JP2014026446A - Fire detection system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fire detection system which is provided with a functional testing function while reducing the complication of a connection method between a repeater and a fire detector as much as possible.SOLUTION: A fire detection system 1 includes monitoring means 23 which monitors a state of a fire detector 7 and disconnection of a C-Kt line in accordance with changes in voltage of the C-Kt line and transmits the result to a fire receiver 3. The fire detector 7 includes functional testing means 63 for functional testing of the fire detector 7 at a preliminarily determined timing and a disconnection monitoring unit 41 which is connected in parallel to the C-Kt line and includes a termination resistance 51 and a first switch S1 connected in series to the termination resistance 51 and being normally closed. If the result of functional testing shows abnormality of the fire detector 7, the first switch S1 is opened to set the C-Kt line to a disconnection state.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fire detection system that is set in, for example, a tunnel and detects the occurrence of a fire.

In general, in order to monitor fires in tunnels, many fire detectors are installed in the tunnel to detect fires, and these many fire detectors receive and collect fire signals. Connected to the machine to configure a fire detection system.
Currently used fire detection systems can be roughly divided into two types according to the signal transmission method. One is that each fire detector and fire receiver send and receive various signals via a repeater (R-type transmission method), and the other is that each fire detector and fire receiver Is a type that performs transmission and reception using a dedicated signal line for each type of signal (P-type contact method).
The R-type transmission system can identify the sensor that issued the alarm, so the location of the fire can be specified, the specific sensor can be specified, and there are fewer display units, so a lot of information can be obtained. There are various advantages in terms of function and management compared to the P-type contact method, but it is expensive. In addition, a large capacity and a large power source are required to supply power to all fire detectors from the fire receiver.
The P-type contact method is relatively inexpensive, but a dedicated signal line is required, so the number of lines increases, and the cost for wiring is very high. Therefore, wiring is simplified by sharing a fire signal line for transmitting a fire signal among a plurality of fire detectors. However, since the wiring is shared, when the fire receiver receives a signal, it cannot identify which fire detector the signal is from.

  Moreover, there exists a 3rd fire detection system which is disclosed by patent document 1 as a simple thing apart from said R type and P type. The third fire detection system uses an R-type fire receiver as a fire receiver, a P-type fire detector as a fire detector, and a repeater that relays the communication between them. The detector is connected by a power line, and the information of the fire detector is managed easily through the power line. By adopting such a configuration, the wiring cost is lower and the fire detector itself is also cheaper, so that the cost is largely suppressed as a whole.

JP2008-250853

  The fire detection system in a tunnel may not operate correctly due to the fire detector being polluted by exhaust gas from an automobile or the like passing through the tunnel. Therefore, the R-type and P-type fire detection systems described above are functional tests for confirming whether the fire detector operates normally (a simulated light source emits light, and the fire detector makes the fire judgment normal. Generally, it is configured to perform a test of whether or not to perform.

However, since the third fire detection system has a simple connection method between the repeater and the fire detector, it does not have a test function such as the R type or the P type, and therefore cannot perform a function test. There is a problem that it is difficult to use for a fire detection system in a tunnel.
Further, even if a test function is provided in the fire detector, there is a problem that if the connection between the fire detector and the repeater is the same as that of the P type, the number of signal lines increases and the cost increases.
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a fire detection system having a function test function without complicating the connection method of the repeater and the fire detector as much as possible.

(1) A fire detection system according to the present invention includes a fire detector having a light receiving unit that receives flame light, a relay connected to each fire detector by a power line, and the relay through the relay. A fire detection system in which information from each fire detector is transmitted to a fire receiver,
The repeater has monitoring means for monitoring the state of the fire detector and the disconnection of the power supply line according to a change in the voltage of the power supply line and transmitting to the fire receiver,
The fire detector is
Functional test means for performing a functional test on the fire detector at a predetermined timing;
A disconnection monitoring unit that is connected in parallel to the power supply line, and includes a termination resistor and a switch that is connected in series to the termination resistor and is normally closed.
As a result of the function test, when the fire detector is abnormal, the power line is disconnected by opening the switch.

