JP2013533305A - 治療 - Google Patents
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- JP2013533305A JP2013533305A JP2013523660A JP2013523660A JP2013533305A JP 2013533305 A JP2013533305 A JP 2013533305A JP 2013523660 A JP2013523660 A JP 2013523660A JP 2013523660 A JP2013523660 A JP 2013523660A JP 2013533305 A JP2013533305 A JP 2013533305A
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- adra2a
- antagonist
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Abstract
【選択図】図1A
Description
本発明は、アルファ2aアドレナリン受容体(ADRA2a)の拮抗作用に関する。ADRA2aのアンタゴニストは、ADRA2aの活性、機能又は量を阻害又は減少させるいかなる化合物又は分子でもよい。好ましくは、アンタゴニストは、患者の肝臓における等、ADRA2aを発現する細胞、組織又は臓器において機能する。アンタゴニストは、肝臓において優先的に作用し得、又は肝臓を含むいくつかの部位において作用し得る。アンタゴニストは、炎症細胞、血小板又はニューロン等、特定の細胞型において優先的に作用し得る。好ましくは、アンタゴニストは、個体の肝臓、腎臓、脳及び心臓のうち1又は複数における等、アンタゴニストが投与された個体の細胞、組織又は臓器におけるADRA2a活性、機能又は量の減少をもたらす。活性の減少は、ADRA2aを介したシグナル伝達の減少であり得る。アンタゴニストは、更に後述する通り投与において、上述の肝臓又は他の臓器、細胞若しくは組織を標的とし得る。
本発明はまた、肝疾患の治療における使用に適した薬剤の同定のための方法を提供する。例えば、本発明は、門脈圧の低下における等、肝疾患の治療における使用に適したADRA2aのアンタゴニストの同定のための方法を提供する。本方法により同定されたアンタゴニストは、前述の特徴又は効果のいずれかを有するADRA2aのアンタゴニストであり得る。本明細書に記載されている方法により同定されたアンタゴニストは、肝疾患の治療における又は本明細書に記載されている状態若しくは症状のいずれかの治療若しくは予防における使用に適切であり得る。
本明細書に記載されている適切なADRA2aアンタゴニストは、典型的には、投与のために薬学的に許容される担体又は希釈剤と共に製剤化される。アンタゴニストは、本発明のスクリーニング方法により同定されたいずれかのアンタゴニストを含む、本明細書に定義されているいかなるアンタゴニストであってもよい。よって、アンタゴニストは、製薬技術においてルーチンである標準的な薬学的に許容される担体(複数可)及び/又は添加剤(複数可)と共に医薬として製剤化し得る。製剤の正確な性質は、所望の投与経路を含む数種の因子に依存する。典型的には、アンタゴニストは、経口、静脈内、胃内、血管内又は腹腔内投与のために製剤化し得る。
本発明は、肝疾患を有する個体の治療のため、特に、肝硬変に関連する又は起因する症状及び状態の治療のための方法を提供する。従って、本発明は、肝疾患を有する個体を治療する方法であって、前記被験体にADRA2aのアンタゴニストを投与するステップを含む方法を提供する。同様に、ADRA2aのアンタゴニストは、肝疾患を有する個体を治療する方法における使用のために提供し得る。肝疾患を有する個体の治療における使用のための医薬の製造における、ADRA2aのアンタゴニストの使用も提供される。
本発明は、その必要がある個体における硬変等の肝疾患の治療に関する。従って、本発明における治療対象の個体は、硬変等の肝疾患を有してよく、又は硬変等の肝疾患のリスクが増加していてもよい。例えば、被験体は硬変を有してよい。被験体は門脈圧亢進症を有してよい。門脈圧亢進症は、門脈静脈及びその分岐における血圧上昇として定義し得る。門脈静脈は、腸から肝臓へと血液を運ぶ大きな静脈である。門脈圧勾配(肝静脈又は門脈静脈の圧力(例えば、門脈静脈又は肝静脈に挿し込まれたカテーテルの測定値)と、肝静脈又は下大静脈の圧力(例えば、肝静脈又は下大静脈における自由に動く位置での圧力読み取り値)との間の差)が、5mmHg以上、好ましくは10mmHg以上である場合、門脈圧亢進症は、臨床的に有意であると定義し得る。
標準的診断基準を用いて代償性、非代償性又は慢性肝不全急性化(ACLF)として患者を分類した。ノルアドレナリン、門脈圧(HVPG)及び肝血流のレベルに関して患者を評価した。
方法
これらの実験は、硬変の確立された動物モデルである、胆管結紮(BDL)ラットを利用した。BDLラットは、当技術分野において公知の方法により作製し得る。例えば、この手順のために雄のスプラーグドーリー(Sprague-Dawley)ラット(200〜250g)を用い得る。麻酔後、正中開腹手術を行い、胆管を露出し、4.0シルク縫合糸により三重に結紮し、第二と第三の結紮の間を切断し得る。続いて吸収性縫合糸により傷を層縫合し、動物保管施設に戻すまで静音室(quiet room)で動物を回復させる。
