JP2014019765A - Waste treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste treatment system which produces a plurality of kinds of solid fuels different in unit heat quantity from organic waste including food residues and plastics, and a method for producing the plurality of kinds of solid fuels.SOLUTION: In a waste treatment system for producing solid fuels from organic waste, a plurality of solid fuel production lines are arranged which produce solid fuels different in unit heat quantity.

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment system for producing solid fuel from organic waste, including plastics and food residues, and a method for producing solid fuel for producing solid fuel from organic waste.

In recent years, with the increase in convenience stores, the production volume of processed foods such as lunch boxes, breads and prepared dishes has increased. Such processed food is packaged in a packaging body such as a plastic container or a plastic film, and distributed as a packaged food. Such packaged foods are disposed of as waste after a certain period of time has elapsed since manufacture.
Conventionally, the disposal of such waste has been mainly performed by incineration. One reason for this is that processed foods contain a certain amount of oil and moisture and are difficult to separate from the package. In addition, some foods are separated from the package and composted. However, the efficiency and quality of composting is easily affected by the composition of the food, and the moisture control of the waste and the fermentation conditions Control was essential. As a result, composting requires enormous costs and is not yet the main treatment method for packaged foods.
In the production of such processed food, a large amount of food waste is discharged from the food processing factory. The use of these food wastes by composting has been studied, but as mentioned above, the control of composting conditions is indispensable, resulting in high costs and the use is not sufficiently promoted. There is a present situation.

On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a resource processing system that collectively processes urban waste.
Specifically, the resource treatment system is a mixed waste treatment line that extracts mixed combustible waste and waste plastic by processing mixed waste in which combustible waste, non-combustible waste and waste plastic are mixed, and high moisture content. A high-moisture waste treatment line that extracts organic waste and extracts low-moisture dry organic matter, a flammable waste and waste plastic extracted in the mixed waste treatment line, and a high-moisture waste treatment line. A solid fuel production line that produces solid fuel using the extracted dry organic matter, and a part of the solid fuel produced in the solid fuel production line is used as a heat source fuel of the high moisture waste treatment line It is described that it is characterized.

JP 2010-227779 A

  The resource recovery system described in Patent Document 1 is a mixture waste containing combustible waste (waste paper and cloth), non-combustible waste (metal, etc.) and waste plastic, and high-moisture organic waste (organic sludge and garbage). ) Is treated on a separate line, and cannot be used as a system for producing fuel from organic waste including food residues and plastics.

In addition, when producing solid fuel from waste and supplying it as fuel for power generation boilers, it is most energy efficient to use solid fuel with a unit calorie suitable for the combustion conditions of power generation boilers that use solid fuel .
However, the amount of heat of the solid fuel manufactured by the resource recovery processing system described in Patent Document 1 varies for each processing cycle. Therefore, the solid fuel produced in this way has a problem that it can be used only as a fuel for a limited apparatus, or combustion efficiency is poor and energy loss is large.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a waste treatment system for producing a plurality of types of solid fuels having different unit calories from organic waste containing food residues and plastics, and a method for producing such a plurality of types of solid fuels. The task is to do.

