JP2013544086A - 酵素及びその使用 - Google Patents
酵素及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013544086A JP2013544086A JP2013537168A JP2013537168A JP2013544086A JP 2013544086 A JP2013544086 A JP 2013544086A JP 2013537168 A JP2013537168 A JP 2013537168A JP 2013537168 A JP2013537168 A JP 2013537168A JP 2013544086 A JP2013544086 A JP 2013544086A
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- JGMQHDNPUCPRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-olate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=C([O-])C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C JGMQHDNPUCPRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010512 thermal transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007126 thermus medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000003641 trioses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABKNGTPZXRUSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylotriose Natural products OCC(OC1OCC(OC2OCC(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O)C(O)C(O)C=O ABKNGTPZXRUSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、バイオマス処理に関連する新規の酵素の単離及び特徴付けについて開示する。特に、本発明は、好ましくは30℃以上、一般には30℃から70℃でバイオマスを発酵性糖に改変する(又はその改変に寄与する)新規の酵素を提供する。本発明の好ましい酵素は、デンプン、キシラン及び/又はセルロースの発酵性糖への分解を触媒する。これらの酵素は、新規の構造及び有益な生物活性を示す。本発明の他の好ましい酵素は、糖の発酵によるエタノールの生成を触媒する。そのような酵素の例は、アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、アセトアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ及びピルビン酸デヒドロゲナーゼを含む。これらの酵素は、ディノコッカス細菌から単離されたエネルギー代謝に関連する第1の機能的酵素である。それらの活性、構造及び物理化学的特性のため、これらの酵素は、産業分解処理、環境汚染物質の処理、バイオエネルギー製品、パルプ及び紙産業、織物産業、樹脂産業、並びに化学及び医薬分野に用いるための新規の有益な製品である。
−シグナルペプチドを有さないSEQ ID NO: 6のエンドキシラナーゼの成熟型
MKRSKTHLAVVGLGLLALLGSCGQS;
−シグナルペプチドを有さないSEQ ID NO: 3のエンドキシラナーゼの成熟型
MRRLPLLAALLASLAGAQA;
−シグナルペプチドを有さないSEQ ID NO: 62のエンドキシラナーゼの成熟型
MKRFQKVGRSGALAVLTLALSACGVLKA;
を含む。
本発明の更なる対象は、上記の酵素又はポリペプチドをコードする核酸である。本発明の更なる対象は、上記の核酸を含むベクターである。
