JP2014001514A - Base isolation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive and effective base isolation device combining a computer, a sensor, a jack, a ratchet, and a slide mechanism, while considering that base isolation countermeasure for building structures against earthquake and storm is an urgent problem in Japan, however such countermeasure is not so popularized due to expensive base isolation devices.SOLUTION: A building structure, its base, and a slide mechanism existing therebetween are computer-controlled and normally restricted and fixed by a ratchet mechanism. An earthquake or storm exceeding a set value is detected by the sensor, the restriction is released and the building structure is separated from the base, thus solving the above described problem by a base isolation device avoiding the earthquake motion or the storm.

Description

The present invention relates to a seismic isolation device that measures seismic force and wind force by a lifting device, a detection sensor, a computer, software, a damper support, and a slide mechanism, and controls and reduces the force acting on a building.

The lifting device referred to in this paper is a device that raises and lowers the load by power such as a motor, hydraulic jack, air jack, and magnetic levitation.
A device that absorbs external force by using a spring, rubber, hydraulic pressure, air pressure, magnet damper, etc., attenuates the amount of displacement, and restores it to the position before displacement is hereinafter referred to as a damper support.
External force detection sensors are sensors that detect external forces applied to buildings such as earthquakes, vibrations, and wind pressure, and inclinometers, distance meters, thermometers, strain gauges, and other property detection sensors.
A device for pressing, restraining and releasing a plurality of foundation boards is hereinafter referred to as a ratchet.
External forces are considered earthquakes, typhoons, storms, vibrations, etc., but are referred to as earthquakes hereinafter.
A mechanism that separates the foundation of the building into an upper and lower base and installs bearings, slide rails, and low-friction seats between them to move independently and smoothly is hereinafter referred to as a sliding bearing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-292671 The sliding bearing structure of a base isolation device is an invention of a rolling bearing in a base isolated. In this invention, a rolling bearing support hardware is described. Of the upper and lower supports sandwiching the rolling bearing, the lower support is a spherical surface instead of a flat surface, which has the effect of restoring the horizontal shift during an earthquake. It is cheaper than a restoration mechanism using a laminated rubber generally used in a mechanism called a gravity type restoration mechanism.

The damage of the huge earthquake that occurred in the Tohoku region recently reminded us that Japan is constantly exposed to natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons.
As a result, there are also research announcements that predict the arrival of huge earthquakes in the Kanto region and the Pacific coastal region, and the risk is increasing.
The Earth is said to have entered the period of crustal deformation. Not only in Japan, but also in the Pacific Rim of the Pacific Rim countries, Northeast coast of China, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Middle East, Mediterranean coastal countries It can be said that it is in the same whirlpool as Japan.
Japan, an advanced country in earthquake research, has developed seismic technology, and research and development of seismic isolation devices and vibration control devices has progressed.
These devices include various seismic isolation devices that release force entirely, and mild devices that partially release and absorb force.
In general, there are many methods of installing a slide device and laminated rubber damper between the building and the foundation board to isolate the horizontal component of the earthquake.
There is also a method in which, for example, laminated rubber or spring-made energy absorbing metal parts are installed at some corners of the shaft assembly to absorb some of the energy and convert it into thermal energy.
However, for example, the price of a base isolation device is 3 to 4 million yen per house.
A seismic control device that installs partial seismic dampers can be installed for less than 1 million yen per house, but the effect is limited.
In view of the present situation, the present invention provides a seismic isolation device which is inexpensive and surely effective, and there are four main problems to be solved.

The first problem is the problem of the startup speed and attenuation function of the device.
Minor traffic vibrations and operation during light winds cause so-called seasickness reduction, which makes the residents uncomfortable.
It must operate only when an earthquake of a certain level or more occurs, and the device must be started within 1 or 2 seconds after the occurrence of the earthquake, and it must also prevent vibration and amplitude from increasing due to resonance during operation.
The second issue is cost-effectiveness.
As described above, the effects of partial seismic isolation and control devices are greatly affected by the ground condition, building plan, and load.
For example, even if a vibration control device is installed in a lightly loaded part, the external force flow is transmitted to a heavy part, so the effect cannot be exerted.
Depending on the design and installation environment, the effects of partial seismic control devices are limited.
The seismic isolation device is installed by installing a sliding bearing and connecting the upper and lower structures with laminated rubber with a built-in lead damper for resonance prevention.
Therefore, the laminated rubber has a mechanically complicated mechanism, and requires a high degree of material and strength.
Also, the sliding bearing is always in a state of being loaded, and strength and durability are required.
There is also a method of supporting the entire structure with an air balloon and separating it from the ground, but it is seeing a certain spread, but when the balloon is deflated at normal times and an earthquake wave is detected, the balloon is inflated with a compressor in about 1 second, and the upper part Isolate the structure and reduce external force.
If this method operates normally, the seismic isolation performance is very good.
However, it is necessary to install a compressor device and an uninterruptible device for inflating a huge balloon, and we do not know when it will occur. To prepare for earthquakes and storms, we use durable materials and have problems with air leaks. You must be prepared for.