Under these circumstances, the present inventors have developed a treatment system for organic waste containing food residues and plastics, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention
A waste processing system for producing solid fuel from organic waste,
The processing system includes a plurality of solid fuel production lines for producing solid fuels having different unit calories.
Since the waste treatment system of the present invention includes a plurality of solid fuel production lines for producing solid fuels having different unit calorific values, a plurality of types of solid fuels having different unit calorific values can be efficiently produced.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the plurality of solid fuel production lines includes a raw material supply unit that supplies a raw material of the solid fuel to another solid fuel production line.
Thus, by supplying the solid fuel raw material to another solid fuel production line, the unit calorie of the solid fuel produced in the solid fuel production line can be arbitrarily changed. As a result, various types of solid fuels with unit calorific values can be produced.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes a control unit that controls a supply amount by the raw material supply unit so that a unit heat amount of the raw material of the solid fuel in each solid fuel production line becomes a predetermined value.
Thus, by providing the control part which controls the supply amount by a raw material supply part, it becomes possible to adjust the unit calorie | heat amount of solid fuel exactly | strictly. As a result, it is possible to efficiently produce a variety of solid fuels having different unit calories.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic waste includes food residue and plastic. The treatment system of the present invention is suitable for organic wastes mainly composed of food residues and plastics. Moreover, by using such organic waste, a variety of solid fuels having different unit calories can be efficiently produced.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid fuel production line includes a first solid fuel production line using plastic as a fuel raw material, a second solid fuel production line using a mixture of plastic and food residue as a fuel raw material, and food residue. It has at least two of the 3rd solid fuel production lines which use as a fuel raw material.
Such a solid fuel production line is extremely suitable as a system for processing wastes including food residues and plastics discharged from convenience stores and food processing factories.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid fuel production line separates organic waste containing food residue and plastic into plastic and food residue, and the first solid fuel production line and the second solid fuel production line are separated. Each has a separate supply section to supply
The first solid fuel production line includes a raw material supply unit that supplies a part of the plastic supplied by the separation supply unit as a fuel raw material of the second solid fuel production line.
Such a solid fuel production line is extremely suitable as a system for processing mixed waste of plastic and food residues discharged from convenience stores and the like, and mixed waste of food residues discharged from food processing plants.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is characterized by having a solid fuel blending unit that mixes a plurality of types of solid fuels produced by the plurality of solid fuel production lines and produces a mixed solid fuel.
By mixing a plurality of types of solid fuels having different unit calories by the solid fuel blending unit, a solid fuel having a unit calorific value different from that of the solid fuel (mixed solid fuel) can be produced. As a result, it is possible to efficiently produce various kinds of solid fuels having different unit calories.

The present invention for solving the above-described problems is a method for producing a solid fuel, characterized in that a plurality of types of solid fuels having different unit calories are produced from organic waste using the above-described waste treatment system. It is.
By using such a production method, it is possible to efficiently produce a variety of solid fuels having different unit calories.

The present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
A method for producing solid fuel from organic waste,
A solid fuel production process for producing a plurality of types of solid fuel having different unit calories;
A mixing process for producing a mixed solid fuel by mixing solid fuels having different unit calories;
A method for producing a solid fuel having
By using such a solid fuel production method, it is possible to produce solid fuels having various unit calories.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid fuel production step includes a step of controlling the raw material composition of the solid fuel so that the unit calorie of the obtained solid fuel becomes a predetermined value.
Thereby, it becomes possible to control the unit calorie | heat amount of the solid fuel manufactured efficiently.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid fuel is in a pellet form, and the mixing step includes a step of controlling a mixing ratio of the solid fuel so that a unit heat amount of the obtained mixed solid fuel becomes a predetermined value. Is a method for producing a solid fuel.
Thereby, the unit calorie | heat amount of the solid fuel manufactured can be controlled still more efficiently.

  According to the present invention, organic waste containing plastics and food residues discharged from a convenience store, a food processing factory, and the like is efficiently and reliably processed, and a solid fuel having a target unit calorie is efficiently manufactured. be able to. As a result, it is possible to supply the solid fuel adjusted to a unit calorie suitable for the combustion conditions of the small power boiler using the solid fuel.

It is the schematic explaining embodiment of the processing system of this invention. It is the schematic which shows one Embodiment of a grinding | pulverization apparatus. It is the schematic explaining other embodiment of the processing system of this invention.

Hereinafter, Embodiment 1 of the processing system and the method for producing solid fuel of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a solid fuel production method realized by the processing system of the present invention.
The processing system 1 includes a first solid fuel production line 2 using plastic as a fuel raw material, a second solid fuel production line 3 using a mixture of plastic and food residue as a fuel raw material, and a first solid fuel production line 3 using a food residue as a fuel raw material. 3 solid fuel production line 4, solid fuel blending unit 5 for mixing solid fuel produced in each solid fuel production line, control unit 6, second solid fuel production line 3, and third solid fuel And a chlorine adjusting material supply unit 8 for supplying a chlorine adjusting material to the fuel material of the production line 4. Further, each solid fuel production line of the present system includes a crushing device 7.