SEQ ID NOs: 42-56 は、それぞれSEQ ID NOs: 27-41のタンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含む。SEQ IDNO 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69及び71は、それぞれSEQ ID NOs: 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70 及び72のタンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含む。本発明の核酸は、単離型又は精製型であってもよく、例えばcDNAライブラリーのクローニング及び発現、増幅、酵素的合成、又は組み換え技術といった本技術分野において周知の技術により作製、単離及び/又は操作され得る。また、その核酸は、例えばBelousov (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3440-3444に記載されているような周知の化学的合成技術により、インビトロで合成され得る。
本発明は、種々の産業的、農業的、生物工学的、化学的及び医学的分野に、本発明の酵素を用いる方法を提供する。実際に、それらの高い触媒効果の結果、本発明の酵素は、向上された触媒速度を有するため、他の周知の化学触媒及び微生物触媒と比較してより有利である。本発明の酵素は、例えばバイオマスの処理、脱リグニン及びパルプ漂白、バイオ燃料の生成、織物産業、パン工業、医薬品、樹脂産業、有機合成等に用いられ得る。
本発明の酵素は、バイオマス、又はセルロース、ヘミセルロース、リグニン及び/若しくはキシランを含むリグノセルロース材料の改変のための方法に用いられ得る。特定の実施形態において、バイオマスは、植物由来のセルロース、デンプン又はキシラン含有材料である。本発明の酵素は、例えばバイオマスからの代謝物質及び/又はエネルギー製品(例えばバイオ燃料)又は化学物質の生成のための、バイオマスの発酵性糖及び/又は単糖類及び/又は多糖類への改変に適用され得る。
本発明の酵素は、特に、紙産業における製紙用パルプを生成する方法等の多くの産業プロセスに用いられ得る。
本発明は、本発明の酵素を用いて織物を処理する方法を提供する。その酵素は、織物を織る際若しくはその後、又は糊抜き段階の際、又は更なる織物加工ステップの際に適用され得る。
本発明の酵素は、特にプラスチック、塗料、ニス、接着剤等を生成する樹脂産業にも用いられ得る。この点に関して、プラスチック、塗料、ニス、接着剤及び他の合成品を生成するための樹脂産業に用いられ得る好ましい酵素は、上記の糖のポリマーを生成することが可能な本発明のアミラーゼ、セルラーゼ、キシラナーゼである。この点に関して、最も効果的な酵素は、15までの単糖類から構成されるポリマー、好ましくは二糖類、三糖類及び四糖類を生成することが可能である。
特定の実施形態において、本発明の酵素(例えばキシラナーゼ)は、生地改良剤における重要な材料として、又は生地被加工性及び吸水性の改善のために用いられ得る。
本発明の酵素は、医薬分野にも用いられ得る。例えば、本発明のセルラーゼは、ヒトの胃内で発見されるセルロース胃石である、植物胃石を処理するのに用いられ得る。本発明のアミラーゼは、医学的診断の目的で用いられ得る。
本発明の更なる態様は、改善された特性を有する微生物の共生培養物に関する。特に、本発明は、ディノコッカス細菌を用いた共生培養物に関し、共生培養物は、酵素活性又は物理化学的特性を改善してきた。特定の実施形態において、本発明は、少なくとも2種の別の微生物の共生培養物に関し、その微生物の少なくとも1種はディノコッカス細菌であり、その微生物の少なくとも1種は原核細胞又は真核細胞であり、それらの少なくとも2種の微生物は互いに共生し、その少なくとも1種のディノコッカス細菌は本発明に係る酵素活性を示す。
材料及び方法
選択試験及び培養培地成分
167サーマス培地
- MOPS buffer 1X (ph7) 、以下のものを含む:酸性MOPS緩衝液40 mM, NH4Cl 20mM, KOH 10 mM, NaOH 10 mM, CaCl2 0.5μM, Na2SO4 0.276 mM, MgCl2 0.528 mM.
- 微量栄養素の溶液(pH5): (NH4)6(MO7)24 3nM, H3BO3 400 nM, CoCl2 30 nM, CuSO4 10, nM,MnCl2 250 nM, ZnSO4 10 nM.
- ビタミン溶液, pH4.0, (1μg/l each): D-ビオチン, ナイアシン, ピリドキサール-HCl, チアミン-HCl,ビタミンB12
- リン酸溶液: K2HPO4 5.7 mM
- FeCl3 20 μM (クエン酸ナトリウムで調製し、その後濾過した。)
実施例1 セルロース分解活性を有する酵素の同定(図1)