The third issue is the restoration adjustment function of the changed building after the damage occurs.
After the earthquake damage, inevitably harmful effects such as tilting of the structure occur due to liquefaction phenomenon and uneven settlement.
The repair method is excavation under the base and lifting up with a jack, etc., pouring new gravel and concrete, or direct injection of grout (material such as cement and water glass mixture) under the base with a hose, and leveling. There are other methods, but it is expensive and the effect is limited.
The fourth issue is seismic isolation and control for vertical movement.
The current seismic isolation and control devices are intended only for the horizontal component of the earthquake, and have little or no effect on direct type earthquakes with large vertical components.

The invention of claim 1 is made of a computer 201, a sensor 203, 219, a jack 200, a ratchet 122 at the top of the jack, a friction bearing 209, a damper 205, 207 and a rolling bearing 206 (concrete, steel, hard rubber, hard plastic, etc. It is a seismic isolation and leveling device composed of a spherical shape, an oval shape, an elliptical solid shape, etc., which is allowed to stand freely and has a shape that reduces rolling resistance) and a rolling bearing support (hereinafter referred to as bearing receiving) 223. (Figure 2)
In principle, the present invention is also effective in the configuration of the jack 200, the ratchet 122 and the upper part of the jack, the lower pressing plate 204, the friction bearing 209 and the horizontal damper 205 having a suitable friction coefficient, the damper bearing 207 and the rolling bearing 206. (Figure 5)
In this case, since there is no electric system, maintenance is basically unnecessary, and although it is an inexpensive method, since it is not controlled by a computer, the seasickness phenomenon cannot be solved.
The shape of the bearing support 223 is basically a simple planar shape with few troubles such as catching and rolling stagnation, but an elliptical shape, a parabolic shape, a spherical shape, and the like have a function as a damper against a slide motion, and are included in the bearing support.
A flat or spherical cross-section bearing is easy to manufacture and install, but easily resonates with seismic motion, increasing amplitude and slowing down convergence time, but the damper bearing 207 is effective as a preventive measure.
Since the amplitude temporarily increases during the convergence process, the departure prevention 208 is also necessary.
The effect is the same regardless of whether the support is installed on the upper or lower base, but if installed on the upper part, there is the advantage of preventing mud and dust from accumulating on the lower support bowl and maintaining a smooth free slide. is there.
The method of installing on both upper and lower bases also enhances the effect of returning to the center.
Next, a ratchet is also a key to the present invention.
The structure of the ratchet 222 and the jack 200 is shown in FIG.
The jack may be hydraulic, air or electric lift, but in this figure, a hydraulic jack will be described as an example.
The ratchet is composed of an electric ball screw 100 and a motor 104, and is controlled by a computer 201 connected to an earthquake sensor 202.
The role of the ratchet is to prevent the so-called seasickness phenomenon by fastening the upper and lower bases together with a latch mechanism (hanger) so that it does not operate during normal times or light earthquakes.
During an earthquake of a certain value or more, the ratchet restraint is gradually relaxed according to the external force within a short time by the signal from the sensor, and the movement of the friction bearing 209 is gradually smoothed.
When the external force is small, the restraining force is increased, and when the external force is large, the restraining force is decreased to finely adjust the damper function.
The friction bearing 209 is an elastic body having a constant thickness, and can be isolated from the vertical movement of the earthquake by controlling the degree of ratchet restraint by a signal from the vertical movement detection sensor.
The friction bearing is structured so that the frictional resistance can be controlled by the distance of the opposing friction bearings, such as by combining rubber materials with high frictional resistance, hard resin, or metal with different shapes. (Figure 4)
These devices and sensors are controlled by a computer 217.
(FIG. 2) is a configuration diagram thereof.
An upper structure 215 is tightly coupled to the upper base 210, and the lower base 211 moves integrally with the ground 212.