  The first solid fuel production line 2 produces solid fuel from mixed waste of food residue and plastic. Mixed waste, for example, containers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and PET discharged from convenience stores and food factories, films, etc., and food residues remaining in and attached to containers and discharged during food processing Food residues. Moreover, the processed food residue containing fats and oils etc. is mentioned especially as a food residue.

The mixed waste as described above is first supplied to the drying / pulverization step S12 through the coarse pulverization step S11.
Coarse pulverization can be performed using a normal crusher.
In the drying / pulverization step S12 of the present embodiment, pulverization and drying are performed in parallel. In this way, by performing pulverization while drying, pulverization efficiency can be increased and pulverization with high uniformity can be achieved in a short time.

The pulverization can be performed using, for example, a dry pulverization apparatus 7 as shown in FIG.
The dry pulverization apparatus 7 includes a pulverization tank 71 for pulverizing the mixed waste and the fat adsorbent (wood waste), a pulverization blade 72 for pulverizing the mixed waste in the pulverization tank 71 with stirring, and a pulverization tank 71. A hot air supply device 73 for supplying hot air to the air, a blower 74 for sending air into the crushing tank 71, and an exhaust device 75 for releasing the air in the crushing tank 71 are provided.
The pulverization tank 71 has an inlet 711 for introducing the mixed waste and the fat and oil adsorbent, and outlets 712 and 712 for discharging the dried pulverized material generated by the drying / pulverization step S12 to the outside of the pulverization tank 71, A hot air supply port 713 for supplying hot air from the hot air supply device 73 into the crushing tank 71 and an exhaust port 714 for discharging the air in the crushing tank 71 to the outside are provided.
Further, the grinding blade 72 is configured to rotate in the axial direction by a motor 721.
The hot air supply device 73 includes a boiler 731 for heating air and a cyclone 732 for feeding the heated air into the pulverization tank 71.

When performing the drying / pulverization step S <b> 12, the mixed waste and the fat and oil adsorbent are charged into the pulverization tank 71 from the charging port 711 of the pulverization tank 71. Examples of the oil and fat adsorbing material include wood waste and sawdust. Thereby, drying and pulverization can be performed efficiently while adsorbing the oil content of the food residue.
At this time, it is preferable that the fat and oil adsorbent is continuously added while the mixed waste is pulverized and dried. Thereby, it becomes possible to grind | pulverize, making the fat-and-oil adsorbent adsorb | suck the fat and oil of a mixed waste efficiently. Thereby, it becomes possible to produce | generate a homogeneous dry ground material in a short time.

  In the crushing tank 71, the mixed waste and the fat and oil adsorbent are mixed by the crushing blade 72 while being broken. Meanwhile, warm air is supplied from the warm air supply device 73 into the pulverization tank 71 through the warm air supply port 713 to remove moisture in the mixed waste. The air containing moisture is exhausted from the exhaust port 714 by the exhaust device 75.

  The dried pulverized product generated through the drying / pulverization step S12 is discharged out of the pulverization tank 71 through the discharge ports 712 and 712, and is conveyed to the separation supply unit 11 by the conveyor 76.

In the separation step S13 by the separation supply unit 11, the dry pulverized product generated through the drying / pulverization step S12 is separated into plastic (dry pulverized product) and food residue (dry pulverized product).
Although not shown, for example, the separation step S13 includes a heavy material sorting step for separating heavy materials such as metals from the dry pulverized material, and a sieving step for dividing the dry pulverized material into plastic and food residues.
A wind sorter can be used for heavy object sorting, and sieving can be performed using a sieve. As an apparatus for performing these, an existing apparatus may be used as appropriate.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, it is preferable to fractionate vinyl chloride from the sieved plastic. For example, it is possible to use an apparatus or the like that identifies vinyl chloride using an X-ray analyzer or a near-infrared sensor and separates the vinyl chloride with compressed air.