ディノコッカス spを、濾過されたpH7のMOPS緩衝液:酸性MOPS緩衝液 40 mM (Sigma, France), (NH4Cl 20 mM, KOH10 mM, NaOH 10 mM, CaCl2 0.5 μM, Na2SO40.276 mM, MgCl2 0.528 mM), pH5の微量栄養素溶液((NH4)6(MO7)243 nM, H3BO3 400 nM, CoCl230 nM, CuSO4 10 nM, MnCl2 250 nM,ZnSO4 10 nM), pH4のビタミン溶液 (1 μg/Lof D-ビオチン, ナイアシン, ピリドキサール-HCl, チアミン-HCl及び ビタミンB12), K2HPO4 溶液5.7 mM 、並びにFeCl3溶液 20 μM (溶媒はNaH2(C3H5O(COO)3))により構成された最小培養培地に播種した。ワットマンIフィルターの1枚を単一の炭素源として加えた。
−M1−H3からのセロビオヒドラーゼ(エンドセルラーゼ加工性)はSEQ ID NOs: 1 (部分的配列) 及び60 (全長 自然変異体)で示される;
−DRH46からの2つのエンドグルカナーゼはSEQ ID NOs: 2及び70のそれぞれで示される。
ディノコッカス spを、濾過されたpH7のMOPS緩衝液:酸性MOPS緩衝液 40 mM (Sigma, France), (NH4Cl 20 mM, KOH10 mM, NaOH 10 mM, CaCl2 0.5 μM, Na2SO40.276 mM, MgCl2 0.528 mM), pH5の微量栄養素溶液((NH4)6(MO7)243 nM, H3BO3 400 nM, CoCl230 nM, CuSO4 10 nM, MnCl2 250 nM,ZnSO4 10 nM), pH4のビタミン溶液 (1 μg/Lof D-ビオチン, ナイアシン, ピリドキサール-HCl, チアミン-HCl及び ビタミンB12), K2HPO4 溶液5.7 mM 、並びにFeCl3溶液 20 μM (溶媒はNaH2(C3H5O(COO)3))により構成された最小培養培地に播種した。ジャガイモからの可溶性デンプンを、最終濃度0.5%(w/v)で単一の炭素源として加えた。
ディノコッカス spを、濾過されたpH7のMOPS緩衝液:酸性MOPS緩衝液 40 mM (Sigma, France), (NH4Cl 20 mM, KOH10 mM, NaOH 10 mM, CaCl2 0.5 μM, Na2SO40.276 mM, MgCl2 0.528 mM), pH5の微量栄養素溶液((NH4)6(MO7)243 nM, H3BO3 400 nM, CoCl230 nM, CuSO4 10 nM, MnCl2 250 nM,ZnSO4 10 nM), pH4のビタミン溶液 (1 μg/L の D-ビオチン, ナイアシン, ピリドキサール-HCl, チアミン-HCl及び ビタミンB12), K2HPO4 溶液5.7 mM 、並びにFeCl3溶液 20 μM (溶媒はNaH2(C3H5O(COO)3))により構成された最小培養培地に播種した。カバ材のキシランを0.5%(w/v)の最終濃度で単一の炭素源として添加した。
−SEQ ID NO: 6で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する、MC3-4A菌株由来のエンドキシラナーゼ(エンド1,4−β−グルカナーゼ);
−SEQ ID NO: 7で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する、DRH-38菌株由来のグリコシドヒドロラーゼ;
−SEQ ID NO: 8で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する、DRH-46菌株由来のβキシロシダーゼ;及び
−SEQ ID NO: 9-12及び68でそれぞれ示されるアミノ酸配列を有する、DRH-46菌株由来の5つの別のアラビノフラノシダーゼである。
ディノコッカス細菌を45℃又は30℃で増殖する。無細胞培養上清を以下のプロトコールに従って試験した。試験された反応は以下の通りである。
アセチルCoA +s-NAD(P) --> アセトアルデヒド + s-NAD(P)H
その反応を、速度決定のための連続的分光光度法を用いて、25°C,pH = 8.5, A340nmで試験する。以下の試薬を用いる(初期濃度)。
試薬B:0,4 mM アセチル CoA;
試薬C:10mM NaOH(s-NADH)で還元された1 mM s-ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド;
試薬D:酵素溶液(細胞粗抽出物又は精製タンパク質);
試薬E:BSA(ブランク)。
マイクロプレートに以下の試薬をピペットで移す(μl)。
試薬A(緩衝液) 150 150
試薬B(アセチルCoA) 75 75
試薬C(β−NADH) 60 60