(2) Moreover, in the thing as described in said (1), the said fire detector has a light emission part which light-emits the light which the said light-receiving part can detect,
The functional test includes a test as to whether the fire detector normally makes a fire determination by causing the light emitting unit to emit light.

(3) In the above (1) or (2), when the monitoring means detects the disconnection state, if the detected timing matches the predetermined timing, the function test result, It is determined that there is an abnormality in the fire detector, and when the detected timing does not coincide with the predetermined timing, it is determined that the power supply line is disconnected.

The fire detector is a functional test means for performing a function test on the fire detector at a predetermined timing, a switch connected in parallel to the power supply line, connected in series to the terminal resistor, and normally closed. And a disconnection monitoring unit.
If there is an abnormality in the fire detector as a result of the function test, the monitoring unit of the repeater can be determined to be in a disconnected state by intentionally creating a disconnected state of the power line by opening the switch. Therefore, the monitoring means does not newly increase the state of the monitoring target, and the existing monitoring means can be utilized as it is without being changed. In addition, when it is judged as a disconnection state, either the abnormality of a fire detector or the disconnection state has generate | occur | produced. In this case, in any case, since the manager is to respond to the site, it is convenient for operation to determine the abnormality of the fire detector in the same manner as the disconnection state.
Since it is set as the above structures, the fire detection system concerning this invention can be provided with a function test function, without making the connection method of a repeater and a fire detector as complicated as possible.

It is explanatory drawing explaining the fire detection system which concerns on one embodiment of this invention, and is a figure explaining a repeater and a fire detector. It is explanatory drawing explaining the fire detection system which concerns on one embodiment of this invention, and is a figure explaining the connection method of a fire receiver, a repeater, and a fire detector. It is explanatory drawing explaining the fire detection system which concerns on one embodiment of this invention, and is explanatory drawing explaining the judgment method of the state of the fire detector in a repeater. It is explanatory drawing explaining one state of the fire detector of FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining a state different from the state of FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining a state different from the state of FIG. 4 and FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining the state different from the state of FIG.4, FIG.5 and FIG.6.

A fire detection system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Since the fire detection system 1 is installed in a tunnel and has a fire receiver 3, a repeater 5, and a fire detector 7 as shown in FIG. 2, these will be described in detail below.
<Fire receiver>
The fire receiver 3 is a standard R-type fire receiver for general buildings, receives the state of the fire detector 7 via the repeater 5, and displays a fire or an abnormality of the fire detector 7.
As shown in FIG. 2, the fire receiver 3 has a plurality of repeaters 5 connected in parallel by S + lines and S− lines so that signals can be transmitted and received. Signal transmission / reception between the fire receiver 3 and the repeater 5 uses an R-type transmission method using a pulse signal. Therefore, the fire receiver 3 can identify each of the repeaters 5 one by one. Yes (address management).

<Repeater>
The repeater 5 is a general-purpose repeater for general buildings, and is connected to the fire receiver 3 and the fire detector 7 to relay the exchange between them.
As shown in FIG. 1, the repeater 5 is connected to an external power source 9 via a PI line and an NI line, and is supplied with power. In addition, one fire detector 7 is connected to the repeater 5 through C lines, Kt lines, and L lines as power lines, and includes C-Kt lines including C lines and Kt lines, C lines and L lines. A C-L line including a line is constituted. The repeater 5 can detect the state of the fire detector 7 by monitoring the voltages of the C-Kt line and the CL line. The repeater 5 receives the detected state of the fire detector 7 by fire. Notify the machine 3.
The repeater 5 includes a control unit 11 that performs various controls of the repeater 5 and a voltage measurement unit 13 that measures voltage values of the C-Kt line and the CL line. The control part 11 and the voltage measurement part 13 are demonstrated in detail below based on FIG.

≪Voltage measurement part≫
The voltage measuring unit 13 is connected to the C-Kt line and has a first resistance 15 having a predetermined resistance value, a first voltmeter 17 that measures the voltage at both ends of the first resistor 15, and a CL line. The second resistor 19 having a predetermined resistance value and the second voltmeter 21 that measures the voltage across the second resistor 19 are provided. The first voltmeter 17 and the second voltmeter 21 are connected to the control unit 11, and the measured voltage value is acquired by the control unit 11.