By passing through each of these steps, the dried and pulverized product can be preferably separated into a plastic not containing vinyl chloride and a food residue.
Among these, most of the plastic is used as a fuel raw material in the first solid fuel production line, and a part of the plastic is supplied by a raw material supply unit 21 included in the first solid fuel production line 2 to be described later. It is supplied to the solid fuel production line 3 as a fuel raw material.

Here, the control unit 6 supplies a plastic supply amount from the raw material supply unit 21 and a chlorine adjusting material supply described later so that the unit calorie and chlorine concentration of the fuel raw material in the second solid fuel production line 3 are in an appropriate range. The supply amount of the chlorine adjusting material from the section 8 is controlled.
For example, food residues usually have a calorific value of 3,000 to 5,000 kcal / kg. The chlorine concentration is about 1% by mass.
On the other hand, plastics usually have a calorific value of 8,000 to 9,000 kcal / kg. Moreover, the chlorine concentration of the dry pulverized plastic from which vinyl chloride has been removed is about 0.3% by mass.

For example, in the present embodiment, the control unit 6 causes the heat amount of the fuel raw material in the second solid fuel production line 3 to be 6,000 to 7,000 kcal / kg and the chlorine concentration to be 0.5 mass% or less. Next, the plastic supply amount from the raw material supply unit 21 and the chlorine adjustment material supply amount from the chlorine adjustment material supply unit 8 are determined.
In order to further adjust the calorific value of the raw material fuel, other components may be mixed. For example, plastic waste mainly composed of polyethylene, and wood waste such as wood waste and sawdust may be added to the fuel material.

In the subsequent pelletizing step S21, the obtained fuel raw material is kneaded while being melted, the molten raw material is formed, and the formed raw material is cooled to cool, thereby forming a solid fuel.
Further, the solid fuel may be molded by a compression molding method without going through a melting step. In particular, when wood chips and sawdust are used, it is easy to produce a solid fuel by compression molding.
Here, the solid fuel to be produced is preferably a pellet from the viewpoint of controlling the combustion efficiency. For example, the pellet can be formed into a columnar shape. In this case, it is preferable from the above viewpoint that the pellet has a diameter of about 5 mm to 30 mm and a height of about 1 to 5 cm.
The fuel material is formed into the solid fuel A through the pelletizing step S21. The solid fuel A is a solid fuel mainly composed of plastic, and has a calorific value of about 8,000 to 9,000 kcal / kg and a chlorine concentration of 0.5% by mass or less.

  In the present embodiment, the second solid fuel production line 3 performs a rough pulverization step S11, a drying / pulverization step S12, and a separation step S13, which are initial processing steps, with the first solid fuel production line 2. Sharing.

  As described above, after the separation step S13, the food residue is used as a fuel material in the second solid fuel production line 3. A part of the plastic supplied to the first solid fuel production line 2 is supplied as a fuel raw material to the second solid fuel production line 3 by the raw material supply unit 21 included in the first solid fuel production line 2. Is done.

Subsequently, the chlorine adjusting material supply unit 8 supplies the chlorine adjusting material to the supplied fuel raw material, and performs a chlorine concentration adjusting step S31 for adjusting the chlorine concentration. Examples of the chlorine adjusting material include wood chips, plastics not containing chlorine, and paper.
Subsequently, the fuel material whose chlorine concentration is adjusted to 0.5% by mass or less is formed into the solid fuel B through the pelletizing step S32. The solid fuel B is a solid fuel in which food residue and plastic are mixed, and has a calorific value of about 6,000 to 7,000 kcal / kg and a chlorine concentration of 0.5% by mass or less.

  In the present embodiment, the third solid fuel production line 4 produces solid fuel from food residues.