During normal times, the upper base and the structure are pressed by the pressing plate 204 because the ratchet 222 is in the descending and fixing state, and pressed against the lower base through the rolling support 206.
It is also conceivable to install a pressing plate on the lower surface of the upper base, press it from below during normal times, and push the upper base up and hold it. (Figure 5)
In this case, it becomes a seismic isolation device by controlling the friction constant by pressing the spring constant of the damper bearing 207 and the friction bearing 209.
Although this method does not require an opening for the ratchet shaft and is simplified in terms of construction method, the load of the upper structure is applied to the ratchet from the normal time, and high durability of the jack and the ratchet is required.
Normal time is a state in which no earthquake occurs, or an earthquake that is less than the threshold set in the computer, and is also restrained in the horizontal direction by the friction bearing 209.
Therefore, it will not be shaken by a mild earthquake.
When an earthquake occurs and the signal from the sensor is equal to or higher than the set threshold, the ratchet 222 is raised in a short period of time to gradually release the restraint from the rolling bearing holding plate and the friction bearing.
In the fully open state, the upper base is in a state where it only rides on the lower base through rolling support, and even if the lower base moves, the upper base tries to maintain a stationary state according to the law of inertia, so it works as a seismic isolation device .
After the earthquake converges, the ratchet is lowered and the upper structure and the base are held back to return to normal.
Since this is the only control, it is also possible to control by so-called hard logic instead of a computer.
Some latch mechanisms do not use electric ball screws.
For example, there is a method of energizing the upper and lower electromagnets so as to be opposite to each other by a computer during an earthquake and pushing up the holding plate by the repulsive force of the electromagnets.
At the same time as pushing up, the pin of the latch mechanism is flipped up, the latch is released, the restraint of the holding plate is released, and the pin is lowered in normal times.
In this case, the friction bearing is either a restraint or a release, and analog control of the restraining force is not possible, so there is no damper function by the friction bearing 209.
Many of the current seismic isolation devices are not controlled by a computer, and it is difficult to respond to after-earthquakes such as aftershocks after the earthquake has stopped.
In the present invention, since these operations are performed through a computer, it is possible to cope with irregular disturbances, and it is possible to set operations according to the shape and properties of the ground and the building.
Actually, there is rolling friction between the rolling bearing and the lower base, so that it moves following the lower base to some extent, but considerable movement is reduced.
If the earthquake is large and there is a large amount of divergence between the upper and lower bases, the rolling bearing may deviate, a part of the base may collide with a part of the jack, or the vibration may not stop due to a resonance phenomenon.
Deviation prevention 208 shields the rolling bearing from rolling over a certain width.
Damper support 207 damps resonance and limits the amount of divergence between the upper and lower bases, and horizontal damper 205 alleviates sudden collisions. However, the effect of the present invention is the same.
The jack also receives a bending force from the horizontal direction through the upper base, so make it a strut with appropriate strength.
Further, in claim 1, a sliding bearing is raised as a free sliding mechanism, which is a sheet having a low sliding friction and a strong sheet (hereinafter referred to as a sliding sheet) attached to the upper and lower bases. The receptacle 223 and the damper support 207 are unnecessary.

A method of adjusting the shifted horizontality after the earthquake damage using the above apparatus is also the present invention.
When the upper and lower bases and structures are not horizontal or when distortion occurs, it can be detected by an inclinometer or strain gauge 219 which is a part of the sensor.
In the case of slight inclination, the upper base is lifted by the jack 200 and the lower holding plate, and the horizontal adjustment spacer 301 is inserted under the rolling bearing support 223.
If the inclination is large and adjustment is not possible with the adjustment spacer, use the following method.
With the ratchet lowered, the upper and lower bases are fixed with bolts and nuts 224.
While sensing inclinometers and strain gauges affixed everywhere in the structure, the jacks are raised and lowered by the compressor 220 to bring the upper and lower bases into a horizontal state.
In this state, concrete or grout is poured from the grout inlet.

Disaster prevention and earthquake resistance are currently the most important issues in Japan.
In the Kanto Tokai region in particular, magnitude 7 class earthquakes are expected to occur within the next 5 to 30 years.
However, the current situation is that earthquake-proofing and seismic isolation of public buildings are progressing, but there is little progress in earthquake-proofing of individual houses and buildings.
The inventor is engaged in the construction industry, but the cause is that the construction cost of seismic isolation is expensive, the reliability of the effect is not constant, the equipment is complicated and the contractor cannot easily construct it, etc. Is raised.
In the present invention, the computer, the sensor, and the operating part, which are the heart, are provided in a package, so that the installer can easily perform the construction as if a part of the building material is attached.
Since the upper and lower foundations are generally flat, the foundation shape like a conventional maze is not required, the foundation construction is simple, and the cost of foundation construction is roughly half according to the calculation.
The device of the present invention is a set of about 1,500,000 yen, and the total seismic isolation device can be installed with an increase of about 1,000,000 yen when offsetting the reduction in infrastructure construction costs.
It can be offered at 1/3 to 1/4 of the conventional price.
Since the sensor and computer are always in operation, some power must be supplied at all times, and an emergency generator (battery) is required in case of a disaster power supply stop, but in order to raise the total load of the structure However, since it is only necessary to lift the holding plate 104 about 50 kg, it can be operated for 1 or 2 hours with a battery for passenger cars.
Since computers, sensors, jacks, etc. are not complicated specifications, the device can be configured with inexpensive commercial products.
There is no need to install a compressor permanently for leveling, and a general-purpose product will be rented when necessary, and it will not be a burden because the contractor will prepare it.