≪Control part≫
The control unit 11 calculates the current value flowing through the C-Kt line and the CL line based on the voltage values at both ends of the first resistor 15 and the second resistor 19 measured by the voltage measuring unit 13, and the current value And monitoring means 23 for judging (monitoring) the state of the fire detector 7 and transmitting the fact to the fire receiver 3. The monitoring means 23 is realized by the microcomputer executing a predetermined program.
The state of the fire detector 7 is, for example, a normal state (normal state) in which a fire is being detected, a functional test state in which its own function is being confirmed by a test, a result of the functional test, There are a fouling state indicating that the light receiving glass 31 covering the front surface is fouled, a broken state indicating that the power supply line is broken, a failure state indicating that its own circuit or the like is broken, and the like.

Based on FIG. 3, the control part 11 demonstrates the determination method of the state of the fire detector 7 based on the electric current value which flows through the 1st resistance 15 (C-Kt line | wire). FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the state determination of the fire detector 7 performed by the control unit 11 and the value of the current flowing through the C-Kt line. In FIG. 3, the right direction of the straight line indicates that the current value increases.
As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 11 determines that the current value is below the predetermined threshold value A, and determines that the current is disconnected or fouled. If the threshold value B is exceeded, it is determined that a failure has occurred.
Similarly, if the value of the current flowing through the second resistor 19 (CL line) increases and exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined that a fire is detected.

  The state of the fire detector 7 acquired in this way is notified to the fire receiver 3. As described above, since the fire receiver 3 can identify the repeater 5, the fire receiver 3 identifies which fire detector 7 by identifying which repeater 5 the received signal is from. It is possible to specify whether the state is about.

  One external power supply 9 is assigned to one to several repeaters 5. Therefore, the power source capacity can be small, and the volume of the external power source 9 can be reduced. Therefore, it is easy to store, and the wiring distance can be shortened by arranging it near the repeater 5. The power may be supplied from the fire receiver 3 to the fire detector 7 via the repeater 5 or may have a power source separately from the fire receiver 3.

<Fire detector>
The fire detector 7 sets threshold values for some wavelengths among the wavelengths included in the flame, and determines that a fire has occurred when the received light amount of the wavelengths included in the received light exceeds the set threshold values. Yes. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fire detector 7 includes a light receiving glass 31 that covers the front surface of the fire detector 7, a light receiving amplification unit 35 that includes a light receiving unit 33 that receives light transmitted through the light receiving glass 31, A light emitting operation unit 39 provided with a light emitting unit 37 provided outside the glass 31 for simulating a fire and performing a test on whether the fire detector 7 performs a fire judgment normally; A disconnection monitoring unit 41 for notifying that if a stain is detected, a failure signal unit 43 for notifying that if a failure is detected, and a notification for notifying that if a fire is detected It includes a fire signal unit 44 and a control unit 45 that performs the above-described tests and performs notifications.
Hereinafter, the light receiving amplification unit 35, the light emission operation unit 39, the disconnection monitoring unit 41, the failure signal unit 43, the fire signal unit 44, and the control unit 45 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

≪Light receiving amplification part≫
The light receiving and amplifying unit 35 includes a light receiving element that receives light from the outside or the light emitting unit 37 and generates an electric signal, an amplifier 47 that amplifies the electric signal according to a predetermined amplification factor, and an amplifier. And a gain switching circuit 49 for switching the amplification factor of 47.
The amplifier 47 is connected to the control unit 45, and the control unit 45 can acquire the amplified electric signal.
The gain switching circuit 49 is connected to the control unit 45 and the amplifier 47, and switches the amplification factor of the amplifier 47 according to an instruction from the control unit 45. The amplification factor is set to a larger value than usual when the light emitting unit 37 cannot sufficiently emit light because the current flowing through the C-Kt line is small.

≪Disconnection monitoring section≫
The disconnection monitoring unit 41 includes a termination resistor 51 and a first switch S1 that is connected in series to the termination resistor 51 and is normally closed (ON), connected in parallel to the C-Kt line.

