JP2014025905A - Method for increasing dissolved amount and dissolving power of metal ion such as radioactive cesium into water - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of dissolving more radioactive cesium into water, strongly holding it therein and enhancing decontamination efficiency.SOLUTION: The method comprises: contacting water with a vessel charged with dielectrics 2 (ceramic particles, etc.); maintaining an electrical phenomenon generated by an interfacial electrokinetic phenomenon or a thermoelectric conversion effect (pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity, etc.) caused by allowing dielectrics 2 to flow, rub together and collide by a passing flow, etc., of a liquid, as positive charges and hydroxide ions in the water to structure the water; dissolving metal ions such as cesium more in the water rather than in normal water by increasing an amount and dissolving power of carbon dioxide dissolved in the water and hydroxide ions by structuring the water to enhance dissolving power; and increasing a function of the water as a transport medium of the metal ions such as cesium in order to stably fix, especially, radioactive cesium to FESs (flayed edge site) of a soil mineral, etc., to enhance decontamination efficiency.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for increasing the amount and power of dissolution of metal ions such as radioactive cesium in water by structuring water.

  As a method for removing radioactive cesium (Cs-134, Cs-137), decontamination with water is performed in Fukushima Prefecture using physical properties that are easily dissolved in water.

Normal dissolution of metal ions with water mainly dissolves as bicarbonate. For example, potassium (K) ions that have similar kinetics to radioactive cesium are dissolved as potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ). Radioactive cesium also dissolves as cesium bicarbonate (CsHCO ₃ ). Therefore, the amount of metal ions dissolved in water varies depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in the water. Dissolution of metal ions in water involves the dissolved amount of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is called free carbonic acid and can be divided into subordinate free carbonic acid and erosive free carbonic acid. The amount of free carbonic acid required to dissolve and put bicarbonate in water is called dependent free carbonic acid. Erosive free carbonic acid is free carbonic acid that is more soluble in water than dependent free carbonic acid and is erodible. Free carbonic acid = dependent free carbonic acid + erodible free carbonic acid.
When carbon dioxide is taken into water and erosive free carbonic acid increases, metal ions dissolve as bicarbonate. If carbon dioxide is released due to air exposure or water temperature rise, and dependent free carbon dioxide decreases, metal ions will precipitate.

The amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in conventional water varies depending on the water temperature and atmospheric pressure. Adjustment of water temperature and pressure requires a lot of energy and equipment. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to structure water with a simple device, increase the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide, and increase the amount of dissolved metal ions. In addition, the bicarbonate is strongly retained (solving power) in water. In addition, hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ) are generated in the process of structuring water and are dissolved as hydroxide salts.

Means to solve the problem

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention brings water into contact with a container filled with a dielectric (ceramic particles or the like). In addition, electric phenomena generated by electrokinetic phenomena and thermoelectric conversion effects (pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, etc.) caused by causing dielectrics (ceramic particles, etc.) to flow, reciprocate, collide with each other due to the flow velocity of water, Sustain as positive charge, hydroxide ions to structure water. Due to the structuring of water, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greater than normal water, and is taken up into water and strongly retained. As a result, the amount of metal ions dissolved as bicarbonate is increased. In addition, the hydrogen carbonate is strongly retained in water (the dissolving power is large). Also, as a hydroxide salt with hydroxide ions, the amount of metal ions dissolved in water increases. The water structuring lasts for a certain time (around 40 hours).

Water structuring is an electrical phenomenon that occurs at the interface between the dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.) side and the aqueous medium side. The surface of the dielectric (ceramic particles or the like) is negatively charged by the interfacial flow potential, but the water flow side is positively charged. In addition, due to the mutual friction of dielectrics (ceramic particles, etc.) and thermoelectric conversion effects (pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, etc.) caused by collisions, heat transfer due to the temperature difference between the surface side of the dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.) and the center side ( Due to the movement of electrons, the high temperature side is positively charged, the low temperature side is charged, and the electrons that generate a potential difference are combined with dissolved oxygen (O ₂ ) on the surface of the dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.), and hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ). The proportion of the positive charge in the aqueous medium surrounded by polar water molecules oxygen increases, and water is structured. The generated hydroxide ions are less likely to approach the positive charge that increases in the ratio of being surrounded by water molecules, so the ratio of neutralization decreases. The positive charge is maintained in water as water structuring. Hydroxide ions are also maintained.

  Since the proportion of the positive charge toward the oxygen molecules in the water molecules so as to surround the direction of the positive charge is increased and structured, hydrogen bonds between the water molecules are reduced. For this reason, the oxygen of carbon dioxide having non-covalent bonds and the hydrogen of water molecules face each other, and there are many opportunities to approach them. As a result, a large amount of carbon dioxide is taken in and the retention (dissolution) power thereof is increased, and the metal ions are more dissolved and the dissolution power is also increased. Further, due to the generation of hydroxide ions, metal ions are dissolved in water as hydroxide salts.

Effect of the invention

  In the present invention, by structuring water, a large amount of carbon dioxide is taken in, free carbonic acid is increased, a large amount of metal ions are dissolved as a hydrogen carbonate, and solubility (holding power in water) is also increased. Cesium (Cs) is also more soluble than conventional water and can be strongly retained in water. Further, due to the generation of hydroxide ions, metal ions are dissolved in water as hydroxide salts.