マイクロプレートを撹拌し、25℃に平衡させる。適当に温度制御された分光光度計を用いて一定になるまでA340nmを観察した。その後、15μlの試薬D(酵素溶液)、15μlの試薬E(ブランク)を加える。
ディノコッカス細菌を45℃又は30℃で増殖する。無細胞培養上清を以下のプロトコールに従って試験する。試験された反応は以下の通りである。
エタノール+ s-NAD(P)--> アセトアルデヒド + s-NAD(P)H
その反応を、速度決定のための連続的分光光度法を用いて、25°C,pH = 8.8, A340nmで試験する。以下の試薬を用いる(初期濃度)。
試薬B:エタノール又はブタン−1−オール又はその他;
試薬C:15mM β−ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド溶液(s-NAD)。同じくs-NADP;
試薬D:酵素溶液(細胞粗抽出物又は精製タンパク質);
試薬E:0.1% BSA含有10 mM リン酸ナトリウム緩衝液、pH7.5, 25℃(ブランク)。
マイクロプレートに以下の試薬をピペットで移す(μl)。
試薬A(緩衝液) 130 130
試薬B(アルコール) 10 10
試薬C(β−NAD) 150 150
マイクロプレートを撹拌し、25℃に平衡させる。適当に温度制御された分光光度計を用いて一定になるまでA340nmを観察した。その後、10μlの試薬D(酵素溶液)、10μlの試薬E(ブランク)を加える。
実施例2で述べたように、SEQID NO : 3を含むM23r-2A由来のαアミラーゼをコードする核酸を従来の組み換え技術に従ってpETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化した。そのベクターにおいて、その核酸を、組み換えタンパク質の精製を容易にするために、6(His)タグと共にフレーム内にクローン化する。
pETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化されたM23r-2A 由来のαアミラーゼをコードする組み換え核酸を含むE.coliを、単一の炭素源として0.5%デンプンを含む最小培地において1mMIPTGの存在下又は非存在下で増殖させた。培養液のアリコートを遠心分離により細胞を除去した後の培養液上清においてαアミラーゼ活性を測定するために、3日間及び6日間増殖させた。
酵素の熱不活性化を、5mM Ca2+の存在下又は非存在下においてウォーターバスで60℃、1時間行った。サンプルを、5 mM Ca2+の存在下又は非存在下において、上記のように酵素アッセイを行う前に、5分間氷上で冷却した。維持された活性をじょうきのように45℃、pH7で測定した。非加熱サンプルを100%とした。
他の試験において、ゼラチン化されたSigmaデンプンを、M23-3A菌株及びM23-3A菌株からのSEQ ID NO: 3の組み換え酵素の加水分解パターンを決定するための基質として用いた。24時間の加水分解後、加水分解産物をHPLCにより分析した。基質のゼラチン化を、88℃で90分間行った。ゼラチン化の後、デンプン懸濁液を45℃に調節し、緩衝液を加えた。
色素で標識され、架橋されたデンプンを基質(Ceralpha,Amylazyme, Megazyme)として用い、以下の緩衝液と共に45℃で20分間インキュベートした。
100 mM酢酸ナトリウム−酢酸 (pH範囲3.8-5.8)
100 mMMOPS−NaOH (pH範囲6.8-7.8)
100 mMグリシン−NaOH (pH範囲8.8-10.8)
全ての緩衝液は5 mM CaCl2を含む。
酵素のCeralpha基質活性を種々の緩衝液で決定した。基質を50 mMリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液pH7.0に溶解した。酵素を以下のいずれかで希釈した。
蒸留水
50又は100 mMHEPES緩衝液 pH 7.0
50又は100 mMMOPS緩衝液 pH 7.0
保存液:50 mM Tris-HCl + 50 mM NaCl + 5%グリセロール, pH 7.0又はpH 8.0
(以下の表2に示すように)酵素をHEPES緩衝液で希釈した場合、最も高い活性を得た。
精製M23-3Aαアミラーゼの熱安定性を、円偏光二色性分光を用いて検討した。スペクトルを、5mMCaCl2の存在下で10mM HEPES緩衝液 (pH 7.0)で記録した。タンパク質濃度は2.9 μMで、波長は222 nmであった。
pETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化されたSEQ ID NO: 58の組み換えグルコアミラーゼ(M23-3A菌株由来)をコードする組み換え核酸を含むE.coliを調製し、4Lのルリアベルターニ培地で増殖させた。グルコアミラーゼタンパク質生成の誘導を、1 mM IPTGを含む4Lのルリアベルターニ培地を用いて30℃で一晩中行った。培養液の遠心分離後、細胞を50mM Tris HCl緩衝液pH8, 300mM NaCl, 5mM イミダゾール, 0.5mM PMSF, 1mg/ml リゾチームに懸濁し、超音波処理により破壊した。細胞の破片を遠心分離により除去し、上清を回収し、Cobalt His-Trap親和性クロマトグラフィーカラム (HisTrap HPカラム)にアプライした。組み換えグルコアミラーゼを含む分画を50mM Tris HCl緩衝液pH8, 50mMイミダゾール, 300mM NaClを含む緩衝液を用いて溶出した。続いて、組み換えグルコアミラーゼを含む分画を、50mM Tris HCl pH8緩衝液, 50mM NaCl, 5% グリセリンに対してHi-Trap脱塩カラムを用いて脱塩した。
pETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化されたSEQID NO: 60のエンドグルカナーゼをコードする組み換え核酸を含むE.coliを、炭素源としてセルロースを含む最小培地に1mM IPTGを含む、又は含まない培地で増殖させる。遠心分離による細胞の除去後の上清におけるエンドグルカナーゼ活性を測定するために、増殖後3日目及び6日目に培養液のアリコートを取った。
pETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化されたSEQ ID NO: 6のエンドキシラナーゼをコードする組み換え核酸を含むE.coliを調製し、ルリアベルターニ培地で増殖した。グルコアミラーゼタンパク質生成の誘導を、1 mM IPTGを含む4Lのルリアベルターニ培地を用いて37℃で6時間行った。培養液の遠心分離後、細胞を50mMリン酸緩衝液pH7.5, 300mM NaCl, 5mM イミダゾール, 0.5mM PMSF, 1mg/ml リゾチームに懸濁し、超音波処理により破壊した。細胞の破片を遠心分離により除去し、上清を回収し、Nickel His-Trap親和性クロマトグラフィーカラム (HisTrap HPカラム)にアプライした。組み換えエンドキシラナーゼを含む分画を50mMリン酸緩衝液pH7.5, 50mMイミダゾール, 300mM NaClを含む緩衝液を用いて溶出した。続いて、組み換えエンドキシラナーゼを含む分画を、50mM Tris HCl pH8緩衝液, 50mM NaCl, 5% グリセリンに対してHi-Trap脱塩カラムを用いて脱塩した。
アラビノキシランの加水分解試験において、組み換えエンドキシラナーゼ活性を、参照酵素(すなわち、T.reesei Xyn11A, T.reesei Xyn1及びT.maritima Xyn10A)の活性と比較した。このアッセイを、基質として5g/lのコムギアラビノキシラン(Megazymes)を用いて行った。酵素の量を基質1gに対して0.02mgとした。その反応をpH5.0、55℃で行った。アラビノキシランの加水分解を(図11Aに示すように)4時間、24時間及び48時間の時点で評価した。還元糖の放出を、基質としてキシロースを用いたPHABAHで測定した。加水分解速度(w/w)を、測定された可溶性キシロース重量を(キシロースとして計算された)アラビノキシランの初期重量により割って計算した。
アッセイを、50μl Mcllvaine緩衝液pH 3-8, 25μl酵素(20μg/ml)及び25μl 4% Roth キシラン(水が溶媒)を含むマイクロタイタープレートで行った。サンプルを55℃で10分間加熱した。100μlのDNSを加え、98℃で5分間インキュベートして反応を停止させた。ODを540nmで測定した。MC3-4A菌株から精製組み換えエンドキシラナーゼ酵素は、pH5.0で最も高い活性を示した。しかしながら、組み換えエンドキシラナーゼの活性は、参照酵素ではほとんど活性が無いような例えばpH4.0を含む広い範囲で高い活性を維持する(図9に示す)。
アッセイを、100μlの組み換え酵素(最終濃度2% g/ml, T.maritima16*g/ml)と、 50mM酢酸ナトリウム pH 5を溶媒とする100μlの2% Rothキシランとを含むマイクロチューブで行った。サンプルを55℃で10分間加熱した。200μlのDNSを加え、98℃で5分間インキュベートして反応を停止させた。ODを540nmで測定した。図10に示すように、組み換えエンドキシラナーゼの最適温度曲線では、少なくとも90%のその活性が55℃から70℃の温度範囲で維持しており、最適温度範囲が広い。結論として、MC3-4Aからの組み換えエンドキシラナーゼの最適温度は、参照酵素のT.maritima Xyn10A及びT.reesei Xyn11Aの最適温度よりも広い。