≪Light emission operation part≫
The light emitting operation unit 39 is connected in parallel to the C-Kt line, and is connected to the light emitting unit 37, the second switch S2 connected in series to the light emitting unit 37 and normally open (OFF), and flows through the C-Kt line. And a constant current circuit 53 for adjusting the current.
The light emitting unit 37 is composed of an LED or the like and emits light including at least one of wavelengths that can be detected by the light receiving unit 33. The second switch S2 is turned on during the function test, the light emitting operation unit 39 is turned on, and the light emitting unit 37 emits light. The light emitting part 37 is provided outside the light receiving glass 31 as described above, and when the light emitting part 37 emits light, the light receiving part 33 is irradiated through the light receiving glass 31.

The constant current circuit 53 adjusts so that the current value flowing through the C-Kt line when the second switch S2 is turned on (during a function test) and the normal current value are within the same range in the threshold value. By doing so, the monitoring means 23 can capture the same as in the normal state during the function test.
In the above description, the current value is adjusted by the constant current circuit 53. However, the current value may be set to a normal value by using a predetermined resistor or the like without using the constant current circuit 53.

≪Failure signal part≫
The failure signal unit 43 is connected in parallel to the C-Kt line, and includes a failure signal transmission resistor 55 and a third switch S3 that is connected in series to the failure signal transmission resistor 55 and is normally OFF. .

≪Fire signal part≫
The fire signal unit 44 is connected in parallel to the CL line, and has a fire signal transmission resistor 57 and a fourth switch S4 connected in series to the fire signal transmission resistor 57 and normally OFF. Yes.
Normally, only a small amount of current flows through the CL line. However, when a fire is judged, the fourth switch S4 is turned on so that the fire signal unit 44 is turned on and a large amount of current flows.

≪Control part≫
The control unit 45 includes a fire detection unit 61, a function test unit 63 that receives the light emitted from the light emitting unit 37 and performs a function test, a failure detection unit 65 that detects a failure state of a circuit in the fire detector 7, and the like. The switch switching means 67 for switching ON / OFF of the first switch S1 to the fourth switch S4 and the gain switching instruction means 69 for instructing switching of the gain of the gain switching circuit 49 are provided. Each means is realized by a microcomputer executing a predetermined program.
The control unit 45 can test whether the fire detector normally performs the fire determination by causing the light emitting unit 37 to emit light by the function test unit 63. The functional test includes a fouling test for testing the fouling state of the light receiving glass 31. In the following specification, a fouling test will be described as an example of the function test.
The control unit 45 uses the switch switching unit 67 to control ON / OFF of the first switch S1 to the third switch S3 according to the state of the fire detector 7, and to control the amount of current flowing through the C-Kt line. Change. By doing so, it is possible to notify the repeater 5 that is monitoring the current flowing through the C-Kt line of its own state.

In the fire detection system 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above, a method for notifying the state of the fire detector 7 from the fire detector 7 to the repeater 5 using the C-Kt line is Each will be described with reference to Table 1 and FIGS.
Table 1 summarizes the method of turning on / off the first switch S1 to the third switch S3 for each state of the fire detector 7.

  In Table 1, each row represents the state of the fire detector 7, and each column is ON / OFF of the first switch S1 to the third switch S3 in order from the left, the current value flowing through the C-Kt line at that time, And the state judgment in the repeater 5 (monitoring means 23) is shown.

[Normal state]
In the normal state, the control unit 45 turns on only the first switch S1 (see Table 1 and FIG. 4). By doing so, the current of the current value a flows through the C-Kt line and falls between the threshold value A and the threshold value B. Therefore, it is determined in the repeater 5 that the fire detector 7 is in a normal state. (See FIG. 3).

[Fouling test condition]
In the contamination test state, the control unit 45 turns off the first switch S1 and turns on only the second switch S2 from the normal state (see Table 1 and FIG. 5). By turning on the second switch S2, the portion to be conducted is switched from the disconnection monitoring unit 41 to the light emitting operation unit 39, the light emitting unit 37 emits light, and the contamination test is performed. As described above, since the function test is performed by diverting the current flowing in the normal time, it is not necessary to increase the number of wirings separately and ensure the power for the test.

