 21 constituting the free net 20.

  The strut 10 tends to tilt toward the sloped mountain side as it is received by the protective net 30, but the valley side stay rope 45 and the lower rope 43 cooperate to prevent an excessive tilting of the strut 10.

<2> Pressure-receiving performance based on a hemisphere Since the support column 10 is supported at a fixed point by the protective net 30, the valley side holding rope 45, the lower rope 43, etc., it is provided at the lower portion of the column body 11 by the axial force generated in the support column 10. The hemispherical base 15 is pressed into the natural ground.
In particular, since the hemispherical base 15 has a spherical shape, not only does the side-slip suppression effect of the support column 10 increase, but also the pressure receiving area increases, and the pressure receiving direction of the support column 10 increases. Since it becomes all directions (360 degrees), the pressure receiving performance of the support | pillar 10 improves (refer FIG. 10).

<3> Function for automatically adjusting the tilt angle of the support column FIG. 11 shows a plan model diagram of the support column 10 assembled to the protective fence.
The support column 10 is tilted and attached to the hemispherical base 15, and the support column 10 is erected in a state that allows free turning (turning).
Therefore, when a load is applied to the protective net 30 and an axial force is applied to the support 10, the protective fence balances the load, so that the support 10 naturally turns around the hemispheric base 15.
That is, since a tensile force acts in the different direction through the left and right free nets 20 and 20 and the valley side holding rope 45 at the upper part of each column 10, the column 10 is arranged so that these load elements are balanced. Turn.
Since the plurality of ropes 22, 23, 43 to 46 are connected so as to allow the column 10 to turn, they are not caught in the column 10.
In addition, since the upper frame rope 23 is placed between the upper portions of the adjacent columns 10 and 10 with some slack, the upper portion of the column 10 is displaced (swinged) by the amount of slack of the upper frame rope 23. Allow.
As described above, the support column 10 erected so as to be rotatable via the hemispherical base 15 can be tilted and turned in all directions without using a hinge.

<4> Load Dispersion Action by Free Netting In FIG. 8, the load acting on the net body 21 is transmitted to the two frame ropes 22 and 23.
The upper frame rope 23 moored between the upper portions of the adjacent struts 10 is equally loaded over its entire length.
In addition, the open frame rope 21 arranged on the left and right sides and the bottom side of the net body 21 not only has continuity, but the open frame rope 21 is slidably moored with respect to the mountain side anchor 41. The load of the open frame rope 21 is uniform over the entire length.

When the support column 10 is turned or tilted, or when the free net 20 is deformed, the open frame rope 21 slides with respect to the mountain side anchor 41, so that the lengths of the left and right sides of the net body 21 are automatically set. Adjusted to
That is, the section of the left and right sides of the mesh body 21 (the section of the upper part of the support column 10 and the mountain side anchor 41) follows the deformation of the mesh body 21, and the open frame rope 21 slides. The length of the left and right sides is adjusted.
Even after sliding, the load transmitting action over the entire length of the open frame rope 21 is maintained.
The mooring guide 24 externally mounted on the open frame rope 21 fulfills a pulley function and makes the open frame rope 21 slide smoothly.

  In this way, the open frame rope 21 having continuity is slidably moored with respect to the mountain-side anchor 41, thereby effectively preventing breakage of the open frame rope 21 and destruction of the mountain-side anchor 41 due to the unbalanced load. it can.

<5> Load Balancing Adjustment Action of Protective Fence As described above, the protective fence according to the present invention is slidable on the upper side of the support 10 with the support 10 having the tilt angle automatic adjustment function and the upper side of each free net 20. And the lower side of the protective fence 30 is slidably moored to the slope-side anchor 41 and cooperates with the protective net 30 assembled so that the load can be distributed. It is possible to balance the load.

10 ... pillar 11 ... pillar body 12 ... upper pin 13 ... lower pin 15 ... hemispherical base 20 ... free net 21 ... ... Net body 22 ... Open frame rope 22a ... Ring part 23 ... Upper frame rope 24 ... Mooring guide 25 ... Semi-finished free net 30 ... Protective net 40 ... Connector 41 ... Mountain side anchor 42 ... Valley side anchor 43 ... Lower rope 44 ... Lower side rope 45 ... Valley side stay rope 46 ... Mountain side stay rope

Claims (4)

A protective fence comprising a column that is slidable at a predetermined interval and a protective net that spans between the upper part of the adjacent column and the slope mountain side,
The strut has a strut body and a hemispherical base provided at a lower portion of the strut body, and is positioned via a valley side holding rope and a lower rope,
The protective net is composed of a plurality of free nets having a square shape,
The free net is a semi-finished free net comprising a net having a square shape, and an open frame rope provided continuously on the bottom and left and right sides of the net,
It is provided afterward on the upper side of the net body, and consists of an upper side frame rope mooring both ends to the upper part of adjacent struts,
Both ends of the open frame rope are moored at the upper part of adjacent struts, and the open frame rope located in the section of the bottom of the mesh body is slidably moored to the mountain side anchor,
Guard fence.   2. The protective fence according to claim 1, wherein the column body is inclined with respect to a vertical line whose column main body is centered on the hemisphere base.   3. The mooring guide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a mooring guide is externally attached to the open frame rope, and the open frame rope positioned in a bottom section of the net body is slidably moored to the mountain side anchor via the mooring guide. A protective fence characterized by   The protection fence according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protection net is configured by a plurality of free nets that are horizontally mounted between upper portions of adjacent columns while sharing the column.

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