24時間以上のMC3-4Aエンドキシラナーゼの温度安定性を検討した。T.reesei Xyn11Aを参照酵素として用いた。種々の温度(すなわち45°C, 55°C, 60°C 及び 65°C)で24時間インキュベートした後、残りのキシナラーゼ活性をアラビノキシランで測定した。その結果を図12に示す。組み換え酵素は、55℃で24時間処理した後も、まだ活性であり、約20%の活性を維持している。図12の結果は、組み換えエンドキシラナーゼMC3-4AがT.reesei Xyn11Aからの参照キシラナーゼよりも安定で効果があることを示す。
ディノコッカス spを、濾過されたMOPS緩衝液 pH7:酸性MOPS緩衝液40 mM (Sigma, France), NH4Cl 20 mM, KOH10 mM, NaOH 10 mM, CaCl2 0.5 μM, Na2SO40.276 mM, MgCl2 0.528 mM), 微量栄養素溶液pH5 ((NH4)6(MO7)24 3 nM, H3BO3400 nM, CoCl2 30 nM, CuSO4 10 nM, MnCl2 250 nM,ZnSO4 10 nM), ビタミン溶液 pH4 (1 μg/Lof D-ビオチン, ナイアシン, ピリドキサール-HCl, チアミン-HCl及びビタミンB12),K2HPO4溶液 5.7 mM 並びにNaH2(C3H5O(COO)3)を溶媒とするFeCl3 溶液 20 μM から構成された最小培地に播種した。アセチル化キシランを炭素源として加えた。
アッセイを50μlの基質(αナフチルアセテート)と緩衝液で希釈された50μlの酵素を含むマイクロタイタープレートで行った。その後、Varioskanを用いて、235nmの吸光度を10分間測定した。図18に示すように、DRH-46菌株からの精製組み換えアセチルキシランエステラーゼ酵素は、pH 8 (AXE1)及びpH8-9 (AXE2)で最も高い活性を示した。
pETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化されたSEQID NO: 68のα−L−アラビノフラノシダーゼをコードする組み換え核酸を含むE.coliを調製し、ルリアベルターニ培地で増殖させた。E.coli培養で組み換えタンパク質の生成を誘導した。その誘導を、1 mM IPTGを含む4Lのルリアベルターニ培地を用いて30℃で5時間行った。培養液の遠心分離後、細胞を50mM リン酸緩衝液pH7.4, 300mM NaCl, 5mMイミダゾール, 0.5mM PMSF, 1mg/mlリゾチームにより再懸濁し、超音波処理により破壊した。細胞の破片を遠心分離により除去し、上清を回収し、Nickel His-Trap親和性クロマトグラフィーカラム (HisTrap HPカラム)にアプライした。組み換えαLアラビノフラノシダーゼを含む分画を、300mMイミダゾール, 300mM NaCl, 50mM リン酸緩衝液pH7.4,を含む緩衝液を用いて溶出した。続いて、組み換えαLアラビノフラノシダーゼを含む分画を、50mM リン酸 pH7.4緩衝液,50mM NaCl, 10% グリセリンに対してHi-Trap脱塩カラムを用いて脱塩した。
pETDEST42ベクター内にクローン化されたエンドセルラーゼをコードする組み換え核酸を含むE.coliを調製し、ルリアベルターニ培地で増殖させた。E.coli培養で組み換えタンパク質の生成を誘導した。その誘導を、1 mM IPTGを含む4Lのルリアベルターニ培地を用いて室温で一晩中行った。培養液の遠心分離後、細胞を50mM Tris HCl緩衝液pH8, 50mM NaCl, 10% グリセリン, 0.5mM PMSF, 1mg/mlリゾチームにより再懸濁し、超音波処理により破壊した。細胞の破片を遠心分離により除去し、上清を回収し、Nickel His-Trap親和性クロマトグラフィーカラム (HisTrap HPカラム)にアプライした。組み換えエンドセルラーゼを含む分画を、50mM Tris HCl緩衝液pH8, 200mMイミダゾール, 50mM NaClを含む緩衝液を用いて溶出した。続いて、組み換えエンドセルラーゼを含む分画を、50mM Tris HCl緩衝液pH8,50mM NaCl, 10% グリセリンに対してHi-Trap脱塩カラムを用いて脱塩した。