It is drawing explaining the structure of a jack and a ratchet. It is drawing explaining the block diagram of the apparatus of Claim 1. It is drawing explaining the utilization method on the independent foundation of the apparatus of Claim 1. It is drawing which showed the example of various friction bearings. 1 is a view showing the principle and basic form of the present invention.

The main points of the present invention are a bearing and a ratchet.
We are currently conducting mathematical simulations of bearings with flat, spherical, elliptical, and parabolic cross sections.
Of course, the flat type has the least rolling friction and a great seismic isolation effect, but it easily resonates and has a long convergence time.
In the case of a curved section, the restoring force of the parabolic support that rolls back after rolling is stronger than the circular section, and the restoration time is faster.
In the case of a sphere, the restoring force is constant because the tangential direction on the spherical surface is constant, and the effect of the damper support is smaller than that of the parabola, but the restoring force becomes stronger by reducing the radius, and the slide margin 214 becomes smaller. .
According to a trial calculation, the cost of making a bowl-shaped support with an elliptical shape and a parabolic shape is more than double that of a spherical shape, but a parabola should be adopted in view of its effectiveness.
In addition, if the sliding seat system is used instead of rolling, the sliding resistance increases, but the cost is considerably low.
The ratchet is mechanical and has a simple structure, and can switch between restraint crimping and restraint release instantaneously, but there is a limit to the repulsive force of the upper and lower electromagnets, and the heavy upper presser plate 204 cannot be burdened. The result is to increase the number.
The best mode of the present invention at this stage is the electric ball screw 100 and the rolling bearing 206.
And a damper bearing 207 and a bearing receiver 223.
We actually make a round and parabolic bowl and experiment with both rolling bearings in a pseudo-base.
The friction bearings are simulated, and the best material shape is sought while changing the material and shape in parallel and conducting a simulation test.

Since the recent Great East Japan Earthquake, Japan's demand for housing construction has declined due to concerns about the earthquake.
Seismic and seismic isolation technologies have been proven and well-known because of the fact that the earthquake and seismic isolation method, houses and structures that use seismic isolation devices combined with the recent earthquake damage were minimal. There are many users who are hesitant about building a new house because of its high price. By providing the present invention at a low cost, a sense of security for the user is fostered and the number of housing construction starts is increased.

100 ball screw


101 Lower electromagnet

102 Upper electromagnet

103 Latch mechanism

104 motor

200 Jack etc.

201 computers

202 Earthquake detection sensor

203 Wind pressure sensor

204 Upper holding plate (lower holding plate)

205 horizontal damper

206 Rolling bearing

207 Damper support

208 Deviation prevention

209 Friction bearing

210 Upper base

211 Lower base

212 Abandoned concrete, crushed stone, ground adjustment, improvement section, jack base

213 Dustproof and waterproof screen

214 slide fee

215 Superstructure

216 Inspection port

217 battery, emergency power

218 Power supply, signal, power pressure system

219 Property sensors such as inclinometers, distance meters, strain gauges, etc.

220 compressor

221 Lower holding plate

222 electric ratchet

223 Rolling support

224 Bolt holes and receiving screws

225 grout inlet

301 Spacer for leveling

Claims (1)

Separate the foundation board of the building into two or more, measure the external force such as earthquake storm and the signal from the sensor that detects the level and distortion of the building with a computer etc., and the separated foundation board is friction by computer control Superstructure and foundation in the event of an earthquake storm, etc. by combining a latch device that controls restraint or release or restraint force through the bearing, a free sliding mechanism such as a rolling bearing, a sliding bearing, etc., and a receiving material that supports the rolling bearing and a damper bearing. A device that controls the mechanical restraint of the body and exempts the influence of external forces such as earthquakes and storms, and a method of adjusting the level of the foundation board using this device and the lifting device.

Images