  At this time, the constant current circuit 53 is adjusted so that the current value a ′ (≈current value a) of the same level as that in the normal state flows through the C-Kt line. Therefore, it is determined by the monitoring means 23 of the repeater 5 that the fire detector 7 is in a normal state (see FIG. 3). Therefore, the monitoring means 23 does not newly increase the state of the monitoring target, in other words, the function test (fouling test) can be performed while using the existing monitoring means 23 as it is without being changed.

The fire detector 7 changes the state according to the result of the contamination test. Here, the stain test will be described. The light emitted from the light emitting unit 37 is applied to the light receiving unit 33 through the light receiving glass 31, and the light receiving unit 33 generates an electrical signal according to the amount of light transmitted through the light receiving glass 31. This electric signal is amplified by the amplifier 47 and acquired by the control unit 45 to determine the contamination status.
If the light receiving glass 31 is not damaged by fire, and the amount of transmitted light is sufficient (for example, 50% or more of the initial value), an electric signal having a strength higher than a predetermined value can be obtained and is normal. It is judged that there is.
On the other hand, when the contamination of the light receiving glass 31 is such that the fire detection is hindered, the amount of light transmitted is insufficient, so that the electrical signal becomes weaker than a predetermined value, and it is determined as contamination.

At this time, if the current value a ′ at the time of the test does not allow sufficient light emission in the first place, and it is determined that the contamination is not contaminated, the gain switching circuit 49 switches the amplification factor of the amplifier 47 to increase it. Set to value. In this case, the original amplification factor is restored after the test.
By carrying out like this, since it is insufficient electric power (electric current value a '), even if there is little light quantity of the light emission part 37, a fouling test can be performed.

  When the test result is determined to be normal, the control unit 45 returns the second switch S2 to OFF and turns on only the first switch S1 (see Table 1 and FIG. 4). By doing so, it is determined that the repeater 5 is in the normal state before and during the test (see FIG. 3).

[Fouling and disconnection]
On the other hand, when it is determined that the contamination is present, the control unit 45 turns off the second switch S2 from the contamination test state (see Table 1 and FIG. 6). By doing so, the current flowing through the C-Kt line decreases compared to the normal time, and becomes a current value b that is below the threshold value a.
In addition, when the C-Kt line is in a disconnected state, it is below the threshold value a.
Therefore, when it is detected on the repeater 5 side that the current value is lower than the threshold value A, it is unclear whether the fire detector 7 is in a disconnected state or a fouled state. However, even if it is in any of the above states, the manager who has received the confirmation will actually confirm the state of the fire detector 7 that has transmitted the signal at the installation location.
Therefore, when the repeater 5 (monitoring means 23) detects that the current value is b, it is not necessary for the repeater 5 to distinguish the state in particular and notify the fire receiver 3 of disconnection or contamination. It is judged as a disconnection / dirt state meaning any state (see FIG. 3), and that fact is notified to the fire receiver 3.
By doing so, it is possible to notify the abnormality during the function test (in the above case, the contamination state after the contamination test) without increasing the wiring between the repeater 5 and the fire detector 7.

  If the timing of the contamination test of the fire detector 7 coincides with the timing at which the monitoring means 23 detects that the current value has fallen below the threshold value A and becomes the current value b, it is determined that the contamination has occurred. If not, it may be determined that the wire is disconnected. In this case, in order to grasp the timing of the contamination test on the repeater 5 side, for example, the time of the contamination test may be set in advance, or the time until the contamination test may be measured using a timer. . In addition, when the fire detector 7 is contaminated, for example, the state of the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 in the normal state, and the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 in the contaminated state. The state is repeated, and a pulse signal based on the current value a and the current value b is output. In this case, the repeater 5 (monitoring means 23) may determine that it is dirty.