The food residue as described above is first supplied to the drying / pulverization step S42 through the coarse pulverization step S41. When the drying / pulverization step S42 is performed, it is preferable that a food residue is preliminarily mixed with an oil and fat adsorbent such as sawdust and sawdust. Thereby, drying and pulverization can be performed efficiently while adsorbing the oil content of the food residue.
The food residue that has undergone the drying / pulverization step S42 is used as a fuel raw material in the third solid fuel production line 4. Here, in order to adjust the chlorine concentration, the chlorine adjusting material supply unit 8 performs the chlorine adjusting step S43 by supplying the chlorine adjusting material to the fuel material. Examples of the chlorine adjusting material include wood chips, plastic not containing chlorine, and paper. These chlorine adjusting materials can also serve as a calorific value adjusting material. The calorific value adjusting material and the chlorine adjusting material to the third solid fuel production line 4 can also be supplied from the raw material supply unit 21 of the first solid fuel production line 2.
Here, the control unit 6 determines the mixing ratio of the chlorine adjusting material so that the chlorine concentration and the unit calorie of the solid fuel mixture to be manufactured become predetermined values.

  The obtained fuel material is formed into the solid fuel C through the pelletizing step S44. The solid fuel C is a solid fuel mainly composed of food residues, and has a calorific value of about 3,000 to 5,000 kcal / kg and a chlorine concentration of 0.5% by mass or less.

The pelletized solid fuel A, solid fuel B, and solid fuel C produced in this way are prepared by the solid fuel preparation unit 5.
In this embodiment, a part of the solid fuel A and a part of the solid fuel B are prepared, and the solid fuel AB (mixture of the solid fuel A pellet and the solid fuel B pellet) is mixed with the part of the solid fuel B and the solid fuel C. Is mixed to produce a solid fuel BC (a mixture of solid fuel B pellets and solid fuel C pellets).

Here, the control part 6 determines the mixing ratio of each solid fuel so that the unit calorie | heat amount of the solid fuel mixture manufactured becomes a predetermined value.
For example, the heat quantity of the solid fuel AB produced here is about 4,000 to 6,000 kcal / kg, and the heat quantity of the solid fuel BC is about 7,000 to 8,000 kcal / kg.
As a result, for example, it is possible to efficiently produce a plurality of types of solid fuels having different amounts of heat by 1000 kcal.

  The solid fuel produced as described above can be used, for example, as a fuel for a large power generation boiler at a factory or the like, or a small power generation boiler at a store or the like. In addition, the electricity generated by the small power generation boiler is sold to, for example, a large-scale business operator, and further sold to convenience stores, shopping centers, supermarkets, condominiums, and the like. With such a system, it is possible to realize energy circulation using organic waste.

Next, a second embodiment of the processing system and the solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a solid fuel manufacturing method realized by the processing system of the present invention.
The processing system 1 includes a first solid fuel production line 2, a second solid fuel production line 3, a third solid fuel production line 4, a solid fuel preparation unit 5, a control unit 6, and a chlorine adjusting material. A supply unit 8 is provided. Further, each solid fuel production line of the present system includes a crushing device 7.

  In the first solid fuel production line 2, the mixed waste of food residue and plastic is provided to the pulverization step S14.

The pulverization can be performed using a known pulverizer as shown in FIG.
In the separation step S15 by the separation supply unit 11, the pulverized product generated through the pulverization step S14 is separated into plastic (dry pulverized product) and food residue (dry pulverized product).
Although not shown, for example, the separation step S15 includes a sieving step of dividing the pulverized product into plastic and food residue.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, it is preferable to fractionate vinyl chloride from the sieved plastic. For example, it is possible to use an apparatus that identifies vinyl chloride using an X-ray analyzer or a near-infrared sensor and separates the vinyl chloride with compressed air.

By going through each of these steps, it can be preferably separated into plastic (crushed material) not containing vinyl chloride and food residue (crushed material).
Among these, most of the plastic is used as a fuel raw material in the first solid fuel production line after passing through the drying step S23, and a part of the plastic is supplied by the raw material supply unit 21 included in the first solid fuel production line 2. The fuel material is supplied to a second solid fuel production line 3 to be described later.
Thereafter, the fuel raw material becomes a solid fuel through the pelletizing step S24.