ADRA2aアンタゴニストで処置した後、プラセボ処置群と比較して、MAPの有意な増加(p<0.05)及び門脈圧の有意な低下が見られた(11.4±3.4対18.0±3.7mmHg、p<0.001)。
正常肝臓は、α2aアドレナリン受容体の発現が非常に限定的であることが判明したが、一方、BDLラット(硬変のモデル)の肝臓は、顕著な発現増加を示した。
- 門脈圧低下、
- MAP及び肝動脈血流増加、
- 肝内抵抗低下、並びに
- アンモニア、脳腫脹及び腎機能障害低下
等、いくつかの効果を有した。
Claims (14)
- 肝疾患を患っている個体を治療する方法における使用のためのアルファ2aアドレナリン受容体(ADRA2a)のアンタゴニスト。
- 前記個体が慢性肝疾患を患っている、請求項1に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。
- 前記個体が肝硬変を患っている、請求項1又は2に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。
- 前記方法が、肝不全を治療又は予防するための方法である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。
- 個体が、肝疾患を患っていない被験体と比較して、(a)内臓血管拡張及び正常、低下又は増加した心拍出量、(b)門脈圧亢進症、(c)平均動脈圧低下、(d)肝動脈血流低下、(e)肝内抵抗増加、(f)血漿アンモニア増加、(g)肝腎機能障害、(h)脳水増加、(i)血漿クレアチニン増加、(j)血漿乳酸増加、(k)アルコール性硬変及び/又は(l)非アルコール性脂肪肝疾患のうち1又は複数を患っている、又はそのリスクがある、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。
- 個体が活動性肝炎を患っていない、及び/又は個体が肝臓の顕著な炎症を有さない、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。
- (a)個体の肝臓におけるADRA2a発現の減少、及び/又は
(b)個体の肝臓におけるADRA2aレベルの減少、及び/又は
(c)個体の肝臓におけるADRA2a活性の減少、及び/又は
(d)個体の肝臓におけるADRA2aを介したシグナル伝達の減少
をもたらす、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。 - BRL-44408、ヨヒンビン及びラウオルシンから選択される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。
- (a)ADRA2aの特異的アンタゴニストであり、
(b)ADRA2aの選択的アンタゴニストであり、
(c)ADRA2bのアンタゴニストではなく、
(d)ADRA2cのアンタゴニストではなく、
(e)ADRA1のアンタゴニストではなく、及び/又は
(f)ADRBのアンタゴニストではない、
請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのアンタゴニスト。 - その必要がある個体における肝疾患を治療する方法であって、アルファ2aアドレナリン受容体(ADRA2a)のアンタゴニストを前記個体に投与するステップを含む方法。
- 肝疾患の治療における使用に適した薬剤を同定する方法であって、被験薬が、ADRA2aの量又は活性を減少させることができるか決定するステップを含み、ADRA2aの量又は活性を減少させる能力が、化合物が肝疾患の治療における使用に適切であり得ることを示す方法。
- ADRA2aの量又は活性が、
(a)肝臓又は肝臓に由来する組織若しくは細胞、
(b)腎臓若しくは心臓又は腎臓若しくは心臓に由来する細胞、
(c)血小板又はニューロン、あるいは
(d)ADRA2aを発現する別の細胞又は組織
のうち1又は複数において評価される、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 被験薬を門脈圧亢進症又は硬変の動物モデルに投与するステップと、被験薬の存在が、ラットの肝臓におけるADRA2aの量又は活性の減少をもたらすか決定するステップとを含む、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 動物モデルが、胆管結紮ラットである、請求項13に記載の方法。
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JPN5013009304; IKEDA M: 'EFFECT OF PHENOXYBENZAMINE (POB) ON PORTAL VENOUS PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION' AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY V71 N4, 1979, P389-394 * |
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