[Failure state]
The failure detection means 65 determines that a failure has occurred when the internal voltage of the fire detector 7 falls below a predetermined value. In this case, the control unit 45 turns on the third switch S3 (see Table 1 and FIG. 7). By doing so, the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are turned on, and the current flowing through the C-Kt line is increased as compared with the normal time, so that the current value c exceeds the threshold value b. . Then, it is determined that there is a failure in the repeater 5 (see FIG. 3), and that fact is notified to the fire receiver 3. In addition, the fire detector 7 stops functions other than the function which confirms a failure, if a failure is detected.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the repeater 5 monitors the state of the fire detector 7 and the disconnection of the C-Kt line according to the change in the voltage of the C-Kt line, and transmits it to the fire receiver 3. The fire detector 7 has a monitoring means 23, and the fire detector 7 is connected in parallel to a function test means 63 for performing a function test on the fire detector 7 at a predetermined timing, and a C-Kt line. It has the disconnection monitoring part 41 provided with the 1st switch S1 connected in series and normally closed.
If there is an abnormality in the fire detector 7 as a result of the function test, the monitoring means 23 of the repeater 5 is created by intentionally creating a disconnection state of the C-Kt line by opening the first switch S1. It can be determined as a disconnection state. Therefore, in the monitoring unit 23, the state of the monitoring target is not newly increased, and the existing monitoring unit 23 can be utilized as it is without being changed.
Since it is set as the above structures, the fire detection system 1 can be provided with a function test function, without making the connection method of the repeater 5 and the fire detector 7 as complicated as possible.

Note that when the fire is detected, the control unit 45 (fire detection means 61) turns on the fourth switch S4 so that a current exceeding a predetermined threshold flows through the CL line, assuming that it is in a fire detection state. . By doing so, the repeater 5 determines that a fire has occurred, and notifies the fire receiver 3 to that effect.
In the present embodiment, the current value flowing through the C-kt line and the CL line is calculated from the voltage value measured by the voltage measuring unit 13 and the state of the fire detector 7 is determined. The voltage value measured by the measurement unit 13 may be used as it is. In this case, the determination method of FIG. 3 is also performed based on the voltage value.

S1 1st switch S2 2nd switch S3 3rd switch S4 4th switch 1 Fire detection system 3 Fire receiver 5 Repeater 7 Fire detector 9 External power supply 11 Control part 13 Voltage measurement part 15 1st resistance 17 1st voltmeter 19 2nd resistance 21 2nd voltmeter 23 monitoring means 31 light reception glass 33 light reception part 35 light reception amplification part 37 light emission part 39 light emission operation part 41 disconnection monitoring part 43 failure signal part 44 fire signal part 45 control part 47 amplifier 49 gain switching circuit 51 Terminating resistor 53 Constant current circuit 55 Fault signal transmission resistance 57 Fire signal transmission resistance 61 Fire detection means 63 Function test means 65 Fault detection means 67 Switch switching means 69 Amplification rate switching instruction means

Claims (3)

A fire detector having a light receiving portion for receiving the light of the flame, a repeater connected to each fire detector by a power line, and information of each fire detector is transmitted to the fire receiver via the repeater Fire detection system,
The repeater has monitoring means for monitoring the state of the fire detector and the disconnection of the power supply line according to a change in the voltage of the power supply line and transmitting to the fire receiver,
The fire detector is
Functional test means for performing a functional test on the fire detector at a predetermined timing;
A disconnection monitoring unit that is connected in parallel to the power supply line, and includes a termination resistor and a switch that is connected in series to the termination resistor and is normally closed.
As a result of the functional test, when the fire detector is abnormal, the fire detection system is characterized in that the power line is disconnected by opening the switch. The fire detector has a light emitting unit that emits light that can be detected by the light receiving unit,
The fire detection system according to claim 1, wherein the functional test includes a test on whether the fire detector normally makes a fire determination by causing the light emitting unit to emit light.   When the monitoring means detects the disconnection state, if the detected timing coincides with the predetermined timing, it is determined that the fire detector is abnormal as a result of the functional test, and the detected timing and the predetermined timing are determined in advance. 3. The fire detection system according to claim 1, wherein if the determined timing does not match, it is determined that the power supply line is disconnected.

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