  In the present embodiment, the second solid fuel production line 3 shares the pulverization step S14 and the separation step S15, which are initial processing steps, with the first solid fuel production line 2.

As described above, after the separation step S15, the food residue is dried in the drying step S33 and used as a fuel raw material in the second solid fuel production line 3. Further, a part of the plastic is supplied as a fuel raw material to the second solid fuel production line 3 by the raw material supply unit 21 and the chlorine adjusting material supply unit 8 included in the first solid fuel production line 2, and the chlorine adjustment step. S34 is performed.
Thereafter, the fuel material becomes a solid fuel through the pelletizing step S35.
Further, the third solid fuel production line 4 can be basically configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Also in the present embodiment, solid fuels having different calories are produced from each fuel raw material. Further, these solid fuels are prepared by the solid fuel preparation unit 5 to produce a plurality of types of solid fuels whose calorific values are adjusted.

  The solid fuel produced as described above can be used, for example, as a fuel for a large power generation boiler at a factory or the like, or a small power generation boiler at a store or the like. In addition, the electricity generated by the small power generation boiler is sold to, for example, a large-scale business operator, and further sold to convenience stores, shopping centers, supermarkets, condominiums, and the like. With such a system, it is possible to realize energy circulation using organic waste.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for an energy circulation system using organic waste discharged from a convenience store or a food processing factory.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing system 11 Separation supply part 2 1st solid fuel production line 21 Raw material supply part 3 2nd solid fuel production line 4 3rd solid fuel production line 5 Solid fuel preparation part 6 Control part 8 Chlorine adjustment material supply part

Claims (11)

A waste processing system for producing solid fuel from organic waste,
The waste treatment system comprising a plurality of solid fuel production lines for producing solid fuels having different unit calorific values.   2. The waste processing system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of solid fuel production lines includes a raw material supply unit that supplies a raw material of the solid fuel to another solid fuel production line.   The waste according to claim 2, further comprising a control unit that controls a supply amount by the raw material supply unit so that a unit calorie of the raw material of the solid fuel in each solid fuel production line becomes a predetermined value. Processing system.   The waste processing system according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste includes food residue and plastic.   The solid fuel production line includes a first solid fuel production line using plastic as a fuel raw material, a second solid fuel production line using a mixture of plastic and food residue as a fuel raw material, and a third solid fuel production line using a food residue as a fuel raw material. 5. The waste treatment system according to claim 1, comprising at least two solid fuel production lines. The solid fuel production line has a separate supply unit that separates organic waste containing food residue and plastic into plastic and food residue and supplies the waste to the first solid fuel production line and the second solid fuel production line, respectively. Prepared,
The first solid fuel production line includes a raw material supply unit that supplies a part of the plastic supplied by the separation supply unit as a fuel raw material of the second solid fuel production line. The waste treatment system described in 1.   The solid fuel blending unit for producing a mixed solid fuel by mixing a plurality of types of solid fuels having different unit calories produced by the plurality of solid fuel production lines. The waste treatment system described in Crab.   A method for producing a solid fuel, comprising producing a plurality of types of solid fuels having different unit calories from organic waste using the waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 7. A method for producing solid fuel from organic waste,
A solid fuel production process for producing a plurality of types of solid fuel having different unit calories;
A mixing process for producing a mixed solid fuel by mixing solid fuels having different unit calories;
The manufacturing method of the solid fuel which has this.   The solid fuel manufacturing process includes a step of controlling a raw material composition of the solid fuel so that a unit calorie of the obtained solid fuel becomes a predetermined value.   The solid fuel is in the form of pellets, and the mixing step includes a step of controlling a mixing ratio of the solid fuel so that a unit calorie of the obtained mixed solid fuel becomes a predetermined value. Production method.

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