ディノコッカス spを、濾過されたpH7のMOPS緩衝液:酸性MOPS緩衝液 40 mM (Sigma, France), (NH4Cl 20 mM, KOH10 mM, NaOH 10 mM, CaCl2 0.5 μM, Na2SO40.276 mM, MgCl2 0.528 mM), pH5の微量栄養素溶液((NH4)6(MO7)243 nM, H3BO3 400 nM, CoCl230 nM, CuSO4 10 nM, MnCl2 250 nM,ZnSO4 10 nM), pH4のビタミン溶液 (1 μg/L の D-ビオチン, ナイアシン, ピリドキサール-HCl, チアミン-HCl及び ビタミンB12), K2HPO4 溶液5.7 mM 、並びにFeCl3溶液 20 μM (溶媒はNaH2(C3H5O(COO)3))により構成された最小培養培地に播種した。αグルクロノシドを基質として用いた。
Claims (18)
- ディノコッカス又はその関連細菌由来であり、エネルギー代謝に関連する酵素。
- 30℃以上、好ましくは40℃以上で活性である請求項1に記載の酵素。
- バイオマスの改変を触媒する請求項1又は2に記載の酵素。
- アミラーゼ、グルコシダーゼ、セルラーゼ、キシラナーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、エステラーゼ、アセチルキシランエステラーゼ及びグルクロニダーゼから選択される請求項3に記載の酵素。
- シグナルペプチドを有さない成熟型で、SEQ ID NOs: 1-12, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70及び72から選択されるアミノ酸配列の全て又は1つの活性部を備える請求項4に記載の酵素。
- 発酵によるバイオ燃料の生成に関連する請求項3に記載の酵素。
- アセトアルデヒド、デヒドロゲナーゼ、アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ及びピルビン酸デヒドロゲナーゼから選択される請求項6に記載の酵素。
- SEQ ID NOs:27-41から選択されるアミノ酸配列の全て又は1つの活性部を備える請求項6に記載の酵素。
- SEQ ID NOs:1-12, 27-41, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70及び72から選択されるアミノ酸配列、又はその連続した少なくとも15残基を有する断片を備えているポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の酵素又はポリペプチドをコードする核酸。
- 請求項10の核酸を備えたベクター。
- 請求項10の核酸又は請求項11のベクターを含む組み換え細胞。
- ディノコッカス又はその関連細菌である請求項12の細胞。
- バイオマスの改変及び/又は代謝物質若しくはエネルギー製品の生成、又は木材、パルプ、農業廃棄物、有機廃棄物、飲料、界面活性剤、樹脂、織物、健康製品及び薬剤の処理のための請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の酵素、核酸、ベクター又は細胞の使用。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の酵素、核酸、ベクター又は細胞にバイオマスを曝露することを備えているバイオマスを改変する方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の酵素、核酸、ベクター又は細胞に炭素源を曝露することを備えている代謝物質又はバイオエネルギー製品を生成する方法。
- 少なくとも2種の異なる微生物の共生培養物であって、
前記微生物の少なくとも1つはディノコッカスであり、前記微生物の少なくとも1つは原核又は真核細胞であり、
前記少なくとも2種の微生物は、互いに共生し、
前記少なくとも1つのディノコッカスは、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項の酵素の活性を示す共生培養物。 - 少なくとも2種の異なる微生物の共生培養物であって、
前記微生物の少なくとも1つはディノコッカスであり、前記微生物の少なくとも1つは酵母であり、
前記少なくとも1つのディノコッカスは、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項の酵素の活性を示す共生培養物。
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JPN6015042023; "alpha amylase, catalytic region [Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300]" [04-MAY-2006] Retrived from G * |
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