As the kinetics of radioactive cesium, dissolved cesium ions (Cs ⁺ ) are exchanged when they are adsorbed by clay minerals in the soil, especially by FES (flaid edge sites) such as mica whose outer edge is swollen by weathering. There is little property and it is fixed for a long time. The radioactive cesium fixed to the FES will not be washed away and will remain stable in the soil.

Cs ⁺ in paddy fields in Fukushima Prefecture, etc. is attached to organic particulates such as humus carried by the inflow water from the forest, and is newly added to the paddy fields and adsorbed by weak negative charges (carboxyl groups, etc.) of organic matter. Since Cs ⁺ is easily exchanged, it is easily absorbed by rice. Moreover, Cs is always supplied by the inflow from the forest, and it is considered that the conventional removal methods (peeling off the topsoil, plowing, etc.) are less effective. Forest Cs removal (immobilization to soil minerals) becomes important. Forests have a specific material cycle, and Cs adsorbed on humus and litterfall (deciduous leaves / deciduous branches) covering the ground surface stays in the humus layer and is fixed to soil minerals by absorbing roots of trees that are common in the humus layer. Rather than being done, it is taken into the tree body from the roots of the tree and circulates again as litterfall. The immobilization rate of Cs to the soil is slowed.

The structured water of the present invention, which has increased dissolution amount and solubility of metal ions, is used as a Cs transport medium to facilitate the transfer of Cs ⁺ adhering to organic matter to the soil and increase the fixing speed to the soil. I can do things. If Cs can be stably fixed to the soil, the supply from the forest will decrease, and the removal effect to paddy fields will increase. In addition, it may be used as a Cs ⁺ transport medium for various removal methods.

  It is a structure schematic diagram of the ceramic particle filling container for structuring water.   It is a schematic diagram of the heat transfer (electron transfer) of ceramic particles and the electron reception of dissolved oxygen.   Schematic diagram of water structuring and carbon dioxide uptake.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a cylindrical container or the like that allows water to pass through a container filled with a dielectric (ceramic particles or the like), and allows the ceramic particles to flow, mutually friction, or collide with water.

  Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described using the structural schematic diagram, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. It is caused by contact, flow, mutual friction, and collision between a dielectric and water or a dielectric (such as ceramic particles) and a dielectric (such as ceramic particles), and various forms are possible.

  FIG. 2 shows the surface side and center of the dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.) due to the thermoelectric conversion effects (pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, etc.) due to the flow, mutual friction, and collision of the dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.) according to the embodiment. Schematic diagram of heat transfer (electron transfer) due to temperature difference on the side and electron reception of dissolved oxygen on the surface of a dielectric (ceramic particles or the like).

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating that water is structured and captures carbon dioxide so as to surround positive charges according to the embodiment. Schematic diagram in which hydroxide ions are difficult to neutralize with positive charge.

1. Thermoelectric conversion effect, electrokinetic processing part (dielectric flow, mutual friction, collision)
2. Dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.)
3. Water inlet 4, water outlet 5, local heat generation 6, temperature high 7, electron movement 8 inside ceramic particle, temperature low 9, positive charge 10, dielectric (ceramic particle etc.) cross section 11, due to accumulation of electrons Potential difference 12, electron transfer 13 to ceramic particle surface, dissolved oxygen 14, generation of hydroxide ions (1 / 2O ₂ + H ₂ O + 2e− → 2OH ⁻ )
15. Water molecule 16, carbon dioxide molecule 17, generation of hydroxide ions (hydroxide ions are difficult to approach positive charges)
18. Carbon dioxide uptake (close to hydrogen and oxygen)
19. Repulsion between oxygen atom 20, hydrogen atom 21, carbon atom 22, and hydrogen

Claims (1)

In the present invention, water is brought into contact with a container filled with a dielectric (ceramic particles or the like). In addition, electric phenomena generated by electrokinetic phenomena and thermoelectric conversion effects (pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, etc.) caused by causing dielectrics (ceramic particles, etc.) to flow, reciprocate, collide with each other due to the flow velocity of water, It is maintained as positive charges and hydroxide ions, and the water is structured. The surface of the dielectric (ceramic particles or the like) is negatively charged by the interfacial flow potential, but the water flow side is positively charged. In addition, due to the mutual friction of dielectrics (ceramic particles, etc.) and thermoelectric conversion effects (pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, etc.) caused by collisions, heat transfer due to the temperature difference between the surface side of the dielectric (ceramic particles, etc.) and the center side ( Due to the movement of electrons), the high temperature side is positively charged and the low temperature side is charged. Electrons that generate a potential difference move to the surface of the dielectric (ceramic particles or the like), and are combined with dissolved oxygen (O ₂ ) to become hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ). The proportion of the positive charge in the aqueous medium surrounded by polar water molecules oxygen increases, and water is structured. Since the generated hydroxide ions are unlikely to approach the positive charge that increases in the ratio of being surrounded by water molecules, the ratio of neutralization decreases and the hydroxide ions increase. The positive charge is maintained in water as water structuring. Hydroxide ions are also maintained. Due to the structuring of water, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greater than normal water, and is taken up into water and strongly retained. As a result, the amount of dissolved metal ions such as cesium as the bicarbonate is increased. In addition, the bicarbonate is strongly retained in water (having a large dissolving power). Moreover, the amount of metal ions such as cesium dissolved in water increases as a hydroxide salt with hydroxide ions. The water structuring lasts for a certain time (around 40 hours). A method for increasing the amount and power of dissolution of metal ions such as radioactive cesium in water characterized